JP2004353957A - Detonation wave generator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a generator for providing a detonation wave used for breaking and cutting. <P>SOLUTION: This detonation wave generator is provided with a first combustion chamber A for generating unburnt gas of an incomplete combustion state by igniting by an ignition means, and a second combustion chamber B for forming turbulent flow agitating air, by delivering high temperature-high pressure air forward from the outer periphery of an inner cylinder 1 in front of this first combustion chamber A; continuously supplies the unburnt gas of the incomplete combustion state of the first combustion chamber A in the second combustion chamber B; continuously generates the sudden explosive expansion in the inner cylinder 1, while generating an intense heat flame, by mixing with the turbulent flow agitating air generated in the second combustion chamber B; successively propagates the expansion to a front detonation wave generating chamber C; successively generates a pressure wave in this detonation wave generating chamber C; superimposedly generates a detonation wave; and can deliver this detonation wave from a tip nozzle part. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a detonation wave generator that intensifies a reaction by a chain reaction to cause a thermal explosion and discharges the fuel at a combustion speed faster than the explosion, so that the device can be used for various applications.
[0002]
[Prior art]
No detonation wave generator of this type has been practically used in a small size.
[0003]
A shock wave resembling this detonation wave is known, and its generating device is known to have been developed by the present inventors (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent No. 3105179 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent No. 3105182
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, conventional shock waves are widely used for crushing and crushing, but they are weak in cutting glass, pottery and metal, so if they are processed using detonation waves generated using gas or liquid fuel, they will be hard It can cut and grind diamonds. This is because when a strong shock wave passes through an exothermic mixture such as air, a combustion reaction occurs behind the wavefront, and a combined wave of the shock wave and the combustion wave is formed. This is called a detonation wave. The motion of the shock wave is supported by the heat generated by the combustion wave. Generally, the wave resistance experienced by a shock wave is caused by the fluid motion that occurs behind the wavefront, and the shock wave gradually attenuates as the range of motion expands.However, in a detonation wave, the shock wave triggers, and chemical energy is first converted to thermal energy. The detonation wave is self-propelled without attenuating, since only that necessary to cancel this wave resistance is converted into kinetic energy. This is called chap manjuge, and the self-propelled speed is obtained as a kind of eigenvalue.
[0006]
The major difference between the detonation wave and the shock wave propagation mechanism is that in the detonation wave, what determines the speed of propagation is the physicochemical properties of the medium, such as external factors such as the shock wave, the flight Mach number of the airplane and the shock tube. It is not a pressure ratio.
[0007]
Moreover, the biggest feature of both is that the shock wave is attenuated when it comes out of the generator, but the detonation wave is not attenuated when going straight, it is converted to heat in the event of a collision. A roaring wave is that, under certain conditions, a pressure wave can be easily conveyed through a waveguide.
[0008]
The present invention has been made with a focus on the above points, and uses a strong detonation wave to excavate, cut, and crush rock, cut hard glass, pottery, concrete, metals, gemstones, and the like. , Crushing, crushing, rock drilling for quarrying, thermal drilling, thermal destruction, underwater drilling by remote control, and a hollow and air-cooled drilling machine using a video camera at the same quarrying place at high altitude It is an object of the present invention to provide a detonation wave generator which can be provided simply and lightly, and which can be installed particularly in soundproofing and dustproofing devices for quarrying.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention can solve the above-mentioned problem by providing the following configuration.
[0010]
(1) A fuel injection nozzle, a small hole for air supply, and a fuel injection nozzle are provided on a substrate portion of an inner cylinder corresponding to a combustion cylinder having a multi-layered cylinder structure having an air supply path for air supply and heat exchange on the outer periphery. An ignition means is provided, and a small amount of air supplied from a small hole for supplying air is supplied to the vaporized gas injected from the fuel injection nozzle to form a high-speed swirling vortex, which is ignited by the ignition means to cause an incomplete combustion state. A first combustion chamber that generates unburned gas, and a second combustion chamber that discharges high-temperature, high-pressure air forward from the outer periphery of the inner cylinder forward of the first combustion chamber to form turbulent stirring air. The incombustible gas in the incomplete combustion state of the first combustion chamber is continuously supplied to the second combustion chamber, and mixed with the turbulent stirring air generated in the second combustion chamber to generate a high-temperature flame. However, rapid explosion and expansion are continuously generated in the inner cylinder, Propagate to the wave generation chamber, generate pressure waves in the detonation wave generation chamber, and superimpose them sequentially to generate detonation waves so that the detonation waves can be discharged from the nozzle at the tip. A detonation wave generator characterized by the following.
