JP2005053195A - Method for producing composite woody structural material and joining method - Google Patents
Method for producing composite woody structural material and joining method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 220
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- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、燃え止まり機能を備えた複合木質構造材の製造方法およびその接合方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a composite wood structure material having a flame stop function and a method for joining the same.
最近では、建築基準法の性能規定化に伴い、木造建築物であっても建築基準法（法第二条第九号の二イ）に掲げられる基準に適合するものであれば、高さ、規模に対する制限を受けないこととなり、より高層な建物の建築が可能となっており、集成材やＬＶＬなどのエンジニアーウッドを用いて大規模な木造ラーメン架構の開発が行われている。このような木造による大規模架構を実現するためには、長期荷重に対する耐久性を維持するために必要な断面積の確保に加え、木材そのものが可燃性材料であるため、燃えしろ、すなわち火炎に晒され、表面が炭化しても長期荷重を保つための表面厚みを充分に確保する必要がある。 Recently, with the performance standardization of the Building Standards Law, even if it is a wooden building, if it meets the standards listed in the Building Standards Law (Article 2, item 9-2), the height, As a result, the construction of higher-rise buildings is possible, and large-scale wooden ramen frames are being developed using engineer wood such as laminated lumber and LVL. In order to realize such a large-scale frame structure made of wood, in addition to securing the cross-sectional area necessary for maintaining durability against long-term loads, the wood itself is a flammable material, so that it can be burned, that is, to the flame. Even if the surface is exposed and carbonized, it is necessary to ensure a sufficient surface thickness to maintain a long-term load.
この場合において、木材は、鉄やコンクリートに比べて高い断熱性能を有する一方で、熱容量は非常に小さく、長時間の火炎や熱に晒されることにより、火災終了後も燃焼（炭化）しつづけ、耐力が減衰し続けるといった欠点があり、耐火建築物の構造体を木材により構築する上での課題となっていた。 In this case, wood has a high thermal insulation performance compared to iron and concrete, but its heat capacity is very small, and it is burned (carbonized) after the end of the fire by being exposed to a long flame or heat, There is a drawback that the proof stress continues to attenuate, which has been a problem in constructing a fireproof building structure with wood.
この課題を解決する手段として、以下の構造が提案されている。
(1)主要集成構造材の場合には集成材の中心をくりぬくか、あるいは空洞部分とし、これの内部にコンクリートを埋込んで、内部のコンクリートにより軸力を支持する構造。
(2)集成材の表面に珪酸カルシウムボード、石膏ボード、グラスウール、耐火塗料などの耐火被覆を施し、集成材に、直接、熱が供給されないようにして耐火性能を高める構造。
As means for solving this problem, the following structures have been proposed.
(1) In the case of the main laminated structure material, the center of the laminated material is hollowed out or hollowed, and concrete is embedded in it, and the axial force is supported by the internal concrete.
(2) A structure in which the surface of the laminated wood is coated with a fire-resistant coating such as calcium silicate board, gypsum board, glass wool, and fire-resistant paint so that heat is not directly supplied to the laminated wood to enhance the fire resistance performance.
ところで、(1)のコンクリート埋込手段では、製作に手間がかかり、また柱には対応できるものの、梁に適用する場合には別の工夫が必要となる。また、(2)の耐火被覆を施した場合においても、被覆加工に手間がかかるとともに、加工により木材が表面に現れなくなった場合には木質系に特有のテクスチャが損われ、木造とすることの意味合いが減殺されるものとなる。 By the way, with the concrete embedding means (1), it takes time to manufacture and can cope with the column, but when applied to a beam, another device is required. In addition, even when the fireproof coating of (2) is applied, it takes time and effort to coat, and if the wood does not appear on the surface due to the processing, the texture peculiar to the wood system will be damaged, and it may be made wooden. The meaning is reduced.
そこで、本出願人は、木材の持つ質感を損うことなく燃え止まり機能を付与できるようにした複合木質構造材を開発した。本出願が開発した複合木質構造材は、長期荷重を支持するに足り木材からなる荷重支持層と、該荷重支持層の外側に配置され、木材より熱容量が大きい高熱容量材、熱慣性の大きい木材、不燃材にしてかつ断熱性を有する断熱材等の異種材を有する燃え止まり層と、該燃え止まり層の外側に配置され所定の燃えしろ厚さを有する木材からなる燃えしろ層とを備えてなり、かつ、前記燃え止まり層は、前記異種材と木材とが混在してなるものであり、荷重支持層、燃え止まり層および燃えしろ層は、複数の木質板又は角柱状の木質単材を集成してなるものが好適である。 Therefore, the present applicant has developed a composite wood structure material that can provide a function to stop burning without impairing the texture of wood. The composite wood structure material developed by the present application includes a load support layer made of wood sufficient to support a long-term load, a high heat capacity material having a larger heat capacity than wood, and a wood having a large thermal inertia. A non-combustible material and a non-combustible material such as a heat insulating material, and a non-combustible material, and a non-combustible material, and a non-combustible material made of wood having a predetermined thickness to be disposed outside the non-combustible material layer. And the flame stop layer is a mixture of the dissimilar material and wood, and the load support layer, the flame stop layer and the burn-off layer are made of a plurality of wooden boards or a prismatic wood single material. An assembly is preferred.
しかしながら、複数の木質板又は角柱状の木質単材を集成する場合、これらを釘打ちによって一体化したときには、強度および耐久性が不足するため、通常は接着剤を用いて貼り付けることとなる。この場合、構造的に強度のある接着を行うためには、例えば１５時間以上圧締する必要があり、直交する二方向について、それぞれ接着工程および圧締工程が必要であるため、圧締設備が必要になるといった課題があるほか、一部材について２日以上の工程が必要であるという課題があった。 However, when a plurality of wood boards or prismatic wood single materials are assembled, when they are integrated by nailing, strength and durability are usually insufficient, and thus they are usually attached using an adhesive. In this case, in order to perform structurally strong bonding, for example, it is necessary to perform pressing for 15 hours or more, and an adhesive process and a pressing process are necessary in two orthogonal directions. In addition to the problem that it is necessary, there is a problem that a process of two days or more is required for one member.
また、上述した複合木質構造材を接合する場合、互いに接合される構造材に跨って接合金物（鉄板）をあてがい、接合金物を貫通して構造材にボルトを打ち込むことが考えられるが、ボルトの数が多数必要であり、また大きな接合金物が必要であるし、ボルトの曲げ強度による接合であるため接合効率も悪いといった課題がある。 Moreover, when joining the above-mentioned composite wood structure material, it is considered that a joint metal (iron plate) is applied across the structure materials to be joined to each other, and the bolt is driven into the structure material through the joint metal. There is a problem that a large number is required, a large metal fitting is required, and the bonding efficiency is poor because the bonding is based on the bending strength of the bolt.
本発明は、以上の課題を解決するものであり、その目的は、木材の持つ質感を損うことなく燃え止まり機能を付与できるようにした複合木質構造材を短期で製造することができ、また接合効率の高い複合木質構造材の製造方法およびその接合方法を提供するものである。 The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, the purpose of which can be produced in a short time a composite wood structure material capable of providing a flame-stop function without impairing the texture of wood, The present invention provides a method for producing a composite wood structure material having high joining efficiency and a joining method thereof.
