JP2005133368A - Sediment treating device, tunnel boring machine and boring method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce an equipment cost and a treatment cost and to improve sediment treating efficiency by positively separating slush sediment into water and solid in a sediment treating device, a tunnel boring machine and a boring method. <P>SOLUTION: First and second screw conveyors 33, 34 are connected to a chamber 32 formed in a boring machine body 11, and pressurizing devices 35-38 serving as pressure filtration devices are connected to the rear end of the second screw conveyor 34. Delivery devices 43-46 are provided for delivering sand and gravel which are solid compressed by the pressurizing devices 35-38, every predetermined quantity, and water pipes 64, 65 for returning separated moisture to a chamber 32 are connected to the pressurizing devices 35-38. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an earth and sand treatment apparatus for treating mud mud and sand generated by excavating the ground, and a tunnel excavator and a tunnel excavation method for constructing a tunnel by applying the earth and sand treatment apparatus.

  The muddy water type shield excavator is equipped with a disk-shaped cutter head at the front of the cylindrical excavator body so that it can be driven and rotated, while the rear part is equipped with a number of shield jacks that advance the excavator body At the same time, an erector device for assembling the segment to the inner wall surface of the existing tunnel is mounted. Therefore, when the shield jack is extended while rotating the cutter head, the excavator body moves forward with the excavation reaction force from the existing segment, and each cutter bit can excavate the ground in front and form a tunnel. .

  The ground on which this mud shield excavator is used is an unstable formation where the face is relatively soft and difficult to treat with spring water. In tunnel excavation work, the mud is circulated to stabilize the face. We are excavating the ground while aiming for. In other words, the shear generated by ground excavation is fluid transported to the ground as mud by a mud pump, separated into sediment and mud at a treatment facility installed on the ground, and the mud is returned to the chamber by a mud pump and pressurized. By maintaining it, the face is stabilized.

  Therefore, a mud pump and a mud pipe for discharging the shear to the ground and a mud pump and a mud pipe for returning the mud to the chamber are required, which increases the cost of the equipment due to the large piping equipment. There is a problem of end. In addition, in order to ensure the fluidity of the shear in the chamber, additive materials such as bentonite are injected into the shear, so the earth and sand separated by fluid transport to the ground must be treated as industrial waste. Processing cost will increase.

In order to solve such a problem, the present applicant has already applied for a “tunnel excavation method” as Patent Document 1 shown below. In this "tunnel excavation method", excavated mud and sand are conveyed backward by a screw conveyor, pressurized by a pressurizing device to be separated into water and gravel, and the water is returned to the face, while the gravel is discharged to the ground. By carrying it, the equipment cost is reduced.
JP2003-148087

  In the “tunnel excavation method” described above, the excavated mud and sand are pressurized and separated into water and gravel using a pressurizing device. As the pressurizing device, a casing, piston, filter, etc. are used. Opening the gate from the end of the casing to discharge the gravel. However, enormous pressure is required to pressurize and dehydrate the entire amount of mud and sand supplied in the casing, leading to an increase in the size of the pressure jack. Further, when a predetermined amount of muddy earth and sand is pressurized in a cylindrical casing, the dewatered state of the earth and sand becomes uneven in the longitudinal direction of the casing, making it difficult to obtain good gravel.

  The present invention solves such a problem, and is intended to reduce facility costs and treatment costs, and to improve the sediment treatment efficiency by reliably separating muddy earth and sand into water and solid matter. An object is to provide an apparatus, a tunnel excavator, and a tunnel excavation method.

  In order to achieve the above object, the earth and sand treatment apparatus of the invention of claim 1 includes a pressure filtration means for compressing muddy earth and sand into water and solids, and a solid material compressed by the pressure filtration means. And a drainage means for discharging the water separated by the pressure filtration means.

  In the earth and sand treatment apparatus according to the invention of claim 2, the solid material cutting means has a storage portion for storing a part of the solid material compressed by the pressure filtration means, and the storage portion is a solid material storage position. And the solid portion discharge position.

  In the earth and sand treatment apparatus according to the invention of claim 3, the pressure filtration means includes a cylindrical casing for supplying muddy earth and sand, a pressure piston movably provided on one end side of the casing, A filter mounted on the other end side, and the solid material cutting means is provided adjacent to the filter.

