JP2004354979A5 - - Google Patents

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JP2004354979A5
JP2004354979A5 JP2004121326A JP2004121326A JP2004354979A5 JP 2004354979 A5 JP2004354979 A5 JP 2004354979A5 JP 2004121326 A JP2004121326 A JP 2004121326A JP 2004121326 A JP2004121326 A JP 2004121326A JP 2004354979 A5 JP2004354979 A5 JP 2004354979A5
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voltage
charging
current
peak
alternating
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JP4336608B2 (en
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Priority to US10/836,280 priority patent/US7116922B2/en
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Priority to US11/476,137 priority patent/US7424232B2/en
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交流電圧を印加され被帯電体を帯電する帯電手段と、
前記帯電手段に交流電圧を印加した際に、前記帯電手段と前記被帯電体の間に流れる電流を測定する電流測定手段と、
前記電流から前記交流電圧の周波数よりも大きい周波数である特定周波数を有する特定電流を抽出する特定電流抽出手段と、
を有することを特徴とする帯電装置。 Charging means for applying an AC voltage to charge the object to be charged;
A current measuring means for measuring a current flowing between the charging means and the body to be charged when an AC voltage is applied to the charging means;
Specific current extraction means for extracting a specific current having a specific frequency that is a frequency larger than the frequency of the AC voltage from the current;
A charging device comprising: 交流電圧を印加され被帯電体を帯電する帯電手段と、
前記帯電手段に交流電圧を印加した際に、前記帯電手段と前記被帯電体の間に流れる電流を測定する電流測定手段と、
前記電流のなかで前記交流電圧の周波数よりも大きい周波数である特定周波数を有する特定電流に基づき、前記帯電手段が前記被帯電体の画像形成領域を帯電する際に、前記帯電手段に印加される電圧を制御する制御手段と、
を有することを特徴とする帯電装置。 Charging means for applying an AC voltage to charge the object to be charged;
A current measuring means for measuring a current flowing between the charging means and the body to be charged when an AC voltage is applied to the charging means;
Based on a specific current having a specific frequency that is higher than the frequency of the AC voltage in the current, the charging unit is applied to the charging unit when charging the image forming region of the object to be charged. Control means for controlling the voltage;
A charging device comprising: 前記電流測定手段は、前記帯電手段に前記交流電圧が印加された時に発生する放電光を測定する手段を有することを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の帯電装置。   3. The charging device according to claim 1, wherein the current measuring unit includes a unit that measures discharge light generated when the AC voltage is applied to the charging unit. 前記特定周波数は、前記特定周波数をｆｔとした時、ｆｔ≧１００００（Ｈｚ）を満たす周波数であることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の帯電装置。   3. The charging device according to claim 1, wherein the specific frequency is a frequency satisfying ft ≧ 10000 (Hz) when the specific frequency is ft. 4. 前記特定周波数は、前記特定周波数をｆｔ、前記電流の周波数をｆとした時、ｆｔ≧１０・ｆを満たす周波数であることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の帯電装置。   The charging device according to claim 1, wherein the specific frequency is a frequency satisfying ft ≧ 10 · f, where ft is the specific frequency and f is the frequency of the current. 前記交流電圧の周波数をｆ１、前記特定周波数をｆｔとした時、前記特定周波数抽出手段は、前記電流のうち、ｆｔは通過し、ｆ１はカットするフィルタ手段を有することを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の帯電装置。   2. The filter according to claim 1, wherein when the frequency of the AC voltage is f1 and the specific frequency is ft, the specific frequency extracting means includes filter means for passing ft of the current and cutting f1. Or the charging device of 2. 前記フィルタ手段は、複数のフィルタ回路を備えることを特徴とする請求項６に記載の帯電装置。   The charging device according to claim 6, wherein the filter unit includes a plurality of filter circuits. 交流電圧を印加され被帯電体を帯電する帯電手段と、
前記帯電手段に交流電圧を印加した際に、前記帯電手段と前記被帯電体の間に流れる電流を測定する電流測定手段と、
前記帯電手段にピーク間電圧の異なる複数の交流電圧を印加し、各交流電圧の中で前記電流を１周期ごとに平均化した電流と、前記電流との差分から得られる特定電流の最大値が、所定の値以下になるような交流電圧を複数得て、前記所定の値以下になるような交流電圧の中で一番ピーク間電圧の小さい交流電圧に基づいて、前記被帯電体の画像形成領域を帯電する際に前記帯電手段に印加される交流電圧を制御する制御手段と、
