JP2005030913A - Biochip - Google Patents
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- JP2005030913A JP2005030913A JP2003196274A JP2003196274A JP2005030913A JP 2005030913 A JP2005030913 A JP 2005030913A JP 2003196274 A JP2003196274 A JP 2003196274A JP 2003196274 A JP2003196274 A JP 2003196274A JP 2005030913 A JP2005030913 A JP 2005030913A
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Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、生体試料中の多数の蛋白質、核酸等の並列検出および分析に用いられるバイオチップに関する。より詳細には、本発明は、プロテオミクス、ならびに遺伝子活性の細胞内蛋白質レベルでの測定に用いられるバイオチップに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
遺伝子活性の評価や疾患プロセス、薬物効果の生物学的プロセスを含む生物学的プロセスを解読するための試みは、伝統的に、ゲノミクスに焦点が当てられてきたが、プロテオミクスは、細胞の生物学的機能についてより詳細な情報を提供する。プロテオミクスは、遺伝子レベルというよりもむしろ、蛋白質レベルでの発現を検出しそして定量することによる、遺伝子活性の定性的かつ定量的な測定を含む。また、蛋白質の翻訳後修飾、蛋白質間の相互作用など遺伝子にコードされない事象の研究を含む。
膨大なゲノム情報の入手が可能となった今日、プロテオミクス研究はますます迅速高効率(ハイスループット)化が求められている。この目的の分子アレイとしてDNAチップが実用化されてきた。一方、生体機能において最も複雑で多様性の高い蛋白質の検出に関してはプロテインチップが提唱され、最近研究が進められている。プロテインチップとは、蛋白質、またはそれを捕捉する分子をチップ(微小な基板)表面に固定化したものを総称する。
しかし、現状のプロテインチップは一般にDNAチップの延長線上に位置付けられて開発がなされている為、ガラス基板上に蛋白質、またはそれを捕捉する分子をチップ表面に固定化する検討がなされている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
蛋白質を捕捉する分子(以下、捕捉分子と略す)を基板上に固定化した後、例えばサンドイッチ法のように該表面上で他の蛋白質(抗原抗体反応の場合、抗原に相当)と反応させ、更に、標識された蛋白質を反応させ最終的に検出機等で検出する場合、捕捉分子が固定されていない部分に該分子以外の蛋白質、即ち、抗原や標識された蛋白質が固定されると検出時、ノイズとなり正しい評価ができなくなる。
【0003】
【特許文献1】特開2001−116750号公報
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、蛋白質、またはそれを捕捉する分子等の生理活性物質を基板表面に固定化したバイオチップにおいて、生理活性物質が固定されていない基板表面部分にポリペプチド等を導入することにより高感度でハイスループットな生理活性物質の検出を可能にするバイオチップを提供することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、
(1)基板の表面に生理活性物質が固定されており、該生理活性物質との相互作用により蛋白質を捕捉し、その捕捉量の情報及び被捕捉物質の種類を検出するバイオチップであって、生理活性物質が固定されていない部分にポリペプチド又はホスホリルコリン基を有する高分子が導入されていることを特徴とするバイオチップ、
(2)表面に固定されている生理活性物質が核酸、抗体、擬似抗体、オリゴペプチド、脂質、糖質、細胞及びこれらの複合体よりなる群より選択された少なくとも1種である(1)項記載のバイオチップ、
(3)生理活性物質の固定およびポリペプチドの導入が、同種の官能基を介してなされる(1)又は(2)項記載のバイオチップ、
(4)官能基がアルデヒド基である(3)項記載のバイオチップ、
(5)ポリペプチドがスキムミルク、アルブミン、抗体、及び抗体のFc部分よりなる群より選択された少なくとも1種である(1)〜(4)項いずれか記載のバイオチップ、
(6)基板がプラスチックからなる(1)〜(5)項いずれか記載のバイオチップ、
(7)プラスチックがポリカーボネート、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、飽和環状ポリオレフィン、ポリペンテン、ポリアミド、及びそれらの共重合体よりなる群より選択された少なくとも1種である(6)項記載のバイオチップ、
である。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に使用するバイオチップは、固相基板表面の一部に生理活性物質が固定化され、該部分以外の表面にポリペプチド等が導入されていることを特徴とする。
本発明のバイオチップの作製工程は、基板作製工程、基板表面修飾工程、生理活性物質固定工程、及びポリペプチド導入工程を含む。
基板表面処理工程は省いても使用可能であるが、より強固に生理活性物質を固定化する為に用いる事が好ましい。
【0007】
(基板の素材)
バイオチップ用基板の素材は、通常ガラス、金属その他を用いることができるが、本発明に使用する基板の素材としては、表面処理の容易性、量産性の観点から、プラスチックを使用し、特に熱可塑性樹脂が好ましい。熱可塑性樹脂としては、蛍光発生量の少ないものが好ましい。たとえばポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリペンテン等の直鎖状ポリオレフィン、ポリカーボネート、ポリスチレン、ポリアミド、飽和環状ポリオレフィン、含フッ素樹脂等を用いることが好ましく、耐熱性、耐薬品性、低蛍光性、成形性に特に優れる飽和環状ポリオレフィンを用いることがより好ましい。ここで飽和環状ポリオレフィンとは、環状オレフィン構造を有する重合体単独または環状オレフィンとα−オレフィンとの共重合体を水素添加した飽和重合体等をさす。
