JP2005048412A - Wave dissipating block - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a wave dissipating block which is constructed so as to be effective at dissipating wave force, and fitted for retaining and regenerating a good fishery environment and a good ecosystem. <P>SOLUTION: The wave dissipating blocks each have a concrete square column shape or a similar shape, and when they are compactly arranged lengthwise and crosswise, a vertical hole is defined at the center of a group of the arranged blocks. The arranged blocks each have horizontal notches in both side surfaces thereof so as to be diagonally opposed to the other notch formed in the adjacent block, whereby a tunnel sequentially communicating with the vertical hole defined by the arranged blocks diagonally faces a shore. Further each block has a plurality of seat legs protruded from a lower surface of the square column on the periphery of the same. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a wave-dissipating block disposed near the shore in a coast, a harbor, a river, or the like.

  In coasts, harbors, rivers, etc., waves that come from the open sea are shielded and a water breakwater is set up for the purpose of maintaining a calm water surface, but on the other hand, the exchange of water in the separated inner water area is hindered, It often causes water quality deterioration.

  The deterioration of the water quality environment due to the inhibition of water distribution to the open sea directly affects the ecosystem, and in particular, the construction site of the water breakwater is mainly in shallow water, and marine animals and plants including useful seafood. This is a fundamental area for the production of aquatic products such as egg laying, epiphysis, and juvenile growth.

  Therefore, a breakwater is required to have a structure that improves the wave environment and does not impede the flow of water. Conventionally, various porous wall type breakwaters constructed mainly using deformed blocks have been devised. The dam body internal gaps formed by the arrangement of these irregular blocks were complicatedly interlaced and narrow, so that water was likely to accumulate.

  Further, the gap in the levee body is not suitable for the growth of seafood and algae and microorganisms having a function of purifying water, because sunlight is difficult to reach and is dark.

  Japan's fishery production has started to decrease since around 1985, and currently only supplies 53% of the consumption of fishery products (FY2000), and the rest depends on imports. ing. In order to respond to such a current situation, the Fisheries Agency stated in the “Fisheries Basic Plan” prepared in March 2002 under the principles of “Stable supply of fishery products to the public” and “Sound development of fisheries”. The target for self-sufficiency of fishery products for the fiscal year was 65% (edible), and guidelines for promoting measures to achieve this target were presented. This includes the “Long-Term Fish Farm Improvement Plan” and “Actively Conserving and Creating Fish Fields as a Living Environment for Aquatic Animals and Plants”. As for wave-breaking blocks, good fishery environment and ecosystem conservation (improvement of water quality, maintenance and conservation of algae ponds, regeneration) can be seen in the policy outline. In addition, the establishment of fish reefs, creation of aquaculture farms, coastal fish There are board maintenance plans such as site maintenance. This is considered an appropriate policy from the above situation.

  In view of such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a breakwater block suitable for the conservation and regeneration of a good fishery environment and ecosystem in a structure effective for canceling the power of waves. .

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a concrete block having a prismatic shape or a shape close to a vertical column so that a vertical hole is formed at the center of an array group in a vertically and horizontally packed array, and sequentially faces the vertical holes in the array. So that a continuous tunnel can be formed obliquely toward the shore, lateral notches are provided on both sides opposite to each other diagonally, a concave portion is formed on the upper surface of the above prismatic shape, and a plurality of seats are formed around the lower surface. A wave-dissipating block B characterized by protruding feet was constructed.

  In the above arrangement of wave-dissipating blocks (construction of wave-dissipating), tunnels are formed diagonally, so that ordinary waves that go straight to the shore are not proportional to the diagonal distance, but the waves (water currents) are weakened in inverse proportion. The force is lost due to the resistance to penetrate through the tunnel and the water flow from the tunnel to the vertical hole. That is, the water pressure is removed at the vertical hole. However, since the lower end of the vertical hole is quiet, it becomes an evacuation area for seafood, and can also sink underneath between seat legs.

  When the waves are quiet, tunnels and vertical holes become safe places for fish and shellfish (fish reefs). In addition, since the tunnel has a moderate width and is in full communication, seafood can move freely according to the sea conditions and life history. In addition, since sunlight enters through the vertical holes, the action of useful microorganisms can provide a water purification action and promote the growth of algae. Furthermore, since the shock of the waves is mitigated inside the concave portion on the upper surface, especially the young shellfish such as tuna and abalone that prefer the holes and shades can be established and can be expected to grow quickly.

  Further, according to the present invention, separately, a convex part that fits in a recess formed by being surrounded by a seat leg formed by protruding around the prismatic lower surface of the wave-dissipating block B is formed on the upper surface of the prismatic shape. A wave-dissipating block C is formed.

  As a result, the wave-dissipating block C can be stacked in the upper stage so that the wave-dissipating block C is in the lower stage and the upper surface convex part and the lower-surface recess of the wave-dissipating block B are fitted together. The erase block C can also be multi-staged and can respond appropriately to the depth of the sea.