を有することを特徴とする帯電装置。 Charging means for applying an AC voltage to charge the object to be charged;
A current measuring means for measuring a current flowing between the charging means and the body to be charged when an AC voltage is applied to the charging means;
A plurality of alternating voltages having different peak-to-peak voltages are applied to the charging means, and the maximum value of the specific current obtained from the difference between the current obtained by averaging the current in each alternating voltage and the current is And obtaining a plurality of AC voltages that are less than or equal to a predetermined value, and forming an image of the object to be charged based on the AC voltage having the smallest peak-to-peak voltage among the AC voltages that are less than or equal to the predetermined value. Control means for controlling the alternating voltage applied to the charging means when charging the region;
A charging device comprising: 前記電流の測定は、前記交流電圧の１周期以上の時間測定されることを特徴とする請求項１、２又は８に記載の帯電装置。   The charging device according to claim 1, wherein the current is measured for a period of one cycle or more of the AC voltage. 前記電流を測定する際に、前記帯電手段に印加する交流電圧の中の、所定の位相領域のみの電流を測定する手段を有することを特徴とする請求項１、２又は８に記載の帯電装置。   9. The charging device according to claim 1, further comprising means for measuring a current only in a predetermined phase region in an AC voltage applied to the charging means when measuring the current. . 前記所定の位相領域は、
前記被帯電体の表面電位をＶ１、
前記帯電手段に印加する交流電圧をＶ２、
前記帯電手段に印加する直流電圧をＶ３、
前記帯電手段に印加する交流電圧と直流電圧を重畳したバイアスをＶ４、
帯電部材に直流電圧を印加した時に被帯電体への放電が開始する電圧をＶｔｈ、
とすると、
Ｖ２の位相がＶ３の極性側にある時、かつ、Ｖ２が０Ｖから変化して最初に｜Ｖ１−Ｖ４｜＝Ｖｔｈとなる時間をｔ１として、前記ｔ１の前後Δｔの時間内のみ帯電電流を測定することを特徴とする、
ここで、帯電部材に印加する交流電圧の周波数をｆとすると、Δｔは
Δｔ≦１／（４＊ｆ）
である
ことを特徴とする請求項１０に記載の帯電装置。 The predetermined phase region is
The surface potential of the member to be charged is V1,
AC voltage applied to the charging means is V2,
DC voltage applied to the charging means is V3,
A bias in which an AC voltage and a DC voltage applied to the charging unit are superimposed is V4,
The voltage at which discharge to the charged body starts when a DC voltage is applied to the charging member is Vth,
Then,
When the phase of V2 is on the polarity side of V3, and the time when V2 changes from 0V and first becomes | V1-V4 | = Vth is t1, the charging current is measured only during the time Δt before and after t1. It is characterized by
Here, when the frequency of the AC voltage applied to the charging member is f, Δt is Δt ≦ 1 / (4 * f)
The charging device according to claim 10, wherein: 前記制御手段は、前記特定電流の最大瞬時電流に基づき、画像形成領域を帯電する際に前記帯電手段に印加される交流電圧を制御することを特徴とする請求項２に記載の帯電装置。 3. The charging device according to claim 2 , wherein the control unit controls an AC voltage applied to the charging unit when charging the image forming region based on the maximum instantaneous current of the specific current. 前記制御手段は、所定期間内の前記特定電流の発生数に基づき、画像形成領域を帯電する際に前記帯電手段に印加される交流電圧を制御することを特徴とする請求項２に記載の帯電装置。 3. The charging according to claim 2 , wherein the control unit controls an AC voltage applied to the charging unit when charging the image forming region based on the number of occurrences of the specific current within a predetermined period. apparatus. 前記制御手段は、所定期間内の前記特定電流の流れている時間に基づき、画像形成領域を帯電する際に前記帯電手段に印加される交流電圧を制御することを特徴とする請求項２に記載の帯電装置。 Wherein, based on the time that the flow of the particular current within a predetermined time period, according to claim 2, characterized in that for controlling the AC voltage applied to the charging unit when charging the image forming region Charging device. 前記制御手段は、所定期間内の前記特定電流の時間積分値に基づき、画像形成領域を帯電する際に前記帯電手段に印加される交流電圧を制御することを特徴とする請求項２に記載の帯電装置。 Wherein, based on the time integral value of the specific current in a predetermined time period, according to claim 2, characterized in that for controlling the AC voltage applied to the charging unit when charging the image forming region Charging device. 