JP2005130626A - Generator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an easy-to-assemble generator capable of reducing the manufacturing cost. <P>SOLUTION: The generator comprises a rotating shaft being coupled to the torque generating side, a rotor rotatably fixed to the rotating shaft, a clutch provided between the rotating shaft and the rotor, a housing for containing the rotary shaft, the rotor and the spring clutch, and a stator disposed oppositely to the rotor, while being fixed to the housing. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a rotating shaft connected to the torque generating side, a rotor that can rotate as the rotating shaft rotates, a clutch provided between the rotating shaft and the rotor, and the rotating shaft. In particular, the present invention relates to a power generation device that includes a housing that accommodates the like and a stator that is attached to the housing and is provided so as to face the rotor.

  A conventional power generator includes an input shaft connected to the torque generating side, an output shaft connected to the input shaft and attached with a rotor, a housing that houses the input shaft, the output shaft, and the rotor, And a stator attached to the housing. In such a power generation device, an attractive force acting between the magnetic poles of the stator core and the permanent magnet of the rotor and the inertial force of the rotor are generated, so the output shaft to which the rotor is attached is rotated. Requires a large torque. Therefore, if the torque is small, it is difficult to shift the output shaft to which the rotor is attached from the stopped state to the rotating state. That is, when the output shaft is in a stopped state, there is a problem that power cannot be generated unless a large torque is generated.

  Therefore, in order to solve the above problem, a power generation device has been developed in which a clutch is provided between an input shaft connected to the torque generation side and an output shaft to which a rotor is attached (for example, Patent Document 1). In such a power generator, when the input shaft is below a predetermined rotational speed, the input shaft and the output shaft are disconnected, and when the input shaft reaches the predetermined rotational speed, the input shaft and the output shaft Is in a connected state. Therefore, when only a small torque is generated, the input shaft rotates but the output shaft does not rotate. On the other hand, when a large torque is generated and the input shaft reaches a predetermined number of rotations, the input shaft and the output shaft are connected, so the output shaft with the rotor attached must be shifted from the stopped state to the rotating state. Can do.

  However, in the power generation device described in Patent Document 1, a so-called centering step is required to assemble the torque-side input shaft and the output shaft to which the rotor is attached at the time of assembly, which makes it difficult to assemble. . In addition, there is a problem that the cost is increased by requiring this centering step. Further, since the input shaft and the output shaft are separate parts, the cost is further increased.

JP-A-8-312523

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a power generator that can be easily assembled and can be manufactured at low cost.

Means and effects for solving the problems

  In the present invention, the following features are provided alone or in combination as appropriate. A power generator according to the present invention for solving the above problems includes a rotating shaft connected to a torque generating side, a rotor rotatably attached to the rotating shaft, and between the rotating shaft and the rotor. And a housing for housing the rotating shaft, the rotor, and the clutch, and a stator attached to the housing and provided to face the rotor. To do. According to this power generator, since the rotor is rotatably attached to the rotating shaft connected to the torque generating side, it does not become separate parts like the input shaft and the output shaft, and the centering process is performed at the time of assembly. The cost can be reduced. Further, it can be easily assembled, and further cost reduction can be achieved.

  Here, the “rotor rotatably attached to the rotating shaft” is a concept including a member attached via a member other than the clutch. For example, a clutch may be provided between an input sleeve having a rotary shaft fitted into the hollow portion with an interference fit, and an output sleeve that is rotatably attached to the hollow portion and integrated with the rotor. It is done.

  In addition, the “housing for housing the rotating shaft, the rotor, and the spring clutch” is not limited to a housing structure, and includes one having an upper or lower surface or a side surface that is open, or a frame structure. . That is, it is only necessary that the rotating shaft and the stator can be supported.

  The clutch has one end fixed to either the rotation shaft or the rotor and the other end fixed to the other one of the rotation shaft or the rotor in the rotation direction; and the spring And a latch device that releases the tightening by the spring to either the rotating shaft or the rotor by electrical control. . Generally, a friction clutch is used as the clutch, but the clutch tends to increase in size in order to increase the friction surface. On the other hand, according to the above invention, since either the rotating shaft or the rotor is tightened in the rotating direction by the spring, the size can be reduced.