[0011]
(2) The amount of air discharged into the first combustion chamber from the small holes in the substrate portion of the inner cylinder and the amount of air supplied as turbulent air into the second combustion chamber are 20% when the total amount is 100%. : The detonation wave generator according to the above (1), wherein the splitting ratio is about 80%.
[0012]
(3) The cylindrical inner cylinder is held by the outer cylinder and the middle cylinder in a double manner, and the annular passage having the double structure of the outer cylinder and the middle cylinder has a base end for holding the base of each cylinder. Through a pipe connected to a combustion air supply hole drilled in the pipe, feeds combustion air from this pipe, and causes a swirling flow of unburned gas between the middle cylinder and the inner cylinder to cause the first combustion A detonation wave can be generated by introducing the swirling flow of unburned gas into the turbulent combustion air discharged from a number of air discharge nozzles directed forward of the second combustion chamber following the chamber. The detonation wave generator according to the above (1), characterized in that:
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described.
[0014]
First, an outline of a basic configuration of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
[0015]
Reference numeral 1 denotes a cylindrical inner cylinder corresponding to a combustion cylinder, and 2 denotes a substrate portion to which the base of the inner cylinder 1 is fixed. In the center, a nozzle 3 for supplying various fuels, a spark plug 4, and other temperature sensors (not shown) are provided. It is provided. Reference numeral 5 denotes a middle cylinder disposed on the outer periphery of the inner cylinder 1, and 6 denotes an outer cylinder of the outermost layer. The inner cylinder 1, the middle cylinder 5 and the outer cylinder 6 are arranged concentrically. Reference numeral 7 denotes an air supply hole, which is formed in a large number in an annular shape in the substrate portion 2 so that the air can be uniformly supplied to the air supply passage 8 between the outer cylinder 6 and the middle cylinder 5.
[0016]
Reference numeral 9 denotes a notch formed inside the distal end portion of the outer cylinder 6 and at the distal end portion of the middle cylinder 5, and forms a folded portion of the air supply passage 8 so that air passing through the air supply passage 8 is formed. An introduction portion into the swirling flow path 10 between the middle cylinder 5 and the inner cylinder 1 is formed. Reference numeral 11 denotes a swirl vane forming a swirl flow path 10, a base end of the swirl vane 11 is integrally fixed to the inner cylinder 1, an outer end is fixed to the middle cylinder 5, and both ends of the middle cylinder 5. Is formed as a free end so that the middle cylinder 5 can follow the expansion and contraction of the inner cylinder 1 due to the thermal expansion of the inner cylinder 1.
[0017]
Reference numeral 12 denotes a ring-shaped small hole for supplying combustion air, which extends from the air supply passage 8 to the inside of the inner cylinder 1 in the substrate portion 2. Can be supplied to the air supply passage 8 in an amount of about 20% of the total air supplied to the air supply passage 8. The first combustion chamber A is constituted and functions as an uncompleted combustion gas region in a swirling state. I do.
[0018]
Reference numeral 13 denotes a portion in front of the first combustion chamber A of the inner cylinder 1 at a position corresponding to the end of the swirl flow path 10, which is annular on the peripheral wall of the inner cylinder 1 and along the inner cylinder wall of the inner cylinder 1. It shows a number of air discharge nozzles that are disposed substantially obliquely inward, and the air discharge nozzles 13 are provided with twisted blades 13a and formed at an acute angle toward the front of the inner cylinder 1, The air whose temperature has been increased due to heat exchange by passing through the swirling flow path 10 is discharged into the inner cylinder 1 by the respective air discharge nozzles 13, and the collision of the swirling air discharged from the respective air discharge nozzles 13 with each other. Thus, the second combustion chamber B exhibiting the turbulent flow state can be formed.