前記制御手段は、前記特定電流及び、画像形成領域を帯電する際の前記帯電手段に印加される直流電圧と前記被帯電体の間の電位差に基づき、画像形成領域を帯電する際に前記帯電手段に印加される交流電圧を制御することを特徴とする請求項２に記載の帯電装置。 The control means is configured to charge the image forming area when charging the image forming area based on the specific current and a potential difference between the DC voltage applied to the charging means when charging the image forming area and the object to be charged. The charging device according to claim 2 , wherein an AC voltage applied to the battery is controlled. 前記制御手段は、前記特定電流の最大瞬時電流が所定値以上となる交流電圧である第１の交流電圧と、前記第１の交流電圧よりもピーク間電圧が大きくかつ前記特定電流の最大瞬時電流が所定値より下となる交流電圧である第２の交流電圧とを得られるまで、前記帯電手段にピーク間電圧が異なる複数の交流電圧を印加し、画像形成領域を帯電する際に、前記第２の交流電圧に基づいて前記帯電手段に印加する交流電圧を制御することを特徴とする請求項２に記載の帯電装置。 The control means includes a first AC voltage that is an AC voltage at which a maximum instantaneous current of the specific current is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, a peak-to-peak voltage that is greater than the first AC voltage, and a maximum instantaneous current of the specific current. When charging the image forming area by applying a plurality of AC voltages having different peak-to-peak voltages to the charging means until a second AC voltage that is an AC voltage lower than a predetermined value is obtained. The charging device according to claim 2 , wherein an AC voltage applied to the charging unit is controlled based on an AC voltage of 2 . 前記制御手段は、所定期間内の前記特定電流の発生数が所定値以上となる交流電圧である第１の交流電圧と、前記第１の交流電圧よりもピーク間電圧が大きくかつ前記所定期間内の前記特定電流の発生数が所定値より少なくなる交流電圧である第２の交流電圧とを得られるまで、前記帯電手段にピーク間電圧が異なる複数の交流電圧を印加し、画像形成領域を帯電する際に、前記第２の交流電圧に基づいて前記帯電手段に印加する交流電圧を制御することを特徴とする請求項２に記載の帯電装置。 The control means includes a first AC voltage that is an AC voltage at which the number of occurrences of the specific current within a predetermined period is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, and a peak-to-peak voltage that is greater than the first AC voltage and within the predetermined period. Until a second AC voltage that is an AC voltage at which the number of occurrences of the specific current is less than a predetermined value is obtained, a plurality of AC voltages with different peak-to-peak voltages are applied to the charging means to charge the image forming area. when charging device according to claim 2, characterized in that for controlling the AC voltage applied to the charging unit based on the second alternating voltage. 前記制御手段は、所定期間内の前記特定電流の流れている時間が所定値以上となる交流電圧である第１の交流電圧と、前記第１の交流電圧よりもピーク間電圧が大きくかつ前記所定期間内の前記特定電流の流れている時間が所定値より小さくなる交流電圧である第２の交流電圧とを得られるまで、前記帯電手段にピーク間電圧が異なる複数の交流電圧を印加し、画像形成領域を帯電する際に、前記第２の交流電圧に基づいて前記帯電手段に印加する交流電圧を制御することを特徴とする請求項２に記載の帯電装置。 The control means includes a first AC voltage that is an AC voltage for which the specific current is flowing for a predetermined time within a predetermined period, and a peak-to-peak voltage that is greater than the first AC voltage and the predetermined voltage A plurality of AC voltages having different peak-to-peak voltages are applied to the charging means until the second AC voltage, which is an AC voltage in which the specific current is flowing within a period, is smaller than a predetermined value, is obtained. when charging the formation region, a charging device according to claim 2, characterized in that for controlling the AC voltage applied to the charging unit based on the second alternating voltage. 前記制御手段は、前記所定期間内の前記特定電流の時間積分値が所定値以上となる交流電圧である第１の交流電圧と、前記第１の交流電圧よりもピーク間電圧が大きくかつ前記所定期間内の前記特定電流の時間積分値が所定値より小さくなる交流電圧である第２の交流電圧とを得られるまで、前記帯電手段にピーク間電圧が異なる複数の交流電圧を印加し、画像形成領域を帯電する際に、前記第２の交流電圧に基づいて前記帯電手段に印加する交流電圧を制御することを特徴とする請求項２に記載の帯電装置。 