JP2004337795A - Horizontal fermentation tank and operation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a horizontal fermentation apparatus capable of giving dry state proper for a desired product and producing a fertilizer which is restored from the dried product, and its operation method. <P>SOLUTION: The horizontal fermentation tank is a plane or oval horizontal fermentation tank comprising side walls 1a, 1b; a raw material throwing inlet and a fertilizer discharge outlet 4Db, 4Fb and provided with a stirring apparatus for turning over accumulated compost converted from the raw material. In the fermentation tank, the space from the raw material throwing inlet to the fertilizer discharge outlet 4Db, 4Fb is vertically divided into a plurality of zones in the longitudinal direction of the fermentation tank and any one of the divided zone in the longitudinal direction is set to be a fermentation zone 1F for carrying out fermentation of organic resources as raw materials and remaining zones are set to be drying zones 1D for carrying out fermentation and/or drying treatment of organic resources as raw materials. Preferably, a plurality of these zones formed by vertical partitioning in the longitudinal direction are respectively partitioned in the horizontal direction by blocks and a ventilation means capable of changing ventilation conditions respectively is installed in the ventilation floors 21De in the respective blocks. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a horizontal fermenter, and in particular, performs aerobic fermentation of various organic resources such as animal dung, sludge, garbage, and food waste by using a mechanical stirrer to switch over and use microorganisms. The present invention relates to a horizontal fermenter for composting by fermenting organic matter by using the fermenter and an operation method thereof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent No. 1374347
[Patent Document 2] Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 56-172395
[Patent Document 3] JP-A-62-167278
Conventionally, organic waste that has been subjected to composting treatment has low water content (hereinafter referred to as low moisture content) and high organic matter content (hereinafter referred to as high organic content content) animal waste, sludge, garbage And so on. That is, animal manure is beef manure with a water content of about 78%, pig manure of about 72%, and broiler chicken manure with a water content of about 50%. In sewage sludge, raw sludge is dewatered with a filter press using a lime-based dewatering aid. The garbage was drained at home with sufficient drainage, and the water content was reduced to about 80%.
When composting these raw materials, as raw material conditions at the time of fermentation tank input, to adjust the water and organic matter content suitable for aerobic fermentation, to the raw materials, back compost and rice hulls as additives, sawdust or If rice straw and the like were added, then good fermentation compost could be produced by turning over using a mechanical stirring device such as a paddle, scoop, rotary, screw or auger type.
[0003]
FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of an existing composting facility for composting an organic resource having a low moisture content and a high organic matter content.
On the other hand, in order to prevent global warming, protect the environment, promote proper disposal and recycling of waste, etc., organic waste has been incinerated or landfilled as usual, or left undisturbed by unloading or digging. And the need to properly dispose of organic waste. For this reason, it has become essential to consider organic wastes as organic resources and to recycle them.
At present, the organic resources that are in need of recycling are those other than the low-moisture and high-organic-content raw materials, that is, high-moisture (hereinafter referred to as high-moisture) and low-organic-content (hereinafter, referred to as high-moisture content). Low organic matter content). As typical examples thereof, in the case of animal manure, milk manure with a water content of 85 to 93%, pig manure with a water content of 82 to 93%, sorted garbage of 80 to 85%, dehydration by a belt press using a polymer flocculant, etc. 80-85% settlement wastewater sludge and 75-85% sewage sludge subjected to the same dehydration treatment.
[0004]
In order to perform good fermentation of a raw material having a high water content and a low organic substance content, it is necessary to adjust the raw material conditions at the time of charging the fermenter, as in the usual aerobic fermentation treatment. However, by simply increasing the amount of back compost and additives by the conventional extension method, the water content of the mixed raw material can be adjusted to fermentation conditions, but at the same time, the organic matter content of the mixed raw material decreases, and as a result, fermentation A favorable aerobic fermentation could not be performed because the temperature of the mixed raw material did not rise in the tank or the duration of the fermentation temperature was shortened.
For this reason, a method is employed in which the return compost is dried by an external heat source to reduce the water content while maintaining the organic matter content.
The method of drying the back compost includes a method of once discharging the back compost to the outside of the primary fermentation tank and drying it, and a method of drying the back compost in the primary fermentation tank. The former is a method in which the primary fermented compost is dried by a solar dryer or a rotary kiln, a vacuum dryer, a low-temperature dehumidifying dryer or a hot-air ventilation dryer using a non-stacking type. It takes time and labor to carry, load, and discharge, and it is necessary to secure the installation place, the transportation flow line, and the like. The latter is a method of drying the primary fermented compost in the primary fermentation tank by a method in which the disadvantage of the former is eliminated.
