JP2005111638A - Stepped end mill, and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a suitable rake angle for cutting edges of both small diameter section and stepped section, in a stepped end mill having a cutting edge section having a small diameter section having a small cutting edge outer diameter and a stepped section having a large cutting edge outer diameter. <P>SOLUTION: The tip of the end mill body 1 rotated about the axis O is provided with a cutting edge section 3 having the small diameter section having a cutting edge with a small outer diameter d and the stepped section 7 having a cutting edge 6 having the large outer diameter continuing from the cutting edge. The rake surface of the small diameter section is formed on a bending surface bending on the cut surface orthogonal to the axis O. The inner peripheral side of the rake surface 10 of the stepped section 7 is set as a bending surface continuously bending on the rake surface of the small diameter section, and the outer peripheral side thereof is bent in the opposite direction via a bending point Q on the cut surface orthogonal to the axis with respect to extension surface to the outer peripheral side of the bending surface formed of the inner peripheral side of the rake surface 10. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a stepped end mill in which a cutting edge portion including a small diameter portion having a small outer diameter and a stepped portion having a continuously large outer diameter is formed at the tip portion of the end mill main body and its manufacture. It is about the method.

As this type of stepped end mill, for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, for processing a scroll member of a scroll compressor, a first blade provided with a cutting blade for cutting the bottom and side surfaces of the key groove of the scroll member; The second cutting blade, which is formed in a stepped shape inclined at the upper part of the first blade, has a diameter larger than that of the first blade, and has a cutting blade for cutting the chamfered portion of the key groove, is integrated with the second cutting blade. It is known what has been configured. Therefore, according to such a stepped end mill, cutting of the chamfered portions of the bottom surface, the side surface, and the upper end surface of the key groove can be performed with one end mill.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-139074

  By the way, in the end mill in which the cutting edge is configured integrally with the body of the end mill as described above, generally, the rake face of the cutting edge is recessed rearward in the rotational direction with respect to the rotational direction of the end mill body in a cross section perpendicular to the axis. The rake angle of the cutting edge is set to the positive side, that is, the rake face is inward from the cutting edge with respect to the straight line connecting the cutting edge and the axis in the cross section. As it goes to the circumferential side, it goes to the rear side in the rotation direction, and sharpness is given to the cutting edge to reduce cutting resistance. However, depending on cutting conditions, etc., the rake face may be curved and formed in a convex shape that is convex in the rotation direction of the end mill body, and the rake angle is set to the negative angle side so that the cutting edge angle of the cutting edge and In some cases, the cutting edge strength is ensured.

  However, in the stepped end mill described in Patent Literature 1, when the rake face is curved in a concave shape and the rake angle of the cutting edge is set to the positive side, for example, the outer diameter of the cutting edge becomes a small diameter. In the second cutting edge constructed integrally with this first blade, if the rake face curvature that connects to the cutting blade is set so that the rake angle is an appropriate size on the first blade side. The rake face is extended as it is and is continued to the second cutting edge where the outer diameter of the cutting edge becomes large, and the rake angle becomes too large on the positive angle side with this second cutting edge, Conversely, the cutting edge angle of the second cutting edge is reduced and the cutting edge strength is impaired. As a result, the second cutting edge is damaged during cutting, and the end mill life may be significantly shortened. On the other hand, if the curvature of the rake face is set so that an appropriate rake angle is given to the second cutting edge, the rake angle will be on the negative angle side for the first blade with a small diameter. As a result, the sharpness of the blade becomes dull and the cutting resistance increases.

  The present invention was made under such a background, and a cutting edge portion including a small diameter portion having a small cutting blade outer diameter and a stepped portion having a large cutting blade outer diameter as described above is formed. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a stepped end mill capable of giving an appropriate rake angle to the cutting edges of both the small diameter portion and the stepped portion. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing a stepped end mill that can be easily manufactured without requiring a complicated process.

  In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve such an object, the stepped end mill of the present invention includes a small-diameter portion having a small outer diameter cutting edge at a tip portion of an end mill body rotated around an axis, A stepped end mill comprising a cutting edge portion having a stepped portion having a cutting edge having a larger outer diameter than the small diameter portion, and a rake face of the small diameter portion. Is formed on a curved surface that is curved in a cross section orthogonal to the axis, and the rake face of the stepped portion is a curved surface that continuously curves on the inner peripheral side of the rake face of the small diameter portion, and the outer periphery. The side is formed so as to bend in an opposite direction via an inflection point in a cross section perpendicular to the axis with respect to an extended surface to the outer peripheral side of the curved surface formed by the inner peripheral side of the rake face.

  Therefore, for example, as described above, when the rake face of the small diameter portion is formed in a concave shape on the rear side in the rotational direction of the end mill body, and the rake angle of the cutting edge is a positive angle, The rake face is curved and formed in a convex shape in the rotational direction of the end mill main body via an inflection point with respect to an extension surface of the concave curved surface formed by the rake face of the small diameter portion toward the outer peripheral side. Conversely, when the rake face of the small diameter portion is convexly curved in the direction of rotation of the end mill body, the rake face of the stepped portion is positioned on the rear side in the direction of rotation of the end mill body via the inflection point. A concave curve is formed. The difference between the rake angle of the cutting edge in the small diameter portion and the rake angle of the cutting edge in the stepped portion is preferably within 3 °.