前記目的を達成するため、本発明に係る複合木質構造材の製造方法は、長期荷重を支持するに足り木材からなる荷重支持層と、該荷重支持層の外側に配置される燃え止まり層と、該燃え止まり層の外側に配置され所定の燃えしろ厚さを有する木材からなる燃えしろ層とを備えてなり、かつ、前記燃え止まり層は、木材より熱容量が大きい高熱容量材、前記燃えしろ層を構成する木材より熱慣性を高くした木材等の異種材を有してなり、または不燃材にしてかつ断熱性を有する断熱材等の異種材のみからなる複合木質構造材の製造方法であって、前記荷重支持層、燃え止まり層および燃えしろ層は、複数の木質板又は角柱状の木質単材を集成してなるものであり、木質板に開けた孔に板状の異種材を同一平面上に嵌め付けた複合木質単板を形成するとともに、この複合木質単板の上下に他の複合木質単板又は木質板を集成することにより、前記燃え止まり層の部位においてのみ一又は複数の異種材が集成方向において点在若しくは連続配置されるように複合木質ブロックを形成し、該複合木質ブロックをさらに集成することを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, a method for manufacturing a composite wooden structure according to the present invention includes a load supporting layer made of sufficient wood to support a long-term load, and a flame stop layer disposed outside the load supporting layer, A burnout layer made of wood having a predetermined burnout thickness disposed outside the burnout layer, and the burnout layer is a high heat capacity material having a larger heat capacity than wood, the burnout layer A method for producing a composite wood structure material having different materials such as wood having higher thermal inertia than wood constituting the material, or comprising only different materials such as heat-insulating materials which are non-combustible materials and have heat insulation properties. The load support layer, the flame stop layer and the burn-off layer are formed by assembling a plurality of wooden boards or prismatic wooden single materials, and plate-like dissimilar materials are coplanar with holes formed in the wooden boards. Forming composite wood veneer fitted on top In addition, by assembling other composite wood veneers or wood boards above and below the composite wood veneer, one or more dissimilar materials are scattered or continuously arranged in the assembly direction only at the portion of the flame stop layer. A composite wood block is formed as described above, and the composite wood block is further assembled.
また、本発明に係る複合木質構造材の製造方法は、長期荷重を支持するに足り木材からなる荷重支持層と、該荷重支持層の外側に配置される燃え止まり層と、該燃え止まり層の外側に配置され所定の燃えしろ厚さを有する木材からなる燃えしろ層とを備えてなり、かつ、前記燃え止まり層は、木材より熱容量が大きい高熱容量材、前記燃えしろ層を構成する木材より熱慣性を高くした木材等の異種材を有してなり、不燃材にしてかつ断熱性を有する断熱材等の異種材のみからなる複合木質構造材の製造方法であって、木質板からなる単板と、木質板および異種材からなる単板とを集成することにより、前記異種材が前記燃え止まり層に配置されるように前記荷重支持層若しくは前記燃えしろ層の一部または全部を一体に構成する複合木質ブロックを形成し、当該複合木質ブロックを組み合わせることを特徴とする。 In addition, the method for producing a composite wooden structure material according to the present invention includes a load support layer made of sufficient wood to support a long-term load, a flame stop layer disposed outside the load support layer, and the flame stop layer. A burnout layer made of wood having a predetermined burnout thickness disposed on the outside, and the burnout layer is a high heat capacity material having a heat capacity larger than that of wood, and wood constituting the burnout layer A method for producing a composite wood structure material comprising a dissimilar material such as wood having a high thermal inertia, made of a non-combustible material and a dissimilar material such as a heat insulating material, and comprising a single wood plate By assembling a plate and a single plate made of a wood plate and a different material, a part or all of the load support layer or the burn-off layer is integrated so that the different material is arranged in the flame stop layer. Composing composite wood bro Forming a click, and wherein the combining the composite wood block.
本発明では、前記複合木質構造材の隅角部近傍において、前記異種材の断面積を大きくするように配置することが好ましい。 In this invention, it is preferable to arrange | position so that the cross-sectional area of the said dissimilar material may become large in the corner | angular part vicinity of the said composite wood structure material.
さらに、本発明に係る複合木質構造材の製造方法は、長期荷重を支持するに足り木材からなる荷重支持層と、該荷重支持層の外側に配置され、木材より熱容量が大きい高熱容量材、不燃材にしてかつ断熱性を有する断熱材等の異種材と木材とが混在してなる燃え止まり層と、該燃え止まり層の外側に配置され所定の燃えしろ厚さを有する木材からなる燃えしろ層とを備えてなる複合木質構造材の製造方法であって、前記燃え止まり層は、当該燃え止まり層を構成する木材の幅寸法が前記複合木質構造材全体の幅寸法の２０％以上となるように構成することを特徴とする。 Furthermore, the method for producing a composite wood structure material according to the present invention includes a load support layer made of wood sufficient to support a long-term load, a high heat capacity material having a larger heat capacity than wood, and a non-combustible material disposed outside the load support layer. A burn-out layer formed by mixing wood with a dissimilar material such as a heat-insulating material and a heat-insulating material, and a burn-out layer made of wood having a predetermined burn-in thickness disposed outside the burn-out layer The flame stop layer is configured such that the width dimension of the wood constituting the flame stop layer is 20% or more of the width dimension of the entire composite wooden structure material. It is characterized by comprising.
また、本発明にかかる複合木質構造材の接合方法は、長期荷重を支持するに足り木材からなる荷重支持層と、該荷重支持層の外側に配置される燃え止まり層と、該燃え止まり層の外側に配置され所定の燃えしろ厚さを有する木材からなる燃えしろ層とを備えてなり、かつ、前記燃え止まり層は、木材より熱容量が大きい高熱容量材、前記燃えしろ層を構成する木材より熱慣性を高くした木材等の異種材を有してなり、または不燃材にしてかつ断熱性を有する断熱材等の異種材のみからなる複合木質構造材の製造方法であって、互いに接合される前記複合木質構造材の一方の接合端部に断面十字状等の所定の凹所を形成し、他方の接合端部に前記一方の接合端部の凹所と係合する断面十字部等の凸部を形成し、前記凹所と前記凸部とを接着剤を介してまたは接着剤なしで係合することを特徴とする。 Further, the composite wood structure joining method according to the present invention includes a load supporting layer made of sufficient wood to support a long-term load, a flame stop layer disposed outside the load support layer, and the flame stop layer. A burnout layer made of wood having a predetermined burnout thickness disposed on the outside, and the burnout layer is a high heat capacity material having a heat capacity larger than that of wood, and wood constituting the burnout layer A method of manufacturing a composite wood structure material having different materials such as wood having high thermal inertia, or made of non-combustible material and only different materials such as heat insulation material, which are joined together. A predetermined recess, such as a cross-shaped cross-section, is formed at one joint end of the composite wooden structure material, and a convex, such as a cross-shaped cross-section, engaged with the recess of the one joint end, at the other joint end. Forming an adhesive, and connecting the concave portion and the convex portion with an adhesive. Characterized by engaging or without adhesive.
この発明においては、前記互いに接合される複合木質構造材のそれぞれの接合端部を係合した後、前記互いに接合される複合木質構造材のそれぞれを貫通するボルトを締結するか、または、前記接合端部が接着剤を介して係合され、前記ボルトが前記接着剤の圧締治具として機能することが好ましい。 In this invention, after engaging each joint end part of the said composite wood structure material joined together, the volt | bolt which penetrates each of the said composite wood structure material joined mutually is fastened, or said joining It is preferable that the end portions are engaged via an adhesive, and the bolt functions as a pressing jig for the adhesive.
以上の説明により明らかなように、本発明による複合木質構造材の製造方法にあっては、通常の集成材加工技術をそのまま適用して製作でき、かつ木材の持つ質感を損うことなく燃え止まり機能を付与できる複合木質構造材を短期で製造することができる。また、接合効率の高い複合木質構造材の接合方法を実現することができる。 As is apparent from the above description, in the method of manufacturing a composite wood structure material according to the present invention, it can be manufactured by applying a normal laminated wood processing technique as it is, and it does not burn without damaging the texture of the wood. A composite wood structure material capable of providing functions can be manufactured in a short time. Moreover, the joining method of the composite wood structure material with high joining efficiency is realizable.