[0005]
FIG. 8 is a flow diagram showing an example of an existing composting facility for composting an organic resource having a high water content and a low organic matter content, and is a system for drying the returned compost outside the fermenter.
FIG. 9 is a flow configuration diagram showing another example of an existing composting facility for composting an organic resource having a high moisture content and a low organic matter content, and is a system for drying back compost in a fermenter.
The conventional method of drying in the primary fermentation tank is to send the hot air to the primary fermentation compost deposited at the outlet of the primary fermentation tank in order to reduce the water content of the back compost, thereby reducing the water content of all the primary fermentation compost. Is decreasing.
However, in a composting facility, what is necessary for operation is a return compost with reduced water content. The primary fermented compost not used as the back compost is then transferred to a secondary fermentation tank and subjected to secondary fermentation to become a product compost. However, it is natural that the quality of the compost that is favored by cultivated farmers is that they have undergone primary and secondary fermentation. It is 45 to 55% in view of moisture conditions that can be sprayed and dust scattering prevention, and product compost that is too dry is not suitable.
[0006]
On the other hand, back compost may be completed after the primary fermentation process, but basically, the lower the water content of the back compost, the smaller the amount of back compost used in terms of operation and management of the facility. It is desirable to be as low as possible. In an extreme case, a dry raw material obtained by evaporating only the water content of the raw material may be used as return compost.
From these facts, it is the farmers' intention to use the product compost from the point of view of the farmers who use the product compost to uniformly reduce the water content of all the primary fermentation compost at the outlet of the primary fermentation tank to the level required for compost. It is an over-dried product compost that does not reflect the above, and in terms of facility maintenance, unnecessary waste of energy is wasted due to unnecessary over-drying.
As described above, required properties and moisture conditions are different between the back compost and the product compost, and a rational treatment method that matches the respective properties and moisture conditions has been desired.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above conventional technology, and when various organic resources are composted by aerobic fermentation, each of the dried states suitable for a desired product can be obtained without wasting energy. It is another object of the present invention to provide a horizontal fermenter capable of producing a dry return compost with reduced moisture and a method of operating the same.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, in the present invention, a flat or elliptical horizontal fermentation comprising a side wall, which is constituted by a raw material inlet and a compost outlet, and provided with a stirrer for turning over the deposited composted raw material. In the tank, along the longitudinal direction of the fermenter, a section from the input port to the discharge port of the raw material is vertically divided into a plurality of zones, and any one of the divided longitudinal zones is subjected to fermentation treatment using organic resources as a raw material. And a flat or elliptical horizontal fermenter characterized by using a dry treatment zone for performing fermentation treatment and / or drying treatment using organic resources as raw materials. .
In the flat or elliptical horizontal fermenter, a plurality of zones vertically divided along the longitudinal direction are each divided by blocks in the horizontal direction, and the ventilation floor in each block has ventilation conditions. It is preferable to provide a ventilation means that can be changed respectively, and when the ventilation floor of the flat or elliptical horizontal fermenter is made of a permeable material, a partition is provided on the floor for each block. Good to do.
[0009]
Further, in the present invention, in the operation method of the flat or elliptical horizontal fermenter, the fermentation treatment zone and the drying treatment zone are both subjected to measurement of the state of treatment of sediment for each of the divided blocks, and as a result, Based on the above, by controlling the aeration conditions for each of the blocks, a predetermined fermentation compost is produced in the fermentation treatment zone, and a predetermined fermentation and / or drying-backed dry compost is produced in the drying treatment zone in the drying treatment zone. It is a driving method.
Further, in the operation method of the flat type or elliptical horizontal fermenter, the ventilation to each block, when forcibly applying external heat and ventilation, the air supply method, otherwise, Ventilation can be performed by either an air supply method or an intake method.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the present invention, in a flat or elliptical horizontal fermentation tank, the inside of the tank is vertically divided into a plurality of zones from a raw material input port to a discharge port along a longitudinal direction, and several longitudinally partitioned sections are provided. The optional zone produces fermented compost by fermentation processing of organic resources as a fermentation treatment zone, and the remaining zone in the longitudinal direction performs fermentation treatment and / or drying treatment of organic resources as a drying treatment zone. The purpose of the present invention is to produce dry return compost of a predetermined water content that enables continuous operation of the liquefaction facility.
