JP2004334231A - Method for scattering fine particle, method for manufacturing liquid crystal display, apparatus for scattering fine particle, and liquid crystal display - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device with high contrast and high display uniformity by placing spacers between electrodes without sacrificing an opening ratio, further placing the spacers on a substrate without unevenness and making cell thickness uniform on the whole area of the substrate, and to provide an apparatus for scattering fine particles and the liquid crystal display. <P>SOLUTION: In the method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display, the spacers are sprayed on at least one substrate out of a first substrate constructed with at least a patterned transparent substrate and an alignment layer and having a display region, and a second substrate placed opposite to the first substrate and a liquid crystal is injected into the gap between both substrates. When spraying the spacers with positive or negative charge on the substrate, the substrate is placed in close contact on a grounded conductive stage, a voltage with the same polarity as that of the charge of the spacers is applied to the transparent electrode on the substrate, an electric conductor electrically insulated from the conductive stage is mounted outside the display region and an electric field which is nearly equal to that inside the substrate is also formed outside the substrate by applying a voltage with the same polarity as that of the voltage applied to the transparent electrode to the electric conductor. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

The present invention relates to a method for scattering fine particles, a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, a fine particle scattering device, and a liquid crystal display device.

With the development of electronic technology, fine particles have been widely used in various fields. Examples of such fine particles include fine particles applied to spacers of a liquid crystal display device and the like.

As one application field of such fine particles, for example, liquid crystal display devices are widely used in personal computers, portable electronic devices, and the like. As shown in FIG. 75, the liquid crystal display device generally has a liquid crystal 7 sandwiched between a pair of insulating substrates 1 on which a color filter 4, a black matrix 5, a transparent electrode 3, an alignment film 9, and the like are formed.

Here, since the distance between the pair of insulating substrates 1, that is, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, affects the light transmittance, good display is achieved unless the distance is kept constant over the entire display area of the liquid crystal display device. Can't do it. For this reason, conventionally, a spacer 8 such as a glass fiber or a spherical plastic bead is disposed between a pair of insulating substrates so that the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is kept constant over the entire display region.

These spacers are sprayed (dry spraying) by blowing out from a nozzle together with a compressed gas after forming an alignment film, for example, or sprayed by mixing with a volatile liquid and spraying the liquid. (Wet spraying) and uniformly dispersed on the alignment film. Thereafter, a pair of insulating substrates is attached to each other, and a liquid crystal such as a nematic liquid crystal is filled between the pair of substrates in a state where the spacer is held between the pair of insulating substrates.

However, when the spacer is arranged on the pixel electrode in the display area, light leaks from the spacer, which substantially reduces the aperture ratio, and causes a problem that display unevenness or contrast is reduced.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, it is necessary to dispose the spacer only in the electrode gap as the non-display portion, that is, only in the black matrix portion as the light shielding film. The black matrix is provided to improve the display contrast of the liquid crystal display device or, in the case of a TFT type liquid crystal display device, to prevent the element from malfunctioning due to external light.

In a TFT type liquid crystal display device, as a technique of arranging a spacer in a black matrix portion, that is, a portion other than a display pixel of the liquid crystal display device, Patent Document 1 discloses that a gate electrode and a drain electrode are kept at the same potential when the spacer is dispersed. A method for doing so is disclosed. Patent Document 2 discloses a method in which a positive voltage is applied to a wiring electrode, a spacer is negatively charged, and the spacer is sprayed dry. These techniques attempt to control the arrangement of spacers by applying a voltage to an electrode formed on a substrate.

However, when a voltage for controlling the arrangement of the spacers is applied to a substrate on which a thin film transistor (TFT) is formed, the element is destroyed by the voltage, and there is a problem that a function as a liquid crystal display device cannot be performed. Was.

Further, in the STN-type liquid crystal display device, since the position corresponding to the black matrix is a gap between the transparent electrodes, there is a problem that the above-described technique cannot be used.

On the other hand, Patent Literature 3 and Patent Literature 4 disclose a technique for arranging a spacer in an electrode gap of a substrate having a stripe-shaped transparent electrode formed by arranging a plurality of linear transparent electrodes in parallel like an STN liquid crystal display device. Discloses a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device in which a spacer is charged to either positive or negative when a spacer is sprayed, and a voltage having the same polarity as the spacer is applied to a linear transparent electrode of a substrate.