以下、本発明の好ましい実施の形態につき、添付図面を参照して詳細に説明する。図１，２は本発明に係る複合木質構造材を木質集成柱に適用した第一の実施の形態を示すものである。図１（ａ）において、木質集成柱１は、長期荷重を支持するに足り木材からなって芯部を構成する荷重支持層２と、荷重支持層２の外周に配置される燃え止まり層３と、燃え止まり層３の外周に配置される燃えしろ層４との三層に観念的に区分して構成されるものである。 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment in which a composite wooden structure material according to the present invention is applied to a wooden laminated column. In FIG. 1 (a), a wooden laminated column 1 is composed of a load supporting layer 2 which is made of sufficient wood to support a long-term load and constitutes a core portion, and a dead end layer 3 disposed on the outer periphery of the load supporting layer 2. These are divided into three layers with the burn-off layer 4 arranged on the outer periphery of the flame-stopping layer 3.
図１（ｂ）に示されるように、荷重支持層２は、軸方向長期荷重に抗する断面積の設計値に応じて、例えば正方形断面の角材に製材された木材単材５をその断面積となるよう単一材として又は接着剤を介して多数の単材を集成してなるものである（荷重支持層２は、本発明では「層」と規定しているが、本実施の形態のように柱状のものを含む）。本実施の形態において、燃え止まり層３は、前記木材単材５と同じ木材単材５と、木材より熱容量（熱吸収量）が大きく木材単材５と同一断面積であって高熱容量材６（異種材）とを交互となるように一つおきに配置し、接着剤を介して集積したものである。燃えしろ層４は、前記と同一断面の木材単材５により構成し、燃え止まり層の全周を囲って接着剤を介して集成したものである。なお、燃え止まり層３を構成する高熱容量材６と、荷重支持層２または燃えしろ層４を構成する木材単材５とは、物理的に接していれば、接着剤によって接着されていなくてもよい。 As shown in FIG. 1 (b), the load support layer 2 is made of, for example, a single piece of wood 5 made of square material having a square cross section according to the design value of the cross sectional area that resists axial long-term load. (A load support layer 2 is defined as a “layer” in the present invention. As well as columnar ones). In the present embodiment, the burn-out layer 3 includes a single wood material 5 that is the same as the single wood material 5, a heat capacity (heat absorption amount) larger than that of the wood material, and has the same cross-sectional area as the single wood material 5 and a high heat capacity material 6. (Different materials) are alternately arranged so as to be alternated and accumulated via an adhesive. The burnout layer 4 is composed of a single wood material 5 having the same cross section as described above, and is assembled through an adhesive surrounding the entire periphery of the burnout stop layer. Note that the high heat capacity material 6 constituting the flame-stopping layer 3 and the single wood material 5 constituting the load supporting layer 2 or the burn-off layer 4 are not bonded by an adhesive as long as they are in physical contact. Also good.
使用される木材単材５は、米松、唐松、檜、杉、あすなろなど一般の木造建築の柱材として用いられる樹種が選択される。また、製材された木材単材５の一本当りの断面積は小さいため、これらの樹種の間伐材なども使用可能であり、この場合には資源の有効活用の面からも好ましいものとなる。 As the single wood material 5 to be used, a tree species used as a pillar material of a general wooden building such as rice pine, Karamatsu, firewood, cedar, and Asunaro is selected. Moreover, since the cross-sectional area per one piece of the lumber single material 5 is small, it is also possible to use thinned wood of these tree species. In this case, it is preferable from the viewpoint of effective utilization of resources.
なお、本実施の形態のように、荷重支持層２、燃え止まり層３および燃えしろ層４が木材からなることにより、三層間において木材が連続している。このため、木材からなる三層２，３，４全体で固定荷重、積載荷重、積雪荷重、風圧力、地震力の短期に生ずる力（短期荷重）に対して構造耐力上安全であり、かつ、荷重支持層のみで固定荷重、積載荷重、積雪荷重の長期に生ずる力（長期荷重）に対して構造耐力上安全であるようにその断面設計がなされる。 Note that, as in the present embodiment, the load supporting layer 2, the burn-out stop layer 3, and the burn-off layer 4 are made of wood, so that the wood is continuous between the three layers. For this reason, it is safe in terms of structural strength against the force (short-term load) generated in the short term of the fixed load, load load, snow load, wind pressure, seismic force in the three layers 2, 3 and 4 made of wood, and The cross-sectional design is made so that it is safe in terms of structural strength against long-term forces (long-term loads) of fixed loads, loaded loads, and snow loads with only the load support layer.
前記高熱容量材６としては、コンクリート、モルタル、石材、ガラス、繊維補強セメントなどの無機質材料、鉄筋などの鉄、ステンレスなどの金属材料を前記木材１の断面及び長さに合わせて予め成形したものなどがあるほか、前記と同一断面の中空矩形状断面の鋼管等のパイプ内に前記無機材料、液体金属、水、無機水和塩、消石灰等の蓄熱材料を充填して一体化したものを採用することができる。 As the high heat capacity material 6, an inorganic material such as concrete, mortar, stone, glass, fiber reinforced cement, or a metal material such as iron such as a reinforcing bar, stainless steel, or the like is formed in advance according to the cross section and length of the wood 1. In addition, a pipe such as a steel pipe with a hollow rectangular cross section having the same cross section as the above is filled with the heat storage material such as the inorganic material, liquid metal, water, inorganic hydrated salt, slaked lime, etc. can do.
以上の各材料の熱容量は、木材単材５を１とすると、コンクリートモルタル、石、ガラスで３．３程度、鉄で５．３、水で６．４とかなりの高熱容量となっており、全体を高熱容量材６で囲わなくとも、この位置で燃え止まりがなされ、内部の荷重支持層２を保護することになるほか、使用材料によっては、補強効果も大きいものとなる。 The heat capacity of each of the above materials is as high as 3.3 for concrete mortar, stone, and glass, 5.3 for iron, and 6.4 for water, assuming that the single wood 5 is 1. Even if the whole is not surrounded by the high heat capacity material 6, the flame is stopped at this position, and the internal load supporting layer 2 is protected, and depending on the material used, the reinforcing effect is great.
前記燃えしろ層４の断面厚みは絶対値であり、火災時における木材の炭化速度を考慮してその厚みが設計される。建築基準法によれば、防火構造（要求耐火時間３０分）、準耐火構造（同４５分）、特定準耐火構造（同１時間）のそれぞれについて、燃えしろとして、２．５ｃｍ（昭和６２年建告第１９０２号）、３．５ｃｍ（平成１２年建告第１３５８号）、４．５ｃｍ（平成１２年建告第１３８０号）と規定されている。また、建築基準法では、耐火構造（要求耐火時間１〜３時間）について燃えしろは規定されていないが、火災終了後に、燃え止まることが必要であるとされている。 The cross-sectional thickness of the burn-off layer 4 is an absolute value, and the thickness is designed in consideration of the carbonization rate of wood during a fire. According to the Building Standards Law, each fireproof structure (required fireproof time: 30 minutes), semi-fireproof structure (45 minutes), and specific semi-fireproof structure (1 hour): 2.5 cm (Showa 62) No. 1902), 3.5 cm (2000 No. 1358), and 4.5 cm (2000 No. 1380). In addition, the Building Standards Law does not stipulate burnout for fireproof structures (required fireproof time of 1 to 3 hours), but it is said that it is necessary to stop burning after the end of the fire.