Hereinafter, the horizontal fermenter of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow configuration diagram showing an example of a horizontal fermenter having a primary fermenter having a fermentation treatment zone and a drying treatment zone. In FIG. 1, the primary fermenter is divided into a primary fermenter for fermentation and a primary fermenter for drying. In the primary fermenter zone for drying, warm air is sent by an air preheater so that the sediment can be dried.
[0011]
For the primary fermenter for fermentation, high-moisture, low organic matter content organic resources, additives and drying are adjusted to the raw material conditions at the time of fermentation tank input in order to perform good aerobic fermentation in the fermenter. The dried back compost produced in the primary fermenter is charged. The mixed raw material supplied to the primary fermentation tank for fermentation is subjected to primary fermentation according to the temperature pattern of aerobic fermentation for about 7 to 14 days of stay, and then discharged as primary fermented compost.
The primary fermenter for drying contains high moisture, organic resources with low organic matter content, additives, and the primary fermenter for drying, in order to produce dried back compost with reduced water required for operation of the primary fermenter for fermentation. The dried back compost produced in the above is put in, and during the same residence time as above, the moisture of the input is reduced by the evaporation of water accompanying the aerobic fermentation of the input and drying with the heated air from the air preheater. Return compost.
[0012]
In the secondary fermentation tank, after receiving the primary fermentation compost discharged from the primary fermentation tank for fermentation, the fermentation is performed for about 28 to 60 days to obtain a product compost.
The flow diagram in FIG. 1 shows a flow in which additives are simultaneously added to the primary fermenter for fermentation. However, the properties of the organic resources to be treated, the amount of treatment, the amount of moisture in the dried back compost, the amount of use, etc. Under the conditions described above, the amount of addition can be made zero.
In addition, as an input to the primary fermenter for drying, the additive and / or the amount of the dried back compost may be reduced to zero, or in an extreme case, only the additive may be input.
Thus, depending on the nature of the organic resources to be treated, the amount of treatment, the amount of additives added, the nature and the raw material conditions at the time of feeding the fermenter, any of the primary fermenter for fermentation and the primary fermenter for drying, Can be arbitrarily changed.
[0013]
FIG. 2 is a flow configuration diagram showing an example of a horizontal fermenter having primary and secondary fermenters having a fermentation treatment zone and a drying treatment zone. In Example 2, the primary fermenter and the secondary fermenter are connected in series. It is the same as FIG. 1 except that it is connected in the longitudinal direction to form an integrated horizontal fermenter.
In the flow diagram of the integrated primary and secondary horizontal fermenters, as in FIG. 1, depending on the properties of the organic resources to be treated, the amount of treatment, the amount of additives used, the properties, and the raw material conditions when the fermenter is charged. The kind of the input to the primary and secondary fermenters for fermentation and the primary and secondary fermenters for drying can be arbitrarily changed.
[0014]
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a primary fermenter in which a paddle type stirring device is installed in a primary fermenter having a fermentation treatment zone and a drying treatment zone in FIG. 1, (a) is a plan view, and (b) is ( (a) is an XX cross-sectional view, (c) is a XY cross-sectional view of (a), and (d) is a ZZ cross-sectional view of (a).
The details of the primary fermenter in which the paddle type stirring device is installed in the horizontal fermenter will be described based on the plan view of FIG.
The horizontal fermenter 1 is divided into two zones in the longitudinal direction from raw material input ports 4Fa, 4Da to discharge ports 4Fb, 4Db, although there is no partition on the fermenter tank floor. The upper side in the longitudinal direction produces a primary fermented compost by fermentation processing of organic resources as the fermentation treatment zone 1F, and the lower side in the longitudinal direction performs fermentation treatment and / or drying treatment of the organic resources as the drying treatment zone 1D. And produce dried back compost.
[0015]
The paddle type stirring device 3 has input ports 4Fa, 4Da and discharge ports 4Fb, 4Db, and is installed in the horizontal fermenter 1 surrounded by the fermenter side walls 1a, 1b. The paddle-type stirring device 3 is provided between a traveling machine 3a that can travel from the outlets 4Fb and 4Db to the inlets 4Fa and 4Da in the horizontal fermenter 1 and the side walls 1a and 1b in the horizontal fermenter 1. An agitating paddle 2a that performs forward rotation is attached to a traversing machine 3b that can traverse. The raw materials and the like put into the horizontal fermenter 1 are turned back and transferred to the rear of the paddle by the forward rotation of the rotating stirring paddle 2a.
The paddle-type stirring device 3 performs an operation of repeatedly traversing and running in the horizontal fermenter 1 in a zigzag manner from the outlets 4Fb, 4Db to the inlets 4Fa, 4Da in a zigzag manner, so that almost all of the input material is horizontal. Without moving, it can be transferred from the input ports 4Fa, 4Da to the discharge ports 4Fb, 4Db.
