JP2005059090A - Die holder, and ultrasonic drawing device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a die holder capable of efficiently adding the ultrasonic vibration to a die and enhancing the heat radiation of the heat generated during the ultrasonic drawing to add the ultrasonic vibration in the same direction as the drawing direction, and an ultrasonic drawing device of an optimum structure using the die holder. <P>SOLUTION: In an ultrasonic drawing device, a die 4 is coupled with one opening end part of a hollow shaft part 12 of a cruciform die holder 1 comprising the hollow shaft part 12 having a hollow part 11 with a steel pipe as a work passing therethrough in a center portion and a solid shaft part 13 orthogonal to the hollow shaft part 12, ultrasonic vibration transmission horns having a sleeve 23 around a body 21 are connected to each end part of the solid shaft part 13 of the die holder 1, and an ultrasonic oscillator 3 is connected to one ultrasonic vibration transmission horn. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a die holder for an ultrasonic drawing apparatus that performs ultrasonic drawing processing on a die by applying ultrasonic vibration to the die and an ultrasonic drawing apparatus using the die holder.

  By applying ultrasonic vibration to the tool during processing of metal or ceramic, the processing resistance of the material is reduced, and the surface property of the processed product is improved. At the time of drawing, it has been attempted to perform drawing while applying ultrasonic vibration to the die. In this ultrasonic drawing process, there are cases where the direction of ultrasonic vibration applied to the die is the same direction as the drawing direction of the material and a direction perpendicular to the drawing direction. In each case, the transmission mechanism of the ultrasonic vibration is different, and an optimum range is set for the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration to be added and the extraction speed.

  As an example of pulling out while applying ultrasonic vibration in the same direction as the material pulling direction, high pressure liquid is supplied to a high pressure chamber provided between multiple dies, and the hole diameter is gradually reduced before the first die. The guide with the taper is connected, and the lubricant introduced from the guide side together with the wire is introduced into the lubricant holding chamber between the guide and the first stage die, and the wire rod is increased while increasing the lubricant pressure in the holding chamber. There is a wire drawing method for introducing a wire into a subsequent die and performing lubrication, in which a wire is drawn by applying ultrasonic vibration to the whole die unit in the wire drawing direction (see Patent Document 1). According to this wire drawing method, the die vibrates in the wire drawing direction, and the plastic surface of the wire is accelerated by the impact force and vibration force of the wire, and the die also promotes introduction of the lubricant on the processed surface. It is said that a synergistic effect with ultra-high pressure lubrication wire drawing can be obtained.

  As another example, a first ultrasonic transducer and a second ultrasonic transducer are disposed between both ends of a first metal block on which a die is mounted, and a polarization direction thereof. However, there is a pipe drawing die device configured so that the first ultrasonic transducer faces inward and the second ultrasonic transducer faces outward (see Patent Document 2). According to this dice apparatus, since the expansion and contraction of the first and second ultrasonic transducers are opposite to each other, the dice can be vibrated in the pipe insertion and extraction directions, It is said that the friction of the pipe at the time can be reduced.

  Examples of drawing while applying ultrasonic vibration in a direction perpendicular to the drawing direction of the material include a drawing die having a processing hole for drawing a rod and wire, a lubricant, and a die containing these A drawing die includes a drawing device in which an ultrasonic vibrator is fixedly disposed in a direction perpendicular to the axial center direction of the processing hole (see Patent Document 3). According to this drawing processing apparatus, by applying ultrasonic vibration to the drawing die in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction, the processing load can be reduced, and a large reduction in area can be achieved without causing seizure and disconnection. It can be obtained.

