JP2005100330A - Sheet glass, glass crack detection method, manufacturing method for sheet glass allowing crack detection, and crack detection system for glass - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a concrete means for certainly detecting a crack when providing a conductor film on a sheet glass. <P>SOLUTION: This sheet glass has: a glass substrate; the conductor thin film formed on a surface of the substrate; a pair of electrode parts provided on the conductor thin film. The glass substrate is made of tempered glass. Even if the crack is generated in any position of the glass substrate, the crack spreads to the whole substrate, and breaking is generated in the conductor thin film between the pair of electrode parts. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a plate glass capable of detecting cracks, a glass crack detection method, a method for manufacturing a plate glass capable of detecting cracks, and a glass crack detection system.

A system for detecting glass breakage as a crime for entering a house, glass breakage at the time of a disaster, and the like is known.
Many of the conventional systems detect the breaking sound and vibration when the glass is broken, but there is a problem that there are many malfunctions.

Patent Document 1 describes a glass crack detection device in which a resistor is installed on the surface or inside of glass, and the glass is detected by breaking the glass and breaking the resistor. This Patent Document 1 describes that a resistor placed on glass may be a linear conductive film or a transparent conductive film.
Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2003-141649 (FIG. 3)

However, when the resistor is a conductive film, since the conductive film has a certain area, even if the glass is broken, it is difficult to cause complete disconnection of the conductive film, and it is very difficult to detect the crack.
Patent Document 1 only describes that the resistor may be a conductive film, but does not describe how glass cracks can be reliably detected.

That is, Patent Document 1 does not teach how to measure a change in resistance by forming a conductive film on glass.
Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 14, it is conceivable to provide electrodes x1 and x2 on the two opposite sides of the range of the conductive film and to measure the change in resistance between the electrodes x1 and x2. However, the resistance hardly changes unless the conductive film between the electrodes x1 and x2 is completely disconnected. For example, if a crack such as fracture X occurs, the resistance between the electrodes x1 and x2 changes. However, even if a crack such as fracture Y1, Y2, and Y3 occurs, the resistance between the electrodes x1 and x2 changes so much. do not do. Therefore, cracks cannot be detected reliably.

In order to solve this, for example, as shown in FIG. 15, the number of electrodes forming a pair is increased, and between electrodes a1-a2, between electrodes b1-b2, between electrodes c1-c2, between electrodes d1-d2, It is conceivable that the resistance between the electrodes e1-e2, the electrodes f1-f2, the electrodes g1-g2, and the electrodes h1-h2 is monitored to increase the probability of breakage between the paired electrodes.
However, even in the case of FIG. 15, when the intruder cuts the glass as indicated by Z in FIG. 15, the resistance between any of the electrodes hardly changes and a crack cannot be detected. In particular, an intruder into a building may partially break only the glass near the window lock. In such a case, it is very difficult to detect cracks.

  Thus, only the teaching of Patent Document 1 cannot reliably detect a glass break depending on how the glass breaks, and as a result, it is difficult to put it into practical use as a security system.

  An object of this invention is to provide the specific means for detecting a crack reliably, when a conductive film is provided in plate glass for glass crack detection.

  The present invention comprises a glass substrate, a conductive thin film formed on the surface of the substrate, and a pair of electrode portions provided on the conductive thin film, wherein the glass substrate is made of tempered glass, Even if a crack occurs in any position of the glass substrate, the crack spreads over the entire substrate, and the conductive thin film between the pair of electrode portions breaks. Since the substrate is tempered glass, even if an impact is applied to any position of the substrate and it is cracked, the crack spreads over the entire substrate. Therefore, the conductive thin film between the pair of electrode portions is broken by the spread of the crack of the substrate, and the resistance value between the electrode portions increases.

  The conductive thin film preferably has a thickness of 0.05 μm to 5 μm. When the film thickness is larger than 5 μm, even if a crack occurs in the substrate, the conductive film thickness does not break reliably and the resistance value does not increase or is small, so the reliability of crack detection decreases. If the film thickness is smaller than 0.05 μm, the thickness is not sufficient. In addition, as a film thickness, it is preferable that it is 3 micrometers or less, Furthermore, 2 micrometers or less are preferable, More preferably, they are 0.1 micrometer-2 micrometers.

  It is preferable to further include a film material attached so as to cover the conductive thin film together with the electrode portion. In this case, the conductive film and the electrode part can be protected by the film material.

  Another aspect of the present invention includes a tempered glass substrate, a conductive thin film formed on the surface of the substrate, and a pair of electrode portions provided on the conductive thin film, and the pair of electrode portions is The glass plate is provided on the edge of the glass substrate. In this case, since the substrate is tempered glass, as described above, even if an impact is applied to any position of the substrate and it is cracked, the crack spreads over the entire substrate and the resistance value between the pair of electrode portions increases. In addition, since the edge portion is heated and air-cooled also from the lip (side surface) in the heat treatment in tempering vitrification, the edge portion has a higher degree of strengthening than the center portion and breaks more finely when the substrate is cracked. Therefore, the reliability of crack detection can be improved by providing a pair of electrode portions on the edge portion. Furthermore, by providing a pair of electrode portions at the edge portion, handling of the wiring connected to the electrode portions becomes easy.

  Another aspect of the present invention includes a tempered glass substrate, a conductive thin film formed on the surface of the substrate, and a pair of electrode portions provided on the conductive thin film, and the pair of electrode portions is The glass plate is characterized by being arranged close to each other at a predetermined interval. Since the substrate is made of tempered glass, cracks spread throughout the entire substrate, so that the entire substrate breaks even if an impact is applied to any position on the substrate to cause cracking. Therefore, not only the position where the impact is applied, but also the glass between the pair of adjacent electrode portions is broken, and the conductive thin film between the electrode portions is broken to increase the resistance value between the electrodes. Therefore, even when an impact is applied to a position away from the electrode portion and the electrode portion is cracked, the resistance value between the electrode portions is reliably increased, and the crack can be reliably detected. Furthermore, the wiring connected to an electrode part can be simplified by arrange | positioning close.

  In the case where the pair of electrode portions are arranged close to each other or when the pair of electrode portions is provided on the edge portion of the glass substrate, the pair of electrode portions are preferably provided on the same side of the glass substrate. . When the substrate is made of tempered glass, the cracks spread to the whole, so that the cracks can be detected even if the electrode portions are not provided on the two opposite sides of the substrate as shown in FIGS. . And the wiring connected to an electrode part can be simplified by providing an electrode part in the same edge side.

  Alternatively, in the case where the pair of electrode portions are arranged close to each other, or when the pair of electrode portions is provided on the edge of the glass substrate, the pair of electrode portions are distributed and arranged on the two adjacent sides of the glass substrate. It is preferable. Since the substrate is made of tempered glass, cracks can be detected even if the electrode portions are distributed to two adjacent sides. By providing the electrode portions on the two adjacent sides, the wiring connected to the electrode portions can be simplified as compared with the case where the electrode portions are provided on the two opposing sides.

  Alternatively, when the pair of electrode portions are arranged close to each other or when the pair of electrode portions is provided on the edge of the glass substrate, the pair of electrode portions is provided in the vicinity of the corner portion where two adjacent sides intersect. More specifically, it is preferably located at a position closer to the corner portion than the central positions of two adjacent sides. In this case, handling of the wiring connected to the electrode becomes easy. Further, the vicinity of the corner portion is heated and cooled from each of the two side ends adjacent to each other, so that the degree of strengthening is particularly high, and the substrate breaks particularly finely when the substrate is cracked. Therefore, the reliability of crack detection can be particularly improved by providing a pair of electrode portions in the vicinity of the corner portion.

When the pair of electrode portions are provided on the same side of the glass substrate, the distance between the pair of electrode portions is preferably less than or equal to half the length of the side. In this case, handling of wiring connected to each electrode becomes easy.
In addition, it is preferable to set the space | interval of an electrode part so that at least 1 fracture | rupture, Preferably several fracture may arise between electrode parts. In addition, the space | interval between electrode parts can be set with the magnitude | size of the glass piece at the time of a crack, and when the fragments at the time of a crack like a semi-tempered glass are comparatively large, for example, it sets near 30 cm. Is good.

  According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention relates to a plate glass, a first plate glass made of a tempered glass substrate having a conductive thin film, a second plate glass disposed to face the first plate glass at a predetermined interval, and the conductive glass. And a pair of electrode portions provided on the edge of the substrate, and an intermediate film is sandwiched between the first plate glass and the second plate glass to form a laminated glass. And the conductive thin film is disposed on the surface of the first plate glass on the intermediate film side. While being able to detect a crack reliably by the 1st plate glass and being comprised as a laminated glass, scattering of the broken piece of the broken glass is prevented. In addition, the conductive thin film can be protected by an intermediate film. Furthermore, since the pair of electrode portions are provided on the edge portions that have a relatively high degree of reinforcement and are easily fragmented, the reliability of crack detection is increased. In addition, since the conductive thin film is disposed on the surface of the first plate glass on the intermediate film side, the conductive thin film is protected by the intermediate film in the portion where the intermediate film exists on the first plate glass. Furthermore, since the electrode portion is on the edge portion, handling of the wiring connected to the electrode portion becomes easy.