[0016]
FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX of FIG. 3A, and shows a ventilation state in the fermentation treatment zone 1F. In the fermentation treatment zone 1F, an air intake system is used for ventilation of raw materials and the like charged into the horizontal fermenter.
In the air intake method, fermentation of air containing odors such as ammonia generated by fermentation is performed by inhaling the sediment in the fermentation tank 1F and the aeration floor 21F of the fermentation tank floor by the fermentation processing ventilation fan 22s. Diffusion into the chamber can be reduced. The intake air is sent to the deodorizing device DEO for deodorization.
In the fermentation treatment zone 1F, the aeration floor 21F of the fermenter floor is partitioned in the short-axis direction so that a favorable aerobic fermentation temperature pattern is obtained, so that an optimal intake amount can be set for each block. It has become.
At the upper part of the fermenter chamber, air containing odor is sucked from the fermenter chamber by the deodorizing fan 26 and sent to the deodorizing device DEO for deodorization.
[0017]
FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view taken along the line YY of FIG. 3A, and shows a ventilation state in the drying processing zone 1D.
In the drying treatment zone 1D, in order to produce a dry return compost reduced to a moisture level that allows continuous operation of the composting facility, in the first half 1Df of the drying treatment zone 1D, the raw materials and the like put into the inlet 4Da are usually used. And the moisture of the raw materials is evaporated by the fermentation heat generated by the fermentation. Therefore, in the first half 1Df, air required for fermentation of raw materials and the like is supplied by the suction of the drying-process ventilation fan 23s. In the latter half 1De of the drying zone 1D, since it is necessary to obtain a dry return compost having a predetermined water content or less, the air heated by the air preheater 25 using petroleum or electricity is dried and sent in order to further evaporate the water. The air is supplied to the ventilation floor 21D by the air fan 24. As described above, in the drying treatment zone 1D, predetermined moisture can be evaporated from the deposit by applying external heat energy.
[0018]
From the first half 1Df of the drying zone 1D, the sediment in the fermenter 1D and the air sucked through the ventilation floor 21D of the fermenter floor by the drying aeration fan 23s are supplied to the deodorizer DEO in the same manner as the fermentation zone 1F. To deodorize.
In the first half 1Df of the drying treatment zone 1D, the amount of water evaporation increases when the air is sucked in accordance with a favorable aerobic fermentation temperature pattern. Therefore, the aeration floor 21D of the fermenter floor is partitioned in the short axis direction, and each block is separated. The optimal intake amount can be set for In the latter half 1De, in order to produce a predetermined dry return compost, a zone for sending heated air is divided in a short axis direction, and air can be sent for each block.
Further, air is sucked into the upper part of the fermenter chamber by the deodorizing fan 26 common to the fermentation treatment zone 1F, and is sent to the deodorizing device DEO for deodorization.
In addition, when the moisture of the raw material is high, or when the moisture of the raw material is assumed to fluctuate, the air preheater is supplied from the beginning to all the divided blocks from the first half 1Df to the second half 1De of the drying zone 1D. The equipment shall be designed in consideration of the specifications of the ventilation floor, ventilation pipes, dampers, fans and the like so as to be able to send hot air by the method 25.
[0019]
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram in which a scoop-type stirring device is installed in a primary fermentation tank having a fermentation treatment zone and a drying treatment zone of FIG. 1, (a) is a plan view, and (b) is X in (a). FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view taken along line X-Y, FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view taken along line Y-Y in FIG.
In a horizontal fermenter employing a scoop-type stirring device, the method of aerating the sediment in the fermentation treatment zone 1F is such that the filler 52 filled between the aeration floor 21 of the fermenter floor 20 and the scoop does not solidify. The air is ventilated. In the case of a stirrer other than the paddle type stirrer, such as a scoop, a rotary, a screw, or an auger, the stirrer function and the operation method are the same, so the ventilation method is the air supply method.
[0020]
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram showing an example of a fermentation treatment zone and a drying treatment zone in the latter half of the primary fermenter, where (a) is a plan view and a piping flow, and (b) is an XX cross section of (a). FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view taken along the line YY in FIG. 4A, and FIG. 4D is a cross-sectional view taken along the line ZZ in FIG.
FIG. 5 (a) is a plan view and a piping flow of the fermentation tank floor in the latter half of the primary fermentation tank 1F and the drying treatment zone 1D.