ところで、耐火建築物の主要構造部に（または耐火構造として）木構造部材を使用する場合は、火災継続中だけでなく、火災終了後においても耐力を保持し続けることが必要とされる。そこで、耐火構造は、特定準耐火構造よりも要求性能が高いため、１時間の耐火構造とするためには４５ｍｍの燃えしろが必要であることに加えて燃え止まり性能が必要となる。従って、本実施の形態において、要求耐火時間を１時間とした場合、燃えしろ層４の厚みを４５ｍｍとすればよい。 By the way, when using a wooden structure member for the main structural part of a fireproof building (or as a fireproof structure), it is necessary to keep the yield strength not only during the fire but also after the fire is over. Therefore, since the required performance of the fireproof structure is higher than that of the specific quasi-fireproof structure, in addition to the need for a 45 mm burnout in order to obtain a one-hour fireproof structure, a flame-stopping performance is required. Therefore, in the present embodiment, when the required fire resistance time is 1 hour, the thickness of the burnt layer 4 may be 45 mm.
木材の炭化速度は樹種によって異なり、一般的には０．６ｍｍ／分と言われている。よって、加熱または火災から１時間経過後の燃えしろは３６ｍｍとなる。例えば２時間耐火を企図した場合、前述の炭化速度のみを考慮すれば、２時間経過後の燃えしろは７２ｍｍとなるが、２時間の耐火構造とするためには７２ｍｍの燃えしろが必要であることに加えて燃え止まり性能が必要となる。本発明によれば、燃え止まり層３の存在によってそれ以上の内部への炭化が防止されるため、７２ｍｍ程度とすることができる。 The carbonization rate of wood varies depending on the tree species, and is generally said to be 0.6 mm / min. Therefore, the burnout after 1 hour from heating or fire is 36 mm. For example, when 2 hours of fire resistance is intended, if only the above-mentioned carbonization rate is taken into consideration, the burnout after 2 hours will be 72 mm, but a burnout of 72 mm is required in order to obtain a 2 hour fireproof structure. In addition, it must be able to burn out. According to the present invention, further carbonization to the inside is prevented by the presence of the flame stop layer 3, so that the thickness can be about 72 mm.
本実施形態においては、燃えしろ層４及び燃え止まり層３はそれぞれ一本分の木材単材５及び高熱容量材６とから構成され、したがって各層を構成する木材単材５及び高熱容量材６の断面積は（例えば７２ｍｍ２）となっている。 In the present embodiment, the burn-off layer 4 and the non-burning layer 3 are each composed of a single piece of wood 5 and a high heat capacity material 6, and accordingly, the wood single material 5 and the high heat capacity material 6 constituting each layer. The cross-sectional area is (for example, 72 mm 2 ).
また、長さは柱１としての用途の場合には、４ｍ程度に設定することが望ましいが、通常このような木材は単材としては得難いため、木材単材の場合には、図２に示すように縦方向にも適宜の継手手段を介して長さ方向に適宜継足すことで、目的とする長さを得ることができる。 In addition, in the case of the use as the pillar 1, it is desirable to set the length to about 4 m. However, usually such wood is difficult to obtain as a single material. In this way, the desired length can be obtained by appropriately adding the lengthwise direction through appropriate joint means.
木材は、着火温度に達すると可燃性ガスが生成される。本発明では、例えば、木材断面に高熱容量材６を有する燃え止まり層３を設け、その熱容量（ｃρ）を高めて温度上昇を抑制（＝可燃性ガスの生成を抑制）する。 When wood reaches an ignition temperature, combustible gas is generated. In the present invention, for example, the flame stop layer 3 having the high heat capacity material 6 is provided on the cross section of the wood, and the heat capacity (cρ) is increased to suppress the temperature rise (= suppress the generation of combustible gas).
ここで、ΔＴは上昇温度（Ｋ）、ΔＱは熱量（ｋＪ）、ｃは比熱（ｋＪ／ｋｇＫ）、ρは密度（ｋｇ／ｍ３）、Ｖは体積（ｍ３）であるが、ΔＴは、
上述した実施の形態において、燃え止まり層３に設けられる高熱容量材６は、木質集成柱１の隅角部に必要的に配置するか、隅角部の高熱容量材６のみを他の高熱容量材６より大きくすることが効果的である。隅角部は、二方向から加熱され吸収すべき熱量が他の部位と比較して大きいからである。 In the above-described embodiment, the high heat capacity material 6 provided in the dead end layer 3 is disposed in the corner portion of the wooden laminated column 1 or only the high heat capacity material 6 at the corner portion is provided with another high heat capacity. It is effective to make it larger than the material 6. This is because the corner portion has a larger amount of heat to be heated and absorbed from two directions than other portions.
図３は、前記柱１に木質集成梁７及び木質集成間仕切り壁８を組付けた場合の第二の実施の形態を示している。同図において、梁７は前記と同様に荷重支持層９、これの外周を覆う燃え止まり層１０、及びその最外周に燃えしろ層１１に区分され、荷重支持層９にはこれの軸直交方向に対する長期荷重に抗すべく複数の木材単材５を縦長状に集成接着し、燃え止まり層１０には木材単材５と高熱容量材６とを交互に集成接着し、燃えしろ層１１には木材単材５を集成接着している。 FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment in which a wooden laminated beam 7 and a wooden laminated partition wall 8 are assembled to the pillar 1. In the figure, the beam 7 is divided into a load support layer 9, a flame stop layer 10 covering the outer periphery of the load support layer 9, and a burn-off layer 11 at the outermost periphery in the same manner as described above. In order to withstand a long-term load, a plurality of single wood members 5 are laminated and bonded in a vertically long shape, and the single wood material 5 and the high heat capacity material 6 are alternately laminated and bonded to the flame stop layer 10, and the burnout layer 11 A single piece of wood 5 is bonded together.
また、間仕切り壁８は、中芯を燃え止まり層１２として、木材単材５と高熱容量材６とを一つおき交互に接ぎ合せ、その両側に燃えしろ層１４として木材単材５を接ぎ合せた合板を積層接着している。 In addition, the partition wall 8 is made by joining the wood single material 5 and the high heat capacity material 6 alternately every other center as the burning stop layer 12 and joining the wood single material 5 as the burn-off layer 14 on both sides thereof. Laminated and bonded plywood.
この間仕切り壁８は特に耐力を必要としないところから、専ら燃え止まりを目的として以上の構成としたが、耐力壁、あるいは床材など、荷重に対する耐力を必要とする場合には、厚さ方向中心に荷重支持層となる木材を配置すればよい。 Since the partition wall 8 does not require any proof stress, the partition wall 8 has the above-described configuration exclusively for the purpose of stopping the flame. However, when a load proof strength such as a load-bearing wall or a flooring is required, the center in the thickness direction is used. It suffices to arrange wood as a load supporting layer.
図４は、前記第一、第二実施形態における柱１の変形例を示すものである。先ず、図４（ａ）においては、上下に位置する熱容量材６ａを木材単材５の断面に対して横長二倍の断面とした場合を示し、（ｂ）は角部に位置する熱容量材６ｂを三角柱状とし、これに三角柱状とした木材単材５ａを接ぎ合せて、他の部位の断面に合わせた場合を示し、（ｃ）は木材単材５ｂの断面を横長または縦長の二倍または三倍とした場合における組合わせ例を示している。 FIG. 4 shows a modification of the pillar 1 in the first and second embodiments. First, in FIG. 4 (a), the case where the heat capacity material 6a positioned above and below is a cross section that is twice as long as the cross section of the single wood material 5 is shown, and (b) is the heat capacity material 6b positioned at the corner. Is a triangular prism shape, and a single piece of wood material 5a in the shape of a triangular prism is joined to match the cross section of another part, and (c) shows a cross section of the single wood material 5b that is twice the horizontal or vertical length or A combination example in the case of triple is shown.