As another example, a pair of half-divided dies that are divided into two axisymmetrically, an ultrasonic vibrator that is connected to the rear part of each half-divided die, and a clearance that is at least twice as large as the amplitude of the half-divided die. There is a wire drawing apparatus that has a means for holding and holding a pair of halves and has a plurality of stages in which a pair of half dies are shifted in phase in the drawing direction (see Patent Document 4). According to this drawing apparatus, a large amplitude can be obtained regardless of the wire diameter of the wire, thereby preventing welding and drastically reducing the drawing resistance.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-80537 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-156418 JP-A-8-215736 JP 2001-79609 A

  By the way, when performing drawing while adding ultrasonic vibration, it is important how to efficiently apply ultrasonic vibration to the die, that is, how to give the maximum amplitude to the die. At the same time, it is also important that the die can be easily replaced regardless of the structure of the ultrasonic vibration adding means. In the devices described in Patent Documents 1 to 4, each of the vibration transmission paths from the ultrasonic transducer to the die employs a unique structure. However, there is still room for improvement regarding the above points.

  The wire drawing die unit described in Patent Document 1 has a hole diameter slightly larger than that of the wire to be drawn before the two-stage die, and is tapered so as to gradually decrease the hole diameter in the direction of the drawing of the wire to be drawn. The guide attached with is connected, and the ultrasonic vibrator is attached to the upstream side of the guide in contact with the die holder through a vibration horn (ultrasonic vibration transmission horn). However, in this dice unit, since the ultrasonic vibrator and the vibration horn are on the entrance side of the drawn wire, it is necessary to provide a hollow hole through which the drawn wire passes in the ultrasonic vibrator and the vibration horn. There are restrictions on the manufacture of the child and the vibrating horn. Also, the assembly structure of dies, guides, and die holders is complicated, and it is extremely difficult to replace only the dies when changing the wire drawing size, and there is a problem that a die unit must be prepared for each wire drawing size. is there.

  In the drawing die apparatus described in Patent Document 2, an ultrasonic vibrator is disposed on each of an upstream side and a downstream side of a die via a metal block (ultrasonic vibration transmission horn), and expansion of two ultrasonic vibrators is performed. By reversing the contraction, the die is vibrated in the drawing direction. This dice apparatus has a relatively simple structure, but two ultrasonic vibrators are indispensable to vibrate the dice in the drawing direction, and an increase in apparatus cost including the control apparatus becomes a problem. Further, similarly to the wire drawing die unit described in Patent Document 1, since the ultrasonic transducer and the metal block are on the entry side and the exit side of the drawn material, the ultrasonic transducer and the metal block include the drawn material. It is necessary to provide a hollow hole through which the ultrasonic wave passes, and there are restrictions on the production of the ultrasonic vibrator and the metal block.

  The drawing apparatus described in Patent Document 3 has a simple structure because the tip of the ultrasonic vibrator is directly attached to the die with a screw. However, the die is a special die integrated with the ultrasonic vibrator. Therefore, there is a problem that a general-purpose die cannot be used. The drawing device described in Patent Document 4 also has a simple structure because the horn and the die are directly attached to the screw, but the die is a specially shaped die and cannot be used as a general-purpose die. There's a problem.

  Further, the drawing apparatuses described in Patent Documents 3 and 4 are apparatuses that perform drawing while applying ultrasonic vibration in a direction perpendicular to the drawing direction of the material. In the case of drawing, it is said that the drawing resistance is reduced when the direction in which ultrasonic vibration is applied is the same direction as the drawing direction rather than the direction perpendicular to the drawing direction. On the other hand, when the extraction is performed while applying ultrasonic vibration in the same direction as the extraction direction, it is said that the heat generated during the extraction increases.

  It is an object of the present invention to efficiently add ultrasonic vibrations to a die in ultrasonic drawing processing in which ultrasonic vibrations are applied in the same direction as the drawing direction of a workpiece, and to improve heat dissipation against heat generated during drawing. Another object of the present invention is to provide an optimum structure of a die holder and an ultrasonic drawing apparatus using the die holder.

  A die holder for an ultrasonic drawing apparatus of the present invention is a die holder used in an ultrasonic drawing apparatus that performs drawing while applying ultrasonic vibration in the same direction as the drawing direction of a workpiece to the die. A hollow shaft portion having a hollow portion through which a workpiece passes, and a solid shaft portion orthogonal to the hollow shaft portion, and one or both open end portions of the hollow shaft portion are provided with screw holes for connecting dies. And a screw hole for connecting an ultrasonic vibration transmission horn is formed at each end of the solid shaft portion.