  In the earth and sand treatment apparatus according to the invention of claim 4, the solid material cutting means includes a cut plate that is movably supported in a direction intersecting the casing, and is formed in the cut plate so as to be formed inside the casing. It has the accommodating part which accommodates a solid substance in the communicating position, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

  In the earth and sand treatment apparatus according to the invention of claim 5, there is provided an extruding means for extruding the solid material accommodated in the accommodating portion when the cutting plate moves and the accommodating portion moves outward of the casing. It is characterized by that.

  A tunnel excavator according to a sixth aspect of the present invention includes a pair of earth and sand treatment devices arranged in a straight line so that the solid material cutting means are opposed to each other, and a solid material transport carriage below each solid material cutting means. Is characterized in that it is supported movably.

  The tunnel excavator of the invention of claim 7 is a mud discharge pipe for discharging the excavated mud mud and sand of the face, and a pressure filtration for pressurizing the excavated mud mud and sand discharged from the mud pipe and separating it into moisture and solid matter. Means, a solid material cutting means for cutting out a predetermined amount of the solid material compressed by the pressure filtration means, and a water supply pipe for returning the water separated by the pressure filtration means to the face. It is a feature.

  In the tunnel excavator according to an eighth aspect of the present invention, the pressure filtration means is provided on a cylindrical casing that is connected to the mud pipe and supplies excavated mud mud and sand, and is movably provided on one end side of the casing. A pressure piston and a filter mounted on the other end side of the casing, and the solid material cutting means is supported movably in a direction crossing the casing adjacent to the filter. It has a cut-out plate and an accommodating portion that accommodates solid matter at a position formed on the cut-out plate and communicating with the inside of the casing.

  The tunnel excavator of the invention of claim 9 is provided with an extruding means for extruding the solid material accommodated in the accommodating portion when the cutting plate moves and the accommodating portion moves outward of the casing. It is characterized by that.

  In the tunnel excavation method of the invention of claim 10, the excavated mud mud and sand generated at the face is discharged backward, the excavated mud mud and sand is pressurized to separate it into moisture and solid matter, and the compressed solid matter is separated. While excavating by a predetermined amount a plurality of times, the separated water is returned to the face and excavation is performed.

  According to the earth and sand treatment apparatus of the first aspect of the present invention, the pressure filtration means that pressurizes the muddy earth and sand and separates it into moisture and solid matter, and the solid matter compressed by the pressure filtration means is cut out by a predetermined amount. Since the solid material cutting means and the drainage means for discharging the water separated by the pressure filtration means are provided, the solid material is formed by separating the water from the muddy earth and sand, and the solid material is cut out by a predetermined amount. It can be discharged, and no drainage equipment such as a drainage pump or a drainage pipe is required to discharge the mud mud and sand to the ground, making the entire drainage equipment compact and reducing equipment costs. In addition, since the muddy earth and sand can be reliably separated into water and solid matter, the conveyance of the solid matter becomes easy and the sediment treatment efficiency can be improved.

  According to the earth and sand treatment apparatus of the second aspect of the present invention, as the solid material cutting means, there is provided an accommodating portion for accommodating a part of the solid material compressed by the pressure filtration means, and this accommodating portion is defined as a solid matter accommodating position. Since it is supported movably at the solid portion discharge position, only the dehydrated solid matter can be reliably discharged through the storage portion.

  According to the earth and sand treatment apparatus of the invention of claim 3, the pressure filtration means includes a cylindrical casing for supplying the muddy water earth and sand, a pressure piston movably provided on one end side of the casing, and the casing. Since the filter is mounted on the end side and the solid material cutting means is provided adjacent to the filter, the structure of the pressure filtration means can be simplified and the equipment cost can be reduced. Since the immediately preceding solid material is cut out, only the solid material that has been reliably dehydrated can be discharged.

  According to the earth and sand treatment apparatus of the invention of claim 4, the solid matter cutting means is accommodated in the cutout plate supported movably in the direction intersecting the casing at a position communicating with the inside of the casing. Since the housing portion is formed and configured, the configuration of the solid material cutting means can be simplified, whereby the apparatus can be reduced in size and cost.