In addition, the manufacturing method of the stepped end mill of the present invention,
A chip discharge groove that is twisted around the axis from the small diameter part to the stepped part is formed on the outer periphery of the cutting edge part, and the outer periphery of the disc-shaped grindstone that is rotated around the central axis is formed on the chip discharge groove. The stepped end mill for forming the rake face is formed by inserting the chip discharge groove into the chip discharge groove so as to substantially follow the twist of the chip and grinding the wall surface of the chip discharge groove facing the rotation direction of the end mill body. In the portion of the small-diameter portion opposite to the stepped portion, the disc-shaped grindstone is relatively moved with respect to the end mill main body while keeping the positional relationship between the axis and the central axis constant. The rake face of the small diameter portion is formed by moving in the axial direction while rotating around the axis according to the twist of the chip discharge groove, and the portion extending from the stepped portion side of the small diameter portion to the stepped portion. Then, as it is the above disk While rotating the grindstone relative to the end mill main body and starting to grind the wall surface facing the end mill main body rotation direction of the chip discharge groove at the stepped portion, the disc-shaped grindstone is placed on the outer peripheral side of the wall surface. The end face is made to interfere, and then the movement of the end mill main body and the disc-shaped grindstone in the relative axial direction is stopped, and the disc-shaped grindstone is relatively moved around the axis with respect to the end mill main body. The rake face of the stepped portion is formed by continuing the rotation or stopping the relative rotation and pulling it up relatively to the outer peripheral side.

  In particular, in a stepped end mill manufactured by such a manufacturing method, the diameter of the core thick circle inscribed in the cross section perpendicular to the axis of the cutting edge portion is opposite to the stepped portion of the small diameter portion. And is gradually increased from the stepped portion side of the small diameter portion to the stepped portion.

  In the stepped end mill of the present invention, even if the rake face of the small-diameter portion having a small cutting edge outer diameter is concavely or convexly curved in a cross section perpendicular to the axis, the rake of the stepped portion having a large cutting edge outer diameter is used. The surface does not reach the cutting edge of the outer peripheral side ridge part while maintaining a large curved state extending the rake face of the small diameter part, and an inflection point with respect to the extended surface extending the curved surface of the small diameter part The direction of the curve is made to be opposite in the middle through the. Therefore, even if the curvature is set so that an appropriate rake angle is given to the cutting edge in the small diameter portion, the rake face of the stepped portion is raked in the small diameter portion toward the outer periphery in the cross section perpendicular to the axis. After the surface is continuously extended in the same direction so that the curvature becomes larger, the curvature is reversed through the inflection point, and the curvature is reduced so that the curvature becomes smaller. Therefore, the rake angle of the cutting edge in the stepped portion does not become excessively larger on the positive angle side or the negative angle side than the small diameter portion.

  For this reason, even if the rake angle of the cutting edge of the small diameter portion is a positive angle as described above and the rake surface is curved concavely on the rear side in the rotation direction of the end mill body, the rake surface of the stepped portion is Since the curved surface formed by the rake face of the small diameter portion is curved in a convex shape in the direction of rotation of the end mill body through the inflection point, the cutting edge of the stepped portion is The rake angle can be prevented from becoming too large on the positive side, and along with this, the edge angle and edge strength of the cutting edge of the stepped portion are secured to prevent chipping during cutting and extend the end mill life. Can be achieved. Conversely, even if the rake face of the small-diameter portion is convexly curved in the direction of rotation of the end mill body, the rake face of the stepped portion is concave toward the rear side in the direction of rotation of the end mill body through the inflection point. Therefore, the rake angle of the cutting edge at this stepped portion can be prevented from becoming too large on the negative angle side, and the cutting edge of the cutting edge can be prevented from becoming dull and the cutting resistance can be reduced. It becomes possible to plan.

  Whether the rake angle of the cutting edge is set to the positive angle side or the negative angle side depends on whether the cutting edge is important or the cutting edge strength is important, depending on the cutting conditions. If the position of the inflection point in the cross section is on the outer peripheral side and is too close to the cutting edge of the stepped part, even if the curvature is in the opposite direction at the inflection point, it is set appropriately according to the cutting conditions. There is a possibility that the rake angle of the cutting edge of the stepped portion cannot be brought close to the rake angle of the cutting edge of the small diameter portion. And if the rake angle of the cutting edge of the stepped portion becomes too large on the positive or negative angle side with respect to the small diameter portion in this way, if the cutting condition is focused on sharpness, the stepped portion is likely to be damaged, and the cutting edge In the case of emphasis on strength, there is a risk of increasing cutting resistance at the stepped portion, so the difference between the rake angle of the cutting edge at the small diameter portion and the rake angle of the cutting edge at the stepped portion is 3 as described above. It is desirable to be within °.