In particular, in Patent Literature 4, in the spraying device, a lead wire that can apply a positive voltage is disposed below the electrode substrate in order to control the falling speed of the negatively charged spacer particles. Further, it is disclosed that the container is formed of a conductor so that a negative voltage can be applied in order to prevent the negatively charged spacer particles from adhering to the wall of the spraying device container.

However, in these methods, when the charge amount of the spacer and / or the voltage value applied to the electrode is set small (voltage value: about 1000 V or less), the repulsive force (repulsive force) between the spacer and the electrode is weak, and the spacer is placed between the electrode. In this case, the force for moving the spacers is insufficient, and the selective arrangement of the spacers in a region without electrodes (between the electrodes) is poor. As shown in FIG. 76, a large number of spacers are disposed on the electrodes.

Conversely, as the charge amount of the spacer and / or the voltage value applied to the electrode is increased (voltage value: about several thousands V), the repulsive force between the spacer and the electrode is increased, and as shown in FIG. The selective arrangement of the spacer in the region (between the electrodes) where there is no gap is improved.

However, also in this case, since the repulsive force acts more strongly on the electrode group, the spacer tends to be pushed out of the electrode group region, and as a result, no spacer is arranged at the end of the electrode group, so that The cell thickness of the part cannot be controlled. Such a phenomenon occurs even at the stage where the repulsion is weak. However, the problem that the non-arranged region of the spacer increases as the repulsion increases becomes significant.

In Patent Document 5, as a method of arranging spacers with higher selectivity than the above-described method, spacers to be sprayed are charged to either positive or negative polarity and provided in a region on the insulating substrate where the spacers are to be arranged. By applying a voltage having a polarity opposite to that of the spacer to the first electrode and a voltage having the same polarity as that of the spacer to a second electrode provided in a region where the spacer is not disposed on the insulating substrate, A method is disclosed in which a repulsive force and an attractive force are generated between the two electrodes, and the spacer is selectively disposed on one of the electrodes.

However, this method has a problem that the contrast is reduced due to the presence of the spacer on the electrode. Further, when this method is used for a simple matrix type liquid crystal display device, an electrode for spacer arrangement must be formed in addition to the pixel electrode, and there is a problem that the aperture ratio is reduced accordingly.

JP-A-4-256925 JP-A-5-61052 JP-A-3-293328 JP-A-4-204417 JP-A-8-76132

In view of the above situation, the present invention provides a method for dispersing fine particles capable of disposing a predetermined amount of fine particles on a desired electrode, and in particular, to a substrate comprising a pattern-shaped transparent electrode used in a liquid crystal display device. In contrast, the present invention provides a fine particle dispersing method capable of selectively dispersing the spacer between the electrodes, and the spacer can be disposed between the electrodes without sacrificing the aperture ratio. To provide a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device having high contrast and high display uniformity, a fine particle scattering device, and a liquid crystal display device which can be arranged on a substrate without unevenness and can make the cell thickness uniform over the entire substrate. With the goal.

A first aspect of the present invention is a method for dispersing fine particles, which comprises applying a voltage having the same polarity as the charged polarity of the fine particles to a plurality of electrodes formed on a substrate, and spraying the fine particles using a repulsive force acting on the fine particles. And a means for preventing the fine particles from being extruded from the electrode region including the plurality of electrodes.

Examples of the substrate include a glass substrate, a resin substrate, and a metal substrate having a plurality of electrodes on its surface, and the shape of the substrate, film, or the like is not particularly limited. However, when a metal substrate is used, it is necessary to provide an insulating layer on the metal substrate so that an electrode formed on the surface is not short-circuited.

The above-mentioned electrode is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a transparent electrode and a linear transparent electrode (linear transparent electrode). Examples of the substrate on which the plurality of electrodes are formed include a substrate composed of patterned transparent electrodes. Examples of the substrate composed of the patterned transparent electrodes include a substrate formed with stripe-shaped electrodes formed by arranging linear transparent electrodes in parallel. The above-mentioned striped electrodes are used as so-called display electrodes in a liquid crystal display device. The electrode region including the plurality of electrodes is a region where an electrode group including a plurality of electrodes is formed. When the plurality of electrodes are used as display electrodes, the electrode region is a display electrode region. In the liquid crystal display device, an area for performing display among the areas where the display electrodes are formed is called a display area.