  According to the earth and sand treatment apparatus of the fifth aspect of the present invention, when the cutting plate is moved and the storage portion moves outward of the casing, the extrusion means for extruding the solid matter stored in the storage portion is provided. The solid material cut out by the cutting plate can be easily discharged.

  According to the tunnel excavator of the sixth aspect of the invention, the pair of earth and sand processing devices are arranged in a straight line so that the solid material cutting means are opposed to each other, and the solid material transport carriage is provided below each solid material cutting means. Since the slidable support is supported, the earth and sand as solid matter taken out from the plurality of earth and sand treatment apparatuses can be efficiently accumulated and discharged by the transport carriage, and the earth and sand treatment efficiency can be improved.

  According to the tunnel excavator of the invention of claim 7, the mud pipe for discharging the excavated mud mud and sand of the face, and the pressurization for pressurizing the excavated mud mud and sand discharged from the mud pipe to separate into moisture and solid matter Since there is provided a filtering means, a solid material cutting means for cutting out a predetermined amount of the solid material compressed by the pressure filtration means, and a water supply pipe for returning the water separated by the pressure filtration means to the face, excavation Moisture is separated from the muddy earth and sand to form solid matter, and this solid matter can be cut out and discharged by a predetermined amount, eliminating the need for soil removal equipment such as a sludge pump or a sludge pipe for discharging to the ground. The whole earth removal equipment can be made compact, the equipment cost can be reduced, and the muddy soil can be reliably separated into water and solids, so the solids can be transported easily. And improve the sediment treatment efficiency. .

  According to the tunnel excavator of the invention of claim 8, the pressure filtration means is provided movably on the cylindrical casing connected to the mud pipe and supplying the excavated mud soil and sand, and on one end side of the casing. A pressure plate and a filter mounted on the other end side of the casing, and a solid material cutting means, a cutting plate supported so as to be movable in a direction adjacent to the filter and intersecting the casing; Since it is composed of an accommodating portion that accommodates solid matter at a position formed on the cutting plate and communicated with the inside of the casing, the configuration of the pressure filtration means and the solid matter cutting means is simplified to reduce the size and equipment of the apparatus. The cost can be reduced and the solid matter immediately before the filter is cut out, so that only the solid matter that has been dehydrated can be reliably discharged.

  According to the tunnel excavator of the ninth aspect of the invention, when the cutting plate is moved and the storage portion moves outward of the casing, the extrusion means for extruding the solid matter stored in the storage portion is provided. The solid material cut out by the cutting plate can be easily discharged.

  According to the tunnel excavation method of the invention of claim 10, the excavated mud mud and sand generated at the face is discharged backward, the excavated mud mud and sand is pressurized to separate into water and solids, and the compressed solid While excavating a predetermined amount a plurality of times, the separated moisture was returned to the face and excavation was performed, so that the solid was formed by separating the moisture from the excavated mud mud and sand. A fixed amount can be cut out and discharged, and there is no need for soil removal equipment such as a sludge pump or a sludge pipe to discharge to the ground. The whole soil discharge equipment can be made compact and the equipment cost can be reduced. In addition, since the muddy earth and sand can be reliably separated into water and solid matter, the conveyance of the solid matter becomes easy and the sediment treatment efficiency can be improved.

  The best mode for carrying out the earth and sand treatment apparatus, tunnel excavator and excavation method of the present invention is to pressurize the muddy earth and sand to separate it into moisture and solids, and then apply the compressed solids several times over a predetermined amount. In the following, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a plan view of a sediment processing apparatus mounted on a muddy tunnel excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view of the sediment processing apparatus of the present embodiment, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 1, FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the earth and sand cutting device of the present embodiment, FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the mud tunnel excavator of the present embodiment, and FIGS. The outline showing the tunnel excavation method by the mud tunnel excavator of an Example is shown.

  The tunnel excavator of the present embodiment is particularly used for so-called tunnel excavation work at a depth of 40 m or more, and such a deep stratum is relatively hard, and groundwater is not used. It is likely to occur. Therefore, in this embodiment, the explanation will be made assuming that the earth and sand treatment device is mounted on the muddy tunnel excavator.