The control means includes a first AC voltage that is an AC voltage at which a time integration value of the specific current within the predetermined period is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, a peak-to-peak voltage that is greater than the first AC voltage, and the predetermined current A plurality of AC voltages having different peak-to-peak voltages are applied to the charging means until a second AC voltage that is an AC voltage in which the time integral value of the specific current within a period is smaller than a predetermined value is obtained, thereby forming an image. when charging region, the charging apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that for controlling the AC voltage applied to the charging unit based on the second alternating voltage. 前記所定値は、画像形成領域を帯電する際の前記帯電手段に印加される直流電圧と前記被帯電体の間の電位差に基づき変化することを特徴とする請求項１７乃至２０のいずれかに記載の帯電装置。 Wherein the predetermined value, according to any one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that changes on the basis of a potential difference between the DC voltage applied to the charging means and the member to be charged at the time of charging the image forming region Charging device. 前記帯電手段にピーク間電圧の異なる複数の交流電圧を印加する時は、各々の前記交流電圧の印加時間は、前記交流電圧の１周期以上の時間であることを特徴とする請求項１７乃至２０のいずれかに記載の帯電装置。 Wherein when applying a plurality of different AC voltages peak-to-peak voltage to the charging means, the application time of each of the AC voltage, claims 17 to 20, characterized in that one or more periods of the AC voltage The charging device according to any one of the above. 前記画像形成領域を帯電する際に前記帯電手段に印加する交流電圧は、前記第２の交流電圧のピーク間電圧に所定のピーク間電圧ΔＶｐｐを付加した交流電圧であることを特徴とする請求項１７乃至２０のいずれかに記載の帯電装置。 AC voltage applied to said charging means when charging the image forming region, claims, characterized in that the peak-to-peak voltage of the second AC voltage is an AC voltage obtained by adding a predetermined peak voltage ΔVpp The charging device according to any one of 17 to 20 . 前記所定のピーク間電圧ΔＶｐｐは、所定の時間内において複数の前記第２の交流電圧を得た時に、前記複数の第２の交流電圧のピーク間電圧の中で、最大のピーク間電圧Ｖｐｐｍａｘと最小のピーク間電圧Ｖｐｐｍｉｎの差以上であることを特徴とする請求項２３に記載の帯電装置。 The predetermined peak-to-peak voltage ΔVpp is the maximum peak-to-peak voltage Vppmax among the peak-to-peak voltages of the plurality of second AC voltages when the plurality of second AC voltages are obtained within a predetermined time. 24. The charging device according to claim 23 , wherein the charging device is greater than or equal to a difference in minimum peak-to-peak voltage Vppmin. 前記ピーク間電圧の異なる複数の交流電圧の印加電圧は、前記帯電手段に印加した交流電圧が前記第１の交流電圧であった時は、次回に前記帯電手段に印加する交流電圧は、前記第１の交流電圧のピーク間電圧よりも大きいピーク間電圧を有する交流電圧を印加し、前記帯電手段に印加した交流電圧が前記第２の交流電圧であった時は、次回に前記帯電手段に印加する交流電圧は、前記第２の交流電圧のピーク間電圧よりも小さいピーク間電圧を有する交流電圧を印加することを特徴とする請求項１７乃至２０のいずれかに記載の帯電装置。 When the AC voltage applied to the charging unit is the first AC voltage, the AC voltage applied to the charging unit next time is the first voltage applied to the charging unit. When an AC voltage having a peak-to-peak voltage larger than the peak voltage of the AC voltage of 1 is applied and the AC voltage applied to the charging means is the second AC voltage, it is applied to the charging means next time. 21. The charging device according to claim 17 , wherein the AC voltage to be applied is an AC voltage having a peak-to-peak voltage smaller than a peak-to-peak voltage of the second AC voltage. 前記第２の交流電圧が複数得られた場合は、前記画像形成領域を帯電する際に、前記帯電手段に印加される交流電圧は、前記第２の交流電圧の中で一番ピーク間電圧の小さい前記第２の交流電圧に基づいて制御されることを特徴とする請求項１７乃至２０のいずれかに記載の帯電装置。 When a plurality of the second AC voltages are obtained, the AC voltage applied to the charging means when charging the image forming region is the highest peak-to-peak voltage among the second AC voltages. 21. The charging device according to claim 17 , wherein the charging device is controlled based on the small second AC voltage. 前記異なる複数の交流電圧のピーク間電圧において、前回のピーク間電圧の大きさと次回のピーク間電圧大きさの差分であるピーク間電圧ステップ間変化量は可変であり、前記ピーク間電圧ステップ間変化量のうち一つは少なくとも│Ｖｐｐ１０−Ｖｐｐ１１│以下であることを特徴とする、
ここで、前記帯電手段に交流電圧が所定時間印加された時に、
前記所定時間内において、前記電流の１周期ごとに前記最大瞬時電流が前記所定値より大きくなる前記特定電流が発生する前記交流電圧のピーク間電圧をＶｐｐ９、
前記所定時間内において、前記電流の１周期ごとに前記最大瞬時電流が前記所定値より大きくなる前記特定電流は発生しないが、少なくとも１回は最大瞬時電流が所定値以上となる前記特定電流が発生する前記交流電圧のピーク間電圧をＶｐｐ１１、