Further, when the fine particle scattering method is used as a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, as the substrate, for example, a black matrix, a color filter, an overcoat layer, a color filter substrate having a patterned transparent electrode and an alignment film, Examples include a substrate having a black matrix, an overcoat layer, a patterned transparent electrode, and an alignment film.The substrate on which the spacers are scattered is a substrate having a color filter or a substrate facing the substrate. Is also good.

Therefore, when the above-described method of dispersing fine particles is applied to a method of manufacturing an STN liquid crystal display device, a common electrode (scanning electrode) substrate or a segment electrode (display electrode) may be used as long as the substrate has at least a patterned transparent electrode. It can be applied to any of the substrates.

The fine particles are not particularly limited, and include, for example, metal fine particles; synthetic resin fine particles; inorganic fine particles; light-shielding fine particles in which a pigment is dispersed in a synthetic resin; fine particles colored with a dye; Fine particles: fine particles whose surfaces are plated with metal, such as metal fine particles, synthetic resin fine particles and inorganic fine particles, are used as spacers in liquid crystal display devices. The spacer is for adjusting the cell thickness in the liquid crystal display device.

The method of spraying the fine particles may be any of a dry spraying method and a wet spraying method. In the above wet spraying method, fine particles are dispersed and dispersed in a mixed solvent such as water or alcohol. Even in this case, the fine particles are charged, so that the effect of the first invention is not impaired. However, dry spraying is preferable because dry spraying has a more stable charge amount.

In the dry spraying method, examples of the method for charging the fine particles include a method in which the fine particles are charged by repeating contact with a pipe, a method in which a voltage is applied to the fine particles, and the like. Among these, the fine particles are stably charged by passing the fine particles through the pipe with a medium such as compressed air or compressed nitrogen. In this case, from the viewpoint of charging the fine particles and preventing adhesion of moisture to the substrate, the gas as the medium is preferably in a dry state where the moisture content is as small as possible.

The material of the pipe may be made of metal or resin, and is appropriately selected in relation to the charge polarity and charge amount of the fine particles.
The metal pipe is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a pipe having a single composition such as nickel, copper, aluminum, and titanium; and a pipe made of an alloy such as stainless steel. Further, a pipe formed by forming a metal coating such as gold or chromium on the inner wall of the pipe by plating or the like may be used.

The resin pipe is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, pipes made of Teflon, vinyl chloride, nylon, and the like.In order to obtain stable electrification, these resin pipes are coated with a metal, It must be grounded. This is because charges enter and exit by contact between the fine particles and the pipe, but if not grounded, the charges remain in the resin pipe, and stable charging cannot be obtained.
Further, in order to adjust the charge amount of the fine particles, pipes made of different materials may be connected in series.

When the polarity of the charged fine particles and the plurality of electrodes to which the voltage is applied on the substrate is simply made to be the same during the dispersion of the fine particles, for example, the charged polarity of the fine particles is set to positive (+), and the plurality of electrodes are charged. When the polarity of the applied voltage is also positive (+), the total number of fine particles scattered on the substrate becomes smaller than when no voltage is applied to the plurality of electrodes, and becomes stable.

However, repulsion does not act at the edge of the substrate where there is no plurality of electrodes, so that particles near the outer periphery of the substrate are blown out of the substrate. Therefore, a sufficient number of fine particles do not exist in the outer peripheral portion of the region composed of a plurality of electrodes, and this is applied to a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device. When a spacer is used as the fine particles, the cell thickness of the liquid crystal display device is reduced. There is a possibility that the display size becomes small and display unevenness occurs.

In this case, when manufacturing the liquid crystal display device, a process of applying a constant load to the liquid crystal display device is performed. At this time, if the number of spacers is uneven in a part of the substrate, the load applied per spacer is increased. Therefore, the distortion of the spacer changes, the cell thickness changes, and the display of the liquid crystal display device becomes non-uniform.