  In the muddy water tunnel excavator of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the excavator body 11 has a cylindrical shape, and a cutter head 12 is rotatably mounted on the front portion. A number of cutter bits 13 are fixed, and a copy cutter 14 is mounted on the outer peripheral portion so as to be able to appear and retract. A ring gear 15 is fixed to the rear portion of the cutter head 12, and a plurality of swing motors 16 are attached to the excavator body 11, and a drive gear 17 of each swing motor 16 is engaged with the ring gear 15. . Accordingly, when the turning motor 16 is driven to drive the drive gear 17 to rotate, the cutter head 12 can be rotated via the ring gear 15.

  A plurality of shield jacks 18 are juxtaposed along the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral surface of the excavator body 11, and the existing segments constructed on the inner peripheral surface of the tunnel that has been excavated by extending the shield jacks 18 in the rearward direction of the excavation direction. By pressing against S, the excavator body 11 can be advanced by the reaction force. A swiveling ring 19 is rotatably supported at the rear part of the excavator body 11, and an erector device 20 for assembling the segment S is mounted on the swiveling ring 19. Further, a gantry 21 extends rearward at the rear portion of the excavator main body 11, and a first winch 22 that conveys the segment S is supported on the gantry 21 so as to be movable in the front-rear direction. Furthermore, a rail 23 is laid along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel along the tunnel excavation behind the excavator body 11, and a support carriage 24 having a gate shape is supported on the rail 23 so as to be movable. Yes. The support carriage 24 is connected to the gantry 21 via a connecting beam 25, and a second winch 26 that conveys the segment S is supported by the connecting beam 25 so as to be movable in the front-rear direction. Further, a transport carriage 27 that transports a plurality of segments S mounted thereon is movably supported on the rail 23 and passes through the central portion of the support carriage 24 so as to be movable forward and backward.

  Therefore, the plurality of segments S are mounted on the transport carriage 27 and are carried into the existing tunnel, and are moved to the rear of the excavator body 11 by moving the rail 23. Then, the second winch 26 hangs the segment S on the transport carriage 27 and moves forward, and then the first winch 22 receives this segment S, turns 90 degrees, moves forward, and moves to a predetermined position. Place. The erector apparatus 20 grips and moves the segment S, and assembles it into a ring shape with the inner wall surface of the existing tunnel.

  By the way, the mud tunnel excavator of the present embodiment is suitable for use in tunnel excavation work in relatively hard and deep ground, and supplies the excavated mud mud and sand to the pressure filtration means as water and solid matter. While separating from sand and gravel (separation process) and excavating (excavation process) while supplying only water (or make-up water) separated from soil pressure in the face as anti-water pressure from the closed system circulation pipeline in the excavator body, separation The generated gravel is transported to the ground (transport process). Therefore, the earth and sand processing apparatus 30 of this embodiment is provided behind the excavator body 11.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, in the earth and sand treatment apparatus 30, a bulkhead 31 is attached to the excavator main body 11 so as to be located behind the cutter head 12, and the cutter head 12, the bulkhead 31, A chamber 32 is formed between them. A first screw conveyor 33 tilted forward is disposed in the excavator main body 11, and a front end portion is opened and communicated with the chamber 32. On the other hand, a horizontal second screw conveyor 34 is connected to the rear end portion of the first screw conveyor 33.

  Below the second screw conveyor 33, four pressurization devices 35-38 as pressure filtration means are disposed and connected via the soil discharge pipes 39-42. Although the pressurizing devices 35 to 38 have substantially the same configuration, the rear pressurizing devices 35 and 37 and the front pressurizing devices 36 and 38 face each other so that the pressurizing directions are reversed. The pressurizing devices 35 and 36 located on the left side and the pressurizing devices 37 and 38 located on the right side are arranged in parallel so that the pressurizing directions are the same, and are shifted back and forth. Arranged. And the cutting devices 43-46 as a solid substance cutting means which cuts the gravel compressed each predetermined amount at the front-end | tip part of each pressurization apparatus 35-38 are provided, respectively.