【0008】
(基板の表面修飾)
本発明に使用する基板の表面修飾方法としては、種々の方法が用いられるが、アルデヒド基を導入すると生理活性物質が基板上で共有結合し、より強固に固定されるので該基を導入することが好ましい。アルデヒド基の導入方法として好適に用いられるのは、アミノ基導入の後に多官能性アルデヒドを反応させる方法である。アミノ基の導入手段としては、アミノ基含有シランカップリング剤による処理、窒素雰囲気下でのプラズマ処理、アミノ基含有高分子物質のコーティングなどが挙げられるが、処理の簡便性、均一性の観点から、アミノ基含有シランカップリング剤による処理が好ましい。多官能性アルデヒドとしてはグルタルアルデヒドが好ましい。
【0009】
(生理活性物質の固定化)
本発明に使用する生理活性物質は、アルデヒド基との反応性を高めるため、予めアミノ基を導入しておくことが好ましい。生理活性物質が核酸の場合は、アミノ基の導入位置は核酸の分子鎖末端あるいは側鎖であってもよいが、分子鎖末端に導入されていることが好ましい。蛋白質、ポリペプチドの場合は、アミノ基を具備している為、アミノ基導入の必要性はない。固定化は通常、生理活性物質を溶解した溶液を基板上に点着した後、適宜処理を施すことにより行う。
【0010】
(ポリペプチドの導入)
本発明に使用するポリペプチドはスキムミルク、アルブミン、抗体、及び抗体のFc部分よりなる群より選択された少なくとも1種であることが好ましい。これらの物質を純水或いはリン酸緩衝液で0.1〜10重量%に調製し、その溶液中に生理活性物質が固定化された基板を浸し、基板表面の官能基と1〜3時間反応させることにより行う。
【0011】
【実施例】
(実施例1、2)
飽和環状ポリオレフィン樹脂をスライドガラス形状(寸法:76mm×26mm×1mm)に加工した。表面に親水化処理を施したのち、アミノ基含有アルキルシランの2%水溶液中に浸漬後、熱処理を施して表面にアミノ基を導入した。これを1%グルタルアルデヒド水溶液中に浸漬することにより、表面のアミノ基とグルタルアルデヒドを反応させ、アルデヒド基を導入した。
次に該基板上でサンドイッチ法を実施した。詳細はまず、該基板に自動スポッターにより一次抗体、抗マウスIgG2aをスポット後、室温4℃の環境下に24時間静置した。その後、不特異吸着防止の為に表1に示した濃度になるように各ブロッキング剤を溶解させた9.6g/リットルのPBS緩衝溶液に該基板を浸し室温で2時間静置した。その後、抗原、マウス IgG2aと抗原抗体反応を実施後、二次抗体、ビオチン標識抗マウス IgG2aと抗原抗体反応を実施した。最後にCy5標識されたストレプトアビジンと反応させ、各スポットについて蛍光量測定を行い、その際のS/N比(Signal/noise ratio)を計算した。結果を表1に示す。
【0012】
(比較例)
ブロッキング剤を使用せずにそれ以外は実施例同様のサンドイッチ法を実施し蛍光量測定を行った。結果を表1に示す。
【0013】
実施例および比較例における蛍光量の測定には、Packard BioChip Technologies社製バイオチップスキャナー「ScanArray」を用いた。測定条件は、レーザー出力90%、PMT感度50%、励起波長649nm、測定波長670nm、解像度50μmであった。
実施例は、いずれも比較例よりも高いS/N比が得られた。即ち、高感度検出が実現できた。
【0014】
【表1】
【0015】
【発明の効果】
本発明のバイオチップによれば、生理活性物質が固定されていない基板表面部分にポリペプチド等を導入することにより高感度でハイスループットな生理活性物質の検出が可能になった。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a biochip used for parallel detection and analysis of a large number of proteins and nucleic acids in a biological sample. More specifically, the present invention relates to a biochip used for proteomics and measurement of gene activity at the intracellular protein level.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Attempts to decipher biological processes, including assessment of gene activity, disease processes, and biological processes of drug effects, have traditionally focused on genomics, but proteomics Provide more detailed information about functional functions. Proteomics involves the qualitative and quantitative measurement of gene activity by detecting and quantifying expression at the protein level, rather than at the gene level. It also includes studies of events that are not encoded by genes such as post-translational modifications of proteins and interactions between proteins.
