JP2005013972A - Water cleaning apparatus - Google Patents

Water cleaning apparatus Download PDF

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JP2005013972A
JP2005013972A JP2003204112A JP2003204112A JP2005013972A JP 2005013972 A JP2005013972 A JP 2005013972A JP 2003204112 A JP2003204112 A JP 2003204112A JP 2003204112 A JP2003204112 A JP 2003204112A JP 2005013972 A JP2005013972 A JP 2005013972A
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Prior art keywords
water
reaction
harmful substances
filtration
adsorption
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JP2003204112A
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JP2005013972A5 (en
JP4422444B2 (en
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Junichi Iwamura
淳一 岩村
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Laboratory of Creative Science Co Ltd
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Laboratory of Creative Science Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water cleaning apparatus for obtaining secured water for domestic use by treating raw water contaminated particularly with inorganic harmful substances such as arsenic, lead, chromium, cadmium, mercury, etc. <P>SOLUTION: The toxicity of the harmful substances in the raw water is reduced by adding an oxidizing agent to the raw water to form hardly water-soluble oxides from the harmful substances. The target compound can be removed from the water as a precipitate in the oxidation process when the compound has a high density. The invention provides not only the cleaned water without the inorganic harmful substances but also the following advantages over the conventional apparatuses: 1, the initial cost is low; 2, the running cost is low; 3, the waste collected becomes a valuable matter containing rare elements; 4, the waste water is reduced; and 5, the apparatus is simple. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
安全な生活用水を確保するための分野で利用する技術である。特に、無機有害物質:砒素、鉛、クロム、カドミウム、水銀等によって汚染された水を処理して安全な生活用水を提供する浄水装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
無機有害物質の内、砒素による健康被害は井戸水の使用によるもので、「歩けない」「手が震える」などの症状を訴えている(朝日新聞,2003.6.5)。海外特に、バングラデシュを含むガンジスデルタは世界で最も砒素汚染のひどい地域で自然由来の地下水砒素汚染のため数千万人がそのリスクを負っている。一方、砒素汚染に対する対策は十分とは言えず、より有効な対策の必要性を訴えている(第10回国際ヒ素シンポジウム,バングラディシュ国ナワブガンジ地区における井戸水のヒ素汚染状況について.,古川明彦ほか,2001,11)。砒素汚染に対して、RO膜(限外ろ過)を用いて処理する方法が提案されている。RO膜を用いる手法は海水の淡水化の手法として最近利用されている技術である。
【0003】
RO膜によるろ過において通常50〜70%の膜通過水と排出側50〜30%の濃縮排水からなっている。海に生息する生物は10%の塩分濃度の変化で絶滅の要因になると云われている(恐龍はなぜ滅んだか,平野弘道,講談社,P.144,1988)に係わらず、私達人類は50〜70%の生活用水を得るために、50〜30%濃縮水を排出し、他の生物を犠牲にして生きている。砒素、鉛、クロム、カドミウム、水銀等を含有する原水を用いてナノフィルター、RO膜を用いて海水同様に処理することは生物多様化の中では、許される行為ではないと考える。かかる、有害物質は捕捉し再利用することが寛容である。前述の有害物質において、有害物質を固(鉄粉)・液(標的化合物)反応によって分離・除去して、無害化し、環境循環、人と他の生物との共生を配慮した装置に関する報告は未だ見られていない。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、有害物質を含有する原水に酸化剤を加え、フレキシブルパイプ中で充分な接触と反応時間を取って酸化反応を終結させ、例えば砒素の場合、As3+→As5+に酸化し、水に難溶性の酸化物に変換することによって、その毒性を約1/18と低減させる。また、標的化合物が高濃度である場合は、酸化の工程で沈殿物として除去することも可能である。
