JP2005034954A - Cutting tool with oil hole and cutting method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To spray a cutting medium, in particular a mist or a minimal lubricant (MQL), correctly to a predetermined position and also enable a sufficient amount of cutting fluid to be applied. <P>SOLUTION: A cutting tool with oil holes of the invention includes a cutting edge (3a), an aperture (7d) for spraying the cutting medium, and oil holes (5, 6 and 7c) for supplying the externally supplied cutting medium to the aperture (7d). A hole formed on the aperture (7d) is directed frontward of a face of the cutting edge (3a) from a line connecting the aperture (7d) with the edge (3a). <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

The present invention relates to a cutting tool with an oil hole and a cutting method, and more particularly to a technique for applying a cutting fluid.

In recent years, as part of the improvement of environmental problems in machining, the amount of cutting fluid used has been reduced in so-called wet cutting using a cutting fluid. This not only improves the environmental problem, but also brings about an effect of reducing the cost of the cutting fluid. As a specific example of cutting fluid reduction, when using a general cutting fluid, there are examples of using a cutting medium called oil mist that is a mixture of a small amount of cutting fluid and high-pressure air, and special cases with high lubricity. There is an example of using a cutting medium called minimum amount lubrication (hereinafter referred to as MQL) that uses a very small amount of a cutting fluid. On the other hand, with such a reduction in cutting fluid, a technique for accurately applying the cutting fluid is desired in order to maximize the lubricating action and cooling action of the cutting fluid.

A tool illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 6 is an object of intensively applying a cutting fluid by spraying a cutting medium in a cutting tool. 4 is a front view of the cutting tool, FIG. 5 is a top view, and FIG. 6 is a left side view. As shown in these figures, the nozzle (7) is detachably attached to the cutting tool body (1) with the opening (7d) of the injection hole (7c) facing the cutting edge of the cutting edge (3a). The cutting tool body (1) has an oil hole (5) through which cutting media such as cutting fluid, oil mist, and cold air supplied from the outside are circulated to the injection hole (7c) of the nozzle (7). Is formed. The oil hole (5) has the same inner diameter over its entire length, and a plurality of linear portions (5a to 5e) whose axis lines (O) intersect with each other, and curved portions (5ab to 5de) that smoothly connect the end portions to each other. ). With such a configuration, the flow of the cutting medium in the oil hole (5) becomes smooth, and turbulence and pressure loss can be suppressed. (For example, see Patent Document 1)

Moreover, the front milling machine provided with the internal oil supply mechanism is shown in FIGS. As shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, this front milling machine has a tool body (1), a tip (3), and a branch hole (6 for distributing a cutting medium provided in a central attachment hole or an attachment end face. And the branch hole (6) has an opening (6d) in the front part of the tool body that is closer to the center side than the tip (3) and recessed from the front side of the tip (3). Yes. Further, a nozzle (7) capable of adjusting the injection direction as shown in FIG. 9 is attached to the opening (6d), and an injection hole (7c) forming the opening (7d) of the nozzle (7). ) Is inclined outwardly on the tip (3) side with respect to the axis (O) of the tool body (1). By attaching the nozzle (7) capable of changing the ejection direction to the opening (7d) in this way, the front milling cutter can freely adjust the direction and angle of the ejection hole (7c). When mainly cooling the chip and scattering chips, turn it toward the edge of the cutting edge, and when facing mainly the removal of chips and scattered chips, turn it slightly downward. It can be adjusted and changed. Furthermore, chips are wound on the bottom surface of the front milling cutter by alternately providing them or by providing a ring-shaped groove circumferentially with a width including the nozzle (7) and the opening (7d). By combining so that there is no, effective cutting can be performed. That is, the chip treatment can be performed completely in the range of 360 degrees and the entire bottom surface of the face mill. (For example, see Patent Document 2)
JP 11-291101 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 08-290318

However, in the above-described conventional tool, the oil hole (5) provided inside the tool is partly formed by precision casting, so there are problems such as restrictions on the shape of the oil hole (5) and an increase in cost. Further, if the nozzle (7) is formed at a position close to the cutting edge (3a) in order to inject the cutting medium toward the cutting edge (3a), the chip discharge may be hindered. was there. Even if the chip discharge is not obstructed, there is a problem that the cutting medium is blocked by the chip and is not sufficiently supplied to the cutting edge (3a). In order to avoid this, if the nozzle (7) is moved away from the cutting edge (3a), there is a problem that the cutting fluid is not sufficiently applied to the cutting edge (3a) because the cutting medium diffuses. Further, when a member for fixing the cutting edge (3a) to the tool body (1) is provided on the rake face of the cutting edge (3a), the installation position of the nozzle (7) and the nozzle (7) The direction in which the injection hole (7c) that forms the opening (7d) faces may be restricted.