  According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention relates to a plate glass, a first plate glass made of a tempered glass substrate having a conductive thin film, a second plate glass disposed to face the first plate glass at a predetermined interval, and the conductive glass. A pair of electrode portions closely disposed on the thin film at a predetermined interval, and an intermediate film is sandwiched between the first plate glass and the second plate glass to form a laminated glass. The plate glass is characterized in that the conductive thin film is disposed on the surface of the one plate glass on the intermediate film side. While being able to detect a crack reliably by the 1st plate glass and being comprised as a laminated glass, scattering of the broken piece of the broken glass is prevented. Further, since the pair of electrode portions are arranged close to each other, the wiring connected to each electrode portion can be easily handled. In addition, since the conductive thin film is disposed on the surface of the first plate glass on the intermediate film side, the conductive thin film is protected by the intermediate film in the portion where the intermediate film exists on the first plate glass.

  The present invention related to plate glass from another viewpoint is provided on a substrate made of tempered glass, a conductive thin film formed on the surface of the substrate, a pair of electrode portions provided on the conductive thin film, and the substrate. A constraining film that constrains fragments generated by substrate cracking with a predetermined restraining force, and the constraining film does not exist in the vicinity of the pair of electrode portions of the substrate or has a restraining force less than the predetermined restraining force. It is the plate glass characterized by being a restraint restraint force change part. In this plate glass, scattering of fragments due to substrate cracking is prevented in the portion where the constraining film exists. On the other hand, since there is a restraint force changing portion in the vicinity of the pair of electrode portions that is not restrained by the restraint film or whose restraint force is relatively weak, compared with the case where the restraint force is restrained by the predetermined restraint force. The interval between fractured surfaces at the time of substrate cracking is increased, the resistance increase at the time of substrate cracking is increased, and crack detection can be ensured.

  In addition, as a method of setting the vicinity of the pair of electrode portions as the restriction force changing portion, in addition to a method in which no restriction film is present in the vicinity of the pair of electrode portions, the adhesion force between the restriction film and the substrate in the vicinity of the pair of electrode portions. Or a method of making the constraining film in the vicinity of the pair of electrode parts a material that is more flexible than other constraining films.

  The present invention relating to another plate glass includes a first plate glass made of a tempered glass substrate, a second plate glass disposed to face the first plate glass at a predetermined interval, the first plate glass, and the second plate glass. An intermediate layer sandwiched between, a conductive thin film formed on the surface of the first glass sheet on the side of the intermediate layer, and a pair of electrode portions disposed close to each other at a predetermined interval on the conductive thin film. The second plate glass is a green plate glass, a part of the first plate glass is a non-matching portion where the intermediate film is not locally present, and the pair of electrode portions are provided in a single non-matching portion. It is the plate glass characterized by this.

In this case, by providing an intermediate layer and forming as a laminated glass, scattering of fragments when the substrate is broken is prevented.
And cost reduction can be aimed at by making 2nd plate glass into green plate glass. On the other hand, there is a problem due to the second glass plate being green glass. When laminated glass is formed, the fragments at the time of substrate cracking are constrained by the intermediate film, so the fracture surface interval tends to be smaller than when there is no intermediate film, but when the second glass sheet is raw glass, Unlike tempered glass such as single plate glass, the fracture surface does not diffuse throughout and the fragments are not shredded. Therefore, in this case, the first plate glass is restrained by the second plate glass in addition to the intermediate film, and the fracture surface interval at the time of substrate cracking becomes small, and an increase in resistance at the time of substrate cracking is suppressed. However, in the above invention in which the non-matching portion is provided, the first plate glass is not constrained by the intermediate film, and therefore, the fracture surface interval between the glass fragments at the time of substrate cracking is larger than in the case of being constrained by the intermediate film. And since the restraint by the 2nd glass plate of a raw sheet glass is also substantially eliminated by absence of an intermediate film, there is almost no influence on the fracture surface space | interval by the 2nd sheet glass being a raw sheet glass. Therefore, the resistance increase at the time of substrate cracking can be increased while reducing the cost of the second glass sheet, and crack detection can be ensured. And since a pair of electrode part is provided in the single non-matching part, the glass crack in the said non-matching part will fracture | rupture the board | substrate between a pair of electrodes reliably.

  The non-matching portion having a pair of electrode portions is preferably provided facing two adjacent sides of the substrate. When a crack occurs, a fracture surface interval (gap) is generated between each piece, so that the first plate glass is stretched by the interval, but the non-matching substrate faces two adjacent sides. The two sides of the mating part are open toward the outside in the in-plane direction of the substrate. Therefore, the substrate of the non-matching portion is easy to extend in two directions along each of the two sides, and the fracture surface interval can be increased. can do.

  In the plate glass configured as a laminated glass and the plate glass having a binding force changing portion or a non-matching portion, the pair of electrode portions are provided in the vicinity of a corner portion where two adjacent sides of the glass substrate intersect. Is preferred. In this case, since the pair of electrode portions are provided in the vicinity of the corner portion having a particularly high degree of reinforcement, the substrate cracks between the electrodes are easily fragmented. Further, by providing the pair of electrode portions near the corner portion, handling of the wiring connected to the electrode portion is not excessively complicated even by the presence of the constraining film or the intermediate layer.

  Moreover, in the said plate glass comprised as laminated glass, and the said plate glass which has a binding force change part or a non-matching part, the said pair of electrode part is distributed and arrange | positioned at the two adjacent sides of the said glass substrate. Is preferred. In this case, the wiring connected to each electrode part can be simplified compared with the case where it arrange | positions at the two sides which the glass substrate opposes. Therefore, the handling of the wiring connected to the electrode portion is not excessively complicated even by the presence of the constraining film and the intermediate layer.

  The present invention related to the glass crack detection method uses each of the above plate glasses, and when the plate glass is broken by an impact applied to a position away from the electrode portion, the entire substrate made of tempered glass is a small piece. By forming a crack, a crack spreads from the position where the impact is applied to the pair of electrode parts, and the conductive thin film between the pair of electrode parts breaks, and the resistance value between the electrode parts increases, and the breakage occurs. A glass breakage is detected by detecting a change in resistance value between the pair of electrode portions before and after by a resistance detector.

  The present invention relating to a method of manufacturing a plate glass capable of detecting cracks is the application of a conductive paste to two locations adjacent to each other at a predetermined interval on the conductive thin film on the edge of the green plate glass having a conductive thin film formed on at least one surface. And forming the electrode part, and then heat treating the green sheet glass so that the green sheet glass is heat-treated tempered glass and the electrode part is fused to the conductive thin film.

  Another aspect of the present invention relating to a method of manufacturing a plate glass capable of detecting cracks is a pair of conductor thin plates formed on the conductive thin film at a predetermined interval at the edge of the first substrate made of tempered glass on which the conductive thin film is formed. A step of sandwiching the electrode portion between the first substrate and the interlayer film for laminated glass, and sandwiching the interlayer film for laminated glass between the first substrate and a second substrate made of glass And a step of performing pressure bonding to form a laminated glass.

The present invention relating to a glass breakage detection system includes a tempered glass substrate, a conductive thin film formed on the substrate, a pair of electrode portions provided on the conductive thin film, a plate glass, and the pair And a resistance detector for detecting a resistance value between the electrode portions.
In this case, it is preferable to include a transmission unit that transmits information related to glass breakage obtained from the resistance value detected by the resistance detector to the outside of the system. Since the information on the glass breakage is transmitted to the outside of the system by this transmission unit, it is possible to improve the security.
Alternatively, it is preferable that a plurality of the plate glasses are provided, and the pair of electrode portions of the plurality of plate glasses are connected in series and connected to the resistance detector. In this case, it is possible to detect cracks in a plurality of plate glasses with a small resistance detector.

  According to the present invention, even when an impact is applied to the position away from the electrode part and cracked, the entire tempered glass is cracked, so that the resistance value between the pair of electrode parts is surely increased, and the crack is reliably broken. It can be detected.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 to 3 show a glass breakage detection system used for building windows and doors. This system is a glass breakage detection system for buildings that is used to detect intruders and disasters in buildings, and detects resistance changes that occur in plate glass (break detection glass) 1 and plate glass 1 due to breakage. And a container 2.

  The plate glass 1 is attached to an opening for a glass window of a structure such as a building, and the conductive thin film 4 is formed on the entire surface 3a of the substrate 3 which is made of tempered glass by heat-treating the float plate glass (air cooling after heating). A plate glass main body is formed. Furthermore, the plate glass 1 includes electrode portions 5a and 5b arranged at two locations on the conductive thin film.