The fermentation zone 1F on the upper side and the drying zone 1D on the lower side are separated by a boundary wall 1f between the fermenter floor 20 and the fermenter bottom 19. In the upper fermentation treatment zone 1F, air sucked by the fermentation treatment ventilating fan 22sb is supplied to the deodorizing device DEO by an intake method. The lower side is a drying treatment zone 1D, and the first half 1Df takes in air by an air intake system in order to perform drying by fermentation treatment. The second half 1De supplies the air heated by the air preheater 25 with the drying air supply fan 24.
Perforated ventilation pipes for intake or air supply are buried in the ventilation floors 21F, 21Df, 21De in the blocks in each zone, and the air volume to be ventilated into the blocks is set outside the fermenter walls 1a, 1b. The fermentation damper 35 and the drying dampers 39e and 39f can be controlled for each block.
[0021]
The position of the boundary wall 1f is one in the fermentation tank in FIG. 5, and the fermentation treatment zone 1F and the drying treatment zone 1D are divided at a roughly 2: 1 position. If the conditions of (1) and (2) change the fermentation tank width of the fermentation treatment zone 1F more depending on the presence or absence of additives, and conversely, the fermentation tank width of the drying treatment zone 1D may be increased, Therefore, the boundary wall 1f is installed in two places in the longitudinal direction in the fermenter, so that it is divided into three blocks in the longitudinal direction. Thereby, the upper two blocks are the fermentation treatment zone 1F and the lower one block is the drying treatment zone 1D, or the upper one block is the fermentation treatment zone 1F and the lower two blocks are the drying treatment zone 1D. And one block at the center can be used for either the fermentation treatment zone 1F or the drying treatment zone 1D. In this case, it is necessary to install a ventilation pipe, a damper, a fan, an air preheater, and the like in one block in the center so that any of the intake and air supply methods is possible.
[0022]
In addition, the horizontal section of the fermenter is usually divided equally in accordance with the number of fermentation days in the fermenter, but the number of the sections, the longitudinal length of each section, the divided block The arrangement of the ventilation pipes, the number of ventilation pipes, and the like are set in the fermentation treatment zone so that the amount of ventilation air can be easily controlled in accordance with the fermentation temperature pattern in order to perform good aerobic fermentation.
As the number of sections is larger, finer airflow control can be performed for each block as the number is larger. However, from the experience of the inventors, if the number of residence days in the primary fermenter is 10 days, That is, by dividing the air into five blocks and controlling the amount of ventilation air, a fermentation temperature matching the optimum temperature pattern could be achieved.
In the drying treatment zone 1D, both the ventilation air volume and the ventilation temperature can be freely selected. Therefore, the width of the block in the lateral direction of the fermenter is narrower than that of the fermentation treatment zone 1F, and the block width is smaller than that of the floor having a smaller block area. Ventilation of high-temperature air is reasonable for ventilation equipment.
[0023]
Also, in FIG. 5, the fermentation treatment part of the first half 1Df of the fermentation treatment zone 1F and the drying treatment zone 1D employs the air intake method. In order to use the ventilation fan 22sb as an air supply fan, a two-dot chain line fermentation processing bypass ventilation pipe 40 is adopted, the fermentation processing dampers 42s and 42b are opened, and the fermentation processing damper 34 is closed. Also, in the first half 1Df of the drying processing zone 1D, in the case of using the air supply method, the drying processing bypass ventilation pipe 41 of a two-dot chain line is employed similarly to the above, and the drying processing dampers 43s and 43b are opened and dried. If the processing damper 38f is closed, air supply can be performed.
FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX of FIG. 5A and shows a cross section of the aeration bed in the fermentation treatment zone.
In FIG. 5 (b), a filler 52 such as rice hulls or sawdust is packed between the sediment 51 in the fermentation treatment zone 1F and the aeration floor 21F, and the tip of the rotary paddle is placed in the fermenter bed when the paddle type stirring device is operated. It does not come into contact with the surface 20.
[0024]
The air required for the aerobic fermentation of the sediment is sucked in by the fermentation treatment ventilation pipe 33 in the suction method. The fermentation treatment ventilation pipe 33 buried in the ventilation floor 21F uses a 50A to 100A vinyl chloride pipe or a heat-resistant vinyl chloride pipe. The 5 to 10 mm ventilation holes formed in the fermentation treatment ventilation pipe 33 are often formed by drilling or using existing perforated pipes. In order to prevent clogging, the positions of the ventilation holes are directed toward the bottom surface 19 of the fermenter, and the opening pitch in the longitudinal direction of the ventilation holes is 10 to 15 cm. In addition, by installing the vent hole on the side of the fermentation tank bottom surface 19, the supersaturated steam of 40 to 70 ° C. sucked in at the time of inhalation is condensed, and prevents the condensed water from accumulating in the fermentation treatment ventilation pipe 33. Plays a role. The burying pitch P1 in the planar direction of the fermentation treatment ventilation pipe 33 is buried at an interval of 1.0 to 1.5 m. Further, the ventilation floor 21F around the fermentation treatment ventilation pipe 33 is filled with an inorganic substance 53 such as gravel or zeolite of about 5 to 30 mm whose properties do not change for a long time.