前記所定時間内において、前記最大瞬時電流が前記所定値より大きくなる前記特定電流が発生しない前記交流電圧のピーク間電圧をＶｐｐ１０として、
Ｖｐｐ９＜Ｖｐｐ１１＜Ｖｐｐ１０
を満たす
ことを特徴とする請求項１７乃至２０のいずれかに記載の帯電装置。 In the peak-to-peak voltages of the plurality of different AC voltages, the peak-to-peak voltage step change amount, which is the difference between the previous peak-to-peak voltage magnitude and the next peak-to-peak voltage magnitude, is variable, and the peak-to-peak voltage step-to-step change. One of the quantities is at least | Vpp10−Vpp11 |
Here, when an AC voltage is applied to the charging means for a predetermined time,
Within the predetermined time, the peak-to-peak voltage of the AC voltage generated by the specific current in which the maximum instantaneous current is greater than the predetermined value for each cycle of the current is represented by Vpp9,
Within the predetermined time, the specific current in which the maximum instantaneous current is greater than the predetermined value is not generated every cycle of the current, but the specific current in which the maximum instantaneous current is equal to or greater than the predetermined value is generated at least once. The peak-to-peak voltage of the alternating voltage is Vpp11,
Within the predetermined time, the peak-to-peak voltage of the AC voltage at which the specific current at which the maximum instantaneous current is larger than the predetermined value is not generated is defined as Vpp10.
Vpp9 <Vpp11 <Vpp10
The charging device according to claim 17, wherein: 前記異なる複数の交流電圧のピーク間電圧において、前回のピーク間電圧の大きさと次回のピーク間電圧大きさの差分であるピーク間電圧ステップ間変化量は可変であり、前記ピーク間電圧ステップ間変化量が所定の値以下になった時に前記異なる複数の交流電圧のピーク間電圧の印加を終了することを特徴とする請求項１７乃至２０のいずれかに記載の帯電装置。 In the peak-to-peak voltages of the plurality of different AC voltages, the peak-to-peak voltage step change amount, which is the difference between the previous peak-to-peak voltage magnitude and the next peak-to-peak voltage magnitude, is variable, and the peak-to-peak voltage step-to-step change. 21. The charging device according to claim 17 , wherein the application of the peak-to-peak voltages of the plurality of different AC voltages is terminated when the amount becomes a predetermined value or less. 前記画像形成領域を帯電する際に前記帯電手段に印加する交流電圧は、放電開始電圧の２倍以上の大きさのピーク間電圧をもつ交流電圧であることを特徴とする請求項１７乃至２０のいずれかに記載の帯電装置。 AC voltage applied to said charging means when charging the image forming region, of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that an alternating voltage having at least twice the size of the peak voltage of the discharge start voltage The charging device according to any one of the above. 前記特定電流の最大瞬時電流が所定値以上となる交流電圧である第１の交流電圧と、前記特定電流の最大瞬時電流が所定値より小さく、かつ前記第１の交流電圧を前記帯電手段に印加した時に流れる交流電流よりも、前記帯電手段に印加した時に流れる交流電流が大きい交流電圧である第２の交流電圧と、を得られるまで、前記帯電手段に異なる複数の交流電圧を印加し、画像形成領域を帯電する際に、前記第２の交流電圧に基づいて前記帯電手段に印加する電圧を制御することを特徴とする請求項２に記載の帯電装置。 A first AC voltage that is an AC voltage at which the maximum instantaneous current of the specific current is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, and a maximum instantaneous current of the specific current that is smaller than a predetermined value and the first AC voltage is applied to the charging unit A plurality of different AC voltages are applied to the charging means until a second AC voltage, which is an AC voltage having a larger AC current flowing when applied to the charging means than the AC current flowing when the charging means is obtained, when charging the formation region, a charging device according to claim 2, characterized by controlling the voltage applied to the charging unit on the basis of the second alternating voltage. 所定期間内の前記特定周波数電流の発生数が所定値となる交流電圧である第１の交流電圧と、前記所定期間内の前記特定周波数電流の発生数が所定値より小さく、かつ前記第１の交流電圧を前記帯電手段に印加した時に流れる電流よりも、前記帯電手段に印加した時に流れる電流が大きい交流電圧である第２の交流電圧と、を得られるまで、前記帯電手段に異なる複数の交流電圧を印加し、画像形成領域を帯電する際に、前記第２の交流電圧に基づいて前記帯電手段に印加する電圧を制御することを特徴とする請求項２に記載の帯電装置。 