以上のように、本発明によれば、上記各実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、得ようとする燃え止まり層の仕様や、得られる木材単材の形状などに応じて種々の組合わせを選択できる。 As described above, according to the present invention, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various combinations are possible depending on the specifications of the stop layer to be obtained and the shape of a single wood material to be obtained. Can be selected.
上述した実施の形態では、異種材として高熱容量材６を採用したが、高熱容量材６に代えて、熱慣性の大きい木材を採用することができる。また、燃え止まり層３を、不燃材にして断熱性を有する、例えば不燃木材、珪酸カルシウム板、ロックウール、グラスウール等の断熱材のみで構成することもできる。不燃木材としては、例えば株式会社ＴＫマテリアルズが販売するもの（国土交通大臣認定番号ＮＭ−０１６８）を使用することができる。この場合、上述した式の熱量（ΔＱ）を小さくすることにより温度上昇を抑制（＝可燃性ガスの生成を抑制）し、炭化を防止するである。また、本発明の異種材として、燃えしろ層４を構成する木材より熱慣性（熱吸収性）を高くした木材を採用することもできる。例えば、燃え止まり層３は、荷重支持層２ないしは燃えしろ層４を構成する木材と、これらの木材より高密度（熱慣性が高い）の木材とを混在して構成することができる。 In the above-described embodiment, the high heat capacity material 6 is employed as the dissimilar material, but wood having a large thermal inertia can be employed instead of the high heat capacity material 6. Moreover, the flame stop layer 3 can also be comprised only with heat insulating materials, such as a non-combustible wood, a calcium silicate board, rock wool, glass wool, etc. which have heat insulation as a nonflammable material. As the incombustible wood, for example, one sold by TK Materials Co., Ltd. (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism certified number NM-0168) can be used. In this case, the temperature rise is suppressed by suppressing the calorie | heat amount ((DELTA) Q) of the type | formula mentioned above (= production | generation of combustible gas is suppressed), and carbonization is prevented. Further, as the dissimilar material of the present invention, wood having higher thermal inertia (heat absorption) than wood constituting the burn-off layer 4 can be employed. For example, the burn-out stop layer 3 can be formed by mixing the wood constituting the load support layer 2 or the burn-off layer 4 and wood having higher density (higher thermal inertia) than these woods.
ところで、木材の外側を不燃木材によって被覆することも考えられるが、実験によれば、自己の燃焼はほとんど見られなかったが、炭化速度は一般的な木材と同じ程度であり、断面欠損が生じてしまった。本発明のように、燃えしろ層として通常の木材を使用しつつ、燃え止まりを期待する部分に断熱材６を配置することにより、コストを安価にすることができる。 By the way, it is conceivable to cover the outside of the wood with non-combustible wood, but according to the experiment, self-burning was hardly seen, but the carbonization rate was the same as that of general wood, and a cross-sectional defect occurred. I have. As in the present invention, the cost can be reduced by disposing the heat insulating material 6 in the portion where the burning is expected while using ordinary wood as the burn-in layer.
図５は、荷重支持層２と、荷重支持層２の外周に配置される燃え止まり層３と、燃え止まり層３の外周に配置されて所定の燃えしろ厚さを有する燃えしろ層４との三層からなる柱において、燃え止まり層３を構成する木材の繊維方向を、熱の流れる方向、すなわち構造材の内外方向と一致するように配置してなる。これにより、燃え止まり層３を構成する木材の繊維方向を熱の流れる方向と直交させた場合（ａ）と比較して、同繊維方向を熱の流れる方向と一致させた場合（ｂ）にあっては、燃え止まり層３の熱伝導率が２倍になるので、熱慣性すなわち熱吸収率を約１．４倍（２の平方根）と高くすることができ、燃え止まらせることができる。 FIG. 5 shows a load support layer 2, a burnout layer 3 disposed on the outer periphery of the load support layer 2, and a burnout layer 4 disposed on the outer periphery of the flame stop layer 3 and having a predetermined burnout thickness. In the pillar composed of three layers, the fiber direction of the wood constituting the burnout layer 3 is arranged so as to coincide with the direction of heat flow, that is, the inner and outer directions of the structural material. As a result, compared with the case (a) in which the fiber direction of the wood constituting the flame-stopping layer 3 is orthogonal to the direction in which heat flows, the case in which the fiber direction matches the direction in which heat flows (b). Thus, since the thermal conductivity of the flame stop layer 3 is doubled, the thermal inertia, that is, the heat absorption rate can be increased to about 1.4 times (square root of 2), and the flame can be stopped.
以上の各実施の形態における木質集成柱１、木質集成梁７、木質集成間仕切り８は、複合木質構造材として、建築物の全部又は一部を構築する材料として用いられる。 The wooden laminated pillar 1, the wooden laminated beam 7, and the wooden laminated partition 8 in each of the embodiments described above are used as materials for constructing all or part of a building as a composite wooden structural material.
上述したように、燃え止まり層３は、木材単材５と、高熱容量材６、断熱材又は繊維方向を異ならせた木材（以下、これらを異種材と称する）とを交互となるように一つおきに配置して集積したものである。燃えしろ層４は、前記と同一断面の木材単材５により構成し、燃え止まり層の全周を囲って集成したものであり、荷重支持層２、燃え止まり層３および燃えしろ層４は木材が連続している。なお、燃え止まり層３を構成する高熱容量材６と、荷重支持層２または燃えしろ層４を構成する木材単材５とは、物理的に接していれば、接着剤によって接着されていなくてもよい。 As described above, the flame-stopping layer 3 is formed so that the single wood material 5 and the high heat capacity material 6, the heat insulating material, or the wood with different fiber directions (hereinafter referred to as different materials) are alternately arranged. It is arranged every other place. The burnout layer 4 is composed of a single wood material 5 having the same cross section as described above, and is assembled around the entire circumference of the flame stop layer. The load support layer 2, the flame stop layer 3 and the burnout layer 4 are made of wood. Is continuous. Note that the high heat capacity material 6 constituting the flame-stopping layer 3 and the single wood material 5 constituting the load supporting layer 2 or the burn-off layer 4 are not bonded by an adhesive as long as they are in physical contact. Also good.
図６、７は、荷重支持層２および燃えしろ層４と連続して燃え止まり層３を構成する木材の幅寸法ｂが複合木質構造材全体の幅寸法Ｂとの関係で構造的に一体となるかを検証した結果である。図７（ａ），（ｂ）に示されるように、例えば６０ｃｍ角材で耐火性能時間１時間の条件で、必要接着幅／幅（ｂ／Ｂ）を２０％以上とすれば、荷重支持層で使用しているからまつの許容せん断応力度（長期１０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２、短期２０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２）を下回り、燃えしろ層４、燃え止まり層３と構造的に一体となる。なお、必要接着幅／幅（ｂ／Ｂ）の上限値は、異種材の熱容量との関係で決せられる。
以下、上述した複合木質構造材の製造方法について説明する。
図８（ａ）〜（ｄ）は、第一の実施の形態に係る製造方法を示している。この実施の形態では、木質板３０の中間部に開けた孔３０ａに板状の異種材３１を同一平面上に嵌め付けた複合木質単板３２を形成するとともに、複合木質単板３２の上下に当該複合木質単板３２と同一寸法の他の複合木質単板３２又は木質板３３を集成し（図８ａ）、端部を切削することにより（図８（ｂ））、燃え止まり層３の部位においてのみ一又は複数の異種材３１が集成方向において点在若しくは連続配置されるように複合木質ブロック３４ａ，ｂを形成し（図８（ｃ））、該複合木質ブロック３４ａ，ｂをさらに集成することにより（ブロック接合用のボルトＣにより同図中で左右方向に緊結）、複合木質構造材３５ａ，ｂとしている（図８（ｄ））。なお、複合木質構造材３５ａ，３５ｂは、ボルトＣによる緊結に際し、緊結方向の両端部に複数枚の鋼板をその表面に介在しているが、鋼板を介在することは本発明において必須ではない。また、異種材３１がコンクリート、モルタル、繊維補強セメント等の無機質材料、鉄筋などの鉄、ステンレスなどの金属材料のような場合は、図８（ａ）に示される製造時には、異種材の部分を空洞としておき、同図（ｄ）の複合木質構造材となった時点で、無機質材料を注入したり、金属材料を挿入したりして製造する。
Hereinafter, the manufacturing method of the composite wood structure material mentioned above is demonstrated.