[0025]
From the experience of the present inventors, in the air feeding method, in the block near the input port, leaching water due to compaction of raw materials and the like and fermentation water generated due to partial fermentation are generated, In the block (3), the surplus of humidification water added to the sediment to generate fermentation water and fermentation was generated. In addition, in the air intake method, dew water was generated in all the blocks of the primary fermentation tank because air containing supersaturated steam generated during fermentation was inhaled.
From these, when the floor of the fermenter is partitioned by blocks, the leachate, fermentation water, humidification water, dew condensation, etc. that accumulate between the blocks are discharged out of the fermenter in order to discharge the fermenter. It is essential to provide a water gradient or a drainage groove in the tank bottom part 19, and to install a drainage port in the boundary walls 31F and 31D penetrating the partition part.
For this reason, the concrete floor of each fermenter bottom surface 19 is provided with a block in order to discharge dew condensation and the like accumulated in the boundary walls 31F and 31D installed in the lateral direction of the fermenter floor 19 outside the block. In the fermenter floor 19 inside, a water gradient of about 1/50 or a drainage groove of 1/50 to 1/100 is provided, and the intake air and air supply air do not pass as much as possible in one corner of the boundary walls 31F, 31D, and A drain port having a size of about 50 to 100 mm square that can discharge only dew water and the like to another block is required.
[0026]
FIG. 5 (c) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line YY of FIG. 5 (a), and shows a cross section in another direction of the aerated floor 21F of the fermentation treatment zone 1F.
The air required for the aerobic fermentation of the raw material is supplied by a fermentation process ventilation pipe 33 from the outside of the side wall 1a of the fermentation tank by an intake method.
Conventionally, a ventilated bed 21F was provided to the fermenter wall inner side 1as end of the fermenter side wall 1a. However, according to the experience of the present inventors, in the case of either the intake or air supply method, in the vicinity of the fermenter wall inner side 1as. Since the airflow resistance is smaller than that of the deposit layer 51, a blow-in phenomenon of the intake air or the supply air occurs. As a result, the temperature of the sediment near 1 as inside the fermenter wall was low.
Therefore, as the shape of the side wall of the fermenter on the fermenter floor, the end of the aeration bed 21F is preferably separated from the fermenter wall inner side 1as by L1 by at least 30 cm, and preferably by about 50 cm. By separating the aerated floor 21F from the fermenter wall 1a, the blow-through of the air is eliminated, so that the temperature of the sediment on the inner side 1as portion of the fermenter wall is lower than that of the sediment in the central part of the fermenter. This has been eliminated, and the air has been sent uniformly throughout the fermenter. However, if the dimension L1 is too wide, the sediment deposited in the lower corner of the inner side 1as of the fermenter wall becomes anaerobic, and therefore, in the primary fermenter, it is necessary to perform turning over once every 1 to 2 days. There is.
[0027]
FIG. 5D is a cross-sectional view taken along the line Z-Z in FIG. 5A and shows a cross section of the ventilation floor in the drying treatment zone.
In the drying treatment zone, the air heated to a high temperature by the heating of the air preheater 25 is supplied to the sediment by the drying treatment air supply fan 24 to evaporate moisture from the sediment, but in order to reduce the amount of external energy used. In order to reduce heat loss, the ventilation floor 21De has a structure in which the ventilation floor 21De is not filled with gravel or the like, and the punching metal 55 is provided above the fermenter floor 20.
As the material of the punching metal 55, a stainless steel plate, which is a corrosion-resistant material, is used because the pH of the deposited raw material becomes acidic due to decay or becomes alkaline due to the generation of ammonia accompanying aerobic fermentation. The hole diameter of the punching metal 55 is set to a hole diameter of 10 to 20 mm so that rice hulls and sawdust in the filling 52 do not drop to the ventilation floor 21De.
