JP2004343665A - High frequency amplifier circuit - Google Patents

High frequency amplifier circuit Download PDF

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JP2004343665A
JP2004343665A JP2003141051A JP2003141051A JP2004343665A JP 2004343665 A JP2004343665 A JP 2004343665A JP 2003141051 A JP2003141051 A JP 2003141051A JP 2003141051 A JP2003141051 A JP 2003141051A JP 2004343665 A JP2004343665 A JP 2004343665A
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signal
phase
pair
frequency
amplitude
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JP3840201B2 (en
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Kengo Tsushima
肩吾 對馬
Kazuo Yamashita
和郎 山下
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Japan Radio Co Ltd
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Japan Radio Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a high frequency amplifier circuit with a simple circuit configuration capable of highly efficient amplification. <P>SOLUTION: An inverting signal pair generator 22 generates a pair of inverting signals Sl1(t), Sl2(t) the amplitude of which is nearly equal to each other and the phases of which are nearly inverted to each other, and a noninverting signal pair generator 30 generates a pair of noninverting signals Sp(t)/2<SP>0.5</SP>each of which is nearly orthogonal to each of a pair of the inverting signals Sl1(t), Sl2(t) and which are nearly in phase to each other. Further, a composite unit 26 composes the one Sl1(t) of the inverting signal pair with the one Sp(t)/2<SP>0.5</SP>of the noninverting signal pair to produce one S1(t) of a pair of high frequency signals and a composite unit 28 composes the other Sl2(t) of the inverting signal pair with the one Sp(t)/2<SP>0.5</SP>of the noninverting signal pair to produce the other S2(t) of a pair of the high frequency signals. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は高周波増幅回路、特に高効率増幅を図った高周波増幅回路に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
高効率な線形増幅器を実現する手段の1つとして、非特許文献1に示すLINC(Linear Amplification with Nonlinear Components)による飽和増幅器を用いた増幅回路が知られている。図12にLINCの原理を説明するためのブロック図を示す。信号分離器112により、包絡線変動を伴う変調信号である入力高周波信号Sin(t)が定包絡線位相変調信号である高周波信号対S1(t),S2(t)に分離される。分離された高周波信号対S1(t),S2(t)は、それぞれ高効率な非線形増幅器114−1,114−2により増幅されてから合成器116により電力合成されることで、線形増幅された出力高周波信号Sout(t)が出力される。
【0003】
ここで、信号Sin(t)の位相が静止して見える直交座標系上のベクトルによって信号Sin(t),S1(t),S2(t)を図示すると図13のようになる。図13に示すように、信号Sin(t)は、位相が+θ(t)で振幅がamax/20.5である信号S1(t)と、位相が−θ(t)で振幅がamax/20.5である信号S2(t)と、に分離される。信号Sin(t)を以下の(1)式で表すと、信号S1(t),S2(t)はそれぞれ以下の(2)、(3)式で表され、θ(t)は以下の(4)、(5)式で表される。
【数1】

Figure 2004343665
【0004】
合成器116の入出力インピーダンスが同一の場合、合成器116のインピーダンス変換により信号の電圧が1/20.5倍となることを考慮すると、電力合成後の出力高周波信号Sout(t)は以下の(6)式で表される。
【数2】
Figure 2004343665
【0005】
(6)式において、Gは増幅器114−1,114−2の利得である。この従来の増幅回路によれば、(6)式に示すように入力高周波信号Sin(t)を利得Gで増幅した出力高周波信号Sout(t)を得るとともに、高効率な線形増幅を図っている。
【0006】
この方式は信号の分離に(4)式で示すような三角関数演算が必要であるため、回路が複雑になるという問題点があった。また、ディジタル信号処理を用いてベースバンド信号レベルに応じた位相差を有する信号対をベースバンド領域で生成してから、増幅器114−1,114−2に入力する高周波信号対S1(t),S2(t)を周波数変換を用いて生成する方式もある。しかし、その場合は増幅器114−1,114−2の入力までにおける回路のばらつきにより、増幅器114−1,114−2に入力する高周波信号対S1(t),S2(t)にばらつきが発生するため、増幅回路の特性が劣化するという問題点があった。そこで、本発明は、簡単な回路構成で高効率増幅を実現できる高周波増幅回路を提供することを目的とする。なお、高効率化を図った高周波増幅回路の他の一例として、特許文献1,2に示すものが開示されている。
【0007】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−68942号公報
【特許文献2】
特開2002−76781号公報
【非特許文献1】
DONALD C. COX,”Linear Amplification with Nonlinear Components”,IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS,DECEMBER 1974
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
第1の本発明に係る高周波増幅回路は、入力高周波信号をその振幅に応じた位相差を有する高周波信号対に分離する分離手段と、該高周波信号対の各々を増幅する増幅器対と、該増幅器対により増幅された高周波信号対の各々を合成して出力する第1の合成手段と、を備え、前記入力高周波信号を増幅した信号を前記第1の合成手段の出力から得る高周波増幅回路であって、前記分離手段は、各々が前記入力高周波信号の振幅を設定値に調整した信号であり、互いに略同振幅かつ略逆位相である逆相信号対を生成する逆相信号対生成手段と、各々が前記入力高周波信号を分配した信号であり、各々が前記逆相信号対の各々と略直交し、互いに略同位相である同相信号対を生成する同相信号対生成手段と、前記逆相信号対の一方と前記同相信号対の一方とを合成することにより前記高周波信号対の一方を前記増幅器対の一方へ出力する第2の合成手段と、前記逆相信号対の他方と前記同相信号対の他方とを合成することにより前記高周波信号対の他方を前記増幅器対の他方へ出力する第3の合成手段と、を有することを特徴とする。
【0009】
本発明によれば、入力高周波信号を基に、互いに略同振幅かつ略逆位相である逆相信号対と、各々が逆相信号対の各々と略直交し互いに略同位相である同相信号対と、を生成している。そして、逆相信号対の一方と同相信号対の一方とを合成することで高周波信号対の一方を生成し、逆相信号対の他方と同相信号対の他方とを合成することで高周波信号対の他方を生成している。これによって、入力高周波信号の振幅が変動しても高周波信号対の振幅変動を微少とすることができるので、簡単な回路構成で高効率増幅を実現できる。
【0010】
第2の本発明に係る高周波増幅回路は、第1の本発明に記載の回路であって、前記逆相信号対生成手段は、各々が前記入力高周波信号の振幅を一定の設定値に調整した信号である前記逆相信号対を生成することを特徴とする。
【0011】
この構成によれば、逆相信号対の振幅を一定値に調整することにより、回路構成をさらに簡略化することができる。
【0012】
第3の本発明に係る高周波増幅回路は、第1の本発明に記載の回路であって、前記逆相信号対生成手段は、各々が前記入力高周波信号の振幅を該振幅及び前記増幅器対の飽和出力に基づく設定値に調整した信号である前記逆相信号対を生成することを特徴とする。
【0013】
この構成によれば、逆相信号対の振幅を該振幅及び増幅器対の飽和出力に基づく設定値に調整することにより、出力高周波信号の振幅の抑圧が防止でき、良好な歪み特性を実現できる。