  In addition, the opening shape of the said horizontal notch part can respond | correspond to the condition of various shorelines by employ | adopting appropriate polygonal shape and circular arc shape.

  As described above, according to the wave-dissipating block of the present invention, not only a tunnel is formed obliquely in the construction of wave-dissipating elements arranged vertically and horizontally, but a vertical hole through which the tunnel passes upward is generated. In addition, the environment as a fish reef suitable for evacuation and habitat of seafood is obtained, and because it is suitable for reaching the inside of sunlight, it can be expected to purify water and grow algae It has an excellent effect that it is suitable for the conservation and regeneration of fishery environments and ecosystems.

  In particular, when constructed as in claim 2, the tunnel becomes non-straight due to alternate slopes of the lateral notches, so that the above effect becomes more remarkable.

  1 to 9 show an embodiment, and the wave-dissipating block B has a large angle between each of the front and rear side surfaces 1, 1 and the left and right side surfaces 1, 1, In addition to 1,1,1, the square surfaces 2,2,2,2 are added to form an octagonal prismatic shape, but the sides are retracted into the two-sided square surfaces 2,2. 4 and 4 are formed, and the lower end surface is provided with seating feet 5, 5, 5 and 5 at four equilateral orientations from the center, and the lower surface side in the center surrounded by the seating feet 5, 5, 5 and 5 A recess 14 is formed. Moreover, several upper surface side recessed parts 7, 7, 7, 7 are provided in the upper surface. A chamfer 9 is formed at the edge angle.

  Since it is an octagon, as shown in FIG. 6 to FIG. 9, when the wave-dissipating structure is formed by arranging the side surfaces 1 and 1 vertically and horizontally and arranging them, , B, B, B (array group), a vertical hole 10 surrounded by the square surfaces 2, 2, 2, 2 is formed. Further, since the horizontal notches 4 and 4 are disconnected in parallel with the corner surfaces 2 and 2, an oblique tunnel 11 in which the lateral notches 4, 4,... Are continuous (45 degrees toward the shore 12) is generated. (FIG. 9).

  The horizontal notches 4, 4 have slopes 4 a, 4 b so that the opening side widens up and down, and the depth of the notch (about the notch) is from the square surface 2 to the both side surfaces 1, 1. It is formed in a recess that spans the entire width. When the wave-dissipating block B is arranged vertically and horizontally, the lateral notch 4 is opened at the end face of the array (see FIGS. 1 and 9), and the oblique notch 4 is obliquely formed between the adjacent blocks B as described above. , 4,... Are continuously formed (FIG. 9). As can be seen from FIG. 1, the tunnel 11 has a complex structure in which the slopes 4a and 4a and the slopes 4b and 4b alternate. A simple spatial structure.

  Therefore, when a wave (arrow Wa) hits the shore 12 (see FIG. 6), the tunnel 11 is obliquely exited (arrow Wb), so that the wave becomes weaker as the distance becomes longer than when going straight. Of course, the waves reaching the shore 12 are very weakened due to step failures and resistance associated with the alternating gradients of the slopes 4a and 4b, and the pressure relief that the waves from the vertical holes 10 blow up. Further, when the ocean current (Wc) is from the side of the tunnel 11 (FIG. 7), the wave (Wd) tends to enter the shore 12 and the ocean current (We) is in a direction to escape from the tunnel 11 ( 8) Seawater (Wf) near the shore 12 is easy to draw. Therefore, it is suitable for water purification promotion and does not collect garbage.

  Moreover, even if a wave strikes in the tunnel 11, since the bottom of the vertical hole 10 is relatively quiet, it is possible to wait for the fish to evacuate and the wave to settle there. Also, when the waves are quiet and return to the tunnel 11, the fish is safe and can be used as a living place because it is not straight but complicated.

  The four seat legs 5, 5, 5, and 5 are formed by providing a cross-shaped groove 15 on the bottom surface (FIG. 5) and a wide recess 14 at the center. FIG. 2 shows a state in which the wave-dissipating block B is arranged on a foundation 17 made of cobblestone or rock. In this case, even if the top of the foundation 17 is uneven, the foot 5 Fulfills the function of sitting stably. In particular, when placed on such a strong foundation 17 so as not to sink, seafood enters from the opening of the groove 15 and the central recess 14 can be made an extremely safe living place.

  The shape and arrangement of the recesses 7 provided on the upper surface need not be special, but in the case of this embodiment, they are elongated in parallel with the tunnel 11. Therefore, when depositing and growing juveniles of useful seafood such as turban shell, abalone, and sea urchins here, it is easy to avoid a direct hit of the wave because it is oblique, and it can be firmly established in the growth.

  FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 show another embodiment, and a hanger 21 projects from the recess 7 so that the wave-dissipating block B can be easily placed or removed by a machine. Further, in the arrangement of FIG. 10, adjacent wave-dissipating blocks B and B are connected by a connecting member 19. It is desirable that the arrangement of the wave-dissipating blocks B be kept uniform with the height set at the beginning, but if there is erosion of the sea floor due to waves, a difference in height will occur. This is to prevent this. In this case, the wave-dissipating block B is provided with a notch for fitting the connecting member 19 into each side surface 1. Further, a reinforcing bar is used for the hanger 21 and its upper end inversion portion protrudes into the recess 7, and this also protects the seafood infants and eggs from the deposition.

  FIGS. 12 and 13 show still another embodiment. In the above embodiment, the case where the opening shape of the lateral notch portion 4 is a square shape (trapezoidal shape) is shown. The opening shape of 4 is not limited to the above embodiment, but may be other polygonal shapes (the example of FIG. 12 is triangular), or the opening shape is round as shown in FIG. It may be arcuate. In short, the shape of the opening of the lateral notch 4 is not limited as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved.

  On the other hand, FIG. 14 shows an embodiment of another wave elimination block C of the present invention. In FIG. 14, 30 is a convex part provided in the center part of the upper surface of prismatic shape (in this example, octagonal prism shape). The upper surface convex portion 30 has four seat legs 5, 5, 5, 5 provided on the lower surface of the wave-dissipating block B of the above-described embodiment (recesses 7, 7, 7, 7 are formed on the upper surface). Is formed in a shape (size, etc.) and position that fits into a recess 14 at the center of the lower surface formed by being surrounded by.

  As a result, the upper surface convex portion 30 of the wave-dissipating block C configured as described above is fitted in the lower surface recess 14 of the wave-dissipating block B of the previous embodiment, that is, the wave-dissipating block C in the lower stage and the upper part in the upper stage. A so-called two-stage wave-dissipating block of wave-dissipating blocks B can be formed (FIG. 15).

  The bottom structure of the wave-dissipating block C is the same as that of the wave-dissipating block B described above. Therefore, the wave-dissipating block C can be used in multiple stages, and further, wave-dissipating blocks stacked in multiple stages can be provided.

It is perspective explanatory drawing which shows the wave-dissipating block B by one Embodiment of this invention in use condition. It is explanatory drawing which looked at the arrangement | sequence state of the same wave cancellation block from the side surface. It is a perspective view of the wave canceling block. It is a top view of the wave canceling block. It is a bottom view of the wave canceling block. It is a top view of the seaside for demonstrating a wave eliminating function in use of the wave eliminating block. It is a top view of the seaside for demonstrating that the approach of the seawater by a tidal current is accelerated | stimulated in use of the same wave extinction block. It is a top view of the seaside for demonstrating pulling of the seawater by reverse tidal current in use of the same wave extinction block. It is sectional drawing which looked at the arrangement | sequence of the wave-dissipating block in FIG.6, FIG.7, FIG.8 from the plane. It is a top view which shows the wave-dissipating block of other embodiment in an arrangement | sequence state. It is the side view which looked at the wave-dissipating block of other embodiment from the horizontal notch part side. It is the isometric view explanatory drawing which showed other embodiment of a horizontal notch part. It is the isometric view explanatory drawing which showed another embodiment of a horizontal notch part. It is the perspective view explaining the wave-dissipating block C by another embodiment of this invention. FIG. 3 is a perspective explanatory view showing the wave-dissipating blocks B and C stacked in two stages.

Explanation of symbols

B, C Wave-eliminating block 1 Side surface 2 Square surface 4 Horizontal notch 4a, 4b Slope 5 Seat foot 7 Upper surface recess 10 Vertical hole 11 Tunnel 14 Lower surface recess 15 Groove as opening between seat feet 30 Upper surface convex portion

Claims (6)

  It is a concrete block having a prismatic shape or a shape close to it so that a vertical hole is generated at the center of the array group in an array packed vertically and horizontally, and in the array, a continuous tunnel that sequentially faces the vertical hole may be formed obliquely toward the shore. As described above, a wave-dissipating block characterized in that a horizontal notch is provided on both sides opposite to each other diagonally, and a plurality of seating legs are provided around the lower surface of the prismatic shape.   The wave-dissipating block according to claim 1, wherein a concave portion is formed on an upper surface of the prismatic shape.   2. A convex part that fits in a recess formed by being surrounded by a plurality of seating legs protruding around the lower surface of the prismatic shape is formed on the upper surface of the prismatic shape. Wave block.   Corners between adjacent side surfaces of the front and rear side surfaces and the left and right side surfaces packed in the array are taken, and an octagonal prism block shape formed by the side surfaces and the corner surfaces thereof, and the side of the square surface that is the inner surface of the vertical hole in the array Retract to form the horizontal notch, and form the upper and lower surfaces of the horizontal notch on the slope so that the horizontal notch opens wide open toward the vertical hole. The wave canceling block according to claim 1, 2, or 3.   5. The wave block according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein the opening shape of the lateral notch is a polygonal shape. 5. A wave-dissipating block according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the opening shape of the lateral notch is an arc shape.

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