Now that a large amount of genome information is available, proteomics research is required to be faster and more efficient (high throughput). A DNA chip has been put into practical use as a molecular array for this purpose. On the other hand, a protein chip has been proposed for the detection of the most complex and highly diverse proteins in biological functions, and research is being advanced recently. A protein chip is a generic term for a protein or a molecule that captures it immobilized on a chip (micro substrate) surface.
However, since current protein chips are generally developed on the extension line of a DNA chip, studies have been made to immobilize a protein or a molecule that captures the protein on a glass substrate on the surface of the chip (for example, , See Patent Document 1).
After immobilizing a protein-capturing molecule (hereinafter abbreviated as a capturing molecule) on a substrate, it is reacted with another protein (corresponding to an antigen in the case of an antigen-antibody reaction) on the surface, for example, as in the sandwich method. Furthermore, when a labeled protein is reacted and finally detected by a detector or the like, when a protein other than the molecule, that is, an antigen or a labeled protein is immobilized on a portion where the capture molecule is not immobilized, , It becomes noise and correct evaluation cannot be performed.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1] JP 2001-116750 A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to introduce a polypeptide or the like into a substrate surface portion where a physiologically active substance is not immobilized in a biochip in which a physiologically active substance such as a protein or a molecule that captures the protein is immobilized on the substrate surface. It is an object of the present invention to provide a biochip capable of detecting a physiologically active substance with high sensitivity and high throughput.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention
(1) A biochip in which a physiologically active substance is immobilized on the surface of a substrate, captures a protein by interaction with the physiologically active substance, and detects the amount of the captured amount and the type of the captured substance, A biochip characterized in that a polypeptide or a polymer having a phosphorylcholine group is introduced into a portion where a physiologically active substance is not fixed;
(2) The physiologically active substance immobilized on the surface is at least one selected from the group consisting of nucleic acids, antibodies, pseudo-antibodies, oligopeptides, lipids, carbohydrates, cells, and complexes thereof (1) Biochip as described,
(3) The biochip as set forth in (1) or (2), wherein the physiologically active substance is immobilized and the polypeptide is introduced through the same functional group.
(4) The biochip according to (3), wherein the functional group is an aldehyde group,
(5) The biochip according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the polypeptide is at least one selected from the group consisting of skim milk, albumin, an antibody, and an Fc part of the antibody.
(6) The biochip according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the substrate is made of plastic.
(7) The biochip according to (6), wherein the plastic is at least one selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, saturated cyclic polyolefin, polypentene, polyamide, and copolymers thereof,
It is.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The biochip used in the present invention is characterized in that a physiologically active substance is immobilized on a part of the surface of a solid phase substrate, and a polypeptide or the like is introduced on a surface other than the part.
The biochip production process of the present invention includes a substrate production process, a substrate surface modification process, a physiologically active substance immobilization process, and a polypeptide introduction process.
Although the substrate surface treatment step can be omitted, it can be used, but it is preferably used to immobilize the physiologically active substance more firmly.
[0007]
(Substrate material)
As the material for the substrate for biochip, glass, metal or the like can usually be used. However, as the material for the substrate used in the present invention, plastic is used from the viewpoint of ease of surface treatment and mass productivity. A plastic resin is preferred. As a thermoplastic resin, a thing with little fluorescence generation amount is preferable. For example, it is preferable to use linear polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polypentene, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyamide, saturated cyclic polyolefin, fluorine-containing resin, etc. It is more preferable to use a cyclic polyolefin. Here, the saturated cyclic polyolefin refers to a polymer having a cyclic olefin structure or a saturated polymer obtained by hydrogenating a copolymer of a cyclic olefin and an α-olefin.
[0008]
(Substrate surface modification)
Various methods can be used as a method for modifying the surface of a substrate used in the present invention. When an aldehyde group is introduced, a physiologically active substance is covalently bonded on the substrate and is more firmly fixed. Is preferred. As a method for introducing an aldehyde group, a method in which a polyfunctional aldehyde is reacted after introduction of an amino group is preferably used. Examples of amino group introduction means include treatment with an amino group-containing silane coupling agent, plasma treatment under a nitrogen atmosphere, and coating of an amino group-containing polymer substance. From the viewpoint of simplicity of treatment and uniformity. The treatment with an amino group-containing silane coupling agent is preferred. As the polyfunctional aldehyde, glutaraldehyde is preferable.