  In the above die holder, the axial length of the solid shaft portion, and the total axial length of the hollow shaft portion and the die in a state where the die is coupled to one or both opening end portions of the hollow shaft portion, The wavelength of the ultrasonic vibration applied to the die is ½, and the axial center point of the hollow shaft portion is aligned with the axial center point of the solid shaft portion. Is desirable.

  The ultrasonic drawing apparatus of the present invention is an ultrasonic drawing apparatus that performs drawing while applying ultrasonic vibration in the same direction as the drawing direction of the workpiece to the die, and is one of the hollow shaft portions of the die holder. Alternatively, dies are connected to both opening ends, an ultrasonic vibration transmission horn is connected to each end of the solid shaft portion of the die holder, and an ultrasonic transducer is connected to at least one of the ultrasonic vibration transmission horns. It is characterized by that.

  In the above ultrasonic drawing apparatus, the ultrasonic vibration transmission horn is formed by forming a cylindrical mounting ring on the outer periphery of a columnar main body, and the mounting ring has an outer periphery at a central position in the axial direction of the main body. A base portion protruding from the surface, a sleeve formed integrally with the protruding peripheral surface of the base portion and formed coaxially with the main body, and flanges formed at both ends of the sleeve, and the flange is a bearing-shaped transmission horn It is desirable that the ultrasonic vibration transmission horn is fixed to the transmission horn fixture by fitting to the inner peripheral surface of the fixture. Moreover, it is preferable that the axial length of the ultrasonic vibration transmission horn is ½ of the vibration wavelength of the ultrasonic vibrator.

  Since the die holder according to the present invention has a structure in which the hollow shaft portion for connecting the die and the solid shaft portion connected to the ultrasonic vibration transmission horn are integrally disposed orthogonally, the solid shaft portion from the ultrasonic vibration transmission horn. The ultrasonic vibration transmitted to the hollow shaft portion is converted into an axial vibration and transmitted to vibrate the die coupled to the hollow shaft portion in the axial direction. Here, since the solid shaft portion is arranged in a direction orthogonal to the drawing direction, a hollow hole through which the workpiece passes is provided in the ultrasonic vibrator and the ultrasonic vibration transmission horn as in the conventional device. There is no need, and there is no restriction on the production of the ultrasonic vibrator and the ultrasonic vibration transmission horn. Therefore, even an ultrasonic vibrator or ultrasonic vibration transmission horn for an ultrasonic machining apparatus other than the drawing process can be used. An ultrasonic drawing apparatus can be configured by connecting to a die holder. In addition, the connection of the ultrasonic vibration transmission horn to the die holder and the connection of the die can be easily attached and detached with bolts, so that the drawing device can be easily assembled. As the replacement die, a general-purpose die can be attached. Furthermore, since the member that transmits ultrasonic vibration to the hollow shaft portion that joins the die is not an annular member as in the conventional device but a shaft-like member, the heat dissipation of the die holder is good, and due to heat generation during drawing The temperature rise of the die holder can be reduced.

  In addition, the axial length of the solid shaft portion of the die holder and the total axial length of the hollow shaft portion and the die in a state where the die is coupled to one or both open end portions of the hollow shaft portion are added to the die. The hollow shaft portion is arranged by setting the half of the wavelength of the ultrasonic vibration to be performed and the axial center point of the axial center of the hollow shaft portion to the axial center point of the solid shaft portion. The vibration amplitude of the die coupled to the tip of the die is maximized, and the vibration of the entire die holder as a resonance system is stabilized.