【0005】
一方、膜ろ過は標的化合物の分離と酸化殺菌に対して耐性を有する生物の分離も含んでいる。膜ろ過を併用することによって、濃縮された排出液中の有害物質と鉄粉と反応させることにより、従来そのまま排出されていた有害物質の捕捉、回収が可能である。膜ろ過で捕捉率95%を仮定し、高濃度汚染の砒素濃度(2000μg/l)地域の原水を処理した場合、通過水中の砒素濃度は100μg/lでWHO基準の10倍であり、RO膜ろ過でも基準値をクリアできない。一方、浄水が50%通過の場合3900μg/l濃度の汚染水が環境に循環することとなる。これは、汚染が継続的に起ることを意味している。本発明は、一過性の基準回避の為の手法ではなく、継続的に有害物質を捕捉・回収し、安全な生活用水を提供することにある。本発明は、一過性の基準回避の為の手法ではなく、継続的に有害性物質を捕捉回収し、有害物質は希少元素の原料として利用し得るものである。例えば、砒素の場合:As65.5mg/Fe担持体1gで極めて高濃度の標的元素を含有する鉱石と見なすことができる。鉄粉充填かつ槽を出た排水には、鉄粉を含有することがあるので、活性炭充填槽を通して、再度原水として用いる。一方、膜ろ過された通過水は予防的にアルミナ充填槽を通して、生活用水を飲料水とする。
【0006】
かかる手順で処理される浄水装置において
(イ) 酸化工程において、酸化剤には自動酸化による空気、オゾン、過酸化水素、次亜塩素酸塩を用いる。かかる酸化剤は反応時間を調整することにより、同等な酸化能力を得ることができる。かかる酸化剤において、空気は自然界から、オゾンは市販オゾン発生装置から得ることができる。過酸化水素、次亜塩素酸塩は市場から入手できる。一方、反応系への導入において、空気、オゾンは加圧によるバブリングにより、液体の過酸化水素、次亜塩素酸ナトリム等はフィダーあるいはエゼクターを 介して注入が可能である。次亜塩素酸カルシウムのような固体のものは原水貯留(井戸も含む)槽に投入することにより酸化反応を実施することができる。
(ロ) 膜ろ過工程において、マイクロフィルターろ過は濁りと酸化耐性微生物の分離に用いる。ナノフィルターとRO膜は微生物と標的化合物を分離濃縮するために用いる。いずれのろ過手法で用いられる膜は、種々のグレードのものが市場から入手可能である。
(ハ) 反応において、反応を完結させるためのステンレス製フレキシブルパイプ
(ニ) も市場で入手できる。
(ホ) 反応・吸着工程において、鉄粉充填槽、活性炭充填槽、アルミナ充填槽で構成され、いずれの充填物、充填槽も容易に市場から入手できる。
さらに、酸化工程における酸化剤の導入、膜ろ過、吸着の各種工程がユニット化されていてもよく、処理量によって任意の数のユニットを含んでいてもよい。一方、本発明システムの規模を拡大してもよい。また標的化合物の濃度によって、膜ろ過工程をはぶいてもよい。図面によって本発明装置の具体例を説明すると図1,2において、(S)は標的化合物を含む井戸もしくは原水貯留タンク、(Ox)は酸化剤を導入するための装置で、酸化剤が気体の場合はバブリングも可能な装置、(P)は送液のための圧送ポンプ、(Re)は酸化反応を完結させるためのステンレス製フレキシブルパイプ、(FN.RO)はイオン濃縮のためのナノフィルターあるいはRO膜、(F)は濁り、除菌のためのマイクロフィルター、(Fe)は標的化合物と鉄粉との反応の場で標的化合物の除去・吸着する槽、(Ac)は鉄粉由来の鉄分及び酸化剤の分解・除去するための活性炭槽、(Al)は、極微量の標的化合物の吸着に用いるアルミナ充填槽、(Pi)は、排水処理された処理水を(S)に循環するための配管である。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に実施例によって、本発明を更に具体的に説明する。
【0008】
実施例1
各メーカーが開示しているRO膜の機能をパンフレット及びホームページより調査し、その結果を下記に示した。砒素の場合は特に除去率が低く、94%で先に示したようにガンジスデルタにおける高度汚染地域では、通過水においてもWHO等の基準をクリアすることができない。

Figure 2005013972
【0009】
実施例2
内径7mmのガラスカラムに充填、高さ69mmに鉄粉約1.30gを充填し、3ppm次亜塩素酸ナトリウム溶液を用い、基準値の200倍溶液を上記カラムを下方より線速度26.0m/hの速度で注入し、鉄粉1g当たり担持量を下記に示した。
Figure 2005013972
【0010】
実施例3
実施例2に準拠し、アルミナ充填した塔の下方より通水し、砒素について10.7mg/g(Al)の結果を得た。
【0012】
実施例4
実施例2で得られた鉄粉を含有する鉄粉充填塔通過水を実施例2に準拠し、通水し、鉄粉充填量は24.6mg/g(乾燥活性炭)の結果を得た。
【0013】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、無機有害物質を除去した浄水を提供することができるのみでなく、従来の装置に比較して次のような利点を有している。
1.イニシャルコストが兼価である。
2.ランニングコストが安価である。
3.回収廃棄物が希少元素有価物となる。
4.排水が再利用できる。
5.装置がシンプルである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の浄水装置の一例を示す図である。
【図1】本発明の浄水装置(RO膜を使用)の一例を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
Figure 2005013972