Further, even in the conventional face milling, when the nozzle (7) is provided at a position close to the cutting edge (3a) and the cutting medium is sprayed toward the cutting edge (3a), it is the same as the above-described cutting tool. There was a problem. Furthermore, since the tool rotates, even if the injection hole (7c) of the nozzle (7) is directed to the cutting edge (3a), the cutting medium is rapidly injected by the air resistance after being injected from the nozzle (7). However, the spraying speed is lowered, and it flows to the rear side in the rotation direction (K) of the front milling cutter from the position of the cutting edge (3a).

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to cut with an oil hole capable of accurately injecting a cutting medium, particularly a mist or MQL, into a predetermined position and applying a sufficient amount of cutting fluid. A tool and a cutting method using the tool are provided.

In order to solve the above problems and achieve such an object, a cutting tool with an oil hole according to the present invention is supplied from a cutting edge, an opening for injecting a cutting medium, and the outside. In a cutting tool with an oil hole provided with an oil hole for supplying the cutting medium to the opening, the hole forming the opening is more than the straight line connecting the opening and the cutting edge. The cutting edge is directed to the front side of the rake face.

Further, the cutting method according to the present invention is a cutting method using a cutting medium, wherein the cutting medium is sprayed onto a work surface of a work material and is cut by a cutting edge portion of a cutting tool. It is characterized by being injected toward the immediately preceding position.

According to the above-described invention, the hole for forming the opening is directed forward from the rake face of the cutting edge as in the above-described configuration, and the cutting medium sprayed from the opening is processed by the work material. It is applied to a range (hereinafter referred to as a cutting point) centered on a position immediately before being cut by the cutting edge portion of the surface. Then, since the opening does not have to be close to the cutting edge, the degree of freedom in designing the position of the opening and the direction of the hole forming the opening increases, and a fixing member near the cutting edge or Interference with chips can be avoided. Furthermore, along with the degree of freedom of design described above, a smooth flow path of the cutting medium with few inflection points can be formed, and the turbulent flow of the cutting medium, the decrease in the flow velocity, and the loss of the cutting fluid are suppressed. Therefore, the cutting medium can be accurately and sufficiently applied to the cutting point.

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 are a front view and a side view of a boring cutter according to this embodiment, respectively. 3A and 3B are cross-sectional views taken along line AA in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a shank portion (1 a) is formed at the base end portion of the substantially cylindrical tool body (1) to be gripped by a main shaft (not shown) of a machine tool. At least one cutting edge (3a) is provided at the tip opposite to this. This cutting edge part (3a) is attached to the tool body (1) via the cartridge (2). A cartridge mounting groove (2a) is formed on the outer periphery of the tip of the tool body (1) along the axis (O), and the cartridge (2) is, for example, a bolt (2b) in the cartridge mounting groove (2a). It is fixed by a fixed member. A tip seat is recessed in the side wall of the tip of the cartridge (2) facing the rotation direction (K) of the boring cutter, and the tip (3) is inserted into the tip seat, for example, a countersunk screw (4) or a holding piece. It is fixed by a fixing member. In the cartridge (2), a counterbore hole through which the bolt (2b) is inserted has a long hole shape in the axis (O) direction and is movable in the above direction. And the said cutting edge part (3a) can adjust the position of the said direction relative to a tool main body (1), or the position of a cutting blade part (3a) mutual. In the tool body (1), a chip pocket (8) is formed on the front side of the rake face of the cutting edge portion (3a) so as to continue to the cartridge mounting groove (2a).

In the vicinity of the axis (O) of the tool body (1), an oil hole (5) opens at the end face of the shank portion (1a) and is formed along the axis (O). A branch hole (6) serving as an oil hole communicating with the oil hole from the tip of the oil hole (5) is provided, and the branch hole (6) extends outward in the radial direction of the tool body (1). Opened to the outer peripheral surface of the tool body (1). A nozzle (7) as shown in FIG. 3 (a) is attached to the opening (6d). This nozzle (7) is comprised by the flange part (7a) and the axial part (7b), and the injection hole (7c) used as the oil hole which penetrates the said flange part (7a) and the axial part (7b) is provided. ing. The nozzle (7) is fixed, for example, by its shaft portion (7b) being detachably screwed into the opening (6d) of the branch hole (6) or by being forcibly driven. Yes. Or as shown in FIG.3 (b), the axial part (7b) of a nozzle (7) was fixed with the fixing member like a screw (9) from the substantially right angle direction, and what is called a side lock type fixed form. In this case, the nozzle (7) can be attached, detached, rotated, and advanced and retracted. The injection hole (7c) communicates with the branch hole (6), and the cutting medium supplied from the main spindle of the machine tool is an oil hole (5), branch hole (6) of the tool body (1). The nozzles (7) flow in the order of injection holes (7c), and are injected from the opening (7d) of the nozzle (7) toward the outside of the tool body (1). In addition, when the outer diameter of the tool body (1) is small and the length of the branch hole (6) is short, a simple configuration in which the nozzle (7) is not mounted may be used. In that case, the branch hole (6) also serves as the injection hole. Regardless of whether or not the nozzle (7) is used, the diameter of the injection hole (7c) is preferably equal to or smaller than the diameter of the flow path upstream of the injection hole (7c).