  Since the ultrasonic drawing apparatus of the present invention has a structure in which an ultrasonic vibrator and an ultrasonic vibration transmission horn are connected in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the hollow portion of the die holder through which the workpiece passes, There is no need to provide a hollow hole for the workpiece to pass through in the ultrasonic vibrator and ultrasonic vibration transmission horn, and there is no restriction in manufacturing the ultrasonic vibrator and ultrasonic vibration transmission horn. Even an ultrasonic vibrator or ultrasonic vibration transmission horn for an ultrasonic processing apparatus can be used in this apparatus. In addition, the connection of the ultrasonic vibration transmission horn to the die holder and the connection of the die can be easily attached and detached with bolts, so that the assembly of the device is easy. The die does not need to be a dedicated product for the apparatus, and a general-purpose product can be attached.

  In addition, the ultrasonic vibration transmission horn has a cylindrical mounting ring formed on the outer periphery of the cylindrical main body, and one of the flanges formed at both ends of the mounting ring is slidable in the axial direction of the main body. The main body of the ultrasonic vibration transmission horn is separated from the ultrasonic vibrator by fitting it to the inner peripheral surface of the transmission horn and fitting the other flange to the inner peripheral surface of the transmission horn fixture with the other flange constrained in the axial direction of the main body. It is possible to efficiently transmit the applied ultrasonic vibration to the die holder by its own expansion and contraction motion. That is, the rate at which the ultrasonic vibration applied from the ultrasonic vibrator to the ultrasonic vibration transmission horn leaks to the transmission horn fixture side decreases and the ultrasonic vibration is transmitted to the die through the die holder without waste. It becomes possible. Furthermore, by setting the axial length of the ultrasonic vibration transmitting horn to ½ of the vibration wavelength of the ultrasonic vibrator, the vibration amplitude at the connection point with the die holder is maximized, and the axial length is also the same. The vibration can be stably transmitted to the die holder whose length is ½ of the vibration wavelength.

  The ultrasonic drawing apparatus of the present invention is an apparatus suitable for drawing a metal wire or a metal tube, and by applying ultrasonic vibration to the drawing die in the same direction as the drawing direction of the workpiece, The processing resistance of the processed material is reduced, and the surface properties of the processed product are improved. The basic configuration of the apparatus is a die holder, an ultrasonic vibrator, and an ultrasonic vibration transmission horn. Hereinafter, the Example apparatus applied to the drawing process of a metal pipe material is demonstrated.

  1A and 1B are views showing the external appearance of an ultrasonic drawing apparatus which is a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1A is a plan view and FIG. 1B is a front view. FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line XX in FIG. 3A and 3B are diagrams showing configurations of a die, a die holder, an ultrasonic vibrator, and an ultrasonic vibration transmission horn. FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view, FIG. 3B is a front view, and FIG. It is a perspective view of a die holder.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the ultrasonic drawing apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a die holder having a hollow portion 11 through which a copper pipe P (see FIG. 3A) that is a workpiece passes in the center portion. 1, ultrasonic vibration transmission horns (hereinafter referred to as support horns) 2A and 2B connected to both ends in two directions perpendicular to the axial direction of the hollow portion 11 of the die holder 1, and a super connected to the support horn 2A The sound wave vibrator 3 has a basic configuration. The die 4 is coupled to one open end of the hollow portion of the die holder 1, the support horns 2A and 2B are fixed to the support horn fixtures 5A and 5B, and the support horn fixtures 5A and 5B are fixed to the base 6. Has been.

  The die holder 1 includes a hollow shaft portion 12 having a hollow portion 11 through which a steel pipe P passes at a central portion, and a solid shaft portion 13 orthogonal to the hollow shaft portion 12. The total axial length of the hollow shaft 12 and the die 4 in the state where the die 4 is coupled to the hollow shaft 12 and the axial length of the solid shaft 13 are the wavelength of the ultrasonic vibration added to the die 4. Of the axial center of the hollow shaft portion 12 and the axial center of the solid shaft portion 13 so that the axial center point of the solid shaft portion 13 coincides with the die 4 in the entire plane. The visual shape is a cross. The material of the die holder 1 is not particularly limited, but is preferably made of steel with a small specific gravity difference from the die 4. The die 4 may be designed as a dedicated product for the die holder 1, but a general-purpose die for pulling out can also be used. The die 4 is attached to the die holder 1 with a bolt.