[0019]
Reference numeral 14 denotes a detonation wave discharge that follows a detonation wave generation chamber C in which a rapid explosion and expansion formed in front of the second combustion chamber B continuously spreads, generates pressure waves, and sequentially superimposes. Shows a nozzle.
[0020]
Reference numeral 15 denotes a muffler formed on the outer periphery of the detonation wave discharge nozzle 14 provided at the tip of the inner cylinder 1.
[0021]
The operation will be described based on the configuration described above.
[0022]
First, the fuel nozzle 3 sprays gas or liquid fuel, for example, kerosene, into the first combustion chamber A in the inner cylinder 1, and is supplied from the small holes 12 branched from the air supply passage 8. % Of the swirling auxiliary air, a high-speed swirling vortex gas mixture is formed, and the mixed gas is intermittently ignited by an ignition plug 4, for example, a spark plug for a jet engine, to obtain an incompletely combusted active combustion gas. And proceed forward.
[0023]
On the other hand, the supply air that has passed through the air supply passage 8 and turned inward at the notch 9 has passed through the swirl flow passage 10, cooled the inner cylinder 1 heated at the combustion temperature of the inner cylinder 1, and exchanged heat. The high-temperature swirling air is discharged in a turbulent state into the inner cylinder 1 by a number of air discharge nozzles 13 provided on the outer peripheral wall at the entrance of the second combustion chamber B, and is activated in the first combustion chamber A. The incomplete combustion gas is taken in, and 20% of the air mixed gas is mixed and diffused with the turbulent high-pressure air of 80%, causing rapid explosive flame combustion, further generating rapid thermal expansion, generating a pressure wave, and burning. In the detonation wave generation chamber C, it can be converted into a surprising explosion energy by being superimposed on the waves.
[0024]
Although the detonation wave is discharged forward from the discharge nozzle 14, a noise reduction muffler 15 is provided to alleviate the roaring sound at that time, so that the noise can be practically eliminated.
[0025]
The generation of the detonation wave energy from the second combustion chamber B to the detonation wave generation chamber C increases the speed by the wave such as the detonation wave or the pressure wave in the front being covered by the wave in the rear, and further increases. It is recognized that this wave covers the previous wave and grows rapidly, and is converted into heat only by collision, and at the same time, heat explosion and thermal destruction.This detonation wave is a sonic shock wave Has a characteristic that it can travel straight without attenuating in the air, whereas the tip of the detonation wave discharge nozzle 14 is connected to a favorite straight waveguide (not shown) to provide a detonation wave. Piercing effect can be improved.
[0026]
While the basic configuration and operation of the present invention have been described above, other specific configurations will be described below as embodiments.
[0027]
The portions having substantially the same configuration and operation as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. The characteristic configuration will be described below in different sections.
[0028]
[Pipe configuration in air supply path 8 between middle cylinder 5 and outer cylinder 6]
A pipe 8a for supplying combustion air is fixedly connected to the air supply passage 8 at the base end of an air supply hole 7 opened between the middle cylinder 5 and the outer cylinder 6 inside the substrate portion 2. The tip is bent in the opposite direction at the cutout 9 of the middle cylinder 9 so that air can be supplied into the swirl flow path 10, whereby the outer cylinder 6 is divided into the inner cylinder 1 and the middle cylinder 9. 5 is not affected by the thermal expansion, and the disassembling and assembling operation of each component including the detonation wave discharge nozzle can be effectively performed.
[0029]
[Air discharge nozzle 13 of second combustion chamber B]
The twisted blades 13a are vertically interposed in the air discharge nozzle 13, and the function of the twisted blades 13a allows the discharged air to be effectively swirled and discharged. Since a large number are arranged in a ring, the swirling flows from the adjacent air discharge nozzles 13 mix with each other to exhibit a turbulent state, and a pressure wave is generated in the second combustion chamber B, so that the first combustion chamber A As the high-speed combustion of the incomplete combustion gas in the activated state sent from the reactor progresses, the pressure wave gradually increases, and the sequentially sent wave is subjected to the weight effect of the wave, and the shock wave, the pressure wave, and the combustion wave are added. In the detonation wave generating chamber C, the detonation wave can generate a surprisingly high energy detonation wave.