  Further, since the latch device that releases the tightening by the spring to the other one of the rotating shaft and the rotor by electrical control is provided, the power is supplied when the rotating shaft and the rotor are connected. do not need. That is, since the power supply device according to the present invention is intended for power generation, the rotating shaft connected to the torque side is in a stopped state or a time longer than the predetermined rotational speed than the predetermined rotational speed. Is overwhelmingly longer. Therefore, when the rotating shaft and the rotor are connected, power supply is not required, so that power saving can be achieved.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said electric power generating apparatus is provided with the detection means for detecting the rotation of the said rotating shaft in the said rotating shaft. Since the connection / disconnection of the rotating shaft and the rotor can be switched according to the number of rotations of the rotating shaft, an operation with less power generation loss can be performed.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said electric power generating apparatus is provided with the brake device for suppressing rotation of the said rotating shaft between the said rotating shaft and the said housing. Since the power generation apparatus using wind power or hydraulic power as a power source uses natural power to the last, the torque may increase rapidly. In such a case, for example, there is a concern about failure of components constituting the power generation device, such as damage to the bearing of the rotating shaft and dropping of the blade attached to the rotating shaft. Therefore, by providing a brake device for suppressing the rotation of the rotating shaft when the rotating shaft becomes larger than a predetermined number of rotations, it is possible to prevent a failure of the components constituting the power generation device.

  Hereinafter, a wind turbine generator that is used as a suitable application for the power generator according to the present invention will be specifically described as an example. Fig.1 (a) is a top view of the generator 1 for wind power generators, and FIG.1 (b) is a front sectional view of the generator 1 for wind power generators similarly. In FIG. 1, a generator 1 for a wind power generator includes a rotation shaft 2, a rotor 3, a stator 4, a spring clutch 5, a housing 6, and a detection device for detecting the number of rotations of the rotation shaft 2. 7, a brake device 8 for forcibly suppressing the rotation of the rotary shaft 2, and bearings 9, 10, 11, and 12.

  The rotating shaft 2 rotates in a certain direction when a blade (not shown) receives wind, and is rotatably supported by bearings 9 and 10 fixed to a housing 6 described later.

  The rotor 3 has a shape extending in a substantially T shape from the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion into which the rotation shaft 2 can be inserted into the hollow portion, substantially perpendicular to the outer peripheral surface, and rotates with respect to the rotation shaft 2. It is freely supported by bearings 9 and 10 in the hollow portion. By making the rotor 3 have such a shape, the moment of inertia when rotating from the stopped state can be reduced. However, the shape of the rotor 3 is not limited to this, as long as it can face the stator 4 and generate an induced current when rotated along with the rotating shaft 2.

  The spring clutch 5 is provided between the rotary shaft 2 and the rotor 3 and is configured to be freely connectable between the rotary shaft 2 and the rotor 3. The detailed configuration will be described later.

  The housing 6 includes a pair of holding plates 13 that are rotatably supported by bearings 9 and 10 on both sides of the rotating shaft 2 with the rotor 3 interposed therebetween, and six struts 14 that connect the pair of holding plates 13 to each other. Each component such as the rotor 3 and the stator 4 is accommodated. The housing 6 has a role of fixing the rotating shaft 2 and a stator 4 (to be described later) in addition to storing each component. The shape of the housing 6 is not limited as long as the rotating shaft 2 and the stator 4 can be fixed. For example, a box-shaped housing structure, a frame structure, or a structure in which a part of the upper and lower surfaces or side surfaces is opened may be used.