A first AC voltage that is an AC voltage at which the number of occurrences of the specific frequency current within a predetermined period is a predetermined value; and a number of occurrences of the specific frequency current within the predetermined period is less than a predetermined value and the first A plurality of alternating currents different from each other in the charging means until a second alternating voltage, which is an alternating current voltage having a larger current flowing when applied to the charging means than a current flowing when the alternating voltage is applied to the charging means, is obtained. applying a voltage, when charging the image forming area, a charging device according to claim 2, characterized by controlling the voltage applied to the charging unit on the basis of the second alternating voltage. 所定期間内の前記特定電流の流れている時間が所定値以上となる交流電圧である第１の交流電圧と、前記所定期間内の前記特定電流の発生数が所定値より小さく、かつ前記第１の交流電圧を前記帯電手段に印加した時に流れる電流よりも、前記帯電手段に印加した時に流れる電流が大きい交流電圧である第２の交流電圧と、を得られるまで、前記帯電手段に異なる複数の交流電圧を印加し、画像形成領域を帯電する際に、前記第２の交流電圧に基づいて前記帯電手段に印加する電圧を制御することを特徴とする請求項２に記載の帯電装置。 A first AC voltage that is an AC voltage during which the specific current flows in a predetermined period is a predetermined value or more; a number of occurrences of the specific current in the predetermined period is less than a predetermined value; and Until a second AC voltage, which is an AC voltage that is larger than the current that flows when the AC voltage is applied to the charging means, is obtained. the AC voltage is applied, at the time of charging the image forming area, a charging device according to claim 2, characterized by controlling the voltage applied to the charging unit on the basis of the second alternating voltage. 所定期間内の前記特定電流の時間積分値が所定値以上となる交流電圧である第１の交流電圧と、前記所定期間内の前記特定電流の時間積分値が所定値より小さく、かつ前記第１の交流電圧を前記帯電手段に印加した時に流れる電流よりも、前記帯電手段に印加した時に流れる電流が大きい交流電圧である第２の交流電圧と、を得られるまで、前記帯電手段に異なる複数の交流電圧を印加し、画像形成領域を帯電する際に、前記第２の交流電圧に基づいて前記帯電手段に印加する電圧を制御することを特徴とする請求項２に記載の帯電装置。 A first AC voltage that is an AC voltage at which a time integral value of the specific current within a predetermined period is equal to or greater than a predetermined value; a time integral value of the specific current within the predetermined period is less than a predetermined value; Until a second AC voltage, which is an AC voltage that is larger than the current that flows when the AC voltage is applied to the charging means, is obtained. the AC voltage is applied, at the time of charging the image forming area, a charging device according to claim 2, characterized by controlling the voltage applied to the charging unit on the basis of the second alternating voltage. 前記所定値は、画像形成領域を帯電する際の前記帯電手段に印加される直流電圧と前記被帯電体の間の電位差に基づき変化することを特徴とする請求項３０乃至３３のいずれかの帯電装置。 The charging according to any one of claims 30 to 33 , wherein the predetermined value is changed based on a potential difference between a DC voltage applied to the charging unit and an object to be charged when the image forming area is charged. apparatus. 前記画像形成領域を帯電する際に前記帯電手段に印加する交流電圧は、前記第２の交流電圧を前記帯電手段に印加した時に流れる交流電流Ｉａｃに所定の交流電流ΔＩａｃを付加した交流電流が前記帯電手段と前記被帯電体との間に流れるような交流電圧であることを特徴とする請求項３０乃至３３のいずれかの帯電装置。 The AC voltage applied to the charging unit when charging the image forming region is an AC current obtained by adding a predetermined AC current ΔIac to the AC current Iac that flows when the second AC voltage is applied to the charging unit. The charging device according to any one of claims 30 to 33 , wherein the charging device is an AC voltage that flows between a charging means and the member to be charged. 前記所定の交流電流ΔＩａｃは、所定の時間内において複数の前記第２の交流電圧を得た時に、前記複数の第２の交流電圧を印加した時に流れる、前記交流電流の中で、最大の交流電流Ｉａｃｍａｘと最小の交流電流Ｉａｃｍｉｎの差以上であることを特徴とする請求項３０乃至３３のいずれかの帯電装置。 