  Since the pressurizing devices 36 to 38 and the cutting devices 43 to 46 have substantially the same structure, only one pressurizing device 36 and the cutting device 43 will be described in detail. About 37-39 and the cutting devices 44-46, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  That is, the pressurizing device 35 includes a casing 51 that is formed in a cylindrical shape and is horizontally supported, a pressurizing piston 52 that is movably supported in the casing 51, and a pressurizing piston 52 that can reciprocate. The pressure jack 53 and a filter 54 attached to the tip of the casing 51 are configured. A mud throwing gate 55 can be opened and closed by the mud throwing jack 56 in the soil discharge pipe 39.

  Further, in the cutting device 44, as shown in detail in FIGS. 4 and 5, the cutting plate 58 is movable along the direction intersecting the axial direction of the casing 51 by a mounting bracket 57 at the tip of the casing 51. It can be moved by left and right cut-out jacks 59. The cut-out plate 58 is formed with two cut-out holes 58 a and 58 b as accommodating portions communicating with the inside of the casing 51, and the cut-out holes 58 a and 58 b have the same diameter as the inner diameter of the casing 51. . In this case, the cutout plate 58 is located adjacent to the front side of the filter 54 at the tip of the casing 51. Further, an upper extrusion jack 60a as an extrusion means for extruding compressed gravel corresponding to the cutout hole 58a of the cutout plate 58 moved upward is disposed above the casing 51, while the casing 51 is disposed. A lower extrusion jack 60b as an extruding means for extruding compressed gravel corresponding to the cutout hole 58b of the cutout plate 58 moved downward is disposed below the second screw conveyor. 34 is supported. Each push-out jack 60a, 60b has push plates 62a, 62b having the same diameter as the cut-out holes 58a, 58b at the tip of the drive rod, and the gravel in the cut-out holes 58a, 58b can be pushed out. Yes.

  Further, one end portion of the water supply pipe 63 is branched and connected to the distal end portion of each pressurizing device 35 to 38, and the other end portion is extended forward and connected to the squeeze pump 64 of the support carriage 24. The water pipe 65 extending forward from the squeeze pump 64 branches at the tip, communicates with the chamber 32 via the on-off valve 66, and penetrates the excavator main body 11 through the on-off valve 67 to the periphery. It communicates with the ground. A maintenance opening 68 is formed at the rear end of the second screw conveyor 34 and can be opened and closed by a gate 69.

  Therefore, the pressure jack 53 is extended and the pressure piston 52 is moved in a state where the mud input gate 55 is opened and a predetermined amount of excavated muddy soil is supplied from the second screw conveyor 34 to the casing 51 through the discharge pipe 39. Then, the mud mud and sand in the casing 51 is compressed. In particular, the mud mud and sand in the vicinity of the filter 54 is dehydrated and the water is discharged through the filter 54 to the water pipe 63, while the mud and sand separated from the water, that is, the gravel is solidified. it can. At this time, in the cutting plate 58 of the cutting device 44, for example, one cutting hole 58b is located concentrically at the end of the casing 51, and dewatered gravel is filled in the cutting hole 58b. When the cut-out jack 59 is contracted and the cut-out plate 58 is moved upward, the cut-out hole 58b filled with gravel moves outside the casing 51, while the empty cut-out hole 58a is formed. It moves into the casing 51. Therefore, by extending the extrusion jack 60a, the extruded plate 62a can extrude and discharge the gravel in the cutout hole 58b, while the dewatered gravel can be filled in the cutout hole 58a.

  Each of the cutting devices 43 to 46 is disposed so as to form a V shape with a predetermined angle so that the lower part faces the center side of the existing tunnel, and is discharged from the respective cutting holes 58a and 58b. It is considered not to contact the casing 51 in the middle of falling gravel. And under this cutting device 43-46, the earth and sand carrying cart 70 is supported so that movement is possible along the rail 23, and this earth and sand carrying cart 70 removes the gravel discharged from the cutting devices 43-46. Can be received and transported outside.

  Here, the tunnel excavation work and the earth and sand treatment work by the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment configured as described above will be described.