8A to 8D show the manufacturing method according to the first embodiment. In this embodiment, a composite wood veneer 32 in which a plate-like dissimilar material 31 is fitted on the same plane is formed in a hole 30a opened in an intermediate portion of the wood veneer 30, and above and below the composite wood veneer 32. By assembling another composite wood veneer 32 or wood plate 33 having the same dimensions as the composite wood veneer 32 (FIG. 8a) and cutting the end (FIG. 8b), the part of the burn-out layer 3 The composite wood blocks 34a and 34b are formed such that only one or a plurality of different materials 31 are scattered or continuously arranged in the assembly direction (FIG. 8C), and the composite wood blocks 34a and 34b are further assembled. Therefore, the composite wood structure materials 35a and 35b are formed (FIG. 8 (d)). In the composite wood structure materials 35a and 35b, a plurality of steel plates are interposed on both surfaces of the both ends in the tightening direction when the bolts C are tightened. In the case where the dissimilar material 31 is an inorganic material such as concrete, mortar, fiber reinforced cement, or a metal material such as iron such as a reinforcing bar or stainless steel, the dissimilar material part is not used in the production shown in FIG. It is set as a cavity, and when it becomes the composite wood structure material of FIG. 4D, it is manufactured by injecting an inorganic material or inserting a metal material.
図９（ａ）〜（ｄ）は、第二の実施の形態に係る製造方法を示している。この実施の形態では、木質板３０の長手方向両側部に開けた孔３０ａに板状の異種材３１を同一平面上に嵌め付けた複合木質単板３２を形成するとともに、複合木質単板３２の上下に当該複合木質単板３２と同一寸法の他の複合木質単板３２又は木質板３３を集成し（図９ａ）、端部を切削することにより（図９（ｂ））、燃え止まり層３の部位においてのみ一又は複数の異種材３１が集成方向において点在若しくは連続配置されるように複合木質ブロック３４ａ，ｂを形成し（図９（ｃ））、該複合木質ブロック３４ａ，ｂをさらに集成することにより（ボルトＣにより同図中で左右方向に緊結）、複合木質構造材３５ａ，ｂとしている（図９（ｄ））。なお、複合木質構造材３５ａ，３５ｂは、ボルトＣによる緊結に際し、緊結方向の両端部に複数枚の鋼板をその表面に介在しているが、鋼板を介在することは本発明において必須ではない。また、異種材３１がコンクリート、モルタル、繊維補強セメント等の無機質材料、鉄筋などの鉄、ステンレスなどの金属材料のような場合は、図９（ａ）に示される製造時には、異種材の部分を空洞としておき、同図（ｄ）の複合木質構造材となった時点で、無機質材料を注入したり、金属材料を挿入したりして製造する。 9A to 9D show a manufacturing method according to the second embodiment. In this embodiment, a composite wood veneer 32 in which plate-like dissimilar materials 31 are fitted on the same plane is formed in holes 30a opened on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the wood veneer 30. A composite wood veneer 32 or wood plate 33 having the same dimensions as the composite wood veneer 32 is assembled on the top and bottom (FIG. 9a), and the ends are cut (FIG. 9 (b)). The composite wood blocks 34a and 34b are formed such that only one or a plurality of different materials 31 are scattered or continuously arranged in the direction of assembly (FIG. 9C), and the composite wood blocks 34a and 34b are further formed. By assembling (tightening in the left-right direction in the figure by bolts C), composite wood structure materials 35a and 35b are formed (FIG. 9 (d)). In the composite wood structure members 35a and 35b, a plurality of steel plates are interposed on both surfaces of the both ends in the tightening direction when tightening with the bolts C, but it is not essential in the present invention to interpose the steel plates. In the case where the dissimilar material 31 is an inorganic material such as concrete, mortar, fiber reinforced cement, or a metal material such as iron such as a reinforcing bar or stainless steel, the dissimilar material part is not used in the production shown in FIG. It is set as a cavity, and when it becomes the composite wood structure material of FIG. 4D, it is manufactured by injecting an inorganic material or inserting a metal material.
図１０（ａ），（ｂ）は、第三の実施の形態に係る製造方法を示している。この実施の形態では、木質板３３からなる単板と、木質板３３および異種材３１（同図中で着色）からなる単板（前述した複合木質単板３２を含む）とを集成することにより、複合木質ブロック３９を形成する。複合木質ブロック３９は、前記単板の集成方向を利用して、異種材３１が燃え止まり層３に配置されるように荷重支持層２若しくは燃えしろ層４の一部または全部を一体に構成されており、当該複合木質ブロック３９を互いに直角となるように配置しつつ組み合わせた上で、井桁状に配置されるボルトＢ（縦継ぎ用），Ｃ（ブロック接合用）を緊結することにより、木質集成柱１等の複合木質構造材が製造される。 FIGS. 10A and 10B show a manufacturing method according to the third embodiment. In this embodiment, by assembling a single plate made of the wooden board 33 and a single board made of the wooden board 33 and the dissimilar material 31 (colored in the figure) (including the composite wooden single board 32 described above). The composite wood block 39 is formed. The composite wood block 39 is configured such that a part or all of the load support layer 2 or the burn-off layer 4 is integrally formed so that the dissimilar material 31 is disposed on the burn-in stop layer 3 by using the assembly direction of the single plates. By combining the composite wood blocks 39 while being arranged so as to be at right angles to each other, the bolts B (for longitudinal connection) and C (for block joining) arranged in a cross-girder shape are fastened, and the wood A composite wood structure material such as a laminated pillar 1 is manufactured.
本実施の形態によれば、ボルトＢ，Ｃが接着剤の圧締治具として機能するため、接合端部の摩擦力により接合強度が増し、ボルトＢ，Ｃの数を削減することができながら、高い接合強度を得ることができる。 According to the present embodiment, since the bolts B and C function as an adhesive pressing jig, the joint strength is increased by the frictional force of the joint end, and the number of bolts B and C can be reduced. High bonding strength can be obtained.
以上のように製造される複合木質構造材は、見かけ上、各ブロック（木質ブロック３７ないしは複合木質ブロック３９）が３×３の状態に配置されていることになる。図１１（ａ）〜（ｇ）、図１２（ａ）〜（ｇ）は、上述した各ブロック（木質ブロック３７ないしは複合木質ブロック３９）が、見かけ上、３×３，４×４，５×５，６×６，７×７，８×８，９×９の状態に配置される場合の例をそれぞれ示している。各ブロックは、長手方向に木質板３３または異種材板３１が集成され、着色部分が異種材板３１あるいは複合木質単板３２である。 In the composite wood structure manufactured as described above, each block (wood block 37 or composite wood block 39) is apparently arranged in a 3 × 3 state. 11 (a) to 11 (g) and FIGS. 12 (a) to 12 (g), each of the blocks (wood block 37 or composite wood block 39) is apparently 3 × 3, 4 × 4, 5 ×. Examples in the case of being arranged in the states of 5, 6 × 6, 7 × 7, 8 × 8, and 9 × 9 are shown. In each block, the wood board 33 or the different material board 31 is assembled in the longitudinal direction, and the colored portion is the different material board 31 or the composite wood single board 32.