【0014】
第4の本発明に係る高周波増幅回路は、第1〜3の本発明のいずれか1に記載の回路であって、前記逆相信号対生成手段は、前記入力高周波信号の振幅を調整する振幅調整手段と、該振幅調整手段からの信号を略逆位相の信号対に略等分配することにより前記逆相信号対を出力する第1の分配手段と、を有し、前記同相信号対生成手段は、前記入力高周波信号の位相を略π/2移相させる移相手段と、該移相手段からの信号を略同位相の信号対に分配することにより前記同相信号対を出力する第2の分配手段と、を有することを特徴とする。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態(以下実施形態という)を、図面に従って説明する。
【0016】
(1)第1実施形態
図1は、本発明の第1実施形態に係る高周波増幅回路の構成を示すブロック図である。本実施形態に係る高周波増幅回路は、信号分離器12、増幅器対14及び合成器16を備えている。
【0017】
信号分離器12は、入力高周波信号Sin(t)をその振幅に応じた位相差を有する高周波信号対S1(t),S2(t)に分離して増幅器対14へ出力する。例えば、信号Sin(t)は包絡線変動を伴う変調信号であり、信号S1(t),S2(t)はほぼ定包絡線となる位相変調信号である。
【0018】
増幅器対14は、互いに並列に設けられた増幅器14−1,14−2によって構成されており、増幅器14−1と増幅器14−2とで利得、位相特性は略同一である。増幅器14−1は高周波信号対の一方S1(t)を増幅し、増幅器14−2は高周波信号対の他方S2(t)を増幅する。また、ここでの増幅器14−1,14−2は飽和増幅器として用いられる。
【0019】
合成器16は、増幅器14−1の出力端子C及び増幅器14−2の出力端子Aにそれぞれ対応して設けられた伝送線路18−1,18−2を含む。そして、合成器16は、増幅器14−1,14−2によりそれぞれ増幅された信号G×S1(t),G×S2(t)(Gは増幅器14−1,14−2の利得)を伝送線路18−1,18−2をそれぞれ介して信号合成点Eにて合成し、出力高周波信号Sout(t)を図示しない負荷へ出力する。
【0020】
伝送線路18−1,18−2は、例えばマイクロストリップ線路によって構成される。伝送線路18−1の一端は増幅器14−1の出力端子Cと一致し、伝送線路18−1の他端は合成器16の信号合成点Eと一致している。同様に、伝送線路18−2の一端は増幅器14−2の出力端子Aと一致し、伝送線路18−2の他端は合成器16の信号合成点Eと一致している。そして、伝送線路18−1の電気長(増幅器14−1の出力端子Cと合成器16の信号合成点Eとの間の電気長)及び伝送線路18−1の電気長(増幅器14−2の出力端子Aと合成器16の信号合成点Eとの間の電気長)は、ともに高周波信号対S1(t),S2(t)の波長の1/4の奇数倍に略等しくなるように調整されている。また、ここでの増幅器14−1の出力端子C及び増幅器14−2の出力端子Aについては、増幅器14−1,14−2内の増幅素子の出力端子となる。
【0021】
さらに、図1に示すように、増幅器14−1の出力端子Cは対応する伝送線路18−1のみと接続されており、増幅器14−2の出力端子Aは対応する伝送線路18−2のみと接続されている。このように、本実施形態の合成器16は、増幅器14−1の出力端子Cと増幅器14−2の出力端子Aとが反射波吸収抵抗を介して接続されていない点で、ウィルキンソン合成器と異なる。
【0022】
本実施形態における信号分離器12は、分配器20、逆相信号対生成器22、同相信号対生成器30及び合成器26,28を備えている。そして、逆相信号対生成器22はリミッタ増幅器32及び分配器34を備えており、同相信号対生成器30は移相器36及び分配器38を備えている。
【0023】
分配器20は、入力高周波信号Sin(t)を略同位相の信号対に略等分配する。分配器20により分配された入力高周波信号対Sin(t)/20.5の一方は逆相信号対生成器22内のリミッタ増幅器32に入力され、他方は同相信号対生成器30内の移相器36に入力される。
【0024】
リミッタ増幅器32は、分配器20により分配された入力高周波信号Sin(t)/20.5の振幅を一定値alimにした信号Slim(t)を出力する。ここでの一定値alimについては、増幅器14−1,14−2の飽和出力レベルに基づいて設定される。分配器34は、リミッタ増幅器32からの信号Slim(t)を互いに略逆位相の逆相信号対Sl1(t),Sl2(t)に略等分配して出力する。ここで、分配器34から出力される逆相信号対Sl1(t),Sl2(t)は、各々が入力高周波信号Sin(t)の振幅を一定値alim/20.5に調整した信号であり、互いに略同振幅かつ略逆位相である。
【0025】
移相器36は、分配器20により分配された入力高周波信号Sin(t)/20.5の位相を略π/2だけ移相した信号Sp(t)を出力する。分配器38は、移相器36からの信号Sp(t)を略同位相の同相信号対Sp(t)/20.5に略等分配して出力する。ここで、分配器38から出力される同相信号対Sp(t)/20.5は、各々が入力高周波信号Sin(t)を分配した信号であり、各々が逆相信号対Sl1(t),Sl2(t)の各々と略直交し、互いに略同位相である。
【0026】
分配器34から出力される逆相信号対の一方Sl1(t)及び分配器38から出力される同相信号対の一方Sp(t)/20.5が合成器26にて合成されることで、高周波信号対の一方S1(t)が得られる。そして、分配器34から出力される逆相信号対の他方Sl2(t)及び分配器38から出力される同相信号対の他方Sp(t)/20.5が合成器28にて合成されることで、高周波信号対の他方S2(t)が得られる。本実施形態では以上の構成の信号分離器12により、増幅器対14への入力信号である高周波信号対S1(t),S2(t)を得ることができる。
【0027】
ここで、信号Sin(t)の位相が静止して見える直交座標系上のベクトルによって信号S1(t),S2(t),Sout(t)を図示すると図2のようになる。ただし、本実施形態においては、分配器20,34,38、合成器16,26,28の入出力インピーダンスを同一としており、分配器20,34,38により信号の電圧が1/20.5倍になり、合成器16,26,28により同相信号の電圧が20.5倍になるものとしている。そして、図2では各ベクトルを信号S1(t),S2(t)における電圧に換算して図示している。
【0028】
図2において、逆相信号対成分Sl1(t)/20.5,Sl2(t)/20.5については、合成器16にて略同振幅かつ略逆位相で合成されるため、互いに打ち消し合いほとんど出力されない。一方、同相信号対成分Sp(t)/2同士については、合成器16にて略同位相で合成されて出力高周波信号Sout(t)として出力される。
【0029】
さらに、信号Sin(t)を以下の(7)式で表すと、信号Slim(t),Sp(t),Sl1(t),Sl2(t),S1(t),S2(t),Sout(t)は、それぞれ以下の(8)、(9)、(10)、(11)、(12)、(13)、(16)式で表され、θ(t)は以下の(14)、(15)式で表される。
【数3】
Figure 2004343665
【0030】
(16)式に示すように、入力高周波信号Sin(t)を増幅した出力高周波信号Sout(t)を合成器16の出力から得ることができる。また、入力高周波信号Sin(t)の振幅が変動しても増幅器14−1,14−2への入力信号S1(t),S2(t)の振幅の変動は微少であるため高効率増幅が実現される。
【0031】
また、増幅器14−1の出力端子Cにおける電圧及び電流をそれぞれV1及びI1とし、合成器16の信号合成点Eにおける電圧及び電流をそれぞれV2及びI2とする。そして、増幅器14−1の出力端子Cと合成器16の信号合成点Eとの間の特性を以下の(17)式によって表すものとする。
【数4】
Figure 2004343665
【0032】
一般的に伝送線路のF行列は、特性インピーダンスをZ0、電気長をLとすると、以下の(18)式によって表される。
【数5】
Figure 2004343665
【0033】
ただし、(18)式におけるγは、以下の(19)式によって表される。
【数6】
Figure 2004343665
【0034】
(19)式において、αは減衰定数であり、βは位相定数である。
【0035】
ここで、α=0、β=2×π/λ(λは波長)とし、(18)式を簡略化すると、以下の(20)式が得られる。
【数7】
Figure 2004343665
【0036】
本実施形態の伝送線路18−1においては、電気長L=(2×n−1)×λ/4(nは自然数)であるため、高周波信号対S1(t),S2(t)の周波数において(17)式のa,b,c,dは、以下の(21)式によって表される。
【数8】
Figure 2004343665
【0037】
同様に、増幅器14−2の出力端子Aと合成器16の信号合成点Eとの間の特性についても、(17)、(21)式によって表される。
【0038】
(17)、(21)式から、以下の(22)式が得られる。
【数9】
V1/I1=Z0×I2/V2 (22)
【0039】
(22)式は、合成器16の信号合成点Eにおける電圧V2が0のときに、増幅器14−1の出力端子Cから負荷側を見たインピーダンス及び増幅器14−2の出力端子Aから負荷側を見たインピーダンスがともに無限大になることを示している。これによって、増幅器14−1,14−2にそれぞれ入力される高周波信号対S1(t),S2(t)の位相差の変動に対して、増幅器14−1の出力端子Cから負荷側を見たインピーダンス及び増幅器14−2の出力端子Aから負荷側を見たインピーダンスを、高効率となるようなインピーダンスに追従させることができる。以下、負荷インピーダンス可変原理について図3〜5を用いて説明する。
【0040】