  In order to form a tunnel by excavation, as shown in FIG. 6, first, while rotating the cutter head 12 by driving the turning motor 16, the plurality of shield jacks 18 are extended by the pressing reaction force against the existing segment S. By advancing the excavator body 11, the front ground is excavated by a number of cutter bits 13. Next, any one of the shield jacks 18 is operated in the contracting direction to form a space with the existing segment S, and the ring segment is mounted by installing a new segment S in this space by the erector device 20. Form.

  The excavated mud mud and sand generated by the excavation work is taken into the chamber 32 and conveyed backward by the first and second screw conveyors 33 and 34. Only the separated water is returned to the chamber 32, while the separated gravel is cut out by a predetermined amount by the cutting devices 43 to 46 and conveyed to the ground. In this case, the four pressurizing devices 35 to 38 and the cutting devices 43 to 46 are operated simultaneously or alternately so that the soil removal process is efficiently performed. In the following, the processing operation of the excavated mud mud and sand will be described in detail. Will be described in detail.

  That is, first, as shown in FIG. 7A, the excavated mud soil in the chamber 32 is conveyed from the first screw conveyor 33 to the second screw conveyor 34 with the mud input gate 55 of the pressurizing device 35 opened. Then, it is put into the casing 51 of the pressurizing device 35 through the soil discharge pipe 39. Next, when a predetermined amount of excavated mud mud and sand is introduced into the casing 51, the mud input gate 55 of the pressurizer 35 is closed and the pressurized jack 53 is extended as shown in FIG. 7 (b). Then, the pressure piston 52 is moved to pressurize the excavated mud mud and sand in the casing 51 to separate the water and the gravel. In this case, although the separated moisture contains mud, it is filtered by the filter 54 provided at the tip end discharge of the casing 51 and then discharged to the water supply pipe 63. And sand and gravel.

  Further, during the separation process, the moisture contained in the drilling mud mud and sand is discharged to the water pipe 63 through the filter 54 at the tip of the casing 51 as described above. When compressed, the moisture near the filter 54 is easily pushed out to the water pipe 63, but the clogging between the particles is reduced due to the compression of the muddy earth and sand, and the clogging occurs. It becomes difficult to move between the particles and move to the water pipe 63 side, and sufficient dehydration becomes difficult. Therefore, when the pressure jack 53 is extended at a predetermined pressure and the excavated mud mud and sand in the casing 51 is pressurized and compressed by the pressure piston 52, the water in the mud mud and sand in the vicinity of the filter 54 is appropriately passed through the filter 54 to the water pipe 63. Since the earth and sand in the vicinity of the filter 54 discharged and remaining in the casing 51 are surely separated into moisture and become gravel, only the surely dehydrated gravel is discharged to the outside.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 8 (a), when the excavation mud / sand in the casing 51 is pressurized by the pressurizing piston 52, in the cutting device 44, the cutting plate 58 moves upward and the lower cutting hole Since 58b is located concentrically at the end of the casing 51, dewatered gravel is filled in the cutout hole 58b. Therefore, in this state, when the cut-out jack 59 is extended and the cut-out plate 58 is moved downward, the cut-out hole 58b filled with gravel is located outside the casing 51 as shown in FIG. On the other hand, the empty cutout hole 58 a moves into the casing 51. Then, by extending the lower extrusion jack 60b with respect to the cutout hole 58b filled with gravel, the extruded plate 62b enters the cutout hole 58b as shown in FIG. The gravel is pushed outward and discharged, and the extruded gravel is received by the lower earth and sand transport cart 70.

  On the other hand, when the cutout plate 58 moves and the cutout hole 58a is located inside the casing 51, the pressurizing jack 53 is continuously extended at a predetermined pressure. The mud and sand are further compressed and filled in the cutout hole 58a, and the water separated from the compressed earth and sand is discharged to the water supply pipe 63 through the filter 54. Become. Therefore, this time, the cutout plate 58 is moved upward to move the cutout hole 58a filled with the upper gravel away from the casing 51, while the gravel is pushed out and the cutout hole 58ba is emptied. In the same manner as described above, the extrusion jack 60a is extended and the gravel in the cutout hole 58ab is pushed outward by the pusher plate 62a and discharged, while the cutout hole 58b is formed inside the casing 51. Move and fill with earth and sand. By repeating this operation, the mud mud and sand in the casing 51 is dehydrated while being pressurized and compressed as needed, so that it is separated into moisture and gravel, and the gravel is cut out and discharged by a predetermined amount.