The cause of the increase or decrease in the number of fine particles near the outer periphery of the region including the plurality of electrodes will be described with reference to the case where the present invention is applied to a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device. As shown in FIG. Is applied to the pattern-shaped transparent electrode to place the spacer in the gap between the transparent electrodes, a force (repulsive force) acts to repel the falling spacer from the display area to the outside of the display area. In the vicinity of the outer periphery of the display area, since there is no repulsive force on the substrate outside the area composed of the transparent electrode, the fine particles to be arranged on the outer periphery of the display area escape to the outside, or When the outer area is large, the fine particles are scattered intensively in the area outside the display area.

Therefore, the first method of spraying fine particles of the present invention is to apply a voltage having the same polarity as the charging polarity of the fine particles to a plurality of electrodes formed on the substrate, and to spray the fine particles by using a repulsive force acting on the fine particles. A method for dispersing fine particles, comprising means for preventing the fine particles from being extruded from the electrode region including the plurality of electrodes.

In particular, even when the charge amount of the fine particles and / or the voltage value applied to the plurality of electrodes are increased in order to improve the selective arrangement in the electrode gap, the fine particles are not extruded from the electrode region including the plurality of electrodes. Therefore, the fine particles are scattered between the electrodes at the end of the electrode region including a plurality of electrodes.

The fine particle scattering method, the dummy electrode is provided outside the electrode region consisting of the plurality of electrodes, by applying a voltage of the same polarity as the fine particles to the dummy electrode, the electric field of the outer peripheral portion of the electrode region consisting of a plurality of electrodes It is preferable to control.

Therefore, it is possible to apply a voltage having the same polarity as the fine particles to the dummy electrode, control the electric field by adjusting the voltage, apply a repulsive force to the fine particles, and push back the fine particles that are about to be pushed out of the electrode region including the plurality of electrodes. This allows the fine particles to be scattered and arranged between the electrodes at the end of the electrode region including a plurality of electrodes.

Further, depending on the adjustment of the voltage applied to the dummy electrode, the arrangement density of the fine particles can be controlled. That is, by applying a voltage to the dummy electrode as well, it becomes possible to correct a macro electric field bias at the end of the electrode region including a plurality of electrodes.

Further, by adjusting the voltage applied to the dummy electrode, it is possible to intentionally control the amount of fine particles arranged at the end of the electrode region including a plurality of electrodes, and the first invention is applied to a liquid crystal display device. This makes it possible to adjust the cell thickness at the end of the electrode region including the plurality of electrodes (near the seal portion).

Examples of the dummy electrode include a conductive electrode disposed outside an electrode region (electrode group) including a plurality of electrodes, and include, for example, those described below, but are not limited thereto. It is not necessary to perform the process, and the dummy electrode appropriately used can be effectively used.

JP-A-63-266427 is provided for the purpose of improving the quality of a display portion of the same color as a background color by eliminating the color unevenness due to a gap failure between substrates in the same state as the display electrode forming portion. A dummy electrode to which no display voltage is applied is disclosed.

The dummy electrode is provided between the display electrode and the seal portion by forming a stripe-shaped display electrode made of a transparent conductive material such as ITO on the upper substrate and forming a seal portion on an outer peripheral portion of the upper substrate. Thereby, the space between the display unit and the seal unit is in the same state as the display unit.

If the dummy electrode is formed at the same time as the display electrode, the same material can be used and the dummy electrode can have the same thickness, but no display voltage (signal voltage) is applied. On the lower substrate, a dummy electrode is formed between the display electrode and the seal portion, similarly to the upper substrate.

JP-A-2-301724 discloses a transparent electrode (dummy electrode) provided for the purpose of manufacturing a liquid crystal panel having a uniform liquid crystal thickness.
Of the dummy electrodes provided on the upper substrate and the lower substrate, the dummy electrodes provided on the upper substrate face the dummy electrodes of the lower substrate on the left side and the lower side of the non-display area, and form the display area on the upper side. It faces the transparent electrode. On the right side of the non-display area, the dummy electrode on the lower substrate and the transparent electrode on the upper substrate face each other.

