JP2005085730A - Lighting method and lighting device of sunlight - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lighting method and a lighting device wherein lighting amount in a place where direct rays of the sun do not reach directly is increased and the place can be made brighter. <P>SOLUTION: This device is provided with a plate shape structural body which is arranged on the upper part of the structural body 11 like an eave and which has a function to supply a direct sunlight 12 while making it diffusing and transmitting, and a support body 14 to support this membrane structural body 13. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a daylighting method and a daylighting apparatus for daylighting a place where light is difficult to reach, such as the north side of a building.

  Conventionally, buildings such as houses tend to be installed with the south side as the main lighting surface. This is to fully utilize the abundant sunlight supplied from the south. On the other hand, on the north side, as shown in FIG. 1, the light 2 is directly blocked by the building 1, so that the north side portion of the building 1 is shaded 3, which is dark and shaded.

  However, in high-density environments in urban areas, it is often inevitable that the north side is the main lighting surface depending on the location conditions and the structure of the building. In this case, direct light did not reach the room, and daylight was limited to daylight, and the use of artificial lighting was indispensable. Also, the area located on the north side of the building is also behind the building, so it is difficult to say that the light environment is good, and its use is limited to a parking lot or the like when used as a space.

  Therefore, in order to improve the indoor lighting environment, top lights, top side lights, bay windows, the shape and position of windows, etc. have been studied and devised so that daylight can be introduced into the room.

  Conventionally, for example, Patent Document 1 is known as a sunlight lighting device that guides sunlight into a room. Patent Document 1 discloses that a condensing lens, a conical rod lens, and an optical fiber are arranged in a condensing unit, and an optical path from the lens to the optical fiber is provided in a closed room space, and the lens and the conical rod lens. An adjustment mechanism for adjusting the distance between them is provided.

Although different from the above-mentioned solar lighting device, conventionally, the light transmittance is used for the purpose of making the lamp image of a lighting fixture using a fluorescent lamp or an incandescent lamp as a light source invisible or reducing glare of the light source. A heat-resistant light diffusing sheet having a large light diffusivity and a low transparency has been proposed (Patent Document 2). Patent Document 2 discloses a glass fiber reinforced product obtained by press molding a glass fiber sheet having a thickness of 2 to 500 μm and a glass fiber sheet having a weight of 2 to 10 μm and a weight of 100 to 900 g / m ² at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the fluororesin. The present invention relates to a milky white, heat-resistant light diffusing sheet for lighting fixtures, which is made of a fluororesin composite material and processed with the fluororesin through an appropriate process.
JP 2001-307522 A (see paragraphs [0014] to [0019] and FIG. 1). JP 2002-221609 A (see claims, paragraphs [0024] to [0027], etc.).

  However, even if the shape of the window and the layout of the building are devised, these promote the use of skylight that falls on the north side of the building, and the amount of light collected from the north side window is less than that on the south side. The north side was dark.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and by supplying diffuse transmitted light that has diffused and transmitted at least the direct sunlight to a place where direct sunlight from sunlight does not reach directly, direct sunlight from the sun is provided. The purpose is to provide a daylighting method that can brighten by increasing the amount of light in a place where the light does not reach directly.

  Further, the present invention is an apparatus used in the above-described daylighting method, and is arranged in a bowl shape on the side of the structure where the direct sunlight from sunlight does not reach directly, and is supplied while diffusing and transmitting the direct sunlight By providing a plate-like structure having a function to support and a support that supports the membrane structure, a sunlight lighting device that can brighten a room by increasing the amount of light extraction as described above is provided. For the purpose.

  The daylighting method according to the first invention of the present application is characterized in that diffused and transmitted light obtained by diffusing and transmitting at least the direct sunlight is supplied to a place where direct sunlight from sunlight is difficult to reach directly.

  The solar light collecting device according to the second invention of the present application is a device used in the daylighting method, and is arranged in a bowl shape on the upper part of the structure, and has a function of supplying the direct sunlight while diffusing and transmitting it. And a support for supporting the membrane structure.