[0030]
[Overheating prevention device for inner cylinder 1 acting as combustion cylinder]
In order to cause detonation combustion in the second combustion chamber B in the inner cylinder 1, a high-temperature flame called a turbulent diffusion flame runs in the cylinder at the time of combustion. Therefore, there is a possibility that the metal of the inner cylinder 1 may be plasticized and melted. To prevent this, the cooling of the inner cylinder 1 is improved by cooling with water, but the heat of the device is reduced by 40% to 50%. In addition to the disadvantages of exposure and heat loss, the large size, including the water circulation equipment and the water cooling device, increases the size of the entire device by 50%. On the other hand, by the air-cooling method using the reversing supply air, that is, the cooling operation of the supply air by the swirling flow path 10 in the present invention, the supply air for combustion can be cooled to the heat resistant temperature of the metal of the inner cylinder 1 by 80% of the supply air for combustion. In addition to removing the heat of the inner cylinder 1 made of metal, for example, molybdenum that can withstand up to 2400 ° C. by heat exchange, the heat is discharged as 100% high-pressure high-temperature combustion air into the inner cylinder 1 as a swirling flow for effective utilization. 30% of the efficiency of the equipment can be obtained, and it is a simple calculation. If it is 60% of the water cooling efficiency and 130% of the air cooling, the air cooling is about twice the efficiency of the water cooling and half the size of the water cooling. It turns out that it is enough.
[0031]
[Quenching heat exchange structure with swirling flow path 10]
The swirl flow path 10 is formed between the inner cylinder 1 and the middle cylinder 5. The number of swirl of the flow path is set to 30 by the swirler vanes 10 a constituting the swirl flow path 10, and the diameter of the inner cylinder 1 is R. This is equivalent to the formation of a length of R × π × 30, which is equivalent to the formation of a cooling pipe approximately 100 times as long as the case where the swirling blade 10a is not provided. The air flowing through 10 has a high pressure and is heat-exchanged and passes at high speed, so that effective heat exchange can be performed. As a result, it can withstand the high temperature and high pressure detonation phenomenon in the inner cylinder 1.
[0032]
[Temperature adjustment using a temperature sensor with dilution air]
In order to prevent plasticity of the inner cylinder 1, temperature sensors S are embedded in the inner cylinder 1, for example, at three locations as shown in FIG. The indicated measured value is connected to a control panel and a computer provided in a remote place (not shown), and is connected to a dilution air adjusting valve 17 provided in a pipe 16 provided with a check valve communicating with the inner cylinder 1, so that the highest temperature is obtained. However, the dilution air adjusting valve 17 is actuated by the instruction of the temperature sensor, and the dilution air is introduced into the inner cylinder 1 to instantaneously reduce a dangerous high temperature state to a safe temperature and adjust the temperature. It is configured to be able to.
[0033]
[Escape structure of outer cylinder 6 due to thermal expansion of inner cylinder 1]
Both the inner cylinder 1 and the outer cylinder 6 of this device are formed to be thicker. Particularly, the inner cylinder 1 becomes hot due to the generation of the detonation wave, and greatly expands or contracts with respect to the outer cylinder 6. I do. Therefore, when the outer cylinder 6 is integrally connected to the inner cylinder 1, distortion due to expansion and contraction is generated between the outer cylinder 6 and the inner cylinder 1. Since there is a risk of developing an accident that cannot occur, the outer cylinder 6 is connected to the inner cylinder 1 or the constituent member 18 of the detonation wave discharge nozzle 14 at the distal end, and screws 19 are provided at regular intervals at the base end 6a. The base member 6a of the outer cylinder 6 is disposed in an annular groove 20 provided inside the substrate part 2 so as to protrude toward the required number of substrate parts 2, and a screw 19 drilled at the inner end of the annular groove 20 is provided. The head 19 a of the screw 19 projects outside through the insertion hole 21, and a coil spring 22 is interposed between the head 19 a of the screw 19 and the outside of the annular groove 20. The above-mentioned inconvenience is avoided by supporting the base end 6a of There as Shosuru configuration.