以上の図８〜１０に示される実施の形態によれば、木質ブロック３７、ないしは予め所定の部位（燃え止まり層）に異種材を配置して、複合木質ブロック３４ａ，ｂまたは３９を用意しておくことにより、ボルトＣあるいは接着剤のみにより、または併用することにより、短時間で、所望の複合木質構造材を製造することができる。 According to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 to 10 described above, the composite wood block 34a, b or 39 is prepared by disposing the wood block 37 or a different material in advance in a predetermined part (fire stop layer). Therefore, the desired composite wood structure material can be manufactured in a short time by using only the bolt C or the adhesive, or by using them together.
図１３は、上述した方法により製造される複合木質構造材として木質集成柱１の接合方法に係る実施の形態を示している。本実施の形態は、例えば柱の縦継ぎに採用されるものであって、互いに接合される複合木質構造材の一方の構造材１Ａの接合端部をその四隅部４０ａ〜４０ｄを残して断面十字状に切り欠いて凹所４０ｅを形成し（図１３（ａ）を参照）、他方の接合端部１Ｂはその四隅部を切り欠いて一方の接合端部１Ａの凹所４０ｅと係合する断面十字部（凸部）４１としている。なお、四隅部４０ａ〜４０ｄの高さ寸法（断面十字状の切り欠き深さ）と、断面十字部４１の高さ寸法（四隅部の切り欠き深さ）とは、同一となっている。 FIG. 13 shows an embodiment relating to a method for joining the wooden laminated columns 1 as a composite wooden structure manufactured by the above-described method. This embodiment is employed for, for example, a longitudinal connection of pillars, and is a cross-sectional cross-section with the joint ends of one structural material 1A of composite wooden structural materials to be joined to each other, leaving the four corner portions 40a to 40d. A recess 40e is formed by cutting out into a shape (see FIG. 13 (a)), and the other joint end 1B is cut away at its four corners to engage with the recess 40e of one joint end 1A. A cross portion (convex portion) 41 is provided. In addition, the height dimension (cross-sectional notch depth) of the four corner portions 40a to 40d is the same as the height dimension (cut-out depth of the four corner portions) of the cross-sectional cross portion 41.
上述した実施の形態では、一方の構造材１Ａの接合端部をその四隅部４０ａ〜４０ｄを残して断面十字状に切り欠き、他方の接合端部１Ｂはその四隅部を切り欠いて一方の接合端部１Ａと係合する断面十字部４１としたが、各ブロック（木質ブロック３７ないしは複合木質ブロック３４ａ，ｂまたは複合木質ブロック３９）の長さ寸法を変えるとともに、その接合端部において前記凹所４０ｅないしは断面十字部４１が形成されるように集成して製造することもできる。 In the above-described embodiment, the joining end portion of one structural material 1A is cut out in a cross-shaped cross section leaving the four corner portions 40a to 40d, and the other joining end portion 1B is cut out at the four corner portions and joined to one side. Although the cross-shaped cross section 41 is engaged with the end 1A, the length of each block (the wood block 37, the composite wood block 34a, b, or the composite wood block 39) is changed, and the recess is formed at the joint end. 40e or cross section 41 may be assembled and manufactured.
そして、四隅部４０ａ〜４０ｄと断面十字部４１とを接着剤を介してまたは接合ボルトを用いて係合する（係合状態の断面図を図１３（ｃ）に示す）。その後、図１３（ｂ）に示されるように、断面十字部４１と断面十字部４１を挟む四隅部４０ａ〜４０ｄとを貫通して複数のボルトＢを締結している。 Then, the four corner portions 40a to 40d and the cross-shaped cross portion 41 are engaged with each other with an adhesive or using a joining bolt (a cross-sectional view in an engaged state is shown in FIG. 13C). Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 13B, a plurality of bolts B are fastened through the cross-sectional cross portion 41 and the four corner portions 40 a to 40 d sandwiching the cross-sectional cross portion 41.
本実施の形態によれば、従来のような接合金物が不要になるといった効果が得られ、しかも、ボルトＢが接着剤の圧締治具としても機能することと相俟って、接合端部の摩擦力により接合強度が増し、ボルトＢの数を削減することができ、高い接合強度を得ることができる。 According to the present embodiment, the effect of eliminating the need for conventional joint hardware is obtained, and in addition to the fact that the bolt B also functions as an adhesive clamping jig, the joint end portion The frictional force increases the bonding strength, the number of bolts B can be reduced, and a high bonding strength can be obtained.
なお、本発明において、例えば図１３に示すように、複合木質構造材の表面にボルトＢ，Ｃが露出すると、当該ボルトＢ，Ｃを通じて熱が内部に伝達されやすくなることから、セラミックボルト等の熱が伝達されにくく且つ不燃材からなるボルトを採用することが好ましい。また、ボルトが表面に露出しないように構造材の中間部（例えば、燃えしろ層４より内側）で留めておき、表面側では埋め木をすることが好ましい。 In the present invention, for example, as shown in FIG. 13, when the bolts B and C are exposed on the surface of the composite wood structure material, heat is easily transferred to the inside through the bolts B and C. It is preferable to employ bolts made of non-combustible material that are difficult to transfer heat. Further, it is preferable that the bolt is fastened at an intermediate portion of the structural material (for example, inside the burnt layer 4) so that the bolt is not exposed on the surface, and buried on the surface side.
また、上記実施の形態では、凹所および凸部を断面十字状ないしは断面十字部として形成したが、一文字状や櫛の歯状であってもよいし、他の形状であってもよいことは勿論である。また、互いに接合される構造材のそれぞれの長手方向に一又は複数の中空部を形成するとともに、中空部内に補強部材を配置することもできる。 Further, in the above embodiment, the recess and the convex portion are formed as a cross-shaped cross section or a cross-shaped cross section, but it may be a single letter shape, a comb tooth shape, or other shapes. Of course. Moreover, while forming one or several hollow part in the longitudinal direction of each structural material joined mutually, a reinforcement member can also be arrange | positioned in a hollow part.
さらに、周知のように、互いに接合される構造材のそれぞれに溝を形成するとともに、接合される構造材のそれぞれの溝に跨って鉄板を挿入し、当該鉄板を貫通してピンを打つこともできる。 Furthermore, as is well known, a groove is formed in each of the structural materials to be joined together, and an iron plate is inserted across each groove of the structural material to be joined, and a pin is hit through the iron plate. it can.