  According to the present invention, the amount of light collected in a place where the direct sunlight from the sun does not reach directly by supplying the diffuse transmitted light obtained by diffusing and transmitting the direct sunlight to a place where the direct sunlight from the sunlight is difficult to reach directly. It can provide a daylighting method that can increase the brightness and increase the brightness.

  Further, according to the present invention, the plate-like structure is arranged in a bowl shape on the upper side of the structure and on the side where direct sunlight from sunlight is difficult to reach, and has a function of supplying the direct sunlight while diffusing and transmitting it. In addition, by adopting a configuration including the support for supporting the membrane structure, it is possible to provide a sunlight daylighting device that can brighten the room by increasing the amount of light collection as described above.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
In the present invention, the plate-like structure is arranged in a bowl shape on the upper side of the structure and the side where the direct sunlight from sunlight is difficult to reach (such as the north side). You may arrange in a bowl shape. In addition, as the plate-like structure, for example, a film structure in which a glass cloth is impregnated with a fluororesin dispersion, dried and baked to coat the fluororesin, an organic material such as an acrylic plate, a polycarbonate plate, a vinyl chloride plate, Examples thereof include inorganic materials such as glass plates and glass cloths. The structure is not particularly limited as long as it has a function of diffusing light, but sufficient light cannot be obtained if the light transmittance is poor. The transmittance needs to be at least 7% or more, but is preferably 7 to 50% from the viewpoint of light diffusibility and structure strength.

  That is, for example, in the case of a structure in which a resin layer is coated on a base material such as a glass cloth, the transmittance of the film can be reduced by reducing the film thickness as a whole if the material characteristics and the material characteristics depending on the film thickness are constant. Will increase the rate. However, if the film thickness is reduced, the material becomes more transparent, but this increases the amount of light that is linearly transmitted and reduces the amount of diffused light.

  The principle of the daylighting system according to the structure of the present invention is that the first stage of sunlight utilization is to obtain sunlight by changing the direction of sunlight that passes linearly to the north side of the building, depending on the diffusivity during transmission of the structure. However, if the transmittance is high, it does not match the purpose of the system, so there is a natural upper limit in setting the transmittance. In addition, there is a limit to the reduction of the film thickness in terms of the strength and weather resistance of the structure. From the viewpoint of the current technical conditions, the transmittance is generally considered to be about 50%.

  In the present invention, in addition to the structure, the structure is arranged facing the structure on the side where direct sunlight from the sunlight is difficult to reach, diffusely reflects the diffuse transmitted light by the direct sunlight, and It is preferable to arrange a daylighting plate having a function of diffusing and transmitting other structures different from the structure, trees, feature reflected light reflected by the ground, and sky light. Here, “diffuse transmission” in “diffuse transmission light” means that the radiation from the radiation source or the light from the light source passes through an object containing minute particles, etc. It means transmission in a state where radiation and light are diffused without complying. The “feature reflected light” means light reflected by another structure, tree, or ground different from the above structure. “Sky light” means visible light that is scattered and reflected by air molecules, dust, clouds, etc., and reaches the ground from the sky among the radiation from the sun.

  By the way, since the brightness distribution of the sky light is greatly influenced by the position of the sun and the state of the atmosphere, it is usually very complicated. However, practically, it is assumed that the sky brightness distribution is uniform both in fine weather and in cloudy weather. And since the illuminance in the room changes according to the fluctuation of the daylight illuminance outdoors, when daylighting design is performed, the daylight rate, which is the ratio of the illuminance at a certain point in the room and the outdoor sky illuminance, is indicated It is said to be normal. Here, the “daylight ratio” indicates the ratio of the indoor illuminance to the outdoor illuminance, and is a constant numerical value regardless of the outdoor illuminance. That is, the indoors become brighter when the outdoors become brighter, and the indoors become darker when the outdoors become darker.