  The plate glass main body is prepared by coating a transparent conductive thin film (metal thin film) 4 on one surface of the raw glass to be the substrate 3 by an appropriate thin film forming method such as CVD or sputtering, and then heat-treating the pre-heat-treated plate glass main body. Tempered glass. By forming the thin film 4 by CVD or sputtering, the substrate 3 and the thin film 4 are easily cracked integrally.

In particular, during the process of manufacturing float plate glass, the metal thin film and the glass surface are coated by reacting and fixing (by CVD or the like) metal (metal vapor mixture gas) to the glass surface when the glass is heated. However, the glass substrate 3 and the thin film 4 are easily cracked integrally.
The thin film 4 is preferably a hard coating having a hardness of about the glass substrate 3. In the case of the above-described manufacturing method, the surface hardness of the thin film 4 is about 6 in terms of Mohs hardness, and the Mohs hardness of the glass substrate 3 is about 6.5. The hardness is about the same.

  The conductive thin film 4 may be formed by sputtering or the like after the substrate 3 is tempered into glass. When the tempered vitrification treatment is performed before the formation of the conductive thin film 4, discoloration of the conductive thin film due to the tempering heat treatment can be avoided.

The conductive thin film 4 preferably has a film thickness C of 0.05 μm to 5 μm. When the film thickness is larger than 5 μm, as shown in FIG. 4A, even if the substrate 3 is cracked, there are many cases where the break B1 in the thickness direction of the conductive film thickness 4 is not complete, and the gap between the pieces is ensured. In many cases, the increase in resistance value is not sufficiently detected without being insulated.
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4B, when the thin film 4 is thinned, the cracks generated in the substrate 3 are almost completely spread to the conductive thin film 4, and almost complete fracture B2 is generated between the fragments. Securely insulated. For example, if the film thickness is about 5 μm, an increase in resistance can be detected. When the film thickness is 3 μm or less, an increase in resistance can be detected more reliably. In most cases, an increase in resistance could be reliably detected when the thickness was 2 μm or less.
Moreover, since it will not become sufficient thickness as a film | membrane when a film thickness is smaller than 0.05 micrometer, a film thickness is 0.05 micrometer or more. More preferably, the thickness was 0.1 μm, and a particularly good thin film 4 was obtained when the film thickness was in the range of 0.1 μm to 2 μm.

  Further, as another design policy regarding the film thickness of the conductive thin film 4, it is preferable to make the thickness of the thin film 4 thinner than the fracture surface interval at the broken portion of the substrate 3. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, when the substrate 3 having a side length D1 of 1000 mm is broken, 133 break points B are generated when viewed from the side, and as a result, the length of the side is 0. In the case of the substrate 3 that extends by 0.5 mm to 1000.5 mm, the fracture surface interval E at one fracture location B is about 3.76 μm (≈500 μm ÷ 133). If the thickness C of the thin film 4 is larger than the fracture surface interval E of the substrate 3, the thin film 4 is difficult to break even if the substrate 3 is cracked, so the thin film 4 is smaller than about 3.76 μm, which is the fracture surface interval E. Is preferred. In order to break the thin film 4 more reliably, the film thickness of the thin film 4 is more preferably less than half of the interval between the fracture surfaces of the substrate 3. Therefore, for example, the film thickness 4 can be 1 μm or less.

  It should be noted that the design policy of making the film thickness smaller than the fracture surface interval E of the substrate 3 is that a film material is pasted on the thin film 4 or an intermediate film when laminated glass is positioned on the thin film 4. This is particularly preferable when the thin film 4 is protected by another member (film material, intermediate film, etc.) as in the case where the

  As a method for forming the conductive thin film 4, the thin film 4 and the substrate 3 are fused and integrated in a heat treatment process for printing the thin film by a screen printing method other than CVD or sputtering, and then drying and tempering the glass. Also good. However, in the case of the screen printing method, the film thickness tends to exceed 5 μm, and the crack detection accuracy is slightly lowered.

By forming the conductive thin film 4 on the plate glass body, current can flow on the surface of the plate glass body. The resistance value of the conductive thin film 4 is, for example, about 20 Ω / m ² when a pair of electrode portions are provided over the entire length of two opposing sides in a substantially square glass having a side of about 1 m. is there. Moreover, the plate glass main body functions as a low radiation plate glass by the metal thin film 4, and is the plate glass excellent in heat insulation.

  When the tempered glass substrate 3 is broken, the fracture surface instantly spreads over the entire surface and breaks into pieces, and the whole is broken into particles. At this time, the conductive thin film 4 coated on the surface of the substrate 3 also has the same fragmented fracture shape, and the resistance between the fractured fragments increases and becomes insulative. In order to obtain a conductive state and an insulating state between the electrode portions 5a and 5b, it is sufficient that the conductive thin film 4 is between the electrode portions 5a and 5b. That is, the conductive thin film 4 may be on the entire surface of the substrate 3, but may be partially present between the electrode portions 5 a and 5 b.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the conductive thin film 4 may be partially formed on the edge of the substrate 3, and the pair of electrode portions 5 a and 5 b may be positioned on the conductive thin film 4. By making the conductive thin film 4 unevenly distributed on the edge of the substrate 3, the glass transparency in the central region of the substrate (the range without the conductive thin film 4) can be increased. The conductive thin film 4 may not be light transmissive (transparent). In particular, when the conductive thin film 4 is partially disposed on the edge of the substrate, even if the conductive thin film 4 is not transparent, the field of view as glass is not obstructed so much. Further, when a part or all of the non-transparent conductive thin film partially disposed at the edge is positioned within a window or door frame (sash or the like) into which the plate glass is fitted, the view is hardly blocked.

  A film for preventing scattering, which is a non-conductor, may be attached on the conductive thin film 4. The conductive thin film 4 can be protected by sticking the film on the conductive thin film, and at least the conductive thin film 4 between the electrode portions 5a and 5b can be protected, so that the resistance value between the electrode portions can be stabilized. Furthermore, the electrode parts 5a and 5b can also be protected by sticking so as to cover the electrode parts 5a and 5b. And by sticking a film, even if the board | substrate 3 is cracked and fragmented, it can prevent scattering of a fragment.

  The pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b is obtained by printing and applying a conductive paste (silver paste; metal paste) on the conductive thin film 4 of the pre-heat-treated plate glass body by screen printing or the like. After the conductive paste is applied and dried, heat treatment (heating air cooling) for forming tempered glass is performed, so that the plate glass body is tempered into glass and the conductive paste is fusion bonded to the conductive thin film 4. By fusing the conductive paste to the conductive thin film 4, the conductive paste can have appropriate withstand voltage / current resistance strength and stability of the resistance value between the conductive thin film and the electrode. Moreover, peeling of the electrode parts 5a and 5b can also be prevented. The pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b may be formed after the tempering heat treatment.

The electrode portions 5a and 5b are arranged at the edge of the plate glass body, are arranged locally when viewed from the whole plate glass, and are arranged so as not to stand out in terms of the appearance of the plate glass. In the case of a plate glass fitted in a window or door frame (such as a sash), the electrode portions 5a and 5b are arranged within the range F of a frame (such as a sash) F indicated by a dotted line in FIG. Is concealed and the appearance is good. Further, the electrode portions 5a and 5b are relatively good in appearance even if only a part of them is concealed. In addition, when part or all of the electrode parts 5a and 5b are exposed outside the frame F (for example, the edge part outside the frame F, etc.), the presence of the crack detection system is notified to the intruder. And deterrence against intrusion occurs.
The electrode portions 5a and 5b are formed on the indoor side surface of the plate glass body.

The distance between the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b is generally set to 1 cm or more, more preferably 3 cm or more as a lower limit value, and set to 50 cm or less, more preferably 30 cm or less as an upper limit value, so as to be close to each other. .
In the case of ordinary tempered glass (all tempered glass) that is relatively easy to be shredded when broken, the distance between the electrode portions 5a and 5b is preferably 1 cm or more, more preferably 2 cm or more, and further preferably 3 cm or more. Similarly, in the case of ordinary tempered glass, the distance between the electrode portions 5a and 5b is preferably 15 cm or less, more preferably 10 cm or less, and further preferably 6 cm or less.

In the case of a semi-tempered glass having a relatively large glass piece when broken, it is preferably set to 20 cm or more.
More specifically, a semi-tempered glass having a relatively high degree of strengthening (stress value of about 70 MN / m ^{2 to} 90 MN / m ² ) is preferably about 20 to 50 cm, and more preferably about 20 to 30 cm.
30-120 cm is preferable for a semi-strengthening medium degree (stress value of about 40 MN / m ^{2 to} 70 MN / m ² ).
Those semi-tempered low degree (stress value 20MN ^{/ m 2} ~40MN ^/ m 2 or so) is 120~480cm is preferred.