  The stator 4 is formed by winding a coil around the inner diameter side of the stator core, and the outer peripheral side has a circular cylindrical shape (hereinafter referred to as “doughnut type”). Here, the stator 4 in the present embodiment is divided into six substantially equally in the circumferential direction in order to make it easy to wind a coil around the stator core. Each of the divided stators 4 a is disposed at a position facing the rotor 3. Moreover, the support | pillar 14 engaged with each stator 4a is arrange | positioned in the substantially center part of the circumferential direction in the outer peripheral surface of each divided | segmented stator 4a. That is, one support column 14 is arranged for each stator 4a. In this way, the donut-shaped stator 4 is divided into six parts, and the pillars 14 are arranged and fixed at substantially the center in the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface thereof, so that the housing 6 can be significantly reduced in weight. Further, assembly can be easily performed. Here, the present invention is not limited to the arrangement of one support column 14 for each stator 4a, and two or more support columns 14 are arranged for each stator 4a. Also good.

  The support column 14 has a stepped shape having a large-diameter portion 14a and a small-diameter portion 14b having a slightly smaller diameter than the large-diameter portion 14a, and is engaged with each stator 4 by the small-diameter portion 14b. In addition, since the support | pillar 14 becomes a shape which opposes the rotor 3 by assembling so that each stator 4a may be arrange | positioned at the small diameter part 14b of the support | pillar 14, an assembly is easy. In this embodiment, the shape of the support column 14 is a stepped shape having a large-diameter portion 14a and a small-diameter portion 14b having a slightly smaller diameter than the large-diameter portion 14a. A part corresponding to 14b may be formed in a linear shape, an arc shape along the outer peripheral shape of the stator 4, or a square shape, and a fitting portion may be formed.

  Moreover, if each stator 4a of the small diameter part 14b of the two support | pillars 14 on the diagonal line with respect to the axial center O when each stator 4a is not arrange | positioned is arrange | positioned, it has been fitted. The length L connecting the engaging portions will be slightly smaller than the outer diameter when the stators 4a divided into six parts are combined so that the outer peripheral surface is circular. Therefore, the support column 14 spreads outward (outer diameter side centered on the axis O) from the connection portion of each of the pair of holding plates 13 in a state where the stator 4a is engaged with the small diameter portion 14b of the support column 14. Will be located. Therefore, when each stator 4a is fixed with the support | pillar 14, since the force which each stator 4a and the support | pillar 14 press mutually generate | occur | produces, even if each stator 4a is divided into 6 parts, each stator 4a does not cause a positional shift. Further, by providing the bolt hole 15 in the small-diameter portion 14b of the support column 14 and fixing the stator 4a so as to be pushed into the inner diameter side with the bolt 16, each stator 4a is fixed to the support column 14 more firmly. It becomes. Here, since the holding plate 13 has the step portion 36, the concentricity of each stator 4 a and the rotating shaft 2 is ensured by pushing the support column 14 toward the axis O with the bolt 16. In the present embodiment, the stator 4 is divided into six parts. However, if the stator 4 is divided into three or more parts, the housing 6 can be greatly reduced in weight and assembled easily.

  The detection device 7 for detecting the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 2 includes a photoelectric sensor 30 that detects the rotational speed, and a plate-like detected part 31 that rotates as the rotary shaft 2 rotates. . The photoelectric sensor 30 is composed of a light emitting side that emits infrared light and a light receiving side that receives infrared light emitted from the light emitting side, and the detected portion 31 of the photoelectric sensor 30 is rotated when the rotating shaft 2 rotates. It is fixed to the rotating shaft 2 side so as to pass between the light emitting side and the light receiving side. When the detected part 31 passes between the light emitting side and the light receiving side of the photoelectric sensor 30, the light receiving side of the photoelectric sensor 30 is blocked from receiving infrared rays emitted from the light emitting side, so that the detected part 31 has passed. Can be detected. The detection result is constantly monitored by a control unit (not shown). The detection device 7 is composed of the photoelectric sensor 30 and the detected portion 31 and is simple and low-cost. However, the detection device 7 is not limited to this, and other detection devices can be used as long as the number of rotations of the rotary shaft 2 can be calculated. It may be a device.