  By the way, in the end mill in which the cutting blades are continuously formed in the end mill body as described above, the outer periphery of the cutting blade portion at the end portion of the end mill body is usually around the axis line from the small diameter portion to the stepped portion. In general, a twisted chip discharge groove is formed, and a wall surface facing the end mill main body rotation direction of the chip discharge groove is formed into a predetermined shape as a rake face. Further, in order to form the wall surface of the chip discharge groove into a predetermined shape in this manner, a disk-shaped grindstone rotated around the central axis is used, and the outer periphery of the disk-shaped grindstone is twisted in the chip discharge groove. It is also common to form the rake face by grinding the wall surface of the chip discharge groove that faces the rotation direction of the end mill body so as to substantially follow the chip discharge groove. While maintaining the positional relationship between the axis of the disc and the central axis of the disc-shaped grindstone, the end mill body moves relative to the disc-shaped grindstone in the axial direction while rotating relative to the twist of the chip discharge groove. By doing so, the rake face is curvedly formed in a concave shape or a convex shape according to the locus of the outer peripheral portion of the disk-shaped grindstone that rotates relatively.

  However, when manufacturing a stepped end mill having the above-described configuration based on such a manufacturing method, for example, the rake face of the small diameter portion is concave, the rake angle of the cutting edge is a positive angle side, and the rake surface outer periphery of the stepped portion is In order to mold the side so as to be curved with an inflection point with respect to the extended surface of the rake face of the small diameter portion, the entire cross section is formed with the entire length of the cutting edge portion extending from the small diameter portion to the stepped portion. It is also possible to form a rake face that is curved in a concave shape, and among these, the outer peripheral side of the rake face of the stepped portion can be formed to be curved by grinding in a subsequent step, but such In the manufacturing method, two steps of grinding are required, which may cause a reduction in manufacturing efficiency.

  Therefore, in the manufacturing method of the present invention, the portion of the small diameter portion on the side opposite to the stepped portion maintains the positional relationship between the axis of the end mill body and the central axis of the disc-shaped grindstone while maintaining a constant disk. A rake face of the small-diameter portion is formed by moving the whetstone in the axial direction while rotating in accordance with the twist of the chip discharge groove relative to the end mill body, while the stepped portion side of the small-diameter portion is formed. In the portion extending from the stepped portion to the stepped portion, the disc-shaped grindstone is rotated and moved relative to the end mill body as it is, and grinding of the wall surface of the stepped portion facing the end mill body rotation direction of the chip discharge groove is started. The end face of the disc-shaped grindstone interferes with the outer peripheral side of the wall surface, and after that, the movement of the disc-shaped grindstone and the end mill body in the relative axial direction is stopped, and the disc-shaped grindstone is moved to the end mill main body. On the other hand, the disc-shaped grinding wheel is pulled up to the outer peripheral side with respect to the end mill main body by pulling up to the outer peripheral side while rotating around the axis or stopping the relative rotation of the disc-shaped grinding stone with respect to the end mill main body. Thus, the rake face of the stepped portion is formed such that the outer peripheral cross section has an inflection point and curves in the direction opposite to the curvature of the small diameter portion. Therefore, according to such a manufacturing method, it is possible to form continuously from the rake face of the small diameter portion to the rake face of the stepped portion by one-step grinding, which is efficient.

  In particular, in the stepped end mill manufactured in this way, the positional relationship between the axis of the end mill body and the central axis of the disc-shaped grindstone is constant in the portion opposite to the stepped portion of the small diameter portion, and the step of the small diameter portion is stepped. In the portion extending from the part side to the stepped part, the relative movement between the end mill body and the disc-shaped grindstone is stopped, and the disc-shaped grindstone is pulled up to the outer peripheral side with respect to the end mill body, thereby The diameter of the core thick circle inscribed in the cross section perpendicular to the axis is constant on the side opposite to the stepped portion of the small diameter portion, and gradually increases from the stepped portion side of the small diameter portion to the stepped portion. It will be made bigger.

  Therefore, according to such a stepped end mill, the outer diameter of the cutting blade is small and the interval between the cutting blades in the circumferential direction is small, that is, in the small diameter portion where it is difficult to secure the groove width of the chip discharging groove, While ensuring the groove depth and obtaining a sufficient chip pocket capacity, conversely as the cutting blade outer diameter increases, the spacing between the cutting edges in the circumferential direction also increases and the groove width of the chip discharge groove is increased. The stepped part that can be widened, while ensuring sufficient chip pocket capacity of the chip discharge groove that continues from the small diameter part, the core thickness circle diameter gradually increases, so that high rigidity can be obtained, and excellent chip discharge performance during cutting The advantage that the machining accuracy can be improved by suppressing the deflection of the cutting edge while maintaining the above is obtained.

  1 to 6 show an embodiment of the stepped end mill of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the end mill body 1 is integrally formed of a hard material such as a cemented carbide, and the rear end portion (the right side portion in FIGS. 1 and 2) has a substantially circular shape with a constant outer diameter around the axis O. A columnar shape is used as a shank portion 2, and a tip end portion (left side portion in FIGS. 1 and 2) is a cutting blade portion 3, which is rotated around an axis O in a rotation direction indicated by a symbol T in the drawing. The cutting blade portion 3 is used for cutting.