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This technology is used in the field of securing safe domestic water. In particular, the present invention relates to a water purifier that treats water contaminated with inorganic harmful substances: arsenic, lead, chromium, cadmium, mercury, etc. to provide safe water for daily use.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
Among inorganic harmful substances, health damage caused by arsenic is due to the use of well water, and complains of symptoms such as "cannot walk" and "hands shake" (Asahi Shimbun, 2003.6.5). Overseas, especially the Ganges Delta, including Bangladesh, tens of millions of people are at risk because of the arsenic contamination in the world's most severe arsenic. On the other hand, countermeasures against arsenic contamination are not sufficient, and the need for more effective countermeasures has been complained (10th International Arsenic Symposium, Status of Arsenic Contamination of Well Water in Nawabganj, Bangladesh., Akihiko Furukawa et al., 2001 11). A method for treating arsenic contamination using an RO membrane (ultrafiltration) has been proposed. The technique using the RO membrane is a technique that has been recently used as a technique for desalinating seawater.
[0003]
In filtration by RO membrane, it usually consists of 50 to 70% of membrane-passing water and 50 to 30% of concentrated drainage on the discharge side. Regardless of the fact that the organisms inhabiting the sea are extinct due to a 10% salinity change (why dinosaurs have been destroyed, Hiromichi Hirano, Kodansha, P. 144, 1988) In order to obtain ~ 70% of domestic water, 50 ~ 30% concentrated water is discharged and living at the expense of other organisms. We consider that using raw water containing arsenic, lead, chromium, cadmium, mercury, etc., using nanofilters and RO membranes like seawater is not an allowed act in biodiversity. Such harmful substances are tolerated to be captured and reused. Regarding the above-mentioned harmful substances, there are still no reports on devices that take into account environmental circulation and coexistence between humans and other organisms by separating and removing harmful substances by solid (iron powder) and liquid (target compound) reactions. Not seen.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, an oxidizing agent is added to raw water containing a harmful substance, and the oxidation reaction is terminated by taking sufficient contact and reaction time in a flexible pipe. For example, in the case of arsenic, oxidation is performed from As 3+ to As 5+. By converting it into a sparingly soluble oxide, its toxicity is reduced to about 1/18. Further, when the target compound has a high concentration, it can be removed as a precipitate in the oxidation step.