  By the way, in this tunnel excavation work, the face is stabilized by the pressurized water by supplying water to the chamber 32 and maintaining the pressurized state. For this reason, the chamber 32 is provided with a soil pressure sensor (not shown), and the pressurizing devices 35 to 38 are used for excavating mud mud and sand so that the pressure in the chamber 32 becomes a predetermined pressure based on the detection result of the soil pressure sensor. The water separated from the water is returned to the chamber 32.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the moisture separated by the pressurizing devices 35 to 38 is once sent to the squeeze pump 64 through the water supply pipe 63, and the chamber 32 is passed through the water supply pipe 65 by the squeeze pump 64. Can be sent to. In this case, since the returned water is filtered by each filtration filter 54, mud is not returned to the chamber 32 and the soil removal efficiency is not lowered. And the moisture separated from the drilling mud mud and sand is returned to the chamber 32 and maintained in a pressurized state, so that the face is stabilized, and it is not necessary to add a mud additive such as bentonite to the drilled mud mud and sand. . Furthermore, the separated water may be returned to the surrounding formation by returning to the surrounding formation by opening the on-off valve 67 without returning the separated water to the chamber 32.

  As described above, in the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment, the first and second screw conveyors 33 and 34 are connected to the chamber 32 formed in the excavator body 11, and the rear end portion of the second screw conveyor 32 is connected. While connecting pressure devices 35-38 as pressure filtration devices, and providing cutting devices 43-46 for cutting out the gravel as solids compressed by the pressure devices 35-38 by a predetermined amount, The water supply pipes 64 and 65 for returning the separated water to the chamber 32 are connected to the pressurizing devices 35 to 38.

  When the excavated mud mud and sand generated by the excavation work is taken into the chamber 32, it is conveyed rearward by the first and second screw conveyors 33 and 34, and the excavated mud mud and sand is pressurized by the pressurizing devices 35 to 38 to And the gravel separated by the cutting devices 43 to 46 are cut out and discharged by a predetermined amount and transported to the ground by the earth and sand carrying cart 70, while only the separated water is returned to the chamber 32.

  Therefore, it is also necessary to separate the muddy earth and sand from water and solid matter by separating from the muddy earth and sand for a predetermined use, that is, by cutting out and discharging only the gravel that has become solid. Therefore, it is easy to transport the solid material, and the sediment processing efficiency can be improved.

  In addition, there is no need for a drainage facility such as a drainage pump or a drainage pipe to discharge the excavated mud / sand that contains moisture to the ground, making the entire drainage facility compact and reducing the equipment cost. can do. In addition, an additive such as bentonite added to secure the fluidity of the excavated mud soil in the chamber 32 becomes unnecessary, and it is not necessary to treat the separated gravel as industrial waste, thereby reducing the processing cost. Can be reused.

  Further, the pressurizing devices 35 to 38 include a cylindrical casing 51, a pressurizing piston 52 and a pressurizing jack 53 that are movably provided in the casing 51, and a filter 54 that is attached to the tip of the casing 51. The cutting plate 58 of the cutting devices 43 to 46 is provided adjacent to the filter 54. Therefore, the apparatus can be simplified and the equipment cost can be reduced, and the gravel just before the filter 54 is cut out, so that only the dehydrated solid matter can be discharged reliably.

  In addition, in the above-mentioned Example, although the four pressurization apparatuses 35-38 were connected with the rear-end part of the 2nd screw conveyor 34, intermittent operation is carried out using one pressurization apparatus according to the generation amount of excavation mud mud and sand. Alternatively, continuous operation may be performed using five or more pressure devices. Moreover, although comprised with this pressurization apparatus 35-38 casing 51, the pressurization piston 52, the pressurization jack 53, the filter 54, etc., it is not limited to this structure.

  The earth and sand treatment apparatus, tunnel excavator and excavation method according to the present invention separate muddy earth and sand generated in ground excavation work into moisture and solid matter, and cut out and discharge the solid matter by a predetermined amount. Regardless of the construction, it can be applied to ground excavation work that contains a lot of water. Even in tunnel construction, the tunnel excavator can be either a mud or mud pressure shield excavator or a tunnel boring machine. It can also be applied to other excavators.