In addition, in order to withstand the reaction force received at the time of stirring from a sediment or a stirrer with a sediment of 1 to 2 m only with a punching metal having a hole diameter of 10 to 20 mm, a thickness of about 9 mm is required as a plate thickness. Under the punched metal 55s having holes, a punched metal 55c having a thickness of about 5 to 10 mm, which is obtained by applying zinc plating or corrosion-resistant coating to carbon steel having a hole diameter of 50 to 75 mm, is used.
[0028]
In addition, by forming a block at a right angle in the longitudinal direction of the drying treatment zone 1D and dividing it into blocks, in the short axis direction in the fermentation tank, that is, in the case where it is desired to perform the optimal ventilation airflow and drying every elapse of the fermentation days, the drying Air required for the ventilation and the ventilation temperature or the ventilation humidity can be supplied.
In addition, in the ventilated floor system, the ventilation air volume, ventilation temperature and ventilation humidity are controlled by measuring the temperature of the sediment deposited in the block, the concentration of gas such as moisture, oxygen, carbon dioxide and ammonia, etc. on the side wall of the fermenter. A sensor for measurement is inserted into the sediment from the mouth, or the sensor is mounted on a stirring device moving on the upper part of the fermenter, and the sensor is appropriately inserted into the sediment in the fermenter for detection. Based on the measured data, a method of controlling the amount of ventilation air, the ventilation temperature, the ventilation humidity, and the like into each block is performed. The ventilation air volume control controls the ventilation air volume, ventilation temperature, etc. for each block, so that the temperature pattern in the fermenter such as raw materials approaches the optimal fermentation temperature pattern for aerobic fermentation, and adjusts to the temperature pattern. The control is performed by repeatedly starting and stopping the ventilation fan or a combination thereof.
[0029]
FIG. 6 is another example of a plan view of the structure of the fermenter floor including the aeration flow.
In this flow, all the floor surfaces 21Dfd and 21De in the drying processing zone 1D are made of a punching metal system, the materials of the drying processing ventilation pipes 36f and 39fd are made of a material resistant to hot air, and the air volume of the drying processing air supply fan 24 is increased. Is performed, and the drying damper 44b is opened and the drying damper 44s is closed, so that hot air can be sent from all floor surfaces of the drying processing zone 1D.
Thus, the structure of the floor of the drying zone 1D, the material of the drying ventilation pipes 36f, 39fd, the heat capacity generated by the drying air supply fan 24 and the air preheater 25, and the like can be sent from the entire surface of the drying zone 1D. If the design and construction are performed, the operation method of the drying treatment zone 1D can be arbitrarily changed to a fermentation treatment main body, a drying treatment main body, or the like in accordance with the fluctuation of the raw material and the like and the fluctuation of the operation condition.
[0030]
In the present description, the description has been made mainly on the basis of the flat horizontal fermenter. However, as the type of the horizontal fermenter, there is also an elliptical horizontal fermenter which performs a composting process endlessly. In the elliptical horizontal fermenter, the input port and the discharge port of the flat horizontal fermenter are attached to make it endless, and the return compost can be recycled without discharging to the outside of the fermenter. Similarly, the longitudinal direction of the elliptical horizontal fermenter is divided into two zones in the same manner as a lane of a competition track, and the outside of the separated zone is used as a fermentation treatment zone to perform fermentation treatment using organic resources as a raw material. As a result, the inside lane can be used as a drying treatment zone to produce a dried back compost using organic resources as a raw material.
Also in the elliptical horizontal fermenter, the multi-zone system, raw material charging system, aeration / drying system and the like in the flat horizontal fermenter described above can be applied mutatis mutandis.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
Conventionally, in the case of fermenting organic resources such as garbage, sludge, animal dung, etc. with high moisture and low organic matter content in a composting facility, return compost with reduced water required to operate the composting facility Because of the necessity of securing the fermentation tank, heated air from an external heat source was supplied to the outlet of the fermenter to dry all the fermentation compost, so that the fermentation compost that became a product that did not need to be reduced in moisture was dried.
In the present invention, in a flat or elliptical horizontal fermenter in which a stirrer such as a paddle type is installed and composted, an organic resource is used as a raw material as a fermentation zone from an input port to a discharge port of the raw material in the longitudinal direction. By performing fermentation treatment and performing fermentation treatment or drying treatment of organic resources with the remaining longitudinal zone as a drying treatment zone, it is possible to dry only the sediment used as return compost, and waste energy Operation management without complications can be performed, and the management of composting facilities can make a great contribution.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flow configuration diagram showing an example of a horizontal fermenter having a primary fermenter having a fermentation treatment zone and a drying treatment zone according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow configuration diagram showing an example of a horizontal fermenter having primary and secondary fermenters having a fermentation treatment zone and a drying treatment zone according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional configuration view of a primary fermenter in which a paddle type stirring device having a fermentation treatment zone and a drying treatment zone of the present invention is installed, (a) is a plan view, (b) is an X- line of (a). X sectional view, (c) is a YZ sectional view of (a), (d) is a ZZ sectional view of (a).