Therefore, daylight design is performed by using the daylight rate and the design sky illuminance according to the purpose. Here, the total sky illuminance for design is said to be 50,000 (lx) particularly on a bright day (light cloudy, cloudy sunny weather), and 100,000 (lx) on sunny sunny weather. The daylight rate is defined by the following formula (1).
Daylight rate = Illuminance at a certain point / Total sky illumination at that time (1)
Here, the “illuminance at a certain point” means the illuminance of a target receiving surface (may be an indoor courtyard). The “all-sky illuminance at that time” means all-sky illuminance when the building and other obstacles including the ceiling / wall surrounding the target point are removed. It should be noted that “illuminance at a certain point” and “all sky illuminance at that time” do not include direct sunlight.

  In addition, Chapter 4 and Article 604 of the Occupational Safety and Health Regulations have provisions relating to “lighting and lighting”, and the illuminance on the work surface of the place where workers always work is defined according to the work classification. Specifically, the illuminance at the work place is 300 (lx) or more for a precise work, 150 (lx) or more for a normal work, and 70 (lx) or more for a rough work. It has been established.

  In this invention, it is preferable to arrange | position the reflecting plate which collects the light diffused and permeate | transmitted from the said film | membrane structure and the diffused transmission light from a lighting board in the room | chamber interior of each floor | floor outside the floor of a building. As a result, the light diffusely transmitted from the film structure and the diffused transmitted light from the daylighting plate are reflected by the reflecting plate, so that more light can be taken into the room of each floor.

(First embodiment)
Please refer to FIG. In this form, a plate-like film structure 13 is arranged in a bowl shape on the upper side of a building (structure) 11 and on a side (for example, the north side) where direct sunlight 12 from sunlight mainly does not reach directly. The case where the structure 13 is supported by the support 14 is shown. Here, the membrane structure 13 has a function of diffusing and transmitting the direct sunlight 12 and supplying diffused and transmitted light 15 to the lower side of the membrane structure 13. As long as the support 14 has a function of supporting the membrane structure 13, it may be a simple table fixed on the roof of the building 11, and is not particularly limited.

(Second Embodiment)
Please refer to FIG. In this form, the plate-like film structure 13 is supported by the support 14 on the side (north side) where the direct sunlight 12 mainly from sunlight does not reach directly at the upper part of the building 11 and is arranged in a bowl shape. The case where the lighting board 16 is arrange | positioned to the north side is shown. Here, the daylighting plate 16 may be disposed in an inclined manner as shown in FIG. 3 so as to face the building 11, or may be disposed substantially vertically. The daylighting plate 16 diffusely reflects and diffuses the diffusely transmitted light 15 generated by the direct sunlight 12, and reflects other structures, trees, ground reflected light (not shown) and sky light that are different from the building 11. 17 is diffused and transmitted. The material of the daylighting plate 16 may be the same as or different from that of the film structure 13. Note that reference numeral 19 in FIG. 3 indicates diffusely reflected light obtained by reflecting the diffusely transmitted light 15 from the film structure 13 by the daylighting plate 16.

(Third embodiment)
Please refer to FIG. In this embodiment, in addition to the membrane structure 13 and the daylighting plate 16 described above, the diffused and transmitted light 15 diffused and transmitted from the film structure 13, the diffused and transmitted light 18 from the daylighting plate 16, and the outside of each floor of the building 11 A reflection plate 20 for collecting diffuse reflection light 19 reflected by the daylighting plate 16 is arranged in the room of each floor.

(Fourth embodiment)
Please refer to FIG. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, when the handrails 21 are provided on the veranda as shown in FIG. 7, the plate-like membrane structure 13 is on the south side of the building 11 and the upper part of the building as shown in FIG. The case where it arrange | positions in a hook shape between the handrails 21 is shown. In FIG. 7, a shaded portion 22 is generated by the handrail 21, but by adopting the membrane structure 13, the direct sunlight 12 passes through the membrane structure 13 to become diffuse transmitted light 15, and the shaded portion is eliminated. .