合成器16を線形とすると、even(同相)モードとodd(逆相)モードに分けて考えることができる。図3に示すように、増幅器14−1,14−2をeven(同相)とodd(逆相)に分割した電圧源24−1,24−2,24−3と仮定する。電圧源24−2の電圧E2(t)と電圧源24−3の電圧E3(t)とは互いに逆位相であり、電圧源24−1の電圧E1(t)は電圧源24−2の電圧E2(t)及び電圧源24−3の電圧E3(t)と直交している。また、増幅器14−1,14−2の出力インピーダンスをZ0とし、合成器16の負荷インピーダンスをZLとする。ここで、増幅器14−1の出力電圧G×S1(t)は、互いに直交した電圧源24−1の電圧E1(t)と電圧源24−3の電圧E3(t)との重ね合わせで表すことができ、増幅器14−2の出力電圧G×S2(t)は、互いに直交した電圧源24−1の電圧E1(t)と電圧源24−2の電圧E2(t)との重ね合わせで表すことができる。具体的には以下の(23)〜(25)式で表される。
【数10】
Figure 2004343665
【0041】
even(同相)モードでは、図4に示すように、電圧源24−1のみで考える。この場合は、増幅器14−1の出力端子Cから負荷側を見たインピーダンス及び増幅器14−2の出力端子Aから負荷側を見たインピーダンスがともにZ0になるように設計することにより、電圧源24−1には最大電流が流れ、出力高周波信号Sout(t)の電力レベルが最大となる。
【0042】
一方、odd(逆相)モードでは、図5に示すように、電圧源24−2,24−3で考える。この場合は、電圧源24−2の電圧E2(t)と電圧源24−3の電圧E3(t)とは互いに逆位相であるため、合成器16の信号合成点Eにおける電圧V2は0となる。したがって、(22)式より、増幅器14−1の出力端子Cから負荷側を見たインピーダンス及び増幅器14−2の出力端子Aから負荷側を見たインピーダンスがともに無限大になるので、電圧源24−2,24−3の電流は0となり、電力が消費されずに出力高周波信号Sout(t)の電力レベルは0となる。このように、伝送線路18−1,18−2は、高周波信号対S1(t),S2(t)の周波数においてd=0を略満たすことにより、増幅器14−1,14−2により増幅された高周波信号対G×S1(t),G×S2(t)が合成器16の信号合成点Eにて逆位相で合成される状態を仮想した場合に、増幅器14−1の出力端子Cから負荷側を見たインピーダンス及び増幅器14−2の出力端子Aから負荷側を見たインピーダンスがともに無限大となるように機能する。
【0043】
even(同相)モードとodd(逆相)モードとの間の高周波信号対G×S1(t),G×S2(t)については、even(同相)モードとodd(逆相)モードとの重ね合わせで表すことができ、even(同相)モードとodd(逆相)モードとの重み付けを変化させることにより、高周波信号対G×S1(t),G×S2(t)の位相差を連続的に変化させることができる。そして、高周波信号対G×S1(t),G×S2(t)の位相差が小さいときは負荷電流を大きくすることができ、高周波信号対G×S1(t),G×S2(t)の位相差が大きいときは負荷電流を小さくすることができる。
【0044】
以上のように構成された本実施形態の高周波増幅回路によれば、入力高周波信号Sin(t)を基に、互いに略同振幅かつ略逆位相である逆相信号対Sl1(t),Sl2(t)と、各々が逆相信号対Sl1(t),Sl2(t)の各々と略直交し互いに略同位相である同相信号対Sp(t)/20.5と、を生成している。そして、逆相信号対の一方Sl1(t)と同相信号対の一方Sp(t)/20.5とを合成することで高周波信号対の一方S1(t)を生成し、逆相信号対の他方Sl2(t)と同相信号対の一方Sp(t)/20.5とを合成することで高周波信号対の他方S2(t)を生成している。このように、入力高周波信号Sin(t)の振幅が変動したときの振幅変動が微少となる高周波信号対S1(t),S2(t)を入力高周波信号Sin(t)を基に簡単な回路構成で生成できる。したがって、本実施形態によれば、簡単な回路構成で高効率増幅を実現できる。さらに、逆相信号対Sl1(t),Sl2(t)の振幅をリミッタ増幅器32により一定値に調整することで、回路構成をさらに簡略化することができる。
【0045】
また、本実施形態によれば、増幅器14−1,14−2にそれぞれ入力される高周波信号対S1(t),S2(t)の位相差の変動に対して、増幅器14−1の出力端子Cから負荷側を見たインピーダンス及び増幅器14−2の出力端子Aから負荷側を見たインピーダンスを高効率となるように変化させることができるので、増幅回路の効率をさらに向上させることができる。そして、負荷インピーダンスを変化させる際に、制御回路を用いる必要がないため、簡単な回路構成で増幅回路の効率を向上させることができるとともに、位相差の変動が速い高周波信号対S1(t),S2(t)においても負荷インピーダンスを応答よく変化させることができる。
【0046】
上記の説明においては、増幅器14−1,14−2を飽和増幅器として用いる場合について説明したが、以下に説明するように、増幅器14−1,14−2を飽和増幅器として用いなくてもよい。
【0047】
増幅器14−1,14−2を飽和増幅器として用いる場合は、入力高周波信号Sin(t)の振幅の増大、すなわち増幅器14−1,14−2への入力信号S1(t),S2(t)の振幅の増大とともに、出力高周波信号Sout(t)の振幅の抑圧量も増大する。図6に信号S2(t)に着目したベクトル図を示す。ただし、図6では信号S2(t)における電圧に換算して図示している。図6において、増幅器14−1,14−2が飽和していなければベクトルSl2(t)/20.5とベクトルSp(t)/2との合成ベクトルはSD(t)となる。しかし、Ssat=|Sl2(t)|/20.5であり増幅器14−1,14−2が飽和状態にあると、信号SD(t)の振幅はSsatを超えることができないため、信号SD(t)の振幅はSsatに制限されて歪みを生じる。ここで、Ssatは信号S2(t)における電圧に換算した増幅器14−1,14−2の飽和出力である。また、抑圧量Sは以下の(26)式で表される。
【数11】
Figure 2004343665
【0048】
そこで、図7に示すように、Ssat>|Sl2(t)|/20.5となるように増幅器14−1,14−2のバックオフを設定することにより、|Sp(t)|(|Sin(t)|)が増大しても増幅器14−1,14−2がすぐには飽和状態にならないため、信号SD(t)の振幅を抑圧させないことができる。増幅器14−1,14−2のバックオフについては、増幅器14−1,14−2の飽和出力レベルとリミッタ増幅器32の出力レベルとの相対レベルに基づいて設定することができ、効率の劣化しない範囲で設定される。
【0049】
(2)第2実施形態
図8は、本発明の第2実施形態に係る高周波増幅回路の構成を示すブロック図である。本実施形態においては、逆相信号対生成器22は、第1実施形態と比較して、可変減衰器42、及び可変減衰器42における信号の減衰量を制御する制御回路48をさらに備えている。そして、同相信号対生成器30は、第1実施形態と比較して、分配器44及び増幅器46をさらに備えている。
【0050】
分配器44は、分配器20により同相信号対生成器30へ分配された入力高周波信号Sin(t)/20.5を増幅器46及び制御回路48へ分配する。増幅器46は、分配器44の分配により減衰した信号レベルを分配前のレベルに戻すために設けられている。増幅器46からの信号は移相器36に入力される。
【0051】
可変減衰器42は、リミッタ増幅器32からの信号Slim(t)を減衰した信号Satt(t)を分配器34へ出力する。可変減衰器42における信号の減衰量は制御回路48によって制御される。
【0052】
制御回路48は、増幅器50、包絡線検波器52、A/Dコンバータ54、ディジタル信号処理回路56及びD/Aコンバータ58を備えている。増幅器50は、分配器44により制御回路48へ分配された信号を増幅して出力する。包絡線検波器52は、増幅器50からの信号を包絡線検波することで、入力高周波信号Sin(t)の振幅レベルを検出する。この検出レベルはA/Dコンバータ54を介してディジタル信号処理回路56に読み込まれる。ディジタル信号処理回路56は、読み込まれた検出レベルに基づいて制御指令値を演算し、D/Aコンバータ58を介して可変減衰器42へ出力する。ここで、可変減衰器42の減衰量を制御するための制御指令値については、ディジタル信号処理回路56によって入力高周波信号Sin(t)の振幅レベル及び増幅器14−1,14−2の飽和出力レベルに基づいて演算される。なお、他の構成については第1実施形態と同様であるため説明を省略する。
【0053】
前述したように、逆相信号対Sl1(t),Sl2(t)の振幅が一定で増幅器14−1,14−2を飽和増幅器として用いる場合は、入力高周波信号Sin(t)の振幅の増大、すなわち増幅器14−1,14−2への入力信号S1(t),S2(t)の振幅の増大とともに、出力高周波信号Sout(t)の振幅の抑圧量も増大する。そこで、本実施形態では、入力高周波信号Sin(t)の振幅の増大に応じて逆相信号対Sl1(t),Sl2(t)の振幅を可変減衰器42により減少させる。これによって、出力高周波信号Sout(t)の振幅の抑圧量を減少させることができる。
【0054】
さらに、入力高周波信号Sin(t)の振幅が変動しても増幅器14−1,14−2への入力信号S1(t),S2(t)の振幅が一定となるように、可変減衰器42により逆相信号対Sl1(t),Sl2(t)の振幅が調整されることが好ましい。以下、好ましい可変減衰器42における信号の減衰量、すなわちディジタル信号処理回路56内で演算される制御指令値について説明する。
【0055】
図9において、逆相信号対Sl1(t),Sl2(t)の振幅が一定の場合は、入力高周波信号Sin(t)の振幅が増大して信号Sp(t)の振幅が増大すると、増幅器14−1,14−2が飽和状態となって信号SD(t)の振幅が抑圧される。しかし、可変減衰器42によりリミッタ増幅器32からの出力信号Slim(t)を減衰させてから、分配器34により分配させて逆相信号対Sl1(t),Sl2(t)を出力すれば、合成ベクトルはSC(t)となり、Sp(t)成分は抑圧されなくなる。
【0056】
ここで、入力高周波信号Sin(t)の振幅が変動しても信号SC(t)の振幅が一定値|Slim(t)|を維持するための可変減衰器42の減衰量|Satt(t)|/|Slim(t)|は、以下の(27)式で表される。
【数12】
Figure 2004343665
【0057】
(27)式の演算については、テーブル参照等を用いてディジタル信号処理回路56内で実現可能である。
【0058】