The predetermined alternating current ΔIac is the largest alternating current among the alternating currents that flows when the plurality of second alternating voltages are applied when the plurality of second alternating voltages are obtained within a predetermined time. The charging device according to any one of claims 30 to 33 , wherein the charging device is equal to or greater than a difference between the current Iacmax and the minimum alternating current Iacmin. 前記異なる複数の交流電圧の印加電圧は、前記帯電手段に印加した交流電圧が前記第１の交流電圧であった時は、次回に前記帯電手段に印加する交流電圧は、前記第１の交流電圧を印加した時に流れる交流電流よりも大きい交流電流が流れるような交流電圧を印加し、前記帯電手段に印加した交流電圧が前記第２の交流電圧であった時は、次回に前記帯電手段に印加する交流電圧は、前記第２の交流電圧を印加した時に流れる交流電流よりも小さい交流電流が流れるような交流電圧を印加することを特徴とする請求項３０乃至３３のいずれかの帯電装置。 When the AC voltage applied to the charging unit is the first AC voltage, the AC voltage applied to the charging unit next time is the first AC voltage. When an AC voltage is applied such that an AC current larger than the AC current that flows when the voltage is applied and the AC voltage applied to the charging means is the second AC voltage, the AC voltage is applied to the charging means next time. 34. The charging device according to claim 30 , wherein the alternating voltage that is applied is such that an alternating current that is smaller than an alternating current that flows when the second alternating voltage is applied flows. 前記第２の交流電圧が複数得られた場合は、前記画像形成領域を帯電する際に、前記帯電手段に印加される交流電圧は、前記第２の交流電圧の中で一番交流電流の小さい第２の交流電圧に基づいて制御されることを特徴とする請求項３０乃至３３のいずれかの帯電装置。 When a plurality of the second AC voltages are obtained, the AC voltage applied to the charging means when charging the image forming area is the smallest AC current among the second AC voltages. The charging device according to claim 30 , wherein the charging device is controlled based on the second AC voltage. 前記帯電手段に帯電交流電流の異なる複数の交流電圧を印加する時は、各々の前記交流電圧の印加時間は、前記交流電流の１周期以上の時間であることを特徴とする請求項３０乃至３３のいずれかの帯電装置。 34. When applying a plurality of AC voltages having different charging AC currents to the charging means, the application time of each AC voltage is a time of one cycle or more of the AC current. One of the charging devices. 前記異なる複数の交流電圧を印加した時に流れる交流電流において、前回の交流電圧を印加した時に流れる交流電流の大きさと次回の交流電圧を印加した時に流れる交流電流の大きさの差分である交流電流ステップ間変化量は可変であり、前記ステップ間変化量のうち一つは少なくとも│Ｉａｃ１０−Ｉａｃ１１│以下であることを特徴とする、
ここで、前記帯電手段に交流電圧が所定時間印加された時に、
前記所定時間内において、前記交流電圧の１周期ごとに前記最大瞬時電流が前記所定値より大きくなる前記特定電流が発生する前記交流電圧の交流電流をＩａｃ９、
前記所定時間内において、前記交流電圧の１周期ごとに前記最大瞬時電流が前記所定値より大きくなる前記特定電流は発生しないが、少なくとも１回は最大瞬時電流が所定値以上となる前記特定電流が発生する交流電流をＩａｃ１１、
前記所定時間内において、前記最大瞬時電流が前記所定値より大きくなる前記特定電流が発生しない前記交流電圧の交流電流量をＩａｃ１０として、
Ｉａｃ９＜Ｉａｃ１１＜Ｉａｃ１０
を満たす
ことを特徴とする請求項３０乃至３３のいずれかの帯電装置。 In the alternating current that flows when a plurality of different alternating voltages are applied, an alternating current step that is the difference between the magnitude of the alternating current that flows when the previous alternating voltage is applied and the magnitude of the alternating current that flows when the next alternating voltage is applied The inter-step change amount is variable, and one of the inter-step change amounts is at least | Iac10−Iac11 |
Here, when an AC voltage is applied to the charging means for a predetermined time,
Within the predetermined time, the alternating current of the alternating voltage generated by the specific current in which the maximum instantaneous current is greater than the predetermined value for each cycle of the alternating voltage is expressed as Iac9,
The specific current in which the maximum instantaneous current is greater than the predetermined value is not generated for each cycle of the AC voltage within the predetermined time, but the specific current in which the maximum instantaneous current is equal to or greater than the predetermined value at least once. The generated AC current is Iac11,
The AC current amount of the AC voltage that does not generate the specific current in which the maximum instantaneous current is larger than the predetermined value within the predetermined time is defined as Iac10.