Here, the injection hole (7c) of the nozzle (7) is the tool body (on the rake face front side of the cutting edge (3a) with respect to the straight line connecting the cutting edge (3a) and the axis (O). 1) Open to the outer periphery. The direction in which the injection hole (7c) faces is, in the rotational direction (K), α = 15 ° to the front side of the rake face of the cutting edge (3a) with respect to the straight line with the axis (O) as the center. It is preferably oriented in a direction that makes an angle of 90 °. The angle α is set to 15 ° to 90 ° because if the α is less than 15 °, the branch hole (6) may interfere with the fixing member of the cartridge (2) or the chip (3). (2) When the branch hole (6) is machined in the fixing member or the like of the chip (3), the machining cost of the branch hole (6) increases, and the cutting medium by connecting the plurality of branch holes (6) This is because the distribution path is complicated, the turbulent flow of the cutting medium, the flow velocity is lowered, and the cutting fluid is lost. Moreover, if the α exceeds 90 °, the applied cutting fluid may be evaporated by the heat of the work material until reaching the cutting point. On the other hand, in the direction of the axis (O), when the feed amount per rotation of the cutting tool is f (mm / rev), the injection hole (7c) is based on the cutting edge (3a) (f / 360) It is preferably directed to the tip side by not less than the amount obtained by xα and not more than 5 times the above amount. Then, the cutting medium is jetted toward the cutting point in the axis (O) direction. The reason why the direction of the injection hole (7c) in the axis (O) direction is not less than the amount (f / 360) × α and not more than 5 times the amount is that it is less than the above amount or more than 5 times the amount. This is because when the cutting fluid is concentrated and applied to the cutting point, the cutting fluid may not be applied over the entire cutting region.

The opening of the injection hole (7c) is preferably provided so that the distance from the work hole inner peripheral surface of the work material is 1 mm to 5 mm. If it does so, spreading | diffusion of the injected cutting medium can be suppressed, and it can concentrate on a desired position and can apply | coat a cutting fluid. The reason why the distance is set to 1 mm to 5 mm is that if the distance is smaller than 1 mm, the coating range of the cutting fluid may be too narrow, and if it exceeds 5 mm, the cutting medium diffuses and the above-described sufficient coating effect is obtained. Because it is not possible. Moreover, it is preferable that the diameter of the said injection hole (7c) is made below into the diameter of the flow path upstream from this injection hole (7c). Specifically, the diameter of the injection hole (7c) is preferably 0.05 mm or more and 1 mm or less. Then, the cutting medium to be sprayed increases the spraying speed and at the same time the pressure decreases and the particle size of the cutting fluid increases, so that the diffusion of the cutting medium is suppressed and the cutting fluid is more accurately and accurately placed at a desired position. Can be applied sufficiently. This is because if the diameter is less than 0.05 mm, drilling with a drill or the like is difficult and the processing cost may increase, and if the diameter is 1.0 mm or more, the above-described effects are hardly obtained. In the rotary tool such as the boring cutter of this embodiment, as described above, the cutting medium sprayed from the spray hole (7c) has a high spray speed, and the distance from the opening of the spray hole (7c) to the position to be coated. Therefore, the cutting medium is prevented from flowing to the rear side in the rotational direction (K) of the boring cutter from the position where the cutting fluid is to be applied, and the accuracy of the position where the cutting fluid is applied is improved.

As described above, according to the boring cutter of this embodiment, the injection hole (7c) of the nozzle (7) is provided on the front side of the rake face with respect to the cutting edge (3a), and the chip pocket (8). Therefore, the chips generated from the cutting edge (3a) are not hindered. On the contrary, the cutting medium is not blocked by the chips. Further, the position at which the injection hole (7c) is opened is not restricted by the installation position of the member that fixes the cartridge (2) or the chip (3), and the injection hole (7c) has a cutting edge (3a). Since the cutting medium is not blocked by the cartridge (2) or the member, the cutting medium can be accurately and concentratedly injected at the cutting point. Furthermore, since it is not necessary to connect a large number of straight branch holes (6) in order to direct the injection hole (7c) in the direction of the cutting edge (3a), the flow path of the cutting medium inside the boring cutter is simple and The flow path can be easily processed, the flow of the cutting medium in the flow path is smooth, the turbulent flow of high-pressure air at the inflection point of the flow path, the decrease in flow velocity, and the loss of cutting fluid Is suppressed.