本実施形態においても第1実施形態と同様に、簡単な回路構成で高効率増幅を実現できる。さらに、本実施形態においては、逆相信号対Sl1(t),Sl2(t)の振幅を可変減衰器42により減衰させることで、出力高周波信号Sout(t)の振幅の抑圧量を減少させることができる。さらに、可変減衰器42の減衰量|Satt(t)|/|Slim(t)|を(27)式に基づいて制御することにより、高周波信号対S1(t),S2(t)の振幅を最適化できるので、高効率を確保するとともに良好な歪み特性を実現できる。
【0059】
上記の説明においては、ディジタル信号処理回路56を用いて逆相信号対Sl1(t),Sl2(t)の振幅を制御する場合について説明した。ただし、図10に示すように、ディジタル信号処理回路56を用いずに逆相信号対Sl1(t),Sl2(t)の振幅を制御することもできる。図10に示す構成においては、逆相信号対生成器22は、可変減衰器42の代わりに減算器62を備えており、制御回路48の代わりに補償回路64を備えている。補償回路64は、増幅器70、包絡線検波器72、分配器74及び乗算器76を備えている。他の構成については図8に示す構成と同様であるため説明を省略する。
【0060】
増幅器70は、分配器44により制御回路48へ分配された信号を増幅して出力する。分配器74は、増幅器70からの信号を包絡線検波器72及び乗算器76へ分配する。包絡線検波器72は、分配器74により分配された信号の一方を包絡線検波することで、増幅器70からの信号の振幅レベルを検出する。乗算器76は、分配器74に分配された信号の他方と包絡線検波器72からの信号とを掛け合わせて減算器62へ出力する。減算器62は、リミッタ増幅器32からの信号Slim(t)から乗算器76からの信号を減算した信号Satt(t)を分配器34へ出力する。
【0061】
ここで、(27)式を以下の(28)式に示す近似式で考える。(28)式については、中心(0,0)、半径|Slim(t)|である円における点(|Slim(t)|,0)の周辺部分を、点(|Slim(t)|,0)を通り、焦点(|Slim(t)|/2,0)の放物線で近似することによって導出することができる。
【数13】
Figure 2004343665
【0062】
図11に(27)式と(28)式とを比較した計算結果を示す。この計算結果によれば、誤差を−40dBとするためには、|Sp(t)|/|Slim(t)|の値は0.5程度まで許容される。
【0063】
図10に示す構成において、増幅器70の利得をリミッタ増幅器32の出力レベル(一定値)に応じて設定することにより、補償回路64は、入力高周波信号Sin(t)の振幅を|Sp(t)|/(2×|Slim(t)|)に調整した信号を出力することができる。このように、補償回路64は、入力高周波信号Sin(t)の振幅を該振幅の2乗に比例した振幅に調整した信号を出力することになる。
【0064】
図10に示す構成によれば、信号Satt(t)の振幅を(28)式に示す振幅に調整することができるので、入力高周波信号Sin(t)の振幅が変動しても増幅器14−1,14−2への入力信号S1(t),S2(t)の振幅をほぼ一定に保つことができる。したがって、図10に示す構成においても、高効率を確保するとともに振幅の抑圧を防止できる。そして、図10に示す構成においては、ディジタル信号処理回路56を用いていないため、入力高周波信号Sin(t)の振幅の変動に対して高周波信号対S1(t),S2(t)の振幅をさらに応答よく最適化できる。
【0065】
以上、本発明の実施の形態について説明したが、本発明はこうした実施の形態に何等限定されるものではなく、本発明の技術思想を逸脱しない範囲内において、種々なる形態で実施し得ることは勿論である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の第1実施形態に係る高周波増幅回路の構成の概略を示す図である。
【図2】本発明の第1実施形態に係る高周波増幅回路の動作を説明する図である。
【図3】本発明の第1実施形態に係る高周波増幅回路の動作を説明する図である。
【図4】本発明の第1実施形態に係る高周波増幅回路の動作を説明する図である。
【図5】本発明の第1実施形態に係る高周波増幅回路の動作を説明する図である。
【図6】増幅器の飽和による出力高周波信号の振幅の抑圧を説明する図である。
【図7】増幅器のバックオフの設定により出力高周波信号の振幅の抑圧を防止する例を説明する図である。
【図8】本発明の第2実施形態に係る高周波増幅回路の構成の概略を示す図である。
【図9】本発明の第2実施形態に係る高周波増幅回路の動作を説明する図である。
【図10】本発明の第2実施形態に係る高周波増幅回路の他の構成の概略を示す図である。
【図11】逆相信号対の振幅の補償に用いる近似式の計算結果を示す図である。
【図12】従来の高周波増幅回路の構成の概略を示す図である。
【図13】従来の高周波増幅回路の動作を説明する図である。
【符号の説明】
12 信号分離器、14 増幅器対、16,26,28 合成器、20,34,38,44,74 分配器、22 逆相信号対生成器、30 同相信号対生成器、32 リミッタ増幅器、36 移相器、42 可変減衰器、48 制御回路、62 減算器、64 補償回路。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a high-frequency amplifier circuit, and more particularly to a high-frequency amplifier circuit for high-efficiency amplification.
[0002]
Problems to be solved by the prior art and the invention
As one of means for realizing a high-efficiency linear amplifier, an amplification circuit using a saturation amplifier based on LINC (Linear Amplification with Nonlinear Components) shown in Non-Patent Document 1 is known. FIG. 12 is a block diagram for explaining the principle of LINC. The signal separator 112 separates the input high-frequency signal Sin (t), which is a modulation signal with envelope fluctuation, into a high-frequency signal pair S1 (t), S2 (t), which is a constant envelope phase modulation signal. The separated high-frequency signal pairs S1 (t) and S2 (t) are amplified by the high-efficiency nonlinear amplifiers 114-1 and 114-2, respectively, and then power-combined by the combiner 116 to be linearly amplified. An output high-frequency signal Sout (t) is output.
[0003]
Here, the signals Sin (t), S1 (t), and S2 (t) are illustrated by vectors on a rectangular coordinate system in which the phase of the signal Sin (t) appears to be stationary, as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 13, the signal Sin (t) has a phase of + θ (t) and an amplitude of amax / 2. 0.5 And a signal S1 (t) having a phase of -θ (t) and an amplitude of amax / 2 0.5 And a signal S2 (t). When the signal Sin (t) is expressed by the following equation (1), the signals S1 (t) and S2 (t) are expressed by the following equations (2) and (3), respectively, and θ (t) is expressed by the following ( 4) and (5).
(Equation 1)
Figure 2004343665
[0004]
When the input and output impedances of the combiner 116 are the same, the voltage of the signal is 0.5 In consideration of the doubling, the output high-frequency signal Sout (t) after power combining is expressed by the following equation (6).
(Equation 2)
Figure 2004343665
[0005]
In the equation (6), G is the gain of the amplifiers 114-1 and 114-2. According to this conventional amplifier circuit, an output high-frequency signal Sout (t) obtained by amplifying the input high-frequency signal Sin (t) by the gain G as shown in Expression (6) is obtained, and highly efficient linear amplification is achieved. .