(Example)
Hereinafter, Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 of the present invention will be described. However, the scope of rights of the present invention is not limited by these.
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, a wooden box 31 simulating an actual building is created, and a halogen light (product name: video light 1500 (stand)) having an output of 500 W as a light source is placed on the wooden box 31. , LPL) 32 is shown. Further, on the roof near the north side of the wooden box 31, the membrane structure 13 and the daylighting plate 16 were arranged as in FIG. Here, as materials of the membrane structure 13 and the lighting plate 16 according to the present embodiment, glass cloth is impregnated with a fluororesin dispersion (model: FGT800, FGT600, FGT250, manufactured by Chuko Kasei Co., Ltd.), A membrane structure coated with a fluororesin by drying and firing was used.

In FIG. 5, the height (H ₁ ) of the wooden box 31 is 917 mm, the height (H ₂ ) from the top of the wooden box 31 to the top of the membrane structure 13 is 150 mm, and the halogen light from the top of the wooden box 31 The height (H ₃ ) to the top of 32 is 700 mm, the height (H ₄ ) from the floor to the ceiling of 2F is 150 mm, the length (L ₁ ) of the membrane structure 13 is 445 mm, and the length of the lighting plate 16 (L ₂ ) is 1058 mm, the distance (L ₃ ) from the base of the lighting plate 16 to the left end of the wooden box 31 is 550 mm, and the distance (L ₄ ) from the right end of the wooden box 31 to the center of the halogen light 32 is 460 mm did.

  Furthermore, the illuminance at each wall of the wooden box 31 was measured by installing an illuminance measuring instrument 33 as shown in FIG. 6, for example.

  In this way, when the film structure 13 is irradiated with light from the halogen light 32 at the top of the wooden box 31, the relationship between the illuminance and the measurement position at 1F to 5F of the wooden box is shown in FIGS. Came to show. In the figure, “FGT800 / FGT800” (straight line (a): Example 1) indicates that the film material used for the film structure and the film material used for the lighting plate are both FGT800, and “FGT600 / FGT600”. "(Line (b): Example 2)" and "FGT250 / FGT250" (Line (c): Example 3) are interpreted in the same manner. “FGT800 / None” (straight line (d): Comparative Example 1) indicates that the film material used for the film structure is FGT800 and no lighting plate is installed, and “FGT600 / none” (straight line (e ): Comparative Example 2), “FGT250 / None” (Line (f): Comparative Example 3) are interpreted in the same manner. Further, “None / None” (straight line (g): Comparative Example 4) indicates a case where the membrane structure and the lighting plate are not installed, and “PVC / PVC” (straight line (h): Comparative Example 5) indicates the membrane structure. And the case where a lighting board consists of what made the surface of the membrane material structure which consists of a polyester cloth and a vinyl chloride a polyvinylidene fluoride process (model | form: FE-1002T, the product made from a Ferrari company) is shown.

  9 to 13, the measurement position assumes that the left end of the wooden box 31 is 0 mm and the distance increases toward the right end (depth direction).

The following points are clear from FIGS.
(1) Although it varies slightly depending on the measurement position, in the present embodiment, when the illuminances of the straight lines (a) to (c) are compared, the straight line (a) is the smallest, and the straight lines (b), (C) or straight lines Illuminance increases in the order of (c) and (b).
(2) In the case of Examples 1 to 3, the illuminance at each wall becomes larger than those in Comparative Examples 1 to 5.
(3) When the illuminance on each floor is compared, the illuminance increases as the floor rises, such as 2F rather than 1F.

  As mentioned above, according to the said Example, while arrange | positioning the film | membrane structure 13 which coat | covered the fluororesin by impregnating the fluororesin dispersion to the roof of the building 11 in the shape of a bowl, drying and baking, it is constructed. By disposing a daylighting plate 16 made of the same material as the membrane structure 13 on the north side of the object 11 with an inclination with respect to the building 11, the diffused transmitted light 15 from the film structure 11 and the diffused transmitted light 15 are collected by the daylighting plate. Since the diffusely reflected light 19 reflected by 16 and the diffusely transmitted light 18 from the daylighting plate 16 are irradiated from the north side surface of the building 11, the amount of light collected inside the building 11 can be increased compared to the conventional case.