As a basic idea of the interval setting, if the interval is too small compared to the size of the chopped glass, there is a possibility that the electrode portions 5a and 5b may not be broken, so a certain interval is necessary. On the other hand, if the interval is too large, the electrodes 5a and 5b are too far apart, and handling of the wiring connected to the electrode portions 5a and 5b becomes complicated.
The size of the fragments when the glass is broken depends on the degree of strengthening of the tempered glass, that is, the value of the compressive stress remaining on the surface, which is large, medium and small, and the larger the stress, the smaller the fragments. Therefore, the interval between the electrode portions 5a and 5b can be set according to the degree of reinforcement (size of fragments).

When the pair of electrode parts 5a and 5b are provided on the same side, the distance between the electrode parts 5a and 5b is preferably less than or equal to half the length of the side. For example, in the case of the substrate 3 having a side of 510 cm, the distance between the pair of electrodes 5a and 5b is preferably 255 cm or less.
Further, the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b may be arranged on the edge portion of the same side 20 of the substrate 3 as shown in FIG. 1, or as shown in FIG. 16 (a). In the vicinity of the corner portion 6, the two adjacent sides (for example, side 20 and side 21) may be distributed and arranged. The pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b may be simply arranged on the two adjacent sides, but as shown in FIG. 16A, the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b is close to the corner portion 6 that is the intersection of the two adjacent sides. The corner portion 6 is preferably closer to the center position of each side. In FIG. 16, illustration of wirings and terminals connected to the electrode portions 5a and 5b is omitted.

  In addition, when the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b is provided in the vicinity of the edge portion and the corner portion 6, the wiring connected to the electrode portions 5a and 5b is easily handled and the reliability of crack detection is improved. There is also an effect. The edge part is heated and air-cooled also from the lip (side face) in the heat treatment in tempered vitrification, so that it is heated at a higher temperature than the center part (part other than the edge part) of the substrate 3 and more rapidly. To be cooled. In particular, the vicinity of the corner portion 6 is heated and air-cooled from each of the two ends that intersect with each other. Therefore, the distribution of the strengthening degree in the substrate 3 is not uniform, and the strengthening degree is relatively high in the edge portion, particularly in the vicinity of the corner portion 6. Therefore, the edge portion and the vicinity of the corner portion 6 are particularly finely broken when the substrate 3 is cracked. Therefore, by providing the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b in the vicinity of the edge portion, particularly in the vicinity of the corner portion 6, the reliability of crack detection is significantly improved.

  Furthermore, when the paired electrode portions 5a and 5b are distributed and arranged on the two adjacent sides (for example, the side 20 and the side 21) in the vicinity of the corner portion 6, there is another situation for improving the reliability of crack detection. To do. As shown in FIG. 16A, the main route of the current flowing between the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b (the conductive thin film 4) is a route close to a straight line connecting the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b. The route is roughly divided into a straight route s 2, a center-side bypass route s 3 that is a route detouring to the center side of the substrate 3, and an edge-side detour route s 1 that is a route detouring to the edge side of the substrate 3. Here, when the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b is provided on the edge portion of the same side (for example, the same side 20) and in the vicinity of the edge of the edge portion, (b) of FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, there is a current flowing through the straight route s2 and the central bypass route s3, but there is almost no current flowing through the marginal bypass route s1. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 16 (a), when the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b are distributed and arranged on the two adjacent sides in the vicinity of the corner portion 6, the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b are arranged. Even if they are arranged close to the edges of the sides 21 and 20, respectively, a current flowing portion is secured in the corner portion of the corner portion 6, so that the current flowing through the edge detour route s1 in addition to the routes s2 and s3. Sufficiently secured. Due to the presence of the detour route s1, the resistance value between the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b when the substrate 3 is not cracked can be relatively lowered, and the resistance value between when the crack is generated and when no crack is generated. Since the difference can be increased, the reliability of crack detection can be further increased.

  Note that, in the edge portion, the portion having a particularly high degree of strengthening and easy to be fragmented is, for example, in the range of the width hw1 (see FIG. 16) within 5 cm from the edge if the substrate 3 has a thickness of about 3 mm to 5 mm. Among them, the particularly high degree of strengthening is in the range where the width hw1 is within 3 cm. Therefore, it is preferable to provide a pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b in the range of these edge portions. Further, in the vicinity of the corner portion 6, the portion having a particularly high degree of strengthening and easy to be fragmented is, for example, the substrate 3 having a thickness of about 3 mm to 5 mm, the distance from the corner portion 6 (the two sides intersecting each other in the corner portion 6). The distance in the direction in which the angle formed is equally divided) hw2 is within a range of 7 cm, and the particularly high degree of strengthening is the range where the distance hw2 is within 6 cm. Therefore, it is particularly preferable to provide the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b in the vicinity of these corner portions 6.

The pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b may be provided on two opposite sides (side 20 and side 21, side 21 and side 23) of the substrate 3. Alternatively, the pair of electrode portions 5 a and 5 b may be provided on the diagonal of the substrate 3.
Further, a plurality of pairs of electrode portions 5a and 5b may be provided.

When the paired electrode portions 5a and 5b are close to each other, a low resistance R1 of about 30Ω is secured between the electrode portions 5a and 5b by the conductive thin film 4 between the electrode portions. Further, even when the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b are talked about 480 cm, the resistance becomes a low value of about 160Ω.
When the plate glass 1 is not broken, the resistance value between the electrode portions 5a and 5b is low, but when the plate glass 1 is broken, the resistance value between the electrode portions 5a and 5b increases. In other words, since the substrate 3 is tempered glass, the substrate 3 as a whole is broken and broken into pieces regardless of the position on the plate glass, and the conductive thin film 4 is also broken into pieces as the substrate 3 is broken. (In the case of semi-tempered glass, it is also referred to as “small fragmentation”).

  As a result, the conductive thin film between the electrode portions 5a and 5b that are locally arranged close to each other on the plate glass 1 is also surely broken, and the electrode portions 5a and 5b are disconnected, and the resistance value is increased. In this embodiment, when the substrate 3 is cracked, the resistance of the electrode portions 5a and 5b increases from a low resistance to a substantially insulated state (several MΩ), and the resistance increase is large, so that a change in resistance can be reliably detected.

For example, even if an intruder into the house breaks the vicinity P of the lock F on the side opposite to the side where the electrode portions 5a and 5b of the plate glass 1 are, the break is immediately on the opposite side. Since it spreads between the electrode portions 5a and 5b, the resistance is surely increased. As described above, the electrode portions 5a and 5b are arranged at a local position called the edge portion, and the two electrode portions 5a and 5b are arranged close to each other, but apart from other than between the electrode portions 5a and 5b. Even if a crack is generated at a certain position or a crack is generated in a part of the plate glass, a certain increase in the resistance R1 can be obtained, and the degree of freedom of arrangement of the electrode portions 5a and 5b is high. Furthermore, even if the detector 2 is connected to the electrode portions 5a and 5b, the current flows only locally as the electrode portions 5a and 5b, so that there is almost no heat generation as the plate glass body, and the power efficiency is good.
Moreover, since the crack of the board | substrate 3 spreads over the whole surface, even if there is only one pair of electrode part 5a, 5b, a crack can be detected reliably.

  The resistance value R1 between the electrode portions 5a and 5b is 10 Ω to 200 Ω, preferably 10 Ω to 100 Ω, so that the difference from the resistance value that increases due to breakage between the electrode portions increases, and detection is possible. Easy and advantageous. That is, when the electrode portions 5a and 5b are completely disconnected electrically, the resistance value R1 between the electrode portions 5a and 5b becomes infinite, and an increase in resistance can be detected reliably, but the electrode portion 5a , 5b is not complete (when a partial conductive state is maintained), the resistance value increases, but the relative increase amount decreases. For this reason, if the resistance value between the electrode parts 5a and 5b before cracking is too large, it is difficult to detect an increase in the resistance value, and there is a risk of false detection if the breakage is not complete, but between the electrode parts 5a and 5b. By keeping the resistance value low, the relative increase is increased, and reliable detection can be performed even when the fracture is not complete.

  As shown in FIG. 1, leads 8a and 8b connecting the glass sheet 1 and the resistance detector 2 are attached to the electrode portions 5a and 5b, respectively. Specifically, the terminals 9a and 9b of the lead wires 8a and 8b are attached to the electrode portions 5a and 5b by soldering. By forming the electrode portions 5a and 5b, the terminals 9a and 9b can be easily mounted on the plate glass 1 by soldering. It is sufficient that the electrode portions 5a and 5b are locally formed with a size that can solder the terminals 9a and 9b, and a small one is sufficient as shown in FIG. Therefore, the amount of expensive conductive paste used can be reduced.

When the detection is performed by connecting the detector 2 to the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b, the surface power density between the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b is preferably low. Degradation of the conductive thin film 4 can be prevented by keeping the surface power density low. Moreover, when the film and the intermediate film of a laminated glass are located on the conductive thin film 4, the deterioration of the film or the intermediate film can be prevented. Specifically, the surface power density between the pair of electrode portions 5a, 5b is preferably at 0.1 W / cm ² or less, more preferably 0.06 W / cm ² or less.