[0005]
On the other hand, membrane filtration includes separation of target compounds and organisms that are resistant to oxidative sterilization. By using membrane filtration in combination, it is possible to capture and collect harmful substances that have been discharged as they are, by reacting iron powder with harmful substances in the concentrated effluent. Assuming a trapping rate of 95% by membrane filtration and treating raw water in a highly contaminated arsenic concentration (2000 μg / l) area, the arsenic concentration in the passing water is 100 μg / l, which is 10 times the WHO standard, and the RO membrane The reference value cannot be cleared even by filtration. On the other hand, when purified water passes 50%, contaminated water with a concentration of 3900 μg / l will circulate to the environment. This means that contamination continues. The present invention is not a technique for avoiding a temporary standard, but is to continuously capture and collect harmful substances to provide safe domestic water. The present invention is not a technique for avoiding transient standards, but continuously captures and collects harmful substances, which can be used as raw materials for rare elements. For example, in the case of arsenic: As 65.5 mg / gram of Fe carrier, it can be regarded as an ore containing a very high concentration of the target element. Since the wastewater discharged from the tank filled with iron powder may contain iron powder, it is used again as raw water through the activated carbon filling tank. On the other hand, the membrane-filtered passing water passes through the alumina filling tank proactively, and the domestic water is used as drinking water.
[0006]
In the water purification apparatus treated in such a procedure (a) In the oxidation step, air, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorite by auto-oxidation are used as the oxidizing agent. Such an oxidizing agent can obtain an equivalent oxidizing ability by adjusting the reaction time. In such an oxidant, air can be obtained from nature, and ozone can be obtained from a commercial ozone generator. Hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite are commercially available. On the other hand, air and ozone can be injected into the reaction system by bubbling under pressure, and liquid hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, etc. can be injected through a feeder or ejector. A solid substance such as calcium hypochlorite can be subjected to an oxidation reaction by being put into a raw water storage tank (including a well).
(B) In the membrane filtration process, microfilter filtration is used to separate turbidity and oxidation-resistant microorganisms. Nanofilters and RO membranes are used to separate and concentrate microorganisms and target compounds. Membranes used in any filtration method are available in various grades from the market.
(C) In the reaction, a stainless steel flexible pipe (d) for completing the reaction is also available on the market.
(E) In the reaction / adsorption process, it is composed of an iron powder filling tank, an activated carbon filling tank, and an alumina filling tank, and any filling material and filling tank can be easily obtained from the market.
Furthermore, the various steps of oxidant introduction, membrane filtration, and adsorption in the oxidation step may be unitized, and an arbitrary number of units may be included depending on the processing amount. On the other hand, the scale of the system of the present invention may be expanded. The membrane filtration step may be skipped depending on the concentration of the target compound. 1 and 2, (S) is a well or raw water storage tank containing a target compound, (Ox) is an apparatus for introducing an oxidant, and the oxidant is a gas. (P) is a pressure feed pump for liquid feeding, (Re) is a stainless steel flexible pipe for completing the oxidation reaction, (F N.RO ) is a nano filter for ion concentration Or RO membrane, (F M ) becomes turbid, microfilter for sterilization, (Fe) is a tank that removes and adsorbs the target compound in the reaction field between the target compound and iron powder, and (Ac) is derived from iron powder Activated carbon tank for decomposition and removal of iron and oxidant, (Al) is an alumina filling tank used for adsorption of a very small amount of target compound, (Pi) circulates waste water treated treated water to (S) Piping to do It is.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
[0008]
Example 1
The functions of RO membranes disclosed by each manufacturer were investigated from pamphlets and websites, and the results are shown below. In the case of arsenic, the removal rate is particularly low, and in the highly polluted area in the Ganges Delta as previously indicated at 94%, the standards such as WHO cannot be cleared even in the passing water.
Figure 2005013972
[0009]
Example 2
Packed in a glass column with an inner diameter of 7 mm, filled with about 1.30 g of iron powder at a height of 69 mm, 3 ppm sodium hypochlorite solution was used, and a 200-fold solution of the reference value was passed through the column from the lower side at a linear velocity of 26.0 m / It was injected at a rate of h, and the supported amount per gram of iron powder was shown below.
Figure 2005013972
[0010]
Example 3
In accordance with Example 2, water was passed from below the tower packed with alumina to obtain a result of 10.7 mg / g (Al 2 O 3 ) for arsenic.