[0006]
This method has a problem that a circuit becomes complicated because a trigonometric function operation as shown in the equation (4) is required for signal separation. Further, a signal pair having a phase difference corresponding to the baseband signal level is generated in the baseband region using digital signal processing, and then the high-frequency signal pair S1 (t), which is input to the amplifiers 114-1 and 114-2, There is also a method of generating S2 (t) using frequency conversion. However, in this case, variations in the circuit up to the inputs of the amplifiers 114-1 and 114-2 cause variations in the high-frequency signal pairs S1 (t) and S2 (t) input to the amplifiers 114-1 and 114-2. Therefore, there is a problem that the characteristics of the amplifier circuit are deteriorated. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a high-frequency amplifier circuit that can realize high-efficiency amplification with a simple circuit configuration. As another example of a high-frequency amplifier circuit with high efficiency, those disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are disclosed.
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-68942 A
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-2002-76781
[Non-patent document 1]
DONALD C.I. COX, "Linear Amplification with Nonlinear Components", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, DECEMBER 1974
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A high-frequency amplifier circuit according to a first aspect of the present invention includes: a separating unit that separates an input high-frequency signal into a high-frequency signal pair having a phase difference corresponding to the amplitude; an amplifier pair that amplifies each of the high-frequency signal pairs; A first synthesizing means for synthesizing and outputting each of the high-frequency signal pairs amplified by the pair, and obtaining a signal obtained by amplifying the input high-frequency signal from an output of the first synthesizing means. The separating means, each of which is a signal in which the amplitude of the input high-frequency signal is adjusted to a set value, and an anti-phase signal pair generating means for generating anti-phase signal pairs having substantially the same amplitude and substantially anti-phase, An in-phase signal pair generating means for generating an in-phase signal pair, each of which is a signal obtained by distributing the input high-frequency signal, each of which is substantially orthogonal to each of the in-phase signal pairs, and which has substantially the same phase with each other; One of the phase signal pairs and the in-phase signal A second synthesizing unit that outputs one of the high-frequency signal pair to one of the amplifier pairs by synthesizing one of the pair of high-frequency signals, and synthesizing the other of the negative-phase signal pair and the other of the in-phase signal pair. And a third combining unit that outputs the other of the high-frequency signal pair to the other of the amplifier pair.
[0009]
According to the present invention, based on an input high-frequency signal, opposite-phase signal pairs having substantially the same amplitude and substantially opposite phases to each other, and in-phase signals each being substantially orthogonal to each of the opposite-phase signal pairs and substantially in phase with each other The pair has generated Then, one of the opposite-phase signal pair and one of the in-phase signal pair are combined to generate one of the high-frequency signal pairs, and the other of the opposite-phase signal pair and the other of the in-phase signal pair are combined to create a high-frequency signal. The other of the signal pair is being generated. As a result, even if the amplitude of the input high-frequency signal fluctuates, the amplitude fluctuation of the high-frequency signal pair can be made very small, so that high-efficiency amplification can be realized with a simple circuit configuration.
[0010]
A high-frequency amplifier circuit according to a second aspect of the present invention is the circuit according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein each of the negative-phase signal pair generating means adjusts the amplitude of the input high-frequency signal to a fixed set value. The method is characterized in that the opposite-phase signal pair, which is a signal, is generated.
[0011]
According to this configuration, the circuit configuration can be further simplified by adjusting the amplitude of the opposite-phase signal pair to a constant value.
[0012]
A high-frequency amplifier circuit according to a third aspect of the present invention is the circuit according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein each of the negative-phase signal pair generation means converts the amplitude of the input high-frequency signal to the amplitude and the amplitude of the amplifier pair. The method is characterized in that the anti-phase signal pair, which is a signal adjusted to a set value based on a saturation output, is generated.
[0013]
According to this configuration, by adjusting the amplitude of the opposite-phase signal pair to a set value based on the amplitude and the saturation output of the amplifier pair, suppression of the amplitude of the output high-frequency signal can be prevented, and good distortion characteristics can be realized.
[0014]
A high-frequency amplifier circuit according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the circuit according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the anti-phase signal pair generation means adjusts an amplitude of the input high-frequency signal. Adjusting means; and first distributing means for outputting the anti-phase signal pair by substantially equally distributing a signal from the amplitude adjusting means to a signal pair having substantially opposite phase, and generating the in-phase signal pair. Means for shifting the phase of the input high-frequency signal by approximately π / 2; and outputting the in-phase signal pair by distributing the signal from the phase shift means to a signal pair having substantially the same phase. And 2 distribution means.
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention (hereinafter, referred to as embodiments) will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0016]
(1) First embodiment
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the high-frequency amplifier circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The high-frequency amplifier circuit according to the present embodiment includes a signal separator 12, an amplifier pair 14, and a combiner 16.
[0017]
The signal separator 12 separates the input high-frequency signal Sin (t) into a pair of high-frequency signals S1 (t) and S2 (t) having a phase difference corresponding to the amplitude and outputs the pair to the amplifier pair 14. For example, the signal Sin (t) is a modulation signal with envelope fluctuation, and the signals S1 (t) and S2 (t) are phase modulation signals having a substantially constant envelope.
[0018]
The amplifier pair 14 includes amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2 provided in parallel with each other, and the gain and phase characteristics of the amplifier 14-1 and the amplifier 14-2 are substantially the same. The amplifier 14-1 amplifies one of the high-frequency signal pairs S1 (t), and the amplifier 14-2 amplifies the other high-frequency signal pair S2 (t). The amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2 here are used as saturation amplifiers.
[0019]
The combiner 16 includes transmission lines 18-1 and 18-2 provided corresponding to the output terminal C of the amplifier 14-1 and the output terminal A of the amplifier 14-2, respectively. Then, the combiner 16 transmits the signals G × S1 (t) and G × S2 (t) (G is the gain of the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2) amplified by the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2, respectively. The signals are combined at the signal combining point E via the lines 18-1 and 18-2, and the output high-frequency signal Sout (t) is output to a load (not shown).
[0020]
The transmission lines 18-1 and 18-2 are configured by, for example, microstrip lines. One end of the transmission line 18-1 matches the output terminal C of the amplifier 14-1, and the other end of the transmission line 18-1 matches the signal combining point E of the combiner 16. Similarly, one end of the transmission line 18-2 matches the output terminal A of the amplifier 14-2, and the other end of the transmission line 18-2 matches the signal combining point E of the combiner 16. The electrical length of the transmission line 18-1 (the electrical length between the output terminal C of the amplifier 14-1 and the signal combining point E of the combiner 16) and the electrical length of the transmission line 18-1 (the electrical length of the amplifier 14-2) The electrical length between the output terminal A and the signal combining point E of the combiner 16) is adjusted to be substantially equal to an odd multiple of 1/4 of the wavelength of the high frequency signal pair S1 (t), S2 (t). Have been. The output terminal C of the amplifier 14-1 and the output terminal A of the amplifier 14-2 are output terminals of the amplification elements in the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2.
[0021]
Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the output terminal C of the amplifier 14-1 is connected to only the corresponding transmission line 18-1, and the output terminal A of the amplifier 14-2 is connected to only the corresponding transmission line 18-2. It is connected. Thus, the combiner 16 of the present embodiment differs from the Wilkinson combiner in that the output terminal C of the amplifier 14-1 and the output terminal A of the amplifier 14-2 are not connected via the reflected wave absorption resistor. different.
[0022]
The signal separator 12 according to the present embodiment includes a distributor 20, an opposite-phase signal pair generator 22, an in-phase signal pair generator 30, and combiners 26 and 28. The anti-phase signal pair generator 22 includes a limiter amplifier 32 and a distributor 34, and the in-phase signal pair generator 30 includes a phase shifter 36 and a distributor 38.
[0023]
The distributor 20 distributes the input high-frequency signal Sin (t) substantially equally to signal pairs having substantially the same phase. Input high-frequency signal pair Sin (t) / 2 distributed by distributor 20 0.5 Is input to a limiter amplifier 32 in the in-phase signal pair generator 22, and the other is input to a phase shifter 36 in the in-phase signal pair generator 30.
[0024]
The limiter amplifier 32 receives the input high-frequency signal Sin (t) / 2 distributed by the distributor 20. 0.5 And outputs a signal Slim (t) in which the amplitude is set to a constant value alim. Here, the constant value alim is set based on the saturation output levels of the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2. The distributor 34 substantially equally distributes the signal Slim (t) from the limiter amplifier 32 to a pair of inverted signals Sl1 (t) and Sl2 (t) having substantially opposite phases and outputs the pair. Here, each of the anti-phase signal pair Sl1 (t) and Sl2 (t) output from the distributor 34 has the amplitude of the input high-frequency signal Sin (t) set to a constant value alim / 2. 0.5 , And have substantially the same amplitude and substantially opposite phases to each other.