In order to reduce the surface power density, the supplied power may be suppressed by reducing the voltage between the electrodes, but a large area may be secured between the electrodes 5a and 5b. In order to increase the area between the electrodes, the distance G between the electrodes 5a and 5b may be increased, but the width W of the electrodes 5a and 5b may be increased.
For example, as shown in FIG. 7, when the pair of electrodes 5 a and 5 b are arranged on the same side 20 of the substrate 3, the length H of the electrodes 5 a and 5 b in the direction parallel to the side 20 By adopting a shape in which the length W of the electrodes 5a and 5b in the direction orthogonal to the side 20 is longer, a large area between the electrodes can be secured even if the length G is short.

  When the electrodes 5a and 5b are formed longer from the side 20 on which the electrodes are provided toward the inside of the substrate 3, the inside of the substrate 3 than the frame F of the glass 1 (from the position F indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 7). Further, by projecting the electrodes 5a and 5b to the right side), the presence of the electrodes 5a and 5b can be noticed by the intruder and a deterrent can be exerted. Further, when the electrodes 5a and 5b are formed long from the side 20 where the electrodes are provided toward the inside of the substrate 3, but the size of the entire electrode is concealed by the frame F, the appearance is good. It becomes.

  FIGS. 8A to 8E show modifications of the arrangement and shape of the electrodes 5a and 5b and the positions of the terminals 9a and 9b of the wirings 8a and 8b, and any of them can be adopted. In addition, FIG.8 (e) is equipped with the electrode extension parts 5c and 5d which do not contribute substantially to a crack detection, and these electrode extension parts 5c and 5d are also made from an electrically conductive paste.

  FIG. 9 shows another modification of the arrangement and shape of the electrodes 5a and 5b and the positions of the terminals 9a and 9b of the wirings 8a and 8b. In this modification, the distance at the connection location of the terminals 9a and 9b is shorter than the distance between the electrodes 5a and 5b. That is, the range shown by the cross hatching in FIG. 9 between the electrodes 5a and 5b is that the conductive thin film 4 is not formed or is removed after the formation, and the glass substrate 3 is exposed and the insulating range is exposed. J. An electrode extension 5e extends from one electrode 5b within the insulation range J to a connection electrode 5f in the vicinity of the other electrode 5a. The electrode extension portion 5e and the connection electrode portion 5f are also formed by the same manufacturing method as the electrodes 5a and 5b.

By separating the electrode portion 5b for detecting cracks from the electrode portion 5f for connecting terminals and reducing the distance between the electrode portions 5a, 5f to which the terminals are connected, the wiring 8a, 8b can be handled easily. Become.
On the other hand, since the gap between the electrode portions 5a and 5b for crack detection is large, the number of breaks between the electrode portions 5a and 5b can be increased, and crack detection is ensured.

In addition, since the insulation range J is secured on the surface of the substrate 3 and the electrode extension 5e is formed in the insulation range J, the electrode portion 5b for crack detection and the electrode portion 5f for terminal connection are separated. be able to.
By providing the electrode extension portion 5e and the terminal connection electrode portion 5f at a position (edge portion as shown) concealed by the frame F, the appearance can be kept good.
In addition, the electrode part 5b for crack detection and the electrode part 5f for terminal connection should just be formed in the insulation range in which the conductive thin film 4 is not formed, and the side surface (the end of the substrate 3) or the conductive thin film 4 is formed. It may be the opposite side of the surface.

  FIG. 10 shows still another modification of the arrangement and shape of the electrode portions 5a and 5b and the positions of the terminals 9a and 9b of the wirings 8a and 8b. In the example of FIG. 9, the electrode portions 5 a and 5 b are provided on the same side 20. However, in the example of FIG. 10, the electrode portions 5 a and 5 b are distributed on the two adjacent sides, and are used for crack detection. Apart from the electrode parts 5a and 5b, terminal connection electrode parts 5f and 5h are provided for the respective electrode parts 5a and 5b. In the example of FIG. 10 as well, the position where the terminals 9a and 9b are connected can be reduced while increasing the distance between the electrode portions 5a and 5b for detecting cracks.

  As illustrated in the embodiment shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, an insulating range J can be provided on the surface of the substrate 3 on which the conductive thin film 4 is formed to regulate a region where current flows. In particular, the detection of cracking is ensured by providing an insulation range J and ensuring that the resistance value between the electrode portions 5a and 5b at the time of cracking is increased as compared with the case without the insulation range J. be able to. The insulating range J can be easily produced by not forming the conductive thin film 4 as described above, or by removing (deleting) after the formation.

  Returning to FIG. 3, the resistance detector 2 detects a change in the resistance R <b> 1 and has a bridge circuit including the resistance R <b> 1 on the plate glass 1 side. As the resistors constituting the bridge circuit, resistors R2, R3, and R4 are provided in the detector 2, and when the glass plate 1 is not broken (when R1 = about 30Ω), the potential V2 between R1 and R2 The values of the resistors R2, R3, and R4 are set so that the potential V1 between R3 and R4 is equal. At this time, the output (alarm output signal) of the differential amplifier 10 having V1 and V2 as inputs becomes small (= 0).

On the other hand, if the glass sheet 1 is broken and the resistance value R1 increases, the difference between V1 and V2 increases, the bridge balance is lost, and the output of the differential amplifier 10 increases. The output of the differential amplifier 10 is given to an alarm device (not shown), and an alarm for glass breakage can be issued indoors, outdoors, or a security company. Thus, this system provides a reliable alarm for glass breakage due to intruders in buildings or disasters.
Further, as shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B, the resistance detector 2 transmits information regarding the glass crack obtained from the resistance value detected by the resistance detector 2 to the outside of the crack detection system. The transmission unit 40 may be provided. In this case, for example, a change in the output of the differential amplifier 10 of the resistance detector 2 is transmitted to the outside of the crack detection system as information regarding the glass break via the transmitter 40. Examples of the outside of the crack detection system that transmits information related to glass breakage include alarms installed indoors and outdoors in buildings where glass is installed, security systems of security companies, mobile terminals such as mobile phones, etc. is there. As information transmission means from the transmitting unit 40 to the outside of the crack detection system, a wired or wireless communication line or the like can be used. In this way, by providing the transmitter 40 that transmits information regarding the glass breakage obtained from the resistance value detected by the resistance detector 2 to the outside of the system, a reliable alarm against glass breakage due to an intruder into the building or a disaster And a system capable of quickly responding to glass breakage.

Note that the method for detecting the change in the resistance R1 is not limited to the above-described method, and other methods may be employed as long as the change in the resistance is detected.
The voltage Vcc applied to the bridge circuit is preferably about 3 to 24 VDC. As a power source for the resistance detector, a storage battery may be used so as to cope with a power failure.
Moreover, since the resistance detector 2 can be reduced in size, it may be incorporated in the frame of a window or a door, or may be exposed to the outside such as being disposed on a glass surface.
Further, the transmitter 40 may be anything as long as it can transmit information on the glass breakage obtained from the resistance value detected by the resistance detector 2 to the outside of the system. For example, the resistance value of the resistor R1 is caused by the glass breakage. A signal (abnormal signal) may be generated outside the system only when it increases, or a presence or absence of an increase in resistance value due to glass breakage may be transmitted to the outside of the system constantly or periodically. Alternatively, the resistance value itself of the resistor R1 may be transmitted to the outside of the system constantly or periodically.

FIG. 11 shows another configuration example of the crack detection system. This system detects cracks in a plurality of glasses 1 mounted in a glass opening of a building, and a plurality of glasses 1 as resistors are connected in series and connected to a single detector 2. . FIG. 11B shows the connection state of FIG. 11A as a circuit diagram, and the resistor R1 between the electrode portions 5a and 5b is connected to the detector 2 in a state of being connected in series. When any one of the glasses 1 breaks, the resistance value of the circuit increases, and the detector 2 can detect the crack. Thus, since the some glass 1 is connected in series, it is not necessary to prepare the detector 2 for the number of sheets of glass, and a structure is simplified.
Moreover, since the resistance value R1 of one glass is comparatively small, even if a plurality of glasses are connected in series, the resistance value is not so high, and the degree of increase in resistance when the glass is broken can be kept large.

12 and 13 show a glass sheet 1 according to the second embodiment. Note that points not particularly described in the second embodiment are the same as those described above.
This plate glass 1 is a laminated glass with an intermediate film 14 sandwiched between a first plate glass constituted by a tempered glass substrate 3 having a conductive thin film 4 and a second plate glass 12 made of raw plate glass. is there. The first plate glass is laminated and vitrified with the conductive thin film 4 side as the intermediate film 14 side, that is, the inner side. And this plate glass 1 is the plate glass 1 which can detect the crack comprised by the intermediate film 14 being sandwiched between the 1st plate glass and the 2nd plate glass 12, and was comprised as a laminated glass, Comprising: The 1st glass plate is the whole. Between the conductive thin film 4 formed on the surface of the substrate 3 on the side of the intermediate film 14, the conductive thin film 4 and the intermediate film 14, And a pair of electrode portions 15a and 15b that are arranged close to each other at a predetermined interval at the edge portion of the substrate 3.