  The support horn 2A and the support horn 2B are common parts, and are connected to the left and right ends of the die holder 1 coaxially by bolts 2A-1 and 2B-1. Furthermore, the ultrasonic vibrator 3 is connected to the support horn 2A by a bolt 2A-2. The support horns 2A and 2B are, for example, integrally molded products made of titanium or stainless steel. As shown in FIG. 3A, the columnar main body 21 and the axial vibration vibration of the main body 21 are provided. A base 22 formed in a bowl shape on the outer peripheral surface of the part, a cylindrical sleeve 23 having elasticity formed by extending the outer periphery of the base 22 in the axial direction, and formed at both ends of the sleeve 23. It has flanges 24a and 24b. Since the base 22 is formed at a vibration node, the flanges 24a and 24b do not vibrate. The support horn 2A is fixed to the support horn so that the flange 24a is fitted into a groove formed on the inner peripheral surface of the support horn fixture 5A and the movement in the axial direction is restricted, and the flange 24b is slidable in the axial direction. It is fixed to the support horn fixture 5A in a state in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the fixture 5A. Similarly, the support horn 2B is also fixed to the support horn fixture 5B so that the flange 24a is restrained from moving in the axial direction and the flange 24b is slidable in the axial direction. The axial length of the main body 21 of the support horns 2 </ b> A and 2 </ b> B is ½ of the wavelength of vibration of the ultrasonic transducer 3.

  The ultrasonic transducer 3 is a conventionally known one in which a ceramic piezoelectric element is sandwiched between two positive and negative electrode plates, and is connected to a power supply unit (not shown). When energized from the power supply unit, the piezoelectric element is activated to excite ultrasonic vibration whose vibration direction is its axial direction. Since the ultrasonic transducer 3, the support horn 2A, and the die holder 1 are coaxially connected, the ultrasonic vibration excited by the ultrasonic transducer 3 is transmitted to the die holder 1 via the support horn 2A.

  With such a configuration, the support horn 2A is constrained to the fixture 5A by the flange 24a and the flange 24b to which vibrations in the axial direction are not transmitted, so that the main body 21 of the support horn 2A is applied from the ultrasonic transducer 3. Ultrasonic vibration can be efficiently transmitted in the axial direction by its own expansion and contraction. That is, the ultrasonic vibration applied from the ultrasonic vibrator 3 to the support horn 2A is transmitted to the die 4 through the die holder 1 without waste. Further, when the support horn 2A repeats expansion / contraction motion (compression deformation and tensile deformation), the sleeve 23 is thin and easily elastically deformed, and ultrasonic vibration perpendicular to the axis of the main body 21 is absorbed by this elastic deformation. . That is, since the ultrasonic vibration transmitted from the ultrasonic transducer 3 to the main body 21 of the support horn 2A is buffered by the sleeve 21 to the support horn fixture 5A, the ultrasonic vibration is directed to the support horn fixture 5A. It can be transmitted to the die holder 1 with high efficiency without leakage. Similarly, the support horn 2B causes the main body 21 to expand and contract due to the ultrasonic vibration transmitted through the die holder 1, thereby stabilizing the resonance of the entire system.

  FIG. 5 is a partially cutaway plan view showing the configuration of a die, a die holder, an ultrasonic transducer, and a support horn of the second embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the same components as those in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  In this embodiment, the dies 4a and 4b are joined to both open end portions of the hollow portion 11 of the die holder 15, and two-stage drawing is performed. The connection of the support horns 2A and 2B and the ultrasonic transducer 3 and the fixing of the support horns 2A and 2B by the support horn fixtures 5A and 5B are the same as in the case of the first embodiment apparatus. Even in the case of the present embodiment apparatus, ultrasonic vibration in the same direction as the drawing direction is applied to the dies 4a and 4b, and the copper tube P is effectively drawn.