If the nozzle (7) is screwed onto the tool body (1), the nozzle (7) having a different diameter or orientation of the injection hole (7c) can be used by being exchanged, and the injection speed of the cutting medium to be injected It becomes easy to change the injection direction. Further, if the so-called side lock type fixing form in which the shaft portion (7b) of the nozzle (7) is fixed with a screw (9) from a substantially right angle direction, in addition to the above-described effects, the nozzle (7) can be advanced and retracted. This can be easily performed, and the adjustment of the distance between the opening (7d) of the nozzle (7) and the position where the cutting fluid is applied becomes easy.

The cutting tool according to the present invention is not limited to the boring cutter as in the above-described embodiment, and is fed mainly in the axis (O) direction of the cutting tool, such as a boring tool that is fixed and does not rotate. Can also be applied to a boring cutting tool that performs a cutting process by applying a cutting force. Further, for example, a direction that mainly intersects the axis (O) of the cutting tool, such as a face mill, an end mill, and a side cutter. The present invention can also be applied to a rotary cutting tool that performs a cutting process by supplying a feed.

The configuration of the cutting edge (3a) is not limited to that using a detachable tip (3), for example, a hard material such as cemented carbide brazed to the tool body (1) or cartridge (2). However, various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

It is a front view of a boring cutter of an embodiment concerning the present invention. It is a side view of the boring cutter shown in FIG. It is AA sectional drawing in FIG. It is a front view of the conventional bite holder provided with the internal oil supply mechanism. FIG. 5 is a top view of the tool holder shown in FIG. 4. FIG. 5 is a left side view of the tool holder shown in FIG. 4. It is sectional drawing of the conventional front milling machine provided with the internal oil supply mechanism. It is a bottom view of the front milling machine shown in FIG. (A) is sectional drawing of the nozzle used for the face milling shown in FIG. FIG. 10B is a right side view of the nozzle shown in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Tool body 1a Shank part 2 Cartridge 2a Cartridge mounting groove 2b Bolt 2c Fine adjustment screw 3 Tip 3a Cutting edge part 4 Countersunk screw 5 Oil hole 6 Branch hole 6d Opening part 7 Nozzle 7a Flange part 7b Shaft part 7c Injection hole 7d Opening part 8 Chip pocket 9 Screw

Claims (7)

In the cutting tool with an oil hole, comprising: a cutting edge portion; an opening portion for injecting a cutting medium; and an oil hole for supplying the cutting medium supplied from the outside to the opening portion. A cutting tool with an oil hole, wherein the hole forming the portion is directed to the front side of the rake face of the cutting edge portion rather than the straight line connecting the opening and the cutting edge portion. The cutting tool with an oil hole is a boring processing cutting tool that performs cutting by mainly feeding in the axis (O) direction of the cutting tool, and the hole forming the opening is formed in the cutting tool. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is oriented in a direction that forms an angle of 15 ° to 90 ° to the front side of the rake face of the cutting edge with respect to a straight line connecting the axis (O) and the cutting edge. Cutting tool with oil hole. The cutting tool with an oil hole is a rotary cutting tool that performs cutting by feeding mainly in a direction crossing the axis (O) of the cutting tool, and the hole that forms the opening is formed in the cutting tool. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is oriented in a direction that forms an angle of 15 ° to 90 ° to the front side of the rake face of the cutting edge with respect to a straight line connecting the axis (O) and the cutting edge. Cutting tool with oil hole. A nozzle is attached to the opening, and an opening for injecting a cutting medium is provided in the nozzle, and the diameter of the opening is 0.05 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less. 4. The cutting tool with an oil hole according to any one of 3 above. In the cutting method using the cutting medium, the cutting medium is sprayed to a work surface of a work material and is sprayed toward a position immediately before being cut by a cutting edge portion of a cutting tool. A cutting method characterized. 6. The cutting method according to claim 5, wherein the cutting medium is a boring method in which cutting is performed by feeding in the axis (O) direction of the cutting tool, and the cutting medium is injected with the cutting medium. A cutting method characterized by being sprayed in a direction that forms an angle of 15 ° to 90 ° forward of the cutting direction with respect to a straight line connecting the position and the cutting edge portion with the position of the opening as a center. . 6. The cutting method according to claim 5, wherein the cutting tool rotates and is fed in a direction parallel to or intersecting with the axis (O) of the cutting tool, and the cutting medium is the cutting medium. Cutting characterized by being sprayed in a direction that forms an angle of 15 ° to 90 ° forward of the cutting direction with respect to a straight line connecting the axis (O) and the cutting edge portion with the axis (O) as a center. Processing method.

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