[0009]
(Immobilization of physiologically active substances)
The physiologically active substance used in the present invention is preferably preliminarily introduced with an amino group in order to increase the reactivity with the aldehyde group. When the physiologically active substance is a nucleic acid, the amino group may be introduced at the molecular chain end or side chain of the nucleic acid, but is preferably introduced at the molecular chain end. In the case of proteins and polypeptides, since amino groups are provided, it is not necessary to introduce amino groups. Immobilization is usually performed by applying a treatment appropriately after spotting a solution in which a physiologically active substance is dissolved on a substrate.
[0010]
(Introduction of polypeptide)
The polypeptide used in the present invention is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of skim milk, albumin, antibody, and Fc portion of the antibody. These substances are prepared to 0.1 to 10% by weight with pure water or phosphate buffer solution, and a substrate on which a physiologically active substance is immobilized is immersed in the solution, and reacted with a functional group on the substrate surface for 1 to 3 hours. To do.
[0011]
【Example】
(Examples 1 and 2)
The saturated cyclic polyolefin resin was processed into a slide glass shape (dimensions: 76 mm × 26 mm × 1 mm). After the surface was hydrophilized, it was immersed in a 2% aqueous solution of an amino group-containing alkylsilane and then heat treated to introduce amino groups on the surface. This was immersed in a 1% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution to react the surface amino groups with glutaraldehyde to introduce aldehyde groups.
Next, a sandwich method was performed on the substrate. For details, first, the primary antibody and anti-mouse IgG2a were spotted on the substrate by an automatic spotter, and then allowed to stand in an environment at room temperature of 4 ° C. for 24 hours. Thereafter, the substrate was immersed in a 9.6 g / liter PBS buffer solution in which each blocking agent was dissolved to a concentration shown in Table 1 to prevent nonspecific adsorption, and allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 hours. Thereafter, an antigen-antibody reaction was performed with the antigen, mouse IgG2a, and then an antigen-antibody reaction was performed with the secondary antibody, biotin-labeled anti-mouse IgG2a. Finally, it was reacted with Cy5-labeled streptavidin, the amount of fluorescence was measured for each spot, and the S / N ratio (Signal / noise ratio) at that time was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0012]
(Comparative example)
Without using a blocking agent, the same sandwich method as in the Examples was carried out, and the amount of fluorescence was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0013]
A biochip scanner “ScanArray” manufactured by Packard BioChip Technologies was used to measure the amount of fluorescence in Examples and Comparative Examples. The measurement conditions were laser output 90%, PMT sensitivity 50%, excitation wavelength 649 nm, measurement wavelength 670 nm, and resolution 50 μm.
In all examples, a higher S / N ratio was obtained than in the comparative example. That is, high sensitivity detection could be realized.
[0014]
[Table 1]
[0015]
【The invention's effect】
According to the biochip of the present invention, it is possible to detect a physiologically active substance with high sensitivity and high throughput by introducing a polypeptide or the like into the surface of the substrate on which the physiologically active substance is not immobilized.
Claims (7)
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Cited By (4)
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WO2006104260A1 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-05 | National University Corporation Nagoya University | Nucleic acid microarray, process for production of the same, and substrate for nucleic acid microarray |
WO2006123647A1 (en) * | 2005-05-17 | 2006-11-23 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd. | Method for detection of gene |
WO2015001971A1 (en) * | 2013-06-30 | 2015-01-08 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | Polycarbonate resin composition, and fluorescence detection/analysis substrate produced using polycarbonate resin composition |
CN114904595A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-16 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | Microarray chip based on gold nanorod-brush double-layer nanostructure substrate and preparation method thereof |
-
2003
- 2003-07-14 JP JP2003196274A patent/JP2005030913A/en active Pending
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2006104260A1 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-05 | National University Corporation Nagoya University | Nucleic acid microarray, process for production of the same, and substrate for nucleic acid microarray |
JP5238250B2 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2013-07-17 | 国立大学法人名古屋大学 | Nucleic acid microarray, method for producing the same, and substrate for nucleic acid microarray |
WO2006123647A1 (en) * | 2005-05-17 | 2006-11-23 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd. | Method for detection of gene |
US7968290B2 (en) | 2005-05-17 | 2011-06-28 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd. | Method of detecting gene |
WO2015001971A1 (en) * | 2013-06-30 | 2015-01-08 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | Polycarbonate resin composition, and fluorescence detection/analysis substrate produced using polycarbonate resin composition |
JPWO2015001971A1 (en) * | 2013-06-30 | 2017-02-23 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | Polycarbonate resin composition and fluorescent detection analysis substrate using the polycarbonate resin composition |
US9670315B2 (en) | 2013-06-30 | 2017-06-06 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | Polycarbonate resin composition, and fluorescence detection/analysis substrate produced using polycarbonate resin composition |
CN114904595A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-16 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | Microarray chip based on gold nanorod-brush double-layer nanostructure substrate and preparation method thereof |
CN114904595B (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2023-07-25 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | Substrate microarray chip based on gold nanorod-brush double-layer nanostructure and preparation method thereof |
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