  The brake device 8 includes a pressing pad 32 and a screw shaft 33. The pressing pad 32 is attached to the tip of the screw shaft 33, and the screw shaft 33 is configured to reciprocate in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the rotary shaft 2 by a command from a control unit (not shown). . Therefore, the force with which the pressing pad 32 presses the peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 2 changes according to the distance between the pressing pad 32 and the peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 2. The configuration of the brake device 8 is not limited to this, and any configuration may be used as long as the torque can be generated in the opposite direction to the torque generated on the rotating shaft 2 and the rotation of the rotating shaft 2 can be suppressed. .

  Next, the configuration of the spring clutch 5 will be described. The spring clutch 5 includes a spring device 17 and a latch device 18. Further, the spring device 17 includes an input side sleeve 19, an output side sleeve 20, and a spring 21. 2 is a front sectional view of the spring device 17, FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the spring 21 in the spring device 17, and FIG. 4 is a plan view of the latch device 18.

  First, the configuration of the spring device 17 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. The input side sleeve 19 is fitted in the hollow portion thereof with the rotary shaft 2 with an interference fit. Therefore, when the rotating shaft 2 rotates, the input side sleeve 19 rotates integrally with the rotating shaft 2. The output sleeve 20 is rotatably supported on the rotary shaft 2 by the bearing 11 on the inner diameter side thereof, and is fixed to the rotor 3 illustrated in FIG. Therefore, when the output side sleeve 20 rotates, the rotor 3 rotates together with the output side sleeve 20. As shown in FIG. 3, the spring 21 is a coil-shaped spring 21, and at one end thereof, there is a protrusion 22 protruding in the outer diameter direction of the spring 21. Returning to FIG. 2, the other end of the spring 21 opposite to the protrusion 22 is fixed to the output side sleeve 20, and the rotation direction of the rotary shaft 2 is set on the outer peripheral side of the input side sleeve 19 and the output side sleeve 20. It is arranged to be tightened with. Therefore, in FIG. 2, the protrusion 22 of the spring 21 is located on the outer peripheral side of the input side sleeve 19.

  FIG. 4 is a plan view of the latch device 18. The latch device 18 includes a solenoid 23, a plunger 24, a spring pin 25, and an actuator 26. The solenoid 23 reciprocates the plunger 24 in the longitudinal direction by repeating excitation and demagnetization by electrical control. In addition, the plunger 24 in FIG. 4 has shown the position in which the solenoid 23 is an excitation state. The plunger 24 is provided with a pin 29, and the solenoid 23 and the actuator 26 are arranged at positions where the pin 29 and the arm portion 27 of the actuator can be engaged with each other. The actuator 26 is configured to be rotatable about a spring pin 25 that is biased in a clockwise direction when viewed from the front of the page. Therefore, a clockwise force is always generated in the actuator 26 as viewed from the front of the paper surface, and the clockwise rotation is restricted by the stopper 35. On the other hand, the rotary shaft 2 rotates clockwise as viewed from the front of the paper surface, and the spring 21 is fastened to the outer peripheral side of the input side sleeve 19 by clockwise rotation as viewed from the front of the paper surface of the rotary shaft 2. . The projecting portion 22 of the spring 21 draws a track L having a radius R from the shaft center O to the projecting portion 22 with the shaft center O as a fulcrum. Here, the tip 28 of the actuator when the solenoid 23 is energized is disposed at a position where the track L overlaps with the axis O as a fulcrum. When the solenoid 23 is in a demagnetized state, the tip 28 of the actuator is avoided outside the track L with the axis O as a fulcrum (that is, opposite to the axis O).

  By providing the aforementioned spring clutch 5 between the rotary shaft 2 and the rotor 3, the rotor 3 can be rotatably attached to the rotary shaft 2 connected to the torque generating side. There is a great effect in that no process is required, cost reduction, ease of assembly, and miniaturization can be achieved. However, it goes without saying that the rotor 3 can be rotatably attached to the rotating shaft 2 connected to the torque generating side without using the spring clutch 5.

  Next, the operation in which the rotating shaft 2 and the rotor 3 are switched from the connected state to the disconnected state will be described. A plurality of blades (not shown) that rotate in the rotation direction of the rotation shaft 2 by wind are fixed above the rotation shaft 2 as viewed from the front of the drawing. In addition, the rotation direction of the rotating shaft 2 by a wind always becomes the same rotation direction by the shape of a blade | wing. Further, the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 2 is always detected by the detection device 7, and when there is no wind, or when there is little wind and the rotary shaft 2 is smaller than the predetermined rotational speed, the rotary shaft 2 and the rotor 3 are not connected. Connected. Therefore, the rotor 3 does not rotate with the rotation of the rotating shaft 2. On the other hand, when the detecting device 7 detects that the blade has received wind and the rotational shaft 2 has reached a predetermined rotational speed or more, the rotational shaft 2 and the rotor 3 are connected, and the rotational shaft 2 is rotated. Accordingly, the rotor 3 rotates. As a result, an induced current is generated between the rotor 3 and the stator 4 disposed so as to face the rotor 3, and power is generated.

  Here, the operation in which the rotating shaft 2 and the rotor 3 are switched from the connected state to the disconnected state is an operation of the spring clutch 5 provided between the rotating shaft 2 and the rotor 3, more specifically, the latch device 18. It is performed by the operation of. In FIG. 4, when the solenoid 23 is in a demagnetized state, the plunger 24 moves in the longitudinal direction as viewed from the front of the paper, so that the actuator 26 is viewed from the front of the paper with the spring pin 25 as a fulcrum. Operates clockwise. At this time, the tip 28 of the actuator is avoided outside the track L with the axis O as a fulcrum. As a result, the spring 21 is fastened to the outer peripheral side of the input side sleeve 19 by clockwise rotation as viewed from the front of the surface of the rotary shaft 2, and the rotary shaft 2 and the rotor 3 are connected to each other. The rotor 3 rotates with the rotation. On the other hand, when the solenoid 23 is energized, the plunger 24 moves in the longitudinal direction of the plunger 24 as viewed from the front of the paper surface, so that the actuator 26 counterclockwise as viewed from the front of the paper surface with the spring pin 25 as a fulcrum. Operates around. At this time, the distal end portion 28 of the actuator is arranged at a position where the track L overlaps with the axis O as a fulcrum. As a result, it collides with the protrusion 22 of the spring 21, the tightening by the spring 21 to the input side sleeve 19 is released, and the rotating shaft 2 and the rotor 3 are disconnected. Therefore, the rotor 3 does not rotate with the rotating shaft 2.

  The operation in which the rotating shaft 2 and the rotor 3 are switched from the connected state to the disconnected state is performed based on the detection result of the detection device 7. That is, a control unit (not shown) constantly monitors the detection of the detected part 31 by the photoelectric sensor 30 of the detection device 7, and based on the number of times the detected part 31 passes the photoelectric sensor 30 within a predetermined time, the rotating shaft 2. The number of rotations is calculated. When the calculated rotation speed of the rotary shaft 2 becomes smaller than a preset rotation speed, the solenoid 23 of the latch device 18 is excited. As a result, as described above, the tip 28 of the actuator collides with the protrusion 22 of the spring 21, the tightening by the spring 21 to the input side sleeve 19 is released, and the rotating shaft 2 and the rotor 3 are not connected. It becomes.

  The operation of switching the rotating shaft 2 and the rotor 3 from the non-connected state to the connected state is also performed based on the detection result of the detecting device 7 as described above. That is, when the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 2 becomes larger than a preset rotational speed, the solenoid 23 of the latch device 18 is demagnetized. As a result, the tip 28 of the actuator is avoided outside the track L with the axis O as a fulcrum, so that the input side sleeve 19 is tightened by the spring 21 and the rotating shaft 2 and the rotor 3 are connected. .

  As described above, the connection state between the rotary shaft 2 and the rotor 3 is switched in a small capacity power generation device that generates power using natural forces such as wind power or hydraulic power. This is because the rotation of the motor may stop. If the rotary shaft 2 and the rotor 3 are in the connected state up to such a case, a large moment of inertia is generated due to the rotation stop of the rotary shaft 2, so that the rotary shaft 2 remains stopped unless a strong wind blows. It becomes the state of. Therefore, when the rotating shaft 2 is smaller than the predetermined number of rotations, the rotating shaft 2 and the rotor 3 are disconnected from each other, so that the rotating shaft 2 can be rotated even with slight wind power or hydraulic power. It is. Furthermore, when the rotating shaft 2 becomes larger than the predetermined number of rotations, the rotating shaft 2 and the rotor 3 are connected to each other so that the rotating shaft 2 rotates together with the rotating shaft 2 by utilizing the moment of inertia due to the rotation of the rotating shaft 2. The child 3 is rotated.

  Next, the brake device 8 will be described. The pressing pad 32 in the brake device 8 is normally disposed at a position where the rotating shaft 2 is not pressed. When the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 2 detected by the detection device 7 becomes larger than the predetermined rotational speed N1, the control unit (not shown) causes the screw shaft 33 to move in the direction in which the pressing pad 32 presses the rotary shaft 2. Command to move. Here, since the control unit constantly monitors the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 2, the pressing pad 32 presses the rotary shaft 2 until the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 2 becomes smaller than the predetermined rotational speed N2. It continues to instruct the screw shaft 33 to move. When the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 2 becomes smaller than a predetermined rotational speed N2, the movement of the screw shaft 33 is stopped and held in that state. From this point, when the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 2 becomes further smaller than the predetermined rotational speed N3, the screw shaft 33 is moved in a direction opposite to the direction in which the pressing pad 32 presses the rotary shaft 2. Note that the predetermined rotation speeds N1, N2, and N3 in the present embodiment are appropriately changed depending on the strength of the components that constitute the power generation device.

  In addition, although this invention is described in said preferable embodiment, this invention is not restrict | limited only to it. It will be understood that various other embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

  For example, in this embodiment, although the generator for wind power generators was explained, it is not restricted to this. For example, the power source need not be wind power, but may be hydraulic. Further, the rotation axis may be a vertical type or a horizontal type.

(A) The top view of the generator for wind power generators concerning this invention, (b) It is a front sectional view. It is a front sectional view of a spring device according to the present invention. It is a perspective view of the spring in the spring apparatus concerning this invention. It is a top view of the latch apparatus concerning this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Generator for wind power generators 2 Rotating shaft 3 Rotor 4 Stator 4a Stator core 5 Holding plate 6 Strut 6a Large diameter part 6b of strut Small diameter part 6c Straight notch 6d Arc-shaped notch 7-10 Bearing DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Connection part 12 Bolt hole 13 Bolt 14 Spring clutch 15 Detection apparatus 16 Brake apparatus 17 Spring apparatus 18 Latch apparatus 19 Input side sleeve 20 Output side sleeve 21 Spring 22 Bolt 23 Sensor 24 Detected part

Claims (4)

  A rotating shaft coupled to the torque generating side, a rotor rotatably attached to the rotating shaft, a clutch provided between the rotating shaft and the rotor, the rotating shaft, the rotor, and A power generation device comprising: a housing that houses a clutch; and a stator that is attached to the housing and is provided to face the rotor.   The clutch has one end fixed to either the rotating shaft or the rotor and the other end fixed to the other of the rotating shaft or the rotor in the rotation direction; 2. A spring clutch comprising: a latch device that is engageable with an end and releases a tightening by the spring to either the rotating shaft or the rotor by electrical control. Power generator.   The power generator according to claim 2, wherein the rotating shaft includes detection means for detecting rotation of the rotating shaft.   The power generator according to claim 3, wherein a brake device for suppressing rotation of the rotary shaft is provided between the rotary shaft and the housing.

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