１ 木質集成柱
２ 荷重支持層
３ 燃え止り層
４ 燃えしろ層
５ 木材単材
６ 高熱容量材、熱慣性の高い材あるいは不燃材にしてかつ断熱性を有する断熱材
３０，３３ 木質板
３０ａ 孔
３１ 異種材
３２ 複合木質単板
３４ａ，ｂ 複合木質ブロック
３５ａ，ｂ 複合木質構造材
３７ 木質ブロック
３８ 異種材ブロック
３９ 複合木質ブロック
４０ａ〜４０ｄ 四隅部
４０ｅ 凹所
４１ 断面十字部（凸部）
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Wood laminated pillar 2 Load-bearing layer 3 Non-flammable layer 4 Burn-off layer 5 Wood single material 6 High heat capacity material, material with high thermal inertia or incombustible material and heat insulation 30,33 Wood board 30a Hole 31 Heterogeneous material 32 Composite wood veneer 34a, b Composite wood block 35a, b Composite wood structure material 37 Wood block 38 Dissimilar material block 39 Composite wood block 40a-40d Four corners 40e Recess 41 Cross section (convex)
Claims (7)
該荷重支持層の外側に配置される燃え止まり層と、
該燃え止まり層の外側に配置され所定の燃えしろ厚さを有する木材からなる燃えしろ層とを備えてなり、
かつ、前記燃え止まり層は、木材より熱容量が大きい高熱容量材、前記燃えしろ層を構成する木材より熱慣性を高くした木材等の異種材を有してなり、または不燃材にしてかつ断熱性を有する断熱材等の異種材のみからなる複合木質構造材の製造方法であって、
前記荷重支持層、燃え止まり層および燃えしろ層は、複数の木質板又は角柱状の木質単材を集成してなるものであり、
木質板に開けた孔に板状の異種材を同一平面上に嵌め付けた複合木質単板を形成するとともに、この複合木質単板の上下に他の複合木質単板又は木質板を集成することにより、前記燃え止まり層の部位においてのみ一又は複数の異種材が集成方向において点在若しくは連続配置されるように複合木質ブロックを形成し、
該複合木質ブロックをさらに集成することを特徴とする複合木質構造材の製造方法。 A load support layer made of wood sufficient to support long-term loads; and
A flame stop layer disposed outside the load bearing layer;
A burnout layer made of wood having a predetermined burnout thickness disposed outside the burnout layer,
In addition, the flame stop layer has a high heat capacity material having a heat capacity larger than that of wood, a dissimilar material such as wood having higher thermal inertia than the wood constituting the burn-off layer, or a non-combustible material and has a heat insulating property. A method for producing a composite wood structure material consisting only of different materials such as a heat insulating material,
The load support layer, the flame stop layer, and the burnout layer are formed by assembling a plurality of wooden boards or prismatic wooden single materials,
Form a composite wood veneer in which a plate-like dissimilar material is fitted on the same plane in a hole formed in the wood veneer, and assemble another composite wood veneer or wood veneer above and below this composite wood veneer By forming a composite wood block so that only one or a plurality of different materials are interspersed or continuously arranged in the assembly direction only at the part of the flame stop layer,
A method for producing a composite wood structure material, wherein the composite wood blocks are further assembled.
該荷重支持層の外側に配置される燃え止まり層と、
該燃え止まり層の外側に配置され所定の燃えしろ厚さを有する木材からなる燃えしろ層とを備えてなり、
かつ、前記燃え止まり層は、木材より熱容量が大きい高熱容量材、前記燃えしろ層を構成する木材より熱慣性を高くした木材等の異種材を有してなり、不燃材にしてかつ断熱性を有する断熱材等の異種材のみからなる複合木質構造材の製造方法であって、
木質板からなる単板と、木質板および異種材からなる単板とを集成することにより、前記異種材が前記燃え止まり層に配置されるように前記荷重支持層若しくは前記燃えしろ層の一部または全部を一体に構成する複合木質ブロックを形成し、当該複合木質ブロックを組み合わせることを特徴とする複合木質構造材の製造方法。 A load support layer made of wood sufficient to support long-term loads; and
A flame stop layer disposed outside the load bearing layer;
A burnout layer made of wood having a predetermined burnout thickness disposed outside the burnout layer,
In addition, the flame-stopping layer is made of a different material such as a high heat capacity material having a larger heat capacity than wood and wood having higher thermal inertia than the wood constituting the burn-off layer, making it a non-combustible material and providing heat insulation. A method for producing a composite wood structure material consisting only of different materials such as a heat insulating material,
A part of the load support layer or part of the burn-off layer so that the dissimilar material is arranged in the flame stop layer by assembling a veneer made of a wood plate and a veneer made of a wood plate and a dissimilar material Alternatively, a method for producing a composite wood structure material, characterized in that a composite wood block is formed which is formed as a whole, and the composite wood block is combined.
該荷重支持層の外側に配置され、木材より熱容量が大きい高熱容量材、不燃材にしてかつ断熱性を有する断熱材等の異種材と木材とが混在してなる燃え止まり層と、
該燃え止まり層の外側に配置され所定の燃えしろ厚さを有する木材からなる燃えしろ層とを備えてなる複合木質構造材の製造方法であって、
前記燃え止まり層は、当該燃え止まり層を構成する木材の幅寸法が前記複合木質構造材全体の幅寸法の２０％以上となるように構成することを特徴とする複合木質構造材の製造方法。 A load support layer made of wood sufficient to support long-term loads; and
A non-flammable layer, which is disposed outside the load support layer, and is made of a mixture of different materials such as a high heat capacity material having a larger heat capacity than wood, a non-combustible material and a heat insulating material, and wood;
A method for producing a composite wood structure material comprising a burnt layer made of wood having a predetermined burnout thickness disposed outside the burnout layer,
The method for producing a composite wood structure material, wherein the flame stop layer is configured such that a width dimension of wood constituting the flame stop layer is 20% or more of a width dimension of the entire composite wood structure material.
該荷重支持層の外側に配置される燃え止まり層と、
該燃え止まり層の外側に配置され所定の燃えしろ厚さを有する木材からなる燃えしろ層とを備えてなり、
かつ、前記燃え止まり層は、木材より熱容量が大きい高熱容量材、前記燃えしろ層を構成する木材より熱慣性を高くした木材等の異種材を有してなり、または不燃材にしてかつ断熱性を有する断熱材等の異種材のみからなる複合木質構造材の製造方法であって、
互いに接合される前記複合木質構造材の一方の接合端部に断面十字状等の所定の凹所を形成し、他方の接合端部に前記一方の接合端部の凹所と係合する断面十字部等の凸部を形成し、
前記凹所と前記凸部とを係合することを特徴とする複合木質構造材の接合方法。 A load support layer made of sufficient wood to support long-term loads; and
A flame stop layer disposed outside the load bearing layer;
A burnout layer made of wood having a predetermined burnout thickness disposed outside the burnout layer,
In addition, the flame stop layer has a high heat capacity material having a heat capacity larger than that of wood, a dissimilar material such as wood having higher thermal inertia than the wood constituting the burn-off layer, or a non-combustible material and has a heat insulating property. A method for producing a composite wood structure material consisting only of different materials such as a heat insulating material,
A cross-shaped cross in which a predetermined recess, such as a cross-shaped cross, is formed at one joint end of the composite wood structure material to be joined to each other, and the other joint end is engaged with the recess at the one joint end. Forming convex parts such as
A method for joining composite wood structure materials, wherein the recess and the projection are engaged.
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| JP2008014036A (en) * | 2006-07-06 | 2008-01-24 | Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd | Joint structure of column and beam, and method of joining column and beam |
| JP2008031743A (en) * | 2006-07-28 | 2008-02-14 | Tokyo Univ Of Agriculture & Technology | Fire-resistant glued laminated timber |
| JP2008291478A (en) * | 2007-05-23 | 2008-12-04 | Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd | Structural member and building |
| JP2012136939A (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2012-07-19 | Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd | Structural material and building |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008014036A (en) * | 2006-07-06 | 2008-01-24 | Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd | Joint structure of column and beam, and method of joining column and beam |
| JP2008031743A (en) * | 2006-07-28 | 2008-02-14 | Tokyo Univ Of Agriculture & Technology | Fire-resistant glued laminated timber |
| JP2008291478A (en) * | 2007-05-23 | 2008-12-04 | Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd | Structural member and building |
| JP2012246609A (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2012-12-13 | Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd | Column joint structure |
| JP2012136939A (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2012-07-19 | Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd | Structural material and building |
| JP2014087980A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2014-05-15 | Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd | Method of manufacturing laminate lumber |
| JP2014091969A (en) * | 2012-11-05 | 2014-05-19 | Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd | Beam structure |
| JP2015034437A (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2015-02-19 | 株式会社竹中工務店 | Fire-resistant woody member |
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| JP2018012958A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2018-01-25 | 株式会社竹中工務店 | Structural member |
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