[0025]
The phase shifter 36 receives the input high-frequency signal Sin (t) / 2 distributed by the distributor 20. 0.5 Is output as a signal Sp (t) obtained by shifting the phase by approximately π / 2. The distributor 38 converts the signal Sp (t) from the phase shifter 36 into an in-phase signal pair Sp (t) / 2 having substantially the same phase. 0.5 , And output it with approximately equal distribution. Here, the in-phase signal pair Sp (t) / 2 output from the distributor 38 0.5 Are signals obtained by distributing the input high-frequency signal Sin (t), each of which is substantially orthogonal to each of the opposite-phase signal pairs Sl1 (t) and Sl2 (t) and has substantially the same phase as each other.
[0026]
One of the opposite-phase signal pair Sl1 (t) output from distributor 34 and one of the in-phase signal pair Sp (t) / 2 output from distributor 38 0.5 Are combined by the combiner 26 to obtain one of the high-frequency signal pairs S1 (t). The other Sl2 (t) of the opposite-phase signal pair output from the distributor 34 and the other Sp (t) / 2 of the in-phase signal pair output from the distributor 38 0.5 Are combined by the combiner 28 to obtain the other S2 (t) of the high-frequency signal pair. In the present embodiment, the high frequency signal pair S1 (t) and S2 (t), which are input signals to the amplifier pair 14, can be obtained by the signal separator 12 having the above configuration.
[0027]
Here, the signals S1 (t), S2 (t), and Sout (t) are illustrated by vectors on a rectangular coordinate system in which the phase of the signal Sin (t) appears to be stationary, as shown in FIG. However, in the present embodiment, the input and output impedances of the distributors 20, 34, 38 and the combiners 16, 26, 28 are the same, and the distributors 20, 34, 38 reduce the signal voltage by half. 0.5 And the voltage of the in-phase signal is increased by 2 by the combiners 16, 26 and 28. 0.5 It is supposed to be doubled. In FIG. 2, each vector is shown as being converted into a voltage in the signals S1 (t) and S2 (t).
[0028]
In FIG. 2, the anti-phase signal pair component Sl1 (t) / 2 0.5 , Sl2 (t) / 2 0.5 Are synthesized with substantially the same amplitude and substantially the opposite phase in the synthesizer 16, so that they are canceled out and hardly output. On the other hand, the in-phase signal pair components Sp (t) / 2 are combined in substantially the same phase by the combiner 16 and output as the output high-frequency signal Sout (t).
[0029]
Further, when the signal Sin (t) is expressed by the following equation (7), the signals Slim (t), Sp (t), Sl1 (t), Sl2 (t), S1 (t), S2 (t), Sout (T) is expressed by the following equations (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), (13), and (16), respectively, and θ (t) is expressed by the following equation (14) , (15).
[Equation 3]
Figure 2004343665
[0030]
As shown in Expression (16), an output high-frequency signal Sout (t) obtained by amplifying the input high-frequency signal Sin (t) can be obtained from the output of the combiner 16. Further, even if the amplitude of the input high-frequency signal Sin (t) fluctuates, the fluctuation of the amplitude of the input signals S1 (t) and S2 (t) to the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2 is very small, so that high-efficiency amplification is performed. Is achieved.
[0031]
The voltage and current at the output terminal C of the amplifier 14-1 are V1 and I1, respectively, and the voltage and current at the signal combining point E of the combiner 16 are V2 and I2, respectively. The characteristic between the output terminal C of the amplifier 14-1 and the signal combining point E of the combiner 16 is represented by the following equation (17).
(Equation 4)
Figure 2004343665
[0032]
In general, the F matrix of a transmission line is represented by the following equation (18), where the characteristic impedance is Z0 and the electrical length is L.
(Equation 5)
Figure 2004343665
[0033]
Here, γ in equation (18) is represented by the following equation (19).
(Equation 6)
Figure 2004343665
[0034]
In the equation (19), α is an attenuation constant, and β is a phase constant.
[0035]
Here, when α = 0 and β = 2 × π / λ (λ is a wavelength), and the expression (18) is simplified, the following expression (20) is obtained.
(Equation 7)
Figure 2004343665
[0036]
In the transmission line 18-1 of the present embodiment, since the electrical length L = (2 × n−1) × λ / 4 (n is a natural number), the frequency of the high-frequency signal pair S1 (t), S2 (t) In the equation (17), a, b, c, and d are represented by the following equation (21).
(Equation 8)
Figure 2004343665
[0037]
Similarly, the characteristic between the output terminal A of the amplifier 14-2 and the signal combining point E of the combiner 16 is expressed by the equations (17) and (21).
[0038]
From the expressions (17) and (21), the following expression (22) is obtained.
(Equation 9)
V1 / I1 = Z0 2 × I2 / V2 (22)
[0039]
Equation (22) indicates that when the voltage V2 at the signal combining point E of the combiner 16 is 0, the impedance as seen from the output terminal C of the amplifier 14-1 and the load side from the output terminal A of the amplifier 14-2. It is shown that both the impedances at which the values are observed become infinite. Thereby, the load side is viewed from the output terminal C of the amplifier 14-1 against the fluctuation of the phase difference between the high-frequency signal pair S1 (t) and S2 (t) input to the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2. The impedance obtained when the load side is viewed from the output terminal A of the amplifier 14-2 and the output side can be made to follow the impedance that achieves high efficiency. Hereinafter, the variable load impedance principle will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0040]
Assuming that the combiner 16 is linear, it can be divided into an even (in-phase) mode and an odd (out-of-phase) mode. As shown in FIG. 3, it is assumed that the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2 are voltage sources 24-1, 24-2, and 24-3 that are divided into even (in-phase) and odd (out-of-phase). The voltage E2 (t) of the voltage source 24-2 and the voltage E3 (t) of the voltage source 24-3 have opposite phases, and the voltage E1 (t) of the voltage source 24-1 is equal to the voltage of the voltage source 24-2. E2 (t) is orthogonal to the voltage E3 (t) of the voltage source 24-3. The output impedances of the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2 are Z0, and the load impedance of the combiner 16 is ZL. Here, the output voltage G × S1 (t) of the amplifier 14-1 is represented by the superposition of the voltage E1 (t) of the voltage source 24-1 and the voltage E3 (t) of the voltage source 24-3, which are orthogonal to each other. The output voltage G × S2 (t) of the amplifier 14-2 is obtained by superposing the voltage E1 (t) of the voltage source 24-1 and the voltage E2 (t) of the voltage source 24-2 which are orthogonal to each other. Can be represented. Specifically, it is expressed by the following equations (23) to (25).
(Equation 10)
Figure 2004343665
[0041]
In the even (in-phase) mode, only the voltage source 24-1 is considered as shown in FIG. In this case, the voltage source 24 is designed so that the impedance when the load side is viewed from the output terminal C of the amplifier 14-1 and the impedance when the load side is viewed from the output terminal A of the amplifier 14-2 are both Z0. The maximum current flows through −1, and the power level of the output high-frequency signal Sout (t) becomes maximum.
[0042]
On the other hand, in the odd (negative phase) mode, as shown in FIG. 5, the voltage sources 24-2 and 24-3 are used. In this case, since the voltage E2 (t) of the voltage source 24-2 and the voltage E3 (t) of the voltage source 24-3 have opposite phases, the voltage V2 at the signal combining point E of the combiner 16 is 0. Become. Therefore, from the equation (22), the impedance when the load side is viewed from the output terminal C of the amplifier 14-1 and the impedance when the load side is viewed from the output terminal A of the amplifier 14-2 are both infinite, so that the voltage source 24 The currents of −2 and 24-3 become 0, and the power level of the output high-frequency signal Sout (t) becomes 0 without consuming power. Thus, the transmission lines 18-1 and 18-2 are amplified by the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2 by substantially satisfying d = 0 at the frequencies of the high-frequency signal pair S1 (t) and S2 (t). When it is assumed that the high-frequency signal pairs G × S1 (t) and G × S2 (t) are combined in the opposite phase at the signal combining point E of the combiner 16, the output terminal C of the amplifier 14-1 It functions so that both the impedance looking at the load side and the impedance looking at the load side from the output terminal A of the amplifier 14-2 become infinite.
[0043]
For the high-frequency signal pair G × S1 (t) and G × S2 (t) between the even (in-phase) mode and the odd (out-of-phase) mode, the overlap of the even (in-phase) mode and the odd (out-of-phase) mode By changing the weight between the even (in-phase) mode and the odd (out-of-phase) mode, the phase difference between the high-frequency signal pair G × S1 (t) and G × S2 (t) can be continuously calculated. Can be changed to When the phase difference between the high-frequency signal pair G × S1 (t) and G × S2 (t) is small, the load current can be increased, and the high-frequency signal pair G × S1 (t) and G × S2 (t). Is large, the load current can be reduced.