  Further, for comparison, when only the membrane structure is used (corresponding to the daylighting device of FIG. 2), when the membrane structure and the daylighting plate are used (corresponding to the daylighting device of FIG. 3), from the window near 1F to 5F. When the illuminance at a position of 50 mm was examined, the results shown in Tables 1 and 2 below were obtained. However, the test conditions were performed by arranging a halogen light with an output of 500 W as shown in FIG.

Here, Table 1 shows the case where the material of the film structure is FGT250, 600, 800 (heat treatment is performed for bleaching) and the C-type film material, and the transmittance of each material is 19.6%, 17.4%, 11.6%, and 4.3%. Table 2 shows the case where the material of the membrane structure and the daylighting plate is FGT-250, 600, 800 (heat treatment is performed for bleaching) and the C-type membrane material, respectively. Further, FIG. 14 is a graph of Table 1, and FIG. 15 is a graph of Table 2.

  According to Tables 1 and 2, when the transmittance is small (4.3%), even the illuminance when performing rough work according to the standards of the Industrial Safety and Health Act is not obtained, but when the transmittance is somewhat large (11. 6% or more), it is clear that the illuminance for rough work is obtained by the measurement position.

Further, the material of the (membrane structure, daylighting plate) is (FGT800, FGT800), (FGT600, FGT600), (FGT250, FGT250), (FGT800, no daylighting plate), (FGT600, no daylighting plate), (FGT250 , No daylighting plate), (vinyl chloride, vinyl chloride) (C type), (vinyl chloride, no daylighting plate), and no membrane structure and no daylighting plate, respectively, from the window of 1F to 5F, 0mm, 25mm, When the illuminance at a point at a distance of 50 mm, ..., 375 mm, and 400 mm and the illuminance on the roof were measured, the results (raw data) shown in Table 3, Table 6, Table 9, Table 12, and Table 15 were obtained. . The test conditions were performed by placing a halogen light with an output of 500 W as shown in FIG. Further, when the illuminance (calculated value) was calculated from the raw data on the basis of the following formula (2) on the assumption that the illuminance on the roof was 100,000 lx (lux) and 50,000 lx, the following Table 4, Table 7, The results shown in Table 10, Table 13, and Table 16 (corresponding to 100,000 lx) and the results shown in Table 5, Table 8, Table 11, Table 14, and Table 17 (corresponding to 50,000 lx) were obtained.
Calculated value = (Illuminance at each point / Illumination on the roof) x 100,000 (or 50,000) (2)

The following is considered from Tables 3 to 17 above.
1) Occupational safety using sunlight without artificial lighting in the case where at least one of the membrane structure and the lighting plate is arranged, compared to the case where neither the membrane structure nor the lighting plate is arranged Illuminance can be obtained for rough work (70 lx or more), normal work (150 lx or more), and precise work (300 lx or more) according to the standards of the sanitary law.
2) Compared to the case where only the membrane structure is used, the case where both the membrane structure and the daylighting plate are used is rough work based on the standards of the Industrial Safety and Health Act using sunlight without artificial lighting. Illuminance for normal work and precise work.

  In addition, in the said Examples 1-3, although the case where the film | membrane structure and the lighting board were installed was described, it is not restricted to this, As shown in FIG. By installing, the amount of light collected into the building 11 can be further increased. Here, the material of the reflecting plate 20 may be the same as the material of the film structure, or other materials described in the [Embodiments of the Invention] may be used.

  Moreover, in the said Examples 1-3, although the case where a film | membrane structure and a lighting board were installed in the side (for example, north side) where the direct sunlight of a building does not reach directly was described, not only this but FIG. Even if it is installed on the south side or other direction side of the building, the amount of light collected into the building can be increased.