[0034]
[Waveguide configuration for detonation and pressure wave transport]
The detonation wave discharge nozzle 14 is configured such that a waveguide 23 can be connected to the tip of the nozzle and can conduct a straight forward detonation wave. For example, a waveguide 23 having a length of about 1 m is used. It has been confirmed that 15m / H can be drilled with inch pipe rock granite.
[0035]
By using this configuration, rock excavation, cutting, crushing, hard glass, pottery, concrete, metals, gemstones, and the like can be efficiently executed.
[0036]
Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, it is possible to generate an effective detonation wave simply by using a liquid or gaseous fuel such as kerosene or gas such as kerosene, It is very effective when used for civil engineering as well as industrial use, such as destruction and perforation, and widely for industrial use.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a detonation wave generator showing a basic configuration of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment of the same; FIG. 3 is a detonation wave discharge nozzle 14 and a waveguide; Partial exploded perspective view showing the relationship of [Description of symbols]
A First combustion chamber B Second combustion chamber C Detonation wave generation chamber S Temperature sensor 1 Inner cylinder 2 Substrate 3 Fuel nozzle 4 Ignition plug 5 Middle cylinder 6 Outer cylinder 6a Base end 7 Air supply hole 8 Air supply path 8a Pipe 9 Notch 10 Swirl channel 10a Swirl blade 11 Swirl blade 12 Small hole 13 Air discharge nozzle 13a Twisted blade 14 Detonation wave discharge nozzle 15 Silence muffler 16 Pipe 17 Dilution air regulating valve 18 Component member 19 Screw 19a Head Reference Signs List 20 annular groove 21 insertion hole 22 coil spring 23 waveguide 24 packing 25 nut

Claims (3)

A fuel injection nozzle, a small hole for air supply, and an ignition means are provided on a substrate portion of an inner cylinder corresponding to a combustion cylinder having a multi-layered cylinder structure having an air supply path for air supply and heat exchange on the outer periphery. A small amount of air supplied from a small hole for air supply is supplied to the vaporized gas injected from the fuel injection nozzle to form a high-speed swirling vortex, which is ignited by the ignition means, and the incombustible uncombusted state is provided. A first combustion chamber that generates gas, and a second combustion chamber that discharges high-temperature and high-pressure air forward from the outer periphery of the inner cylinder toward the front of the first combustion chamber to form turbulent stirring air is provided. The unburned gas in the incompletely-combusted state of the first combustion chamber is continuously supplied to the second combustion chamber, and mixed with the turbulent agitated air generated in the second combustion chamber to generate a high-temperature flame. Continuously generate sudden explosion and expansion in the cylinder, detonation waves sequentially and forward Propagating to the chamber, and generating pressure waves in the detonation wave generation chamber to generate a detonation wave by superimposing them sequentially, so that this detonation wave can be discharged from the nozzle at the tip. A detonation wave generator. The amount of air discharged into the first combustion chamber from the small holes in the substrate portion of the inner cylinder and the amount of air supplied as turbulent air to the second combustion chamber are 20%: 80% when the total amount is 100%. 2. The detonation wave generator according to claim 1, wherein the splitting ratio is of the order of magnitude. The cylindrical inner cylinder was embraced as a double of the outer cylinder and the middle cylinder, and the annular passage of the double structure of the outer cylinder and the middle cylinder was pierced at the base end holding the base of each cylinder. Insert a pipe connected to the combustion air supply hole, feed combustion air from this pipe, and cause a swirling flow of unburned gas between the middle cylinder and the inner cylinder, followed by the first combustion chamber The swirling flow of unburned gas is introduced into turbulent combustion air discharged from a number of air discharge nozzles directed forward of the second combustion chamber to generate a detonation wave. The detonation wave generator according to claim 1, wherein

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