  The electrodes 15a and 15b to which the lead wires extending from the resistance detector 2 are connected are formed of a small piece (metal piece; copper piece) of a conductor, and are sandwiched and fixed between the conductive thin film 4 and the intermediate film 14. Yes. The electrodes 15a and 15b protrude to the side of the plate glass 1, and the lead wires are attached to the portions of the electrodes 15a and 15b protruding from the plate glass 1 by soldering or the like. The protruding portions of the electrodes 15a and 15b may not be disturbed by bending or the like.

  The electrodes 15a and 15b are sandwiched between the conductive thin film 4 and the intermediate film 14 before the crimping process for forming a laminated glass, and the electrodes 15a and 15b are sandwiched between the electrodes 15a and 15b. By performing heating and roller pressing, the first and second plate glasses are integrated, and the electrodes 15a and 15b are fixed. It is to be noted that the vicinity of the electrodes 15a and 15b is sealed with a synthetic resin such as an epoxy-based adhesive so that moisture or the like enters the glass 1 from the vicinity of the electrodes 15a and 15b and the intermediate film 14 near the electrodes does not become cloudy. preferable.

  By configuring the entire plate glass 1 as laminated glass, the broken pieces are not scattered and are not easily shattered, so that the intruder can be delayed. In addition, the conductive thin film 4 and the electrode portions 15a and 15b can be protected by the intermediate film 14 for forming laminated glass, and at least the conductive thin film 4 between the electrode portions 15a and 15b is protected, so The resistance value can be stabilized.

In addition, when the 2nd glass plate 12 is made into tempered glass, it is preferable at the point which is easy to ensure the fracture surface space | interval E (refer FIG. 5) sufficiently. That is, when the plate glass 1 is a laminated glass, the fragmented first plate glass is constrained by the intermediate film 14, so that the fracture surface interval E is smaller than when the intermediate film 14 is not provided. However, if the second plate glass 12 is also tempered glass in addition to the first plate glass, the cracks spread throughout the second plate glass 12 and fragmented, so that the restraint of the first plate glass by the intermediate film 14 is relaxed. The fracture surface interval E can be made relatively large.
On the other hand, when the 2nd glass sheet 12 is made into raw glass like said 2nd embodiment, the manufacturing cost of the plate glass 1 can be reduced. However, in this case, since the second plate glass 12 is not easily broken like the tempered glass and is not shredded, the restraint of the first plate glass by the intermediate film 14 is relaxed by the shredding of the second plate glass 12. The fracture surface interval E becomes relatively small. Therefore, particularly when the second plate glass 12 is a green plate glass, it is preferable to eliminate the intermediate film 14 locally in the vicinity of the pair of electrode portions in order to increase the fracture surface interval E. Examples of this preferred embodiment are the following third and fourth embodiments.

  Fig.17 (a) is a front view of the plate glass 1 which is 3rd Embodiment of this invention, FIG.17 (b) is the side view. As shown in FIG. 17B, the plate glass 1 is configured as a laminated glass with an intermediate film 14 sandwiched between a substrate 3 as a first plate glass and a second plate glass 12. The conductive thin film 4 is formed on the surface of the substrate 3 on the intermediate film 14 side. The substrate 3 as the first plate glass is tempered glass, and the second plate glass 12 is raw glass.

  The pair of electrode portions 5 a and 5 b are provided on the conductive thin film 4 and are disposed close to each other at the edge of the substrate 3. Further, the pair of electrode portions 5 a and 5 b are provided in the vicinity of the corner portion 35, and the pair of electrode portions 5 a and 5 b are provided on the same side 31 side of the plate glass 1.

  The glass sheet 1 of the third embodiment has a non-matching portion 30 where the intermediate film 14 does not locally exist in a part on the edge portion of the substrate 3. The range of the non-matching portion 30 is a substantially rectangular range including both the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b, and includes a single region including the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b and the periphery of each of the electrode portions 5a and 5b. One range. Only the intermediate film 14 is removed from the non-matching portion 30, and the substrate 3, the conductive thin film 4, and the second plate glass 12 are present. And in the non-matching part 30 of this embodiment, the protective material 36 (it shows with the broken-line hatching in FIG. 17 (a) and (b)) is filled between the 2nd glass plate 12 and the board | substrate 3 (the conductive thin film 4). Has been. The protective material 36 is made of a material having higher flexibility than the intermediate film 14, for example, a silicon sealant material, rubber, elastomer or the like. The protective material 36 is in close contact with the surface of the conductive thin film 4 provided on the inner side of the substrate 3 and the inner surface of the second glass sheet 12 and covers the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b. A pair of electrode portions 5 a and 5 b are provided in the single non-matching portion 30.

  The intermediate film 14 is a constraining film that is provided on the substrate 3 and restrains fragments generated by substrate cracking with a predetermined restraining force. Further, the non-matching portion 30 is a restraint force changing portion 50 that does not have the intermediate film 14 as a restraint film or is restrained by a restraint force that is less than a predetermined restraint force by the intermediate film 14.

  As shown to Fig.17 (a), the non-matching part 30 which has a pair of electrode parts 5a and 5b is provided in the corner part 35 vicinity where the edge | side 31 and the edge | side 32 which the 1st plate glass adjoins intersect. And the non-matching part 30 which has a pair of electrode parts 5a and 5b is provided facing two adjacent sides 31 and 32 of the board | substrate 3 which is a 1st glass plate.

  Fig.18 (a) is a front view of the plate glass 1 which is 4th Embodiment of this invention, FIG.18 (b) is the side view. In the fourth embodiment, as in the third embodiment, the second glass sheet 12 is a green glass sheet, and the intermediate film 14 is locally present on a part of the edge of the substrate 3 that is the first glass sheet. A non-matching portion 30 is provided. And it is the same as that of 3rd Embodiment that the pair electrode part 5a, 5b is provided in the single non-matching part 30. FIG. Further, as in the third embodiment, the non-matching portion 30 is provided in the vicinity of the corner portion 35 where the two adjacent sides 31 and 32 of the substrate 3 intersect, and the non-matching portion 30 is adjacent to the substrate 3. It is provided facing the sides 31 and 32.

  As in the third embodiment, the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b are provided on the conductive thin film 4, and are disposed close to each other at the edge of the substrate 3. Further, the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b are It is provided in the vicinity of the corner portion 35. However, unlike the third embodiment, the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b are distributed and arranged on the adjacent two sides 31 and 32 side of the glass sheet 1.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of the glass sheet 1 of the fourth embodiment. In the fourth embodiment, unlike the third embodiment, the second glass sheet 12 does not exist in the non-matching portion 30. In the non-matching portion 30, not only the intermediate film 14 does not exist but also the second glass sheet 12 does not exist. Then, instead of the intermediate film 14 and the second glass sheet 12, a protective material 36 having a substantially isosceles right triangle shape with the sides 31 and 32 as two oblique sides and the corner portion 35 as an apex (FIG. 18A). , (B) and FIG. 19 (shown by broken line hatching) are bonded to the conductive thin film 4. As described above, the material of the protective material 36 is made of a material (rubber, silicon sealant, elastomer, etc.) that is more flexible than the protective material 36.
Thus, in the fourth embodiment, the range of the non-matching portion 30 is a range of a substantially right isosceles triangle including both the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b, and the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b are mutually It is set as the single range containing the space | interval and each circumference | surroundings of each electrode part 5a, 5b. The second glass plate 12 is combined with the protective material 36 to form the same plate shape as the substrate 3 (in this embodiment, a rectangle), and this is the same for the intermediate film 14.

The third embodiment and the fourth embodiment have the following operational effects.
First, the effects common to the third and fourth embodiments will be described.
Since the substrate 3 which is the first plate glass is made of tempered glass, the cracks are spread over and broken into pieces, and the cracks can be reliably detected. Moreover, since the plate glass 1 is comprised as laminated glass, scattering of the broken piece of broken glass is prevented. Further, the conductive thin film 4 is protected by the intermediate film 14 in portions other than the non-matching portion 30. In addition, since the pair of electrode portions are provided at the edge portions that have a relatively high degree of reinforcement and are easily fragmented, the reliability of crack detection is increased.