Therefore, the transparent electrodes face each other in all the non-display areas. This makes it possible to obtain a uniform liquid crystal panel in which all regions have a liquid crystal layer thickness determined by the diameter of the gap material.

JP-A-3-260624 discloses that after a rubbing process, a dummy electrode is cut to prevent generation of static electricity during a rubbing process. A dummy electrode provided with an interval of 1 to 5 μm is disclosed.

In a dot matrix type liquid crystal device in which a dummy electrode is provided with a segment electrode and a common electrode made of a transparent electrode layer on a pair of substrates, and a liquid crystal is sandwiched between substrates further provided with an alignment film layer on each electrode layer. Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal device having high display quality by preventing the alignment film layer from being broken by static electricity.

That is, by providing a dummy electrode at a position surrounding the segment electrode on the substrate so that the distance between the segment electrode and the dummy electrode is in the range of 1 to 5 μm, the generation of static electricity between the segment electrodes during the rubbing process is reduced. By removing the dummy electrode after the rubbing treatment, a liquid crystal display device having no display unevenness can be obtained.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-51332 discloses a dummy electrode provided in a matrix type liquid crystal device for the purpose of eliminating color unevenness in a lead electrode portion which is an outer portion other than a pixel portion.
The dummy electrode is provided so that the outside of the pixel portion has the same thickness as the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the pixel portion.

The dummy electrode is generally formed outside the display area of the substrate in order to prevent the alignment film from being damaged by sparks caused by static electricity in the manufacturing process of the STN liquid crystal display device. You may. For example, when two display substrates each having a stripe-shaped transparent electrode are manufactured from one substrate, they are provided around the display region as shown in FIGS. FIG. 2 shows the case where the dummy electrode has conduction, and FIG. 3 shows the case where the dummy electrode has no conduction.

In the fine particle scattering method, it is preferable that the voltage applied to the plurality of electrodes is 500 to 8000 V.
By controlling the applied voltage, the repulsive force acting between the fine particles and the electrodes is increased, the selectivity between the electrodes is improved, and the fine particles are pushed out of the electrode region including the plurality of electrodes. Instead, the fine particles are scattered with good disposition even at the end of the electrode region including the plurality of electrodes.

In the fine particle scattering method of the first aspect of the present invention, a voltage having the same polarity as the fine particles is applied to an electrode different from the plurality of electrodes on at least a part of an outer peripheral portion of the electrode region including the plurality of electrodes on the substrate. Is preferred.

Here, the dummy electrode, which is an electrode different from the plurality of electrodes, is formed on the substrate on which the plurality of electrodes are formed, and regardless of the setting position of the substrate on the fine particle scattering apparatus, the dummy electrode is always provided on the substrate. Acts so as to eliminate the bias of the electric field created by the electrodes. Further, since a plurality of electrodes and dummy electrodes are formed on the substrate, it is not necessary to change the setting of the fine particle scattering apparatus due to the difference in the size of the substrate or the voltage applied to the electrodes, which is industrially advantageous.

In the fine particle scattering method of the first aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that an electrode different from the plurality of electrodes is provided on an outer peripheral portion other than the auxiliary electrodes for applying a voltage to the plurality of electrodes.

For example, when the plurality of electrodes are stripe-shaped electrodes, an auxiliary electrode (solid electrode) for applying a voltage to the electrode is provided at one or both ends of the stripe electrode, and the auxiliary electrode (solid electrode) is provided. ) Corrects the bias of the electric field. Therefore, it is preferable to provide a means for preventing the fine particles from being extruded from the electrode region including a plurality of electrodes, particularly at a portion where the auxiliary electrode is not formed.

In the fine particle scattering method according to the first aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the area of the electrode different from the plurality of electrodes is larger than the area of each of the plurality of electrodes.
That is, by increasing the area of the electrode, the repulsive force acting on the fine particles increases, and by increasing the area of the dummy electrode to each of the plurality of electrodes, a large action of pushing the fine particles back to the electrode region including the plurality of electrodes. Works, and the fine particles are more effectively scattered and arranged between the electrodes at the end of the electrode region including a plurality of electrodes.

In the first method of the present invention, it is preferable that