[0044]
According to the high-frequency amplifier circuit of the present embodiment configured as described above, based on the input high-frequency signal Sin (t), opposite-phase signal pairs Sl1 (t) and Sl2 ( t), and an in-phase signal pair Sp (t) / 2, each of which is substantially orthogonal to each of the opposite-phase signal pairs Sl1 (t) and Sl2 (t) and substantially in phase with each other. 0.5 And has generated. Then, one of the opposite-phase signal pair Sl1 (t) and one of the in-phase signal pair Sp (t) / 2 0.5 To generate one of the high-frequency signal pairs S1 (t), and the other of the opposite-phase signal pairs Sl2 (t) and one of the in-phase signal pairs Sp (t) / 2 0.5 Is generated to generate the other high-frequency signal pair S2 (t). As described above, a simple circuit based on the input high-frequency signal Sin (t) can be used to convert the high-frequency signal pair S1 (t) and S2 (t) in which the amplitude fluctuation when the amplitude of the input high-frequency signal Sin (t) fluctuates is small. Can be generated by configuration. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, highly efficient amplification can be realized with a simple circuit configuration. Further, the circuit configuration can be further simplified by adjusting the amplitudes of the opposite-phase signal pairs Sl1 (t) and Sl2 (t) to a constant value by the limiter amplifier 32.
[0045]
According to the present embodiment, the output terminal of the amplifier 14-1 responds to the fluctuation of the phase difference between the high-frequency signal pairs S1 (t) and S2 (t) respectively input to the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2. Since the impedance when the load side is viewed from C and the impedance when the load side is viewed from the output terminal A of the amplifier 14-2 can be changed so as to have high efficiency, the efficiency of the amplifier circuit can be further improved. Since it is not necessary to use a control circuit when changing the load impedance, the efficiency of the amplifier circuit can be improved with a simple circuit configuration, and the high-frequency signal pair S1 (t), whose phase difference fluctuates quickly, can be improved. Also at S2 (t), the load impedance can be changed with good response.
[0046]
In the above description, the case where the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2 are used as saturation amplifiers has been described. However, as described below, the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2 need not be used as saturation amplifiers.
[0047]
When the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2 are used as saturation amplifiers, the amplitude of the input high-frequency signal Sin (t) increases, that is, the input signals S1 (t) and S2 (t) to the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2. As the amplitude of the output high-frequency signal Sout (t) increases, the amount of suppression of the amplitude of the output high-frequency signal Sout (t) also increases. FIG. 6 shows a vector diagram focusing on the signal S2 (t). In FIG. 6, however, the voltage is shown in terms of the signal S2 (t). In FIG. 6, if the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2 are not saturated, the vector Sl2 (t) / 2 0.5 And the vector Sp (t) / 2 is SD (t). However, Ssat = | S12 (t) | / 2 0.5 When the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2 are in a saturated state, the amplitude of the signal SD (t) cannot exceed Ssat, and thus the amplitude of the signal SD (t) is limited to Ssat, causing distortion. Here, Ssat is the saturation output of the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2 converted into the voltage of the signal S2 (t). The suppression amount S is expressed by the following equation (26).
(Equation 11)
Figure 2004343665
[0048]
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, Ssat> | S12 (t) | / 2 0.5 By setting the back-off of the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2 so that the following equation is satisfied, the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2 immediately operate even when | Sp (t) | (| Sin (t) |) increases. Does not become saturated, the amplitude of the signal SD (t) can not be suppressed. The back-off of the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2 can be set based on the relative level between the saturation output levels of the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2 and the output level of the limiter amplifier 32, and the efficiency does not deteriorate. Set in range.
[0049]
(2) Second embodiment
FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the high-frequency amplifier circuit according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the anti-phase signal pair generator 22 further includes a variable attenuator 42 and a control circuit 48 that controls the amount of signal attenuation in the variable attenuator 42 as compared with the first embodiment. . The in-phase signal pair generator 30 further includes a distributor 44 and an amplifier 46 as compared with the first embodiment.
[0050]
The divider 44 receives the input high-frequency signal Sin (t) / 2 distributed to the in-phase signal pair generator 30 by the divider 20. 0.5 To the amplifier 46 and the control circuit 48. The amplifier 46 is provided for returning the signal level attenuated by the distribution of the distributor 44 to the level before the distribution. The signal from the amplifier 46 is input to the phase shifter 36.
[0051]
The variable attenuator 42 outputs a signal Satt (t) obtained by attenuating the signal Slim (t) from the limiter amplifier 32 to the distributor 34. The amount of signal attenuation in the variable attenuator 42 is controlled by the control circuit 48.
[0052]
The control circuit 48 includes an amplifier 50, an envelope detector 52, an A / D converter 54, a digital signal processing circuit 56, and a D / A converter 58. The amplifier 50 amplifies the signal distributed to the control circuit 48 by the distributor 44 and outputs the amplified signal. The envelope detector 52 detects the amplitude level of the input high-frequency signal Sin (t) by performing envelope detection on the signal from the amplifier 50. This detection level is read into the digital signal processing circuit 56 via the A / D converter 54. The digital signal processing circuit 56 calculates a control command value based on the read detection level, and outputs the control command value to the variable attenuator 42 via the D / A converter 58. Here, regarding the control command value for controlling the amount of attenuation of the variable attenuator 42, the digital signal processing circuit 56 controls the amplitude level of the input high-frequency signal Sin (t) and the saturation output level of the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2. Is calculated based on Note that the other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and a description thereof will not be repeated.
[0053]
As described above, when the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2 are used as the saturation amplifiers while the amplitudes of the inverted-phase signal pair Sl1 (t) and Sl2 (t) are constant, the amplitude of the input high-frequency signal Sin (t) increases. That is, as the amplitude of the input signals S1 (t) and S2 (t) to the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2 increases, the amount of suppression of the amplitude of the output high-frequency signal Sout (t) also increases. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the amplitude of the antiphase signal pair Sl1 (t) and Sl2 (t) is reduced by the variable attenuator 42 in accordance with the increase in the amplitude of the input high-frequency signal Sin (t). As a result, the amount of suppression of the amplitude of the output high-frequency signal Sout (t) can be reduced.
[0054]
Further, even if the amplitude of the input high-frequency signal Sin (t) fluctuates, the variable attenuator 42 so that the amplitudes of the input signals S1 (t) and S2 (t) to the amplifiers 14-1 and 14-2 become constant. It is preferable that the amplitude of the pair of inverted signals Sl1 (t) and Sl2 (t) is adjusted by the following. Hereinafter, a preferable signal attenuation amount in the variable attenuator 42, that is, a control command value calculated in the digital signal processing circuit 56 will be described.
[0055]
In FIG. 9, when the amplitudes of the inverted-phase signal pair Sl1 (t) and Sl2 (t) are constant, when the amplitude of the input high-frequency signal Sin (t) increases and the amplitude of the signal Sp (t) increases, the amplifier 14-1 and 14-2 become saturated, and the amplitude of the signal SD (t) is suppressed. However, if the output signal Slim (t) from the limiter amplifier 32 is attenuated by the variable attenuator 42 and then distributed by the distributor 34 to output the opposite-phase signal pair Sl1 (t) and Sl2 (t), the combination is performed. The vector becomes SC (t), and the Sp (t) component is not suppressed.
[0056]
Here, even if the amplitude of the input high-frequency signal Sin (t) changes, the attenuation of the variable attenuator 42 | Satt (t) for maintaining the amplitude of the signal SC (t) at a constant value | Slim (t) | | / | Slim (t) | is expressed by the following equation (27).
(Equation 12)
Figure 2004343665
[0057]
The operation of the expression (27) can be realized in the digital signal processing circuit 56 by referring to a table or the like.
[0058]
Also in the present embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, highly efficient amplification can be realized with a simple circuit configuration. Further, in the present embodiment, the amount of suppression of the amplitude of the output high-frequency signal Sout (t) is reduced by attenuating the amplitude of the pair of inverted-phase signals Sl1 (t) and Sl2 (t) by the variable attenuator 42. Can be. Further, by controlling the attenuation amount | Satt (t) | / | Slim (t) | of the variable attenuator 42 based on the expression (27), the amplitude of the high-frequency signal pair S1 (t), S2 (t) is reduced. Since optimization can be performed, high efficiency can be ensured and good distortion characteristics can be realized.
[0059]
In the above description, a case has been described in which the amplitude of the antiphase signal pair Sl1 (t) and Sl2 (t) is controlled using the digital signal processing circuit 56. However, as shown in FIG. 10, it is also possible to control the amplitude of the pair of inverted phase signals Sl1 (t) and Sl2 (t) without using the digital signal processing circuit 56. In the configuration shown in FIG. 10, the anti-phase signal pair generator 22 includes a subtractor 62 instead of the variable attenuator 42, and includes a compensation circuit 64 instead of the control circuit 48. The compensation circuit 64 includes an amplifier 70, an envelope detector 72, a distributor 74, and a multiplier 76. The other configuration is the same as the configuration shown in FIG.