[0012]
Example 4
The iron powder packed tower passing water containing the iron powder obtained in Example 2 was passed in accordance with Example 2, and the iron powder filling amount was 24.6 mg / g (dry activated carbon).
[0013]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention not only can provide purified water from which inorganic harmful substances have been removed, but also has the following advantages over conventional devices.
1. The initial cost is a price.
2. Running cost is low.
3. The collected waste becomes a rare element valuable resource.
4). Wastewater can be reused.
5. The device is simple.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a water purifier according to the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a view showing an example of a water purifier (using an RO membrane) according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
Figure 2005013972

Claims (3)

上流より酸化、反応、膜ろ過、排水、ろ過(浄水)、有害物反応・吸着各工程で構成される浄水装置Water purification equipment consisting of oxidation, reaction, membrane filtration, drainage, filtration (purified water), hazardous substance reaction and adsorption processes from upstream 請求項1において、処理対象の水に含有される有害物質の度合いによって、各工程の入れ替え、及び膜ろ過の膜の種類、有害物質反応・吸着における吸着槽反応・吸着剤の選択が可能である請求項1記載の浄水装置In claim 1, depending on the degree of harmful substances contained in the water to be treated, it is possible to replace each process and to select the type of membrane for membrane filtration, adsorption tank reaction / adsorbent in harmful substance reaction / adsorption. The water purifier according to claim 1 酸化、反応、膜ろ過、排水、ろ過(浄水)、有害物反応・吸着工程からなる浄水装置において
(イ) 酸化は、空気による自動酸化、オゾン、過酸化水素あるいは次亜塩素酸の投入、注入により酸化できること。
(ロ) 反応は、反応時間と攪拌が可能なステンレス製フレキシブルパイプであること。
(ハ) 膜ろ過は、マイクロフィルター、ナノフィルターあるいはRO膜ろ過すること。
(ニ) 排水は、膜ろ過で排出された排水が処理出来ること。
(ホ) ろ過(浄水)は、浄化された浄水が浄水として使用されること。
(ヘ) 有害物質の反応・吸着は、活性炭、鉄粉、アルミナ吸着槽であることを特徴とする。請求項1記載の浄水装置。
In water purification equipment consisting of oxidation, reaction, membrane filtration, drainage, filtration (purified water), hazardous substance reaction / adsorption process (a) Oxidation is auto-oxidation by air, injection of ozone, hydrogen peroxide or hypochlorous acid, injection It can be oxidized by.
(B) The reaction shall be a flexible pipe made of stainless steel that allows reaction time and stirring.
(C) Membrane filtration should be microfilter, nanofilter or RO membrane filtration.
(D) Wastewater that can be treated by membrane filtration.
(E) For filtration (purified water), purified water must be used as purified water.
(F) Reaction / adsorption of harmful substances is characterized by activated carbon, iron powder, and alumina adsorption tanks. The water purifier according to claim 1.
JP2003204112A 2003-06-24 2003-06-24 Water purifier Expired - Fee Related JP4422444B2 (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006239507A (en) * 2005-03-01 2006-09-14 Kobe Steel Ltd Organic arsenic compound-containing water treatment method and apparatus
JP2007029903A (en) * 2005-07-28 2007-02-08 Astec:Kk Method for preparing adsorbent of arsenic, and adsorbent of arsenic
JP2008100177A (en) * 2006-10-19 2008-05-01 Kobe Steel Ltd Method for removing arsenic from water to be treated

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006239507A (en) * 2005-03-01 2006-09-14 Kobe Steel Ltd Organic arsenic compound-containing water treatment method and apparatus
JP2007029903A (en) * 2005-07-28 2007-02-08 Astec:Kk Method for preparing adsorbent of arsenic, and adsorbent of arsenic
JP4681384B2 (en) * 2005-07-28 2011-05-11 株式会社アステック Arsenic adsorbent manufacturing method and arsenic adsorbent
JP2008100177A (en) * 2006-10-19 2008-05-01 Kobe Steel Ltd Method for removing arsenic from water to be treated

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