By making the 2nd plate glass 12 into a green plate glass, cost reduction can be aimed at compared with the case where the 2nd plate glass 12 is used as a tempered glass.
However, there is also a problem caused by using the second plate glass 12 as a green plate glass. When the laminated glass is formed, fragments at the time of substrate cracking are constrained by the intermediate film, so that the fracture surface interval tends to be smaller than in the case without the intermediate film. And when the 2nd plate glass 12 is raw plate glass, the fracture | rupture form at the time of a fracture | rupture differs remarkably from a tempered glass, a fracture surface does not spread | diffuse to the whole, and a fragment does not fragment. Therefore, in this case, the first plate glass (substrate 3) is restrained by the second plate glass 12 in addition to the intermediate film 14, and the fracture surface interval E (see FIG. 5) at the time of substrate cracking is reduced, and the resistance at the time of substrate cracking is increased. Will be suppressed.
However, in the third and fourth embodiments in which the non-matching portion 30 is provided, the substrate 3 is not restrained by the intermediate film 12. Further, the protective material 36 is in close contact with the substrate 3 (the conductive thin film 4 thereof). The protective material 36 is made of a material more flexible than the intermediate film 14 and is pressure-bonded like the intermediate film 14. Instead, the adhesion to the substrate 3 is weaker than that of the intermediate film 14. Accordingly, in the non-matching portion 30, compared to the case where the intermediate film 14 is present, the fracture surface interval E between the glass fragments at the time of substrate cracking is increased, and further, the second plate glass that is raw glass due to the absence of the intermediate film 14. Therefore, there is no influence on the fracture surface interval E due to the fact that the second plate glass 12 is a green plate glass. Therefore, the resistance increase at the time of substrate cracking can be increased while reducing the cost of the second glass sheet 12, and crack detection can be ensured. And since the pair of electrode parts 5a and 5b are provided in the single non-matching part 30, the glass crack in the said non-matching part 30 ensures the board | substrate 3 between the pair of electrode parts 5a and 5b reliably. Break. Further, when the conductive thin film 4 of the substrate 3 is provided on the inner side, that is, on the intermediate film 14 side, it is necessary to connect wiring to the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b provided on the inner side of the substrate 3, so that each electrode portion is particularly preferred. Handling of wiring connected to 5a and 5b tends to be troublesome. However, even in this case, since the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b are disposed close to the edge portion of the substrate 3, the wiring can be easily handled.

  In the third and fourth embodiments, the non-matching portion 30 having the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b is provided in the vicinity of the corner portion 35 where the two adjacent sides 31 and 32 of the substrate 3 intersect, Since the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b are provided in the vicinity of the high corner portion 35, the substrate cracks between the electrode portions 5a and 5b are easily fragmented. Therefore, due to a synergistic effect with the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b provided in the non-matching portion 30, an increase in resistance at the time of substrate cracking is increased, and crack detection is ensured. Furthermore, by providing the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b in the vicinity of the corner portion 35, the wiring connected to the electrode portion can be easily handled.

When a crack is generated, a fracture surface interval E is generated between the pieces, so that the first plate glass is elongated by the interval E. In the third and fourth embodiments, the non-matching portion 30 is located in the vicinity of the corner portion 35 and the substrate 3 faces the two adjacent sides 31 and 32. 32 is open toward the outside of the first glass sheet (outside in the in-plane direction). That is, both sides 31 and 32 of the non-matching portion 30 constitute the end face of the substrate 3, and the intermediate film 14 that restrains the extension of the non-matching portion 30 does not exist outside these two sides 31 and 32. Therefore, the 1st glass plate of a non-matching part becomes easy to extend in direction k1 and direction k2 (refer to Drawing 17 (a) and Drawing 18 (a)) which are two directions along each of the 2 sides 31 and 32 concerned. Since the fracture surface interval E can be increased, the increase in resistance at the time of occurrence of a crack can be increased to ensure crack detection.
In addition, even when the non-matching portion 30 as the binding force changing portion 50 is provided on one side instead of the two adjacent sides, the non-matching portion 30 is opened toward the one side, Since it becomes easy to extend in one direction orthogonal to one side, the fracture surface interval E tends to be large, which is preferable. Further, the configuration in which the restraining force changing portion 50 faces two adjacent sides is particularly effective because it easily extends in two directions as described above.

  Since the non-matching portion 30 is provided with a protective material 36 covering the conductive thin film 4 and the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b, the non-matching portion 30 protects the conductive thin film 4 and the electrode portions 5a and 5b. In addition, since the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b are not exposed, safety and aesthetics can be improved. Since the protective material 36 is made of a material having higher flexibility than the intermediate film 14, the binding force to the substrate 3 that has been cut into pieces is weaker than that of the intermediate film 14, and the fracture surface interval E is relatively large. I can do it.

As shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, in the fourth embodiment, unlike the third embodiment, the pair of electrode portions 5 a and 5 b provided in the single non-matching portion 30 are adjacent to the substrate 3. Since the two sides 31 and 32 are arranged in close proximity to each other, wiring connected to the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b can be simplified. In addition, since the distance between the pair of electrodes can be easily secured in the locally provided non-matching portion 30 by arranging the two adjacent sides 31 and 32, the pair of electrode portions at the time of occurrence of a crack. The number of fracture surfaces existing between 5a and 5b can be increased, and crack detection can be ensured.
Unlike the third embodiment, in the fourth embodiment, not only the intermediate film 14 but also the second glass sheet 12 does not exist in the non-matching portion 30, but this makes it easier to install the protective material 36. Is preferable. On the other hand, when the 2nd glass plate 12 facing the 1st glass plate is provided also in the non-matching part 30 like 3rd Embodiment, the 2nd glass plate 12 shall be made into the same shape as a 1st glass plate. Therefore, it is relatively advantageous in appearance.

  In the substrate 3 in the third and fourth embodiments, the portion other than the non-matching portion 30 of the substrate 3 is restrained by the intermediate film 14 with a predetermined restraining force, while the restraint film is used in the vicinity of the pair of electrode portions. Since the non-matching portion 30 is provided as the restraining force changing portion 50 that is not restrained by the intermediate film 14 or has a relatively weak restraining force, the non-matching portion 30 is more cracked than the portion restrained by the predetermined restraining force. The fracture surface interval E is increased, the resistance increase when the substrate is cracked is increased, and crack detection can be ensured.

  In the above embodiment, the intermediate film 14 is exemplified as the constraining film, but the constraining film is not limited to this, and may be, for example, a film material attached to the substrate 3 as described above. The method for providing the restraint force changing portion 50 is not limited to the example of the non-matching portion 30 in the laminated glass described above, and there is no constraint film such as an intermediate film or a film material in the vicinity of the pair of electrode portions 5a and 5b, for example. In addition to the method of configuring, a method of relatively weakening or eliminating the adhesive force between the constraining film and the substrate 3 in the vicinity of the pair of electrode parts, or another method of disposing the constraining film in the vicinity of the pair of electrode parts. Examples thereof include a method of using a material that is more flexible than the constraining film.

Therefore, the restraining force changing portion 50 can be provided in addition to the laminated glass. For example, the conductive thin film 4 on the substrate 3 is formed as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, and the pair of electrode portions 5a is formed on the conductive thin film 4. , 5b, a film material may be pasted on the conductive thin film 4, and no film material may exist in the vicinity of the pair of electrode portions 5a, 5b. In this case, the portion where the film material does not exist becomes the restraint force changing portion 50.
However, since the intermediate film 14 in the plate glass 1 configured as a laminated glass has a stronger restraining force on the substrate 3 than the film material, the effect of providing the restraining force changing portion 50 is that the restraining force changing portion 50 is The case where the mating portion 30 is used is particularly effective.

In addition, as described above, as a method of providing the restraint force change portion 50, there is a method of relatively weakening or eliminating the adhesive force between the restraint film and the substrate 3 in the vicinity of the pair of electrode portions. This example will be described. In the third and fourth embodiments, the non-matching portion 30 is provided. However, as the restraining force changing portion 50 that replaces the non-matching portion 30, the intermediate film 14 is present on the first plate glass and It is good also as a plate glass which provided the non-adhered part which is not mutually fixed with 1 plate glass (illustration omitted). In this case, similarly to the non-adhered portion 30, the non-adhered portion is almost free from restraint of the intermediate film 14 on the first glass plate, so the fracture surface interval E in the non-adhered portion is relatively large, and the crack detection is ensured. Can be improved.
In order to form such a non-fixed portion, for example, in the manufacturing process of laminated glass, a film that prevents the first substrate and the interlayer film for laminated glass from sticking before the step of performing pressure bonding to form laminated glass. The manufacturing method which adds the step which interposes adhesion prevention members, such as these, can be employ | adopted. Further, a manufacturing method may be adopted in which a step of removing the sticking prevention member is further applied after the pressure bonding. As an anti-adhesion member, a member that can withstand the heat and pressure at the time of pressure bonding and easily peels off from the first substrate or intermediate layer after the pressure bonding step, or a member that does not easily adhere to the first substrate or intermediate film Is preferable, and examples thereof include a polyethylene film. This anti-adhesion member such as a polyethylene film may be removed after pressure bonding, or may be a non-adhesion portion that remains between the first substrate and the intermediate layer. In particular, when it is used as a laminated glass with an anti-adhesion member interposed, it is preferable that the end is sealed with a sealing material such as a silicone sealant because water or the like easily enters from the end of the non-adhering portion.