  FIG. 6 is a front view showing the configuration of a die, a die holder, an ultrasonic transducer, and a support horn of the third embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the same components as those in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  In this embodiment, the shape and shape of the die holder 16 in a plan view and a front view are cross-shaped, and the support horns 2A and 2B are connected to the left and right ends of the solid shaft portion 13 of the die holder 16, and the solid shaft portion 14 is further connected. The support horns 2C and 2D are connected to the front and rear ends of the. By adding the solid shaft portion 14 and the support horns 2C and 2D, the entire resonance system is further stabilized.

  The ultrasonic drawing apparatus of the present invention is premised on an apparatus that performs drawing while applying ultrasonic vibration in the same direction as the drawing direction of the workpiece to the die. However, the drawing apparatus is not limited to the drawing apparatus. It can also be applied to a ironing machine.

It is a figure which shows the external appearance of the ultrasonic drawing apparatus which is a 1st Example apparatus of this invention, (a) is a top view, (b) is a front view. It is XX sectional drawing of Fig.1 (a). 2A and 2B are diagrams showing configurations of a die, a die holder, an ultrasonic vibrator, and a support horn of the embodiment apparatus of FIG. 1, in which FIG. It is a perspective view of the die holder of the state which couple | bonded the dice | dies in the Example apparatus of FIG. It is a partially notched top view which shows the structure of the dice | dies of the 2nd Example apparatus of this invention, a dice holder, an ultrasonic transducer | vibrator, and a support horn. It is a front view which shows the structure of the dice | dies of the 3rd Example apparatus of this invention, a dice holder, an ultrasonic transducer | vibrator, and a support horn.

Explanation of symbols

1,15,16 Dice holder 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D Support horn 2A-1, 2A-2, 2B-1 Bolt 3 Ultrasonic vibrator 4, 4a, 4b Dice 5A, 5B Support horn fixture 6 Base 11 Hollow Part 12 Hollow shaft part 13, 14 Solid shaft part 21 Main body of support horn 22 Base part 23 Sleeve 24a, 24b Flange P Steel pipe

Claims (4)

  A die holder for use in an ultrasonic drawing apparatus that performs drawing while applying ultrasonic vibration in the same direction as the drawing direction of the workpiece, and has a hollow portion through which the workpiece passes in the center. A shaft portion and a solid shaft portion orthogonal to the hollow shaft portion, wherein one or both open end portions of the hollow shaft portion are formed with screw holes for connecting dies, and each end portion of the solid shaft portion A die holder for an ultrasonic drawing device, in which a screw hole for connecting an ultrasonic vibration transmission horn is formed on the die.   The axial length of the solid shaft portion and the total axial length of the hollow shaft portion and the die in a state where the die is coupled to one or both open end portions of the hollow shaft portion are added to the die. The super-axis according to claim 1, wherein the superposition is set to ½ of the wavelength of the sonic vibration, and the axial center point of the axial center of the hollow shaft portion and the axial center point of the solid shaft portion coincide with each other. Dice holder for sonic drawing equipment.   An ultrasonic drawing apparatus that performs drawing while applying ultrasonic vibration in the same direction as the drawing direction of a workpiece to a die, and includes a hollow shaft portion having a hollow portion through which a workpiece passes at a central portion, and A die holder composed of a solid shaft portion orthogonal to the hollow shaft portion is connected to a die at one or both open ends of the hollow shaft portion, and an ultrasonic vibration transmission horn is provided at each end of the solid shaft portion. An ultrasonic drawing apparatus in which an ultrasonic vibrator is connected to at least one of the ultrasonic vibration transmission horns.   The axial length of the solid shaft portion of the die holder, the total axial length of the hollow shaft portion and the die in a state where the die is coupled to one or both opening end portions of the hollow shaft portion of the die holder, and The ultrasonic drawing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein an axial length of each ultrasonic vibration transmission horn is ½ of a wavelength of ultrasonic vibration added to the die.

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