  Furthermore, although the case where the film structure and the daylighting plate were combined was described in the above embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this, and the case where the film structure and the reflecting plate are combined may be used.

Explanatory drawing of the state in case direct sunlight irradiates a building from sunlight. Explanatory drawing which shows the irradiation state of the direct sunlight from sunlight at the time of using the daylighting apparatus by Example 1 of this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the irradiation state of the direct sunlight from sunlight at the time of using the daylighting apparatus by Example 2 of this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the irradiation state of the direct sunlight from sunlight at the time of using the daylighting apparatus by Example 3 of this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the state of the irradiation test at the time of using the daylighting apparatus by this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the method of the test which calculates | requires the illumination intensity in each floor at the time of using the daylighting apparatus by this invention. Explanatory drawing in case the direct sunlight from sunlight irradiates from the south side of a structure. Explanatory drawing which shows the irradiation state of the direct sunlight from sunlight at the time of using the daylighting apparatus by Example 4 of this invention. The characteristic view which shows the relationship between the illumination intensity in 1F at the time of using the light projection apparatus shown in FIG. 5 in the lighting apparatus which concerns on Example 2, and a measurement position. The characteristic view which shows the relationship between the illumination intensity in 2F, and a measurement position at the time of using the light projection apparatus shown in FIG. 5 in the lighting apparatus which concerns on Example 2. FIG. The characteristic view which shows the relationship between the illumination intensity in 3F, and a measurement position at the time of using the light projection apparatus shown in FIG. 5 in the lighting apparatus which concerns on Example 2. FIG. The characteristic view which shows the relationship between the illumination intensity in 4F, and a measurement position at the time of using the light projection apparatus shown in FIG. 5 in the lighting apparatus which concerns on Example 2. FIG. The characteristic view which shows the relationship between the illumination intensity in 5F, and a measurement position at the time of using the light projection apparatus shown in FIG. 5 in the lighting apparatus which concerns on Example 2. FIG. The illuminance-transmittance characteristic diagram in a daylighting apparatus including only a film structure. The illumination intensity-light-transmittance characteristic figure in the lighting apparatus provided with the film | membrane structure and the lighting board.

Explanation of symbols

11 ... Building (structure), 12 ... Direct sunlight, 13 ... Membrane structure,
14 ... Support, 15, 18 ... Diffuse transmitted light, 16 ... Daylighting plate,
17 ... Sky light, 19 ... Diffuse reflected light, 20 ... Reflector,
21 ... handrail, 31 ... wooden box, 32 ... halogen light,
33: Illuminance measuring instrument.

Claims (7)

A method for collecting sunlight, which comprises supplying diffuse transmitted light obtained by diffusing and transmitting the direct sunlight to a place where direct sunlight from sunlight is difficult to reach directly. In addition to the diffused and transmitted light by direct sunlight, the diffused and transmitted light that diffuses and transmits the reflected light from the sky, trees, buildings, and ground is supplied to places where direct light from sunlight is difficult to reach. 2. The method for collecting sunlight according to claim 1, wherein: A plate-like structure that is used in the daylighting method according to claim 1 or 2 and has a function of supplying the direct sunlight while diffusing and transmitting the direct sunlight. And a support for supporting the structure. The solar light collecting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the plate-like structure is a film structure in which a glass cloth is coated with a fluororesin. The solar light collecting device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the transmittance of the plate-like structure is 7% or more. Other structures that are arranged facing the structure on the side where direct sunlight from the sunlight of the structure is difficult to reach directly, diffusely reflect diffusely transmitted light by the direct sunlight, and are different from the above structure, 6. A solar lighting device according to claim 3, wherein a daylighting plate having a function of diffusing and transmitting a tree, a feature reflected light reflected by the ground and a sky light is disposed. 6. The reflector according to claim 3, wherein a reflector that collects light diffused and transmitted from the structure and diffused and transmitted light from the daylighting plate is disposed inside each floor of the structure. Sunlight daylighting equipment.

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