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional configuration view of a primary fermentation tank provided with a scoop-type stirring device having a fermentation treatment zone and a drying treatment zone of the present invention, wherein (a) is a plan view and (b) is XX of (a). FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view, FIG. 4C is a YZ cross-sectional view of FIG. 4A, and FIG.
FIGS. 5A and 5B are sectional configuration diagrams of a fermentation treatment zone and a drying treatment zone in the latter half of the primary fermenter of the present invention, wherein FIG. 5A is a plan view and a piping flow, and FIG. (C) is a YZ sectional view of (a), and (d) is a ZZ sectional view of (a).
FIG. 6 is a plan view and a piping flow configuration diagram of a fermentation treatment zone and a drying treatment zone in the latter half of a primary fermenter of another example of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a flow configuration diagram of an example of a composting facility for composting a known organic resource having a low moisture content and a high organic matter content.
FIG. 8 is a flow configuration diagram of an example of a composting facility for composting a known organic resource having a high water content and a low organic matter content.
FIG. 9 is a flow configuration diagram of another example of a composting facility for composting a known organic resource having a high moisture content and a low organic matter content.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: fermentation tank, 1F: fermentation treatment zone, 1D: drying treatment zone, 1Df: drying treatment zone first half, 1De: drying treatment zone second half, 1a, 1b: fermentation tank side wall, 1as, 1bs: inside of fermentation tank wall, 2a: stirring paddle, 2b: stirring scoop, 3: stirring device, 3a: traveling machine, 3b: traversing machine, 4Fa, 4Da: input port, 4Fb, 4Db: discharge port, 5: return passage, 6: return door , 19: Fermentation tank bottom surface, 20: Fermentation tank floor surface, 21F, 21D, 21Df, 21De: Vent floor, 22s, 22b, 22sb: Fermentation treatment ventilation fan, 23s, 23b, 23sb: Drying treatment ventilation fan, 24: Drying Processing air supply fan, 25: Air preheater, 26: Deodorizing fan, 1f, 31F, 31D: Boundary wall, 32, 33: Fermentation treatment ventilation pipe, 34, 35, 42b, 42s: Fermentation treatment air , 36f, 36d, 37f, 37d, 39fd: Drying treatment ventilation pipe, 38f, 39f, 39e, 43s, 43b, 44b, 44s: Drying treatment damper, 40: Fermentation treatment bypass ventilation pipe, 41: Drying treatment bypass ventilation pipe , 51: sediment, 52: filling, 53: gravel, zeolite, 54: concrete, 55, 55s, 55c: punching metal, DEO: deodorizing device

Claims (5)

In a flat or elliptical horizontal fermenter having a side wall and comprising a raw material input port and a compost discharge port and provided with a stirring device for turning over the deposited composted raw material, along the longitudinal direction of the fermenter The raw material input port to the discharge port are vertically divided into a plurality of zones, and any of the separated zones in the longitudinal direction is a fermentation treatment zone for performing fermentation treatment using an organic resource as a raw material, and the remaining zones are organic. A flat or elliptical horizontal fermenter comprising a drying zone in which fermentation and / or drying is performed using raw materials as raw materials. The plurality of zones vertically divided along the longitudinal direction are each divided into blocks by blocks in the horizontal direction, and a ventilation means capable of changing ventilation conditions is installed on a ventilation floor in each block. The flat or elliptical horizontal fermenter according to claim 1. The flat or elliptical horizontal fermenter according to claim 2, wherein when the ventilation floor is made of a breathable material, partitions are provided on the floor for each block. The method for operating a flat or elliptical horizontal fermenter according to claim 2 or 3, wherein both the fermentation zone and the drying zone measure the processing state of the sediment for each of the divided blocks, and as a result, Based on the above, by controlling the ventilation conditions for each of the blocks, a predetermined fermentation compost is produced in the fermentation treatment zone, and a predetermined fermentation and / or drying-backed compost is dried in the drying treatment zone. A method of operating a flat or elliptical horizontal fermenter. When the ventilation to each block is performed by forcibly applying external heat and performing ventilation, the ventilation is performed by an air supply method. In other cases, the ventilation is performed by the air supply method or the intake method. The method for operating a flat or elliptical horizontal fermenter according to claim 4, characterized in that:

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