[0060]
The amplifier 70 amplifies and outputs the signal distributed to the control circuit 48 by the distributor 44. Divider 74 distributes the signal from amplifier 70 to envelope detector 72 and multiplier 76. The envelope detector 72 detects the amplitude level of the signal from the amplifier 70 by performing envelope detection on one of the signals distributed by the distributor 74. Multiplier 76 multiplies the other of the signals distributed to distributor 74 by the signal from envelope detector 72 and outputs the result to subtractor 62. The subtractor 62 outputs to the distributor 34 a signal Satt (t) obtained by subtracting the signal from the multiplier 76 from the signal Slim (t) from the limiter amplifier 32.
[0061]
Here, Expression (27) is considered as an approximate expression shown in Expression (28) below. (28), the periphery of a point (| Slim (t) |, 0) in a circle having a center (0, 0) and a radius | Slim (t) | is converted to a point (| Slim (t) |, 0), and is approximated by a parabola at the focal point (| Slim (t) | / 2, 0).
(Equation 13)
Figure 2004343665
[0062]
FIG. 11 shows a calculation result obtained by comparing the expressions (27) and (28). According to this calculation result, the value of | Sp (t) | / | Slim (t) | is allowed up to about 0.5 in order to make the error −40 dB.
[0063]
In the configuration shown in FIG. 10, by setting the gain of the amplifier 70 according to the output level (constant value) of the limiter amplifier 32, the compensation circuit 64 changes the amplitude of the input high-frequency signal Sin (t) to | Sp (t). | 2 / (2 × | Slim (t) |) can be output. Thus, the compensation circuit 64 outputs a signal in which the amplitude of the input high-frequency signal Sin (t) is adjusted to an amplitude proportional to the square of the amplitude.
[0064]
According to the configuration shown in FIG. 10, the amplitude of the signal Satt (t) can be adjusted to the amplitude shown in the equation (28), so that the amplifier 14-1 even if the amplitude of the input high-frequency signal Sin (t) fluctuates. , 14-2, the amplitudes of the input signals S1 (t) and S2 (t) can be kept substantially constant. Therefore, also in the configuration shown in FIG. 10, high efficiency can be ensured and suppression of amplitude can be prevented. In the configuration shown in FIG. 10, since the digital signal processing circuit 56 is not used, the amplitude of the high-frequency signal pair S1 (t), S2 (t) is changed with respect to the fluctuation of the amplitude of the input high-frequency signal Sin (t). Furthermore, optimization can be performed with good response.
[0065]
As described above, the embodiments of the present invention have been described, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments at all, and can be implemented in various forms without departing from the technical idea of the present invention. Of course.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of a high-frequency amplifier circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an operation of the high-frequency amplifier circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the high-frequency amplifier circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the high-frequency amplifier circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an operation of the high-frequency amplifier circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating suppression of the amplitude of an output high-frequency signal due to saturation of an amplifier.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of preventing the amplitude of an output high-frequency signal from being suppressed by setting the back-off of the amplifier.
FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of a high-frequency amplifier circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an operation of the high-frequency amplifier circuit according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically illustrating another configuration of the high-frequency amplifier circuit according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a calculation result of an approximate expression used for compensating the amplitude of the opposite-phase signal pair.
FIG. 12 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a conventional high-frequency amplifier circuit.
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the operation of a conventional high-frequency amplifier circuit.
[Explanation of symbols]
12 signal separator, 14 amplifier pairs, 16, 26, 28 combiner, 20, 34, 38, 44, 74 distributor, 22 out-of-phase signal pair generator, 30 in-phase signal pair generator, 32 limiter amplifier, 36 Phase shifter, 42 variable attenuator, 48 control circuit, 62 subtractor, 64 compensation circuit.

Claims (4)

入力高周波信号をその振幅に応じた位相差を有する高周波信号対に分離する分離手段と、
該高周波信号対の各々を増幅する増幅器対と、
該増幅器対により増幅された高周波信号対の各々を合成して出力する第1の合成手段と、
を備え、
前記入力高周波信号を増幅した信号を前記第1の合成手段の出力から得る高周波増幅回路であって、
前記分離手段は、
各々が前記入力高周波信号の振幅を設定値に調整した信号であり、互いに略同振幅かつ略逆位相である逆相信号対を生成する逆相信号対生成手段と、
各々が前記入力高周波信号を分配した信号であり、各々が前記逆相信号対の各々と略直交し、互いに略同位相である同相信号対を生成する同相信号対生成手段と、
前記逆相信号対の一方と前記同相信号対の一方とを合成することにより前記高周波信号対の一方を前記増幅器対の一方へ出力する第2の合成手段と、
前記逆相信号対の他方と前記同相信号対の他方とを合成することにより前記高周波信号対の他方を前記増幅器対の他方へ出力する第3の合成手段と、
を有することを特徴とする高周波増幅回路。
Separating means for separating the input high-frequency signal into high-frequency signal pairs having a phase difference corresponding to the amplitude thereof,
An amplifier pair for amplifying each of the high-frequency signal pairs;
First combining means for combining and outputting each of the high-frequency signal pairs amplified by the amplifier pair;
With
A high-frequency amplifier circuit that obtains a signal obtained by amplifying the input high-frequency signal from an output of the first combining unit,
The separation means,
Anti-phase signal pair generating means for generating anti-phase signal pairs, each of which is a signal obtained by adjusting the amplitude of the input high-frequency signal to a set value, and having substantially the same amplitude and substantially opposite phase to each other,
In-phase signal pair generating means for generating an in-phase signal pair, each of which is a signal obtained by distributing the input high-frequency signal, each of which is substantially orthogonal to each of the anti-phase signal pairs, and which has substantially the same phase with each other,
Second combining means for outputting one of the high-frequency signal pair to one of the amplifier pair by combining one of the opposite-phase signal pair and one of the in-phase signal pair;
Third combining means for combining the other of the opposite-phase signal pair and the other of the in-phase signal pair to output the other of the high-frequency signal pair to the other of the amplifier pair;
A high-frequency amplifier circuit comprising:
請求項1に記載の高周波増幅回路であって、
前記逆相信号対生成手段は、各々が前記入力高周波信号の振幅を一定の設定値に調整した信号である前記逆相信号対を生成することを特徴とする高周波増幅回路。
The high-frequency amplifier circuit according to claim 1,
The high-frequency amplifier circuit, wherein the negative-phase signal pair generation means generates the negative-phase signal pair, each of which is a signal in which the amplitude of the input high-frequency signal is adjusted to a fixed set value.
請求項1に記載の高周波増幅回路であって、
前記逆相信号対生成手段は、各々が前記入力高周波信号の振幅を該振幅及び前記増幅器対の飽和出力に基づく設定値に調整した信号である前記逆相信号対を生成することを特徴とする高周波増幅回路。
The high-frequency amplifier circuit according to claim 1,
The anti-phase signal pair generation means generates the anti-phase signal pair each being a signal obtained by adjusting the amplitude of the input high-frequency signal to a set value based on the amplitude and the saturation output of the amplifier pair. High frequency amplifier circuit.
請求項1〜3のいずれか1に記載の高周波増幅回路であって、
前記逆相信号対生成手段は、
前記入力高周波信号の振幅を調整する振幅調整手段と、
該振幅調整手段からの信号を略逆位相の信号対に略等分配することにより前記逆相信号対を出力する第1の分配手段と、
を有し、
前記同相信号対生成手段は、
前記入力高周波信号の位相を略π/2移相させる移相手段と、
該移相手段からの信号を略同位相の信号対に分配することにより前記同相信号対を出力する第2の分配手段と、
を有することを特徴とする高周波増幅回路。
The high-frequency amplifier circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The anti-phase signal pair generation means,
Amplitude adjustment means for adjusting the amplitude of the input high-frequency signal,
First distributing means for outputting the opposite-phase signal pair by substantially equally distributing the signal from the amplitude adjusting means to a signal pair having substantially opposite phase;
Has,
The in-phase signal pair generation means,
Phase shifting means for shifting the phase of the input high-frequency signal by approximately π / 2;
Second distributing means for outputting the in-phase signal pair by distributing the signal from the phase shift means to a signal pair having substantially the same phase;
A high-frequency amplifier circuit comprising:
JP2003141051A 2003-05-19 2003-05-19 High frequency amplifier circuit Expired - Fee Related JP3840201B2 (en)

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JP2008028509A (en) * 2006-07-19 2008-02-07 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Transmission power amplifier, its control method and wireless communication apparatus
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