Iac9 <Iac11 <Iac10
The charging device according to any one of claims 30 to 33 , wherein: 前記異なる複数の交流電圧を印加した時に流れる交流電流において、前回の交流電圧を印加した時に流れる交流電流の大きさと次回の交流電圧を印加した時に流れる交流電流の大きさの差分である交流電流ステップ間変化量は可変であり、前記交流電流ステップ間変化量が所定の値以下になった時に前記異なる複数の交流電圧の印加を終了することを特徴とする請求項３０乃至３３のいずれかの帯電装置。 In the alternating current that flows when a plurality of different alternating voltages are applied, an alternating current step that is the difference between the magnitude of the alternating current that flows when the previous alternating voltage is applied and the magnitude of the alternating current that flows when the next alternating voltage is applied 34. The charging according to claim 30 , wherein the change amount between the alternating current steps is variable, and the application of the plurality of different AC voltages is terminated when the change amount between the alternating current steps becomes a predetermined value or less. apparatus. 前記画像形成領域を帯電する際に前記帯電手段に印加する交流電圧は、放電開始電圧の２倍以上の大きさのピーク間電圧をもつ交流電圧であることを特徴とする請求項３０乃至３３のいずれかの帯電装置。 34. The AC voltage applied to the charging means when charging the image forming area is an AC voltage having a peak-to-peak voltage that is twice or more the discharge start voltage. Either charging device. 画像形成領域を帯電する際の前記帯電手段に印加される直流電圧と、帯電部上流側の前記被帯電体との間の電位差が所定の電位差を有するように、前記被帯電体の電位を変更する電位変更手段を有することを特徴とする請求項２又は８に記載の帯電装置。 The potential of the charged object is changed so that the potential difference between the DC voltage applied to the charging unit when charging the image forming area and the charged object upstream of the charging unit has a predetermined potential difference. the charging device according to claim 2 or 8, characterized in that it has a potential changing means for. 前記所定の電位差は、前記特定電流の最大瞬時電流が所定の値以上となるような交流電圧が存在する電位差であることを特徴とする請求項４３に記載の帯電装置。 44. The charging device according to claim 43 , wherein the predetermined potential difference is a potential difference in which an AC voltage exists such that a maximum instantaneous current of the specific current is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. 前記所定の電位差は、前記特定電流の最大瞬時電流が測定精度以上となるような交流電圧が存在する電位差であることを特徴とする請求項４３に記載の帯電装置。 44. The charging device according to claim 43 , wherein the predetermined potential difference is a potential difference in which an AC voltage exists such that a maximum instantaneous current of the specific current is equal to or higher than a measurement accuracy. 前記所定の電位差は、前記特定電流の最大瞬時電流のＳＮ比が１以上となるような交流電圧が存在する電位差であることを特徴とする請求項４３に記載の帯電装置。 44. The charging device according to claim 43 , wherein the predetermined potential difference is a potential difference in which an alternating voltage exists such that an SN ratio of the maximum instantaneous current of the specific current is 1 or more. 前記所定の電位差は、前記特定周波数交流電流の最大瞬時電流が前記帯電交流電流の実行値以上となるような交流電圧が存在する電位差であることを特徴とする請求項４３に記載の帯電装置。 44. The charging device according to claim 43 , wherein the predetermined potential difference is a potential difference in which an AC voltage exists such that a maximum instantaneous current of the specific frequency AC current is equal to or greater than an execution value of the charging AC current. 前記交流電流測定手段のサンプリングレートをｆｓ、前記特定周波数をｆｔとした時ｆｓ＞２ｆｔを満たすことを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の帯電装置。 3. The charging device according to claim 1 , wherein fs> 2 ft is satisfied when a sampling rate of the alternating current measuring unit is fs and the specific frequency is ft. 4. 前記交流電流測定手段のスルーレートをＴ、前記特定周波数をｆｔとした時、Ｔ／ｆｔ≧１を満たすことを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の帯電装置。 3. The charging device according to claim 1 , wherein T / ft ≧ 1 is satisfied, where T is a slew rate of the AC current measuring unit and ft is the specific frequency. 4. 前記被帯電体の表面から異物を除去する除去手段を有することを特徴とする請求項２又は８に記載の帯電装置。 The charging device according to claim 2, further comprising a removing unit that removes foreign matter from the surface of the object to be charged. 前記帯電手段はローラ状であることを特徴とする請求項２又は８に記載の帯電装置。 The charging device according to claim 2, wherein the charging unit has a roller shape. 前記帯電手段は前記被帯電体に接触することを特徴とする請求項２又は８に記載の帯電装置。 The charging device according to claim 2, wherein the charging unit is in contact with the member to be charged. 前記電流は交流電流であることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の帯電装置。   The charging device according to claim 1, wherein the current is an alternating current.
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