It is a top view of the earth-and-sand processing apparatus mounted in the muddy-type tunnel excavator which concerns on one Example of this invention. It is a front view of the earth and sand processing apparatus of a present Example. FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. 1. It is IV-IV sectional drawing of FIG. It is the schematic of the earth and sand cutting device of a present Example. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the muddy tunnel excavator of a present Example. It is the schematic showing the tunnel excavation method by the muddy tunnel excavator of a present Example. It is the schematic showing the tunnel excavation method by the muddy tunnel excavator of a present Example.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Excavator main body 12 Cutter head 16 Rotation motor 18 Shield jack 20 Elector apparatus 32 Chamber 33 1st screw conveyor 34 2nd screw conveyor 35, 36, 37, 38 Pressurization apparatus (pressure filtration means)
39, 40, 41, 42 Earth discharging gate 43, 44, 45, 46 Cutting device 51 Casing 52 Pressure piston 53 Pressure jack 54 Filter 58 Cutting plate 58a, 58b Cutting hole 59 Cutting jack 60a, 60b Extrusion Jack 62a, 62b Extrusion plate 63, 65 Water supply pipe

Claims (10)

  Pressurizing filtration means that pressurizes muddy earth and sand and separates it into moisture and solids, solids cutting means for cutting out a predetermined amount of solids compressed by the pressure filtration means, and the pressure filtration means An earth and sand treatment apparatus comprising a drainage means for discharging separated water.   2. The earth and sand treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the solid material cutting unit includes a storage unit that stores a part of the solid material compressed by the pressure filtration unit, and the storage unit is a solid material storage position. An earth and sand treatment apparatus, which is supported movably at a solid part discharge position.   2. The earth and sand treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pressure filtration means includes a cylindrical casing for supplying muddy earth and sand, a pressure piston movably provided on one end side of the casing, and the casing. And a filter attached to the end side, wherein the solid material cutting means is provided adjacent to the filter.   4. The earth and sand treatment apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the solid material cutting means includes a cut plate supported so as to be movable in a direction intersecting the casing, and is formed in the cut plate and communicates with the inside of the casing. The earth and sand processing apparatus characterized by having the accommodating part which accommodates a solid substance in the position which carried out.   5. The earth and sand treatment apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising an extruding means for extruding a solid material accommodated in the accommodating portion when the cutting plate moves and the accommodating portion moves outward of the casing. Sediment processing equipment characterized by that.   The pair of earth and sand treatment apparatuses according to claim 1 are arranged in a straight line so that the solid material cutting means are opposed to each other, and a solid material conveyance carriage is movably supported below each solid material cutting means. Tunnel excavator characterized by that.   A sludge pipe that discharges the excavated mud mud and sand of the face, a pressure filtration means that pressurizes the excavated mud mud and sand discharged from the mud pipe and separates it into moisture and solids, and a compressed by the pressure filtration means A tunnel excavator comprising a solid material cutting means for cutting out a predetermined amount of the solid material, and a water supply pipe for returning the water separated by the pressure filtration means to the face.   8. The tunnel excavator according to claim 7, wherein the pressure filtration means is provided in a cylindrical casing connected to the mud pipe to supply excavated mud mud and sand and movably on one end side of the casing. A pressure piston, and a filter mounted on the other end side of the casing, and the solid material cutting means is supported by a filter that is movably supported adjacent to the filter in a direction intersecting the casing. A tunnel excavator, comprising: a take-out plate; and a housing portion that is formed in the cut-out plate and accommodates solid matter at a position communicating with the inside of the casing.   9. The tunnel excavator according to claim 8, further comprising an extruding means for extruding a solid material accommodated in the accommodating portion when the cutting plate moves and the accommodating portion moves outward of the casing. Tunnel excavator characterized by that. The excavated mud mud and sand generated at the face is discharged backward, the excavated mud mud and sand is pressurized to separate it into moisture and solids, and the compressed solids are cut out several times each while separating them. A tunnel excavation method characterized in that excavation is performed by returning the generated moisture to the face.

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