In the case of the plate glass 1 having a structure in which the electrode portions 15a and 15b are sandwiched by the laminated glass structure, even when the substrate 3 is already heat-treated tempered glass in a state where the conductive thin film 4 is not coated on the substrate 3 of the first plate glass, It can be easily handled. That is, since the electrode portions 15a and 15b are fixed by pressure bonding to form laminated glass and do not require fusion, heat treatment for forming tempered glass can be performed independently. Therefore, it is possible to manufacture the heat-treated tempered glass substrate 3 without the conductive thin film 4 and form the conductive thin film 4 on the substrate 3 by sputtering or the like as a subsequent process.
Such a method for producing a laminated glass is effective for producing the tempered glass of the present invention from a simple tempered glass substrate that has already been produced.

  In order to sandwich the electrode portions 15a and 15b between the conductive thin film 4 and the intermediate film 14, the electrode portions 15a and 15b may be placed on the conductive thin film 4, and the intermediate film 14 may be further placed. Alternatively, the intermediate film 14 may be placed on the conductive film 4, and then the electrode portions 15 a and 15 b may be inserted between the conductive thin film 4 and the intermediate film 14.

  The plate glass in the present invention may be flat or curved. Moreover, the plate glass of this invention is employable also as a part (either indoor side or the outdoor side) or all of the glass which comprises a multilayer glass. Moreover, as an arrangement | positioning of an electrode part, what is shown in FIG.14 and FIG.15 is employable as one of embodiment of this invention.

It is a front view of the plate glass which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a side view of the plate glass which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a circuit diagram of a resistance detector. (A) is a figure which shows the state from which the fracture | rupture of a glass substrate has not spread to the thin film completely because the film thickness of a thin film is thick, (b) is a figure where the fracture | rupture of a glass substrate is thin because the film thickness of a thin film is thin. It is a figure which shows the state which has spread completely. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the fracture surface interval of a glass substrate, and a film thickness. It is a top view which shows the example in which the thin film is formed only in a part of surface of a board | substrate. It is a fragmentary top view which shows the example in which the electrode part was long formed in the direction orthogonal to the edge | side of a board | substrate. It is a top view which shows the modification of an electrode part. It is a fragmentary top view which shows the modification of electrode parts. It is a fragmentary top view which shows the modification of electrode parts. It is a figure which shows the modification of a system. It is a front view of the plate glass which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is AA sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is a top view which shows the example which provided the electrode which opposes 2 sides of glass. It is a top view which shows the example which provided many electrodes in the edge part of glass. It is a figure for demonstrating the preferable range of a periphery part and a corner part vicinity. (A) is a front view of the plate glass which is 3rd Embodiment of this invention, (b) is the side view. (A) is a front view of the plate glass which is 4th Embodiment of this invention, (b) is the side view. It is a perspective view of the plate glass which is 4th Embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Plate glass 2 Resistance detector 3 Board | substrate 4 Conductive thin film 5a Electrode 5b Electrode 12 2nd plate glass 14 Intermediate film 15a Electrode 15b Electrode 30 Non-matching part

Claims (22)

A glass substrate, a conductive thin film formed on the surface of the substrate, and a pair of electrode portions provided on the conductive thin film,
The glass substrate is made of tempered glass, and even if a crack occurs in any position of the glass substrate, the crack spreads over the entire substrate, and the conductive thin film between a pair of electrode portions breaks. Detectable glass plate that breaks.   The plate glass according to claim 1, wherein the conductive thin film has a thickness of 0.05 μm to 5 μm.   The plate glass according to claim 1, further comprising a film material attached so as to cover the conductive thin film together with the electrode portion. A substrate made of tempered glass, a conductive thin film formed on the surface of the substrate, and a pair of electrode portions provided on the conductive thin film,
The pair of electrode portions is provided on a peripheral edge portion of the glass substrate. A substrate made of tempered glass, a conductive thin film formed on the surface of the substrate, and a pair of electrode portions provided on the conductive thin film,
The pair of electrode portions are arranged close to each other with a predetermined interval.   The plate glass according to claim 4, wherein the pair of electrode portions are provided on the same side of the glass substrate.   The plate glass according to claim 4, wherein the pair of electrode portions are distributed and arranged on two adjacent sides of the glass substrate.   The plate glass according to claim 4, wherein the pair of electrode portions is provided in the vicinity of a corner portion where two adjacent sides intersect.   The plate glass according to claim 6, wherein an interval between the pair of electrode portions is equal to or less than half of a length of a side where the pair of electrode portions is provided. A first glass plate made of a tempered glass substrate having a conductive thin film; a second glass plate disposed opposite to the first plate glass at a predetermined interval; and on the conductive thin film and on the edge of the substrate. A pair of electrode portions provided in
A sheet glass characterized in that an intermediate film is sandwiched between the first plate glass and the second plate glass to constitute laminated glass, and the conductive thin film is disposed on the surface of the first plate glass on the intermediate film side. A pair of first plate glass made of a tempered glass substrate having a conductive thin film, a second plate glass arranged to face the first plate glass at a predetermined interval, and a pair arranged close to each other on the conductive thin film at a predetermined interval. An electrode part, and
A sheet glass characterized in that an intermediate film is sandwiched between the first plate glass and the second plate glass to form a laminated glass, and the conductive thin film is disposed on the surface of the first plate glass on the intermediate film side. . Restrains the tempered glass substrate, the conductive thin film formed on the surface of the substrate, the pair of electrode portions provided on the conductive thin film, and the fragments formed on the substrate caused by the substrate cracking with a predetermined restraining force. And a restraining membrane
In the vicinity of the pair of electrode portions of the substrate, the restraint force changing portion restrained by the restraint force having no restraint film or less than the predetermined restraint force is provided. A first glass plate made of a tempered glass substrate;
A second plate glass disposed opposite the first plate glass at a predetermined interval;
An intermediate layer sandwiched between the first plate glass and the second plate glass;
A conductive thin film formed on the surface of the first plate glass on the intermediate layer side;
A pair of electrode portions arranged close to each other at a predetermined interval on the conductive thin film,
While the second plate glass is a green plate glass,
A plate glass characterized in that a part of the first plate glass is a non-matching portion where the intermediate film does not locally exist, and the pair of electrode portions are provided in a single non-matching portion.   The plate glass according to claim 13, wherein the non-matching portion having a pair of electrode portions is provided facing two adjacent sides of the substrate.   The plate glass according to claim 10, wherein the pair of electrode portions is provided in the vicinity of a corner portion where two adjacent sides of the glass substrate intersect.   The plate glass according to any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein the pair of electrode portions are distributed and arranged on two adjacent sides of the glass substrate. A glass crack detection method using the plate glass according to claim 1,
When the plate glass is broken by an impact applied to a position away from the electrode part, the entire substrate made of tempered glass is shredded, and the crack is spread from the position where the impact is applied to the pair of electrode parts. , The conductive thin film between the pair of electrode parts breaks, the resistance value between the electrode parts increases,
A glass breakage detection method, wherein a glass breakage is detected by detecting a change in resistance value between the pair of electrode portions before and after the breakage by a resistance detector. A method for producing a plate glass capable of detecting cracks,
On the conductive thin film on the edge of the raw glass with the conductive thin film formed on at least one surface, a conductive paste is applied at two locations close to each other at a predetermined interval to form an electrode part,
Thereafter, by heat-treating the green plate glass, the green plate glass is heat-treated tempered glass and the electrode portion is fused to the conductive thin film.
The manufacturing method of the plate glass which can detect a crack characterized by the above-mentioned. A method of manufacturing a plate glass capable of detecting cracks,
A pair of electrode portions made of a conductive thin plate are arranged close to each other on the conductive thin film with a predetermined interval at the edge portion of the first substrate made of tempered glass on which the conductive thin film is formed, and the first substrate and laminated glass are used. Sandwiching the electrode part with an intermediate film;
Performing pressure bonding to form a laminated glass in a state where an interlayer film for laminated glass is sandwiched between the first substrate and a second substrate made of glass;
The manufacturing method of the plate glass in which a crack is detectable characterized by including this. A glass comprising a substrate made of tempered glass, a conductive thin film formed on the substrate, and a pair of electrode portions provided on the conductive thin film;
A resistance detector for detecting a resistance value between the pair of electrode portions;
A glass breakage detection system characterized by comprising:   21. The glass breakage detection system according to claim 20, further comprising a transmission unit that transmits information related to glass breakage obtained from the resistance value detected by the resistance detector to the outside of the system. A plurality of the glass is provided,
21. The glass breakage detection system according to claim 20, wherein a pair of electrode portions of the plurality of glasses are connected in series and connected to a resistance detector.

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