  The outer shape of the cutting edge portion 3 is such that the first taper portion gradually decreases in diameter from the shank portion 2 toward the tip side, and the outer diameter thereof toward the tip side, and the tip end of the first taper portion. A first columnar portion having a constant outer diameter, a second taper portion that further gradually decreases in diameter as the outer diameter of the tip of the first columnar portion approaches the tip side, and the second taper The outer diameter of the tip of the part is roughly composed of a second cylindrical part whose diameter is smaller than that of the first cylindrical part, and the cutting edge 4 having a smaller outer diameter is formed in the second cylindrical part. And a stepped portion 7 having a cutting edge 6 having an outer diameter that is continuous with the cutting edge 4 of the small diameter portion 5 is formed in the second cylindrical portion. Yes. Therefore, in this embodiment, the cutting edge 4 of the small diameter portion 5 has a constant outer diameter over the entire length of the small diameter portion 5, while the cutting edge 6 of the stepped portion 7 has a cutting diameter of the cutting edge 4. 4 is formed in the shape of a chamfered blade that gradually increases in diameter at a constant rate from the front end to the rear end side.

  Here, the cutting edge portion 3 is twisted to the rear side in the rotational direction T from the front end of the small diameter portion 5 on the front end side to the first tapered portion on the rear end side toward the rear end side. A plurality of strip discharge grooves 8 (three strips in the present embodiment) are formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and the wall surfaces of the chip discharge grooves 8 facing the rotation direction T are the respective cutting blades 4 and 6. The rake faces 9 and 10, in other words, the outer peripheral side ridges of these rake faces 9 and 10 are the cutting edges 4 and 6, respectively. Further, the outer peripheral surface of the cutting edge portion 3 intersecting with the rake surfaces 9 and 10 via the cutting edges 4 and 6 gradually retreats toward the inner peripheral side from the cutting edges 4 and 6 toward the rear side in the rotation direction T. The flank faces 11 and 12 to be used.

  A bottom blade 13 is formed at the distal end of the cutting blade portion 3, that is, the distal end of the small diameter portion 5 so as to extend from the distal end of the cutting blade 4 toward the axis O as shown in FIG. Here, a gash 14 is formed on the front end surface of the small diameter portion 5 so as to extend from the front end side opening of the chip discharge groove 8 to the inner peripheral side, and the bottom blade 13 has a rotation direction T of the gash 14. It will be formed in the wall surface facing the side and the ridge portion on the tip side of the rake face 9. Further, the portion of the distal end surface of the small diameter portion 5 that continues from the bottom blade 13 to the rear side in the rotation direction T is a front end flank 15 that gradually moves backward toward the rear end side of the end mill body 1 toward the rear side in the rotation direction T. .

  Furthermore, the rake face 9 of the small diameter portion 5 is formed to be curved in a cross section perpendicular to the axis O of the small diameter portion 5 as shown in FIG. Here, in the present embodiment, the rake face 9 is formed in a concave shape that is recessed rearward with respect to the rotational direction T of the end mill body 1, and in particular, the axis O and the cutting edge 4 are formed in the cross section. It is a smooth concave curved surface that is concave toward the rear side in the rotational direction T from the connecting straight line L. Accordingly, the rake face 9 gradually moves backward in the rotational direction T with respect to the straight line L toward the inner peripheral side from the cutting edge 4 on the outer peripheral side. The rake angle α of the cutting edge 4 of the small diameter portion 5 is a positive angle exceeding 0 °.

  On the other hand, the rake face 10 in the stepped portion 7 is perpendicular to the axis O of the stepped portion 7 as shown in FIG. 5 so that the inner peripheral side thereof is smoothly continuous with the rake face 9 of the small diameter portion 5. In the cross section, it is formed in a curved shape that is substantially the same as that of the rake face 9 of the small diameter portion 5, that is, a concave shape that is concave toward the rear side in the rotation direction T with a curvature. At the outer peripheral side of the rake face 10 of the stepped portion 7, that is, at the outer peripheral side of the outer diameter d of the cutting edge 4 of the small diameter portion 5, the inner side of the rake face 10 as shown in FIG. After extending slightly concave along the extended surface P with respect to the extended surface P obtained by extending the circumferential concave curve shape to the outer peripheral side, the curved surface is bent in the direction opposite to the inner peripheral side via the inflection point Q. Thus, in this embodiment, it forms so that the cutting edge 6 may be reached so that the convex curve shape which may become convex in the rotation direction T may be drawn.

  In the cutting edge 6 of the stepped portion 7 configured as described above, the rake face 10 is concave from the inner peripheral side, which is curved in the same manner as the rake face 9 of the small diameter part 5, from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side along the extended surface P. Since the direction of curvature of the curved surface is convex through the inflection point Q, the rake angle at each position on the rake face 10 reaches the inflection point Q toward the outer peripheral side. Is gradually increased from the rake angle α of the cutting edge 4 of the small-diameter portion 5 to the positive angle side, and then gradually decreased from the inflection point Q to the outer peripheral side (increased toward the negative angle side). The rake angle β is set to be. The difference between the rake angle β of the cutting edge 6 of the stepped portion 7 thus obtained and the rake angle α of the cutting edge 4 of the small diameter portion 5 is within 3 °.

  The chip discharge groove 8 extending from the tip of the small diameter part 5 of the cutting edge part 3 to the first taper part through the stepped part 7 has a small diameter as shown by a broken line in FIG. On the opposite side of the stepped portion 7 of the portion 5, that is, on the distal end side, the position is fixed with respect to the axis O, and the rear end side of the small diameter portion 5, that is, the stepped portion 7 side in the small diameter portion 5. It is rounded up gradually toward the outer peripheral side as it goes to the side. Therefore, the center thick circle inscribed in the cross section perpendicular to the axis O of the cutting edge portion 5 is also the length of the small diameter portion 5 in the direction of the axis O of the small diameter portion 5 on the side opposite to the stepped portion 7, that is, the tip side. The core thickness circle C has a constant diameter in the range of a length M shorter than the length, and this constant diameter portion 5 extends from the stepped portion 7 side to the stepped portion 7 as shown in FIG. It is made to become gradually larger than the diameter of the core thick circle C on the tip side.

  Next, an embodiment of a method for manufacturing such a stepped end mill will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 7, in this embodiment, the outer peripheral portion on which the abrasive layer of the disc-shaped grindstone G rotated around the central axis X is formed on the outer periphery of the cutting edge portion 3 of the end mill body 1. Inserted into the chip discharge groove 8 so as to follow the twist of the chip discharge groove 8, and the wall surface facing the rotation direction T of the chip discharge groove 8 is ground by the abrasive layer on the outer periphery of the disc-shaped grindstone G. As a result, the rake surfaces 9 and 10 from the small diameter portion 5 to the stepped portion 7 are continuously formed into the shape as described above, and a cutting edge is formed at the intersection ridge line portion with the flank surfaces 11 and 12 on the outer peripheral side. 4 and 6 are formed.

  Here, the disk-shaped grindstone G is inserted into the chip discharge groove 8 at the outer periphery of the cutting edge portion 3 from the side opposite to the stepped portion 7 of the small diameter portion 5, that is, from the tip side. 5 In the range of the length M, which is a core thickness circle C with a constant diameter on the tip side, the disc-shaped grindstone G is used as an end mill while the positional relationship between the central axis X and the axis O is kept constant. Move in the direction of the axis O while rotating around the axis O in accordance with the twist of the chip discharge groove 8 relative to the main body 1 (normally, the central axis X of the disc-shaped grindstone G is fixed) , The end mill body 1 is rotated and moved), the peripheral surface H of the outer periphery of the disc-shaped grindstone G, the end surface (side surface) J facing the wall surface facing the rotation direction T, and the peripheral surface H and the end surface J Wall surface of the chip discharge groove 8 including the rake face 9 and Slide into curved in concavely curved bottom surface. At this time, in a side view orthogonal to the axis O and the central axis X, the angle formed by the straight line N orthogonal to the central axis X with respect to the axis O, that is, the grindstone mounting angle θ is the chip discharge as shown in FIG. Usually, it is made slightly larger than the twist angle of the groove 8.

  Then, the disc-shaped grindstone G is relatively moved in the direction of the axis O with respect to the end mill body 1 in this way, and the outer peripheral portion of the disc-shaped grindstone G is on the stepped portion 7 side of the small diameter portion 5 in the cutting edge portion 3 ( In the place where the stepped portion 7 extends from the rear end side, first, the disc-shaped grindstone G is continuously rotated and moved relative to the end mill body 1 as it is. While starting to grind the wall surface facing the rotation direction T, the end face J of the disc-shaped grindstone G is caused to interfere with the outer peripheral portion of the wall surface, and then the end mill body 1 and the disc-shaped grindstone G are relative to each other. The movement in the direction of the axis O is stopped, and the disc-shaped grindstone G is lifted to the outer peripheral side while continuing to rotate relative to the end mill body 1 around the axis O, or the relative rotation is also stopped. The disc-shaped grinding wheel G is turned into the end mill body 1 On the other hand, by pulling up relatively toward the outer peripheral side, the outer peripheral side portion of the wall surface is shaped in a direction opposite to the inner peripheral side curvature by the abrasive layer of the end face J of the disc-shaped grindstone G that has interfered. The Accordingly, the stepped portion 7 is formed such that the outer peripheral side of the rake face 10 forms a convex curve shape via the inflection point Q with respect to the inner curved side extension surface P.

  Here, after the end surface J of the disc-shaped grindstone G interferes with the wall surface at the portion extending from the small diameter portion 5 to the stepped portion 7, the disc-shaped grindstone G is pulled up to the outer peripheral side while continuing to rotate relatively. Whether the relative rotation is also stopped and pulled up depends on the outer diameter of the disc-shaped grindstone G, the twist angle of the chip discharge groove 8, the outer diameter d of the small diameter portion 5, the outer diameter of the stepped portion 7, and the core thickness circle C. Depending on the rake angles α and β to be given to the cutting edge 4 of the diameter or the small diameter portion 5 or the cutting edge 6 of the stepped portion 7, if this end face J interferes too much with the wall surface, the rake face 10. The outer peripheral side of the cutting edge 6 is excessively curved with respect to the extended surface P having a concave curved shape on the inner peripheral side, and in this embodiment, the rake angle β of the cutting edge 6 of the stepped portion 7 becomes too large on the negative angle side. Therefore, in such a case, the relative rotation of the disc-shaped grindstone G with respect to the end mill body 1 is also stopped and pulled up to the outer peripheral side. Good. On the other hand, when pulling up the disc-shaped grindstone G to the outer peripheral side while continuing to relatively rotate, the disc-shaped grindstone G is pulled up before the end surface J starts to interfere with the wall surface in some cases, and the end surface J is It is also possible to form the outer peripheral side of the rake face 10 in a convex curve shape by interfering with the outer peripheral side portion.

  In this way, the disc-shaped grindstone G in which the central axis X is in a fixed positional relationship with respect to the axis O on the distal end side of the small diameter portion 5 is located where the outer peripheral portion extends from the small diameter portion 5 to the stepped portion 7. When the relative movement in the direction of the axis O is stopped and pulled up to the outer peripheral side, the position of the groove bottom of the chip discharge groove 8 is also at a fixed position with respect to the axis O on the tip side of the small diameter portion 5. On the rear end side, the disc-shaped grindstone G is rounded up from the stepped portion 7 side in the small diameter portion 5 toward the rear end in accordance with the shape of the outer peripheral portion of the disc-shaped grindstone G. As described above, the diameter of the small-diameter portion 5 is the core thickness circle C having a constant diameter in the range of the length M on the side opposite to the stepped portion 7 of the small-diameter portion 5 (the tip side). From the stepped portion 7 side of the small diameter portion 5 to the stepped portion 7 toward the end side, it is more directly than the core thickness circle C on the distal end side. There is so gradually increases.

  Thus, for example, in the stepped end mill having the above-described configuration manufactured by such a manufacturing method, the rake face 10 in the stepped portion 7 has a curved shape in which the inner peripheral side is continuous with the rake face 9 of the small diameter portion 5. On the other hand, the outer peripheral side is curved in the opposite direction to the curved extension surface P on the inner peripheral side through an inflection point Q in the cross section orthogonal to the axis O, and thereby the extension Compared with the case where the cutting edge is formed on the outer periphery of the surface P, the rake angle β of the cutting edge 6 of the stepped portion 7 is on the positive or negative side with respect to the rake angle α of the cutting edge 4 of the small diameter portion 5. To avoid becoming too large.

  That is, in the stepped end mill of the above embodiment in which the rake face 9 of the small diameter portion 5 is concavely curved and the rake angle α of the cutting edge 4 is a positive angle, the cutting edge of the stepped portion 7 also has the extended surface P. If it is above, the rake angle becomes too large on the positive side and the edge angle becomes small, and the edge strength may not be ensured and the cutting edge may be lost during cutting, which may shorten the end mill life. When the rake face 10 is formed on the outer peripheral side of the stepped portion 7 so as to be convexly curved opposite to the inner peripheral side, the rake angle β of the cutting edge 6 is too large on the positive side. As shown in FIG. 6, it is possible to ensure the edge angle substantially as large as that of the small diameter portion 5 to prevent the cutting edge 6 from being damaged and to smooth the cutting by extending the end mill life. It can be carried out.

  Further, in the above embodiment, the rake face 9 of the small diameter portion 5 is curved in a concave shape, and the rake face 10 of the stepped portion 7 is passed through the inflection point Q from the inner peripheral side toward the outer peripheral side. The direction of the curve is reversed from the concave curve to the convex curve, but on the contrary, the rake face 9 of the small diameter portion 5 is formed in a convex shape in the rotational direction T of the end mill body 1. At the stepped portion 7, the inner peripheral side of the rake face 10 is curved in a convex shape continuously with the rake face 9, and on the outer peripheral side, the axis line with respect to the extended surface P from the convexly curved inner peripheral side. In the cross section orthogonal to O, the direction of the curve may be opposite so that the curve is curved concavely toward the rear side in the rotation direction T via the inflection point Q.

  However, in this case, if the cutting edge 6 is formed on the extended surface P, the rake angle α of the cutting edge 4 of the small diameter portion 5 is of course a 0 ° or a positive angle when the rake angle α is a negative angle. However, the rake angle β of the cutting edge 6 of the stepped portion 7 is increased to the negative angle side, and the sharpness may be dulled to increase the cutting resistance. However, the above configuration is applied. By doing so, it is possible to prevent the difference between the rake angles α and β from becoming too large. Therefore, it becomes possible to secure a sharp sharpness even in the stepped portion 7 to suppress cutting resistance. That is, according to the stepped end mill having the above-described configuration, appropriate rake angles α and β can be given to the cutting edges 4 and 6 of the small diameter portion 5 and the stepped portion 7 in accordance with, for example, cutting conditions.

  In the above embodiment, as described above, the rake face 9 of the small-diameter portion 5 is formed in a concave shape, and the rake angles α and β between the cutting edge 4 and the cutting edge 6 of the stepped portion 7 are both positive. However, including the case where the rake face 9 of the small diameter portion 5 is convexly curved as described above, the rake angles α and β may both be positive or negative. Depending on cutting conditions, one may be 0 ° or a positive angle and the other may be 0 ° or a negative angle. However, if the difference between the rake angles α and β is too large, there is a possibility that the effects of preventing the above-mentioned cutting edge defect and suppressing the cutting resistance may not be achieved, so the difference is 3 as in the above embodiment. It is desirable to be within °. Of course, these rake angles α and β may be equal.

  Furthermore, in the stepped end mill of the above-described embodiment, the core thick circle inscribed in the cross section perpendicular to the axis O of the cutting edge portion 3 is produced by the manufacturing method of the above-described embodiment in particular. The core thickness circle C has a constant diameter in the range of the length M on the side opposite to the stepped portion 7 (the tip side), and the rear end side of the range of the length M, that is, in the middle of the small diameter portion 5. From the stepped portion 7 side to the stepped portion 7, the diameter is gradually larger than the core thickness circle C. That is, in other words, the length M in the axis O direction of the portion where the core thick circle C having a constant diameter is formed from the tip of the cutting edge portion 3 is the length in the axis O direction of the cutting edge 4 of the small diameter portion 5. That is, it is shorter than the length of the small-diameter portion 5 itself, and the diameter of the thick heart circle is increased from the front of the stepped portion 7.

  For this reason, according to the stepped end mill of this embodiment, since the outer diameter d of the cutting blade 4 is small, the circumferential interval between the cutting blades 4 is small, and therefore the groove width of the chip discharge groove 8 is secured. On the other hand, in the small-diameter portion 5 where the amount of generated chips is small, the depth of the chip discharge groove 8 can be made relatively large with respect to the outer diameter d, and sufficient chip pockets are provided for the generated chips. Capacity can be secured to prevent chip clogging. On the other hand, on the other hand, the outer diameter of the cutting blade 6 is increased, so that the groove width of the chip discharge groove 8 is easily secured, and the stepped portion 7 is easily discharged for cutting the opening such as the machining groove. In this case, since the core thickness circle diameter is larger than the core thickness circle C whose diameter on the tip side is constant, it becomes possible to give the cutting blade portion 3 high rigidity and strength. It is possible to obtain high machining accuracy by suppressing runout and chatter vibration in the cutting edge portion 3 while smoothly discharging the chips fed from the 5 side together with the chips generated in the stepped portion 7.

  On the other hand, the rake surfaces 9 and 10 are formed in a concave shape on the inner peripheral side of the stepped portion 7 from the small diameter portion 5 as in the above-described embodiment, and are convex on the outer peripheral side of the rake surface 10 of the stepped portion 7. The stepped end mill formed in a curved shape maintains the positional relationship between the center axis X of the disc-shaped grindstone G and the axis O of the end mill main body 1 from the small diameter portion 5 to the entire length of the stepped portion 7, for example. The disc-shaped grindstone G and the end mill body 1 are moved in the direction of the axis O while relatively rotating around the axis O along the twist of the chip discharge groove 8, and the rake faces 9, 10 are moved to the stepped portion 7. The outer surface of the rake face 10 is formed so as to be concavely curved along the extended surface P, and thereafter, the outer surface of the rake face 10 of the stepped portion 7 is ground and molded so as to be convexly curved by grinding or the like. It is also possible to manufacture Stepped end mill can also be said to be the scope of the present invention. However, in such a manufacturing method, grinding of the rake faces 9 and 10 for one chip discharge groove 8 is performed in two steps, resulting in a decrease in manufacturing efficiency.

  However, according to the manufacturing method of the stepped end mill of the above embodiment, the rake faces 9 and 10 having the cutting edges 4 and 6 having the appropriate rake angles α and β according to the cutting conditions as described above. Can be formed by one-step grinding with the disc-shaped grindstone G for one chip discharge groove 8 from the small diameter portion 5 to the stepped portion 7 by appropriately adjusting the grindstone mounting angle θ. It is possible to efficiently manufacture a stepped end mill that exhibits such excellent effects. In particular, as described above, the core thickness circle of the cutting edge portion 3 is set to a core thickness circle C having a constant diameter on the opposite side of the stepped portion 7 of the small diameter portion 5, and the stepped portion 7 of the small diameter portion 5. The stepped end mill whose diameter is gradually larger than the constant-thickness core thickness circle C from the side to the stepped portion 7 is also relative to the end mill main body 1 with respect to the disk-shaped grindstone G. By appropriately adjusting the position to be pulled up to the outer peripheral side and appropriately setting the length M, it can be easily manufactured.

  For example, the chip discharge groove 8 has a twist angle of 30 °, the outer diameter d of the cutting edge 4 of the small diameter portion 5 is 1.8 mm, the length of the cutting edge 4 in the axis O direction is 3 mm, and the cutting edge 6 of the stepped portion 7. When the maximum outer diameter is 2.5 mm and the angle of the cutting edge 6 with respect to the axis O is 30 °, a disc-shaped grindstone (flat grindstone) having an outer diameter of 100 mm and a width of 1.32 mm is used. If the length M in the direction of the axis O is 2.7 mm from the tip of the small-diameter portion 5, the cutting edge 4 of the small-diameter portion 5 is set to 33 °. While the rake angle α is approximately + 6 °, the rake angle β of the cutting edge 6 of the stepped portion 7 can also be approximately equal to + 6 °.

  In the above embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the cutting blade 4 of the small diameter portion 5 and the bottom blade 13 are a square type cutting blade in which the rotation trajectory around the axis O is substantially orthogonal, The cutting edge 6 of the stepped portion 7 has a chamfered blade shape in which the rotation trajectory around the axis O forms a constant inclination angle with respect to the axis O. For example, the stepped portion 7 also rotates around the axis O. A counterbore stepped portion is formed at the opening of the machining groove machined by the small diameter portion 5 so that the rotation locus is constituted by a bottom blade perpendicular to the axis O and a cutting blade perpendicular to the bottom blade. It is good also as such a stepped end mill. Also, the cutting blade of the small diameter portion 5 may be a blade type other than the square type.

It is the schematic of the side view which shows one Embodiment of the stepped end mill of this invention. It is an enlarged side view of the cutting blade part 3 of embodiment shown in FIG. It is a front view of the small diameter part 5 front-end | tip of embodiment shown in FIG. It is YY sectional drawing in FIG. It is ZZ sectional drawing in FIG. It is an expanded sectional view which shows the outer peripheral side of the rake face 10 in FIG. It is the schematic of the cutting blade part 3 side view explaining one Embodiment of the manufacturing method of the stepped end mill of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 End mill main body 3 Cutting edge part 4,6 Cutting edge 5 Small diameter part 7 Stepped part 8 Chip discharge groove 9,10 Rake face O End mill main body 1 axis T Rotation direction of end mill main body C Small diameter part 5 constant diameter Core thick circle M Length of core thick circle C having a constant diameter formed from the tip of small diameter portion 5 Extension surface P of stepped portion 7 on rake surface 10 inner peripheral side to outer peripheral side Q Extension surface P Inflection point at which the outer peripheral side of the rake face 10 curves in the opposite direction G Disk-shaped grinding wheel X Center axis of the disk-shaped grinding wheel G J End face α of the disk-shaped grinding stone G α, β Rake angle of the cutting edges 4, 6

Claims (5)

A stepped portion having a small-diameter portion having a cutting blade with a small outer diameter and a cutting blade having a larger outer diameter than the small-diameter portion continuously at the cutting edge of the small-diameter portion at the tip of the end mill body rotated around the axis. And a rake face of the small diameter portion is formed into a curved surface that is curved in a cross section perpendicular to the axis, and the rake of the stepped portion is formed. The surface is a curved surface whose inner peripheral side is continuously curved to the rake face of the small-diameter portion, and the outer peripheral side is the axis line with respect to the extended surface to the outer peripheral side of the curved surface formed by the inner peripheral side of the rake face A stepped end mill, wherein the step end mill is formed so as to bend in an opposite direction through an inflection point in a cross section perpendicular to the cross section. The rake face of the small diameter portion is formed in a concave shape on the rear side in the rotational direction of the end mill body so that the rake angle of the cutting edge is a positive angle, and the rake face of the stepped portion is the rake face of the small diameter portion. The step according to claim 1, wherein a curved surface is formed in a convex shape in a rotation direction of the end mill body via an inflection point with respect to a surface extending from the concave curved surface to the outer peripheral side. End mill. The stepped end mill according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a difference between a rake angle of the cutting edge in the small diameter portion and a rake angle of the cutting edge in the stepped portion is within 3 °. . The diameter of the core thick circle inscribed in the cross section perpendicular to the axis of the cutting edge is constant on the side opposite to the stepped portion of the small diameter portion, and the stepped portion from the stepped portion side of the small diameter portion The stepped end mill according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the stepped end mill is configured to gradually increase over a portion. A chip discharge groove that is twisted around the axis from the small diameter portion to the stepped portion is formed on the outer periphery of the cutting blade portion, and the outer periphery of the disc-shaped grindstone that is rotated about the central axis is discharged to the chip. The rake face is formed by inserting the chip discharge groove into the chip discharge groove so as to substantially follow the twist of the groove, and grinding the wall surface of the chip discharge groove facing the rotation direction of the end mill body. 4. The method of manufacturing a stepped end mill according to any one of claims 4 to 4, wherein the disk portion while maintaining a constant positional relationship between the axis and the central axis at a portion of the small diameter portion opposite to the stepped portion. A rake face of the small diameter portion is formed by moving the whetstone in the axial direction while rotating around the axis in accordance with the twist of the chip discharge groove relative to the end mill body, and the small diameter portion From the stepped side of the In the part extending over the attached portion, the disk-shaped grindstone is rotated and moved relative to the end mill body as it is, and the wall facing the end mill body rotation direction of the chip discharge groove in the stepped portion is started to be ground, The end face of the disc-shaped grindstone is caused to interfere with the outer peripheral side of the wall surface, and then the movement of the end mill body and the disc-shaped grindstone in the relative axial direction is stopped, and the disc-shaped grindstone is The rake face of the stepped portion is formed by continuing to rotate relative to the end mill body around the axis or by stopping the relative rotation and pulling it up relatively to the outer peripheral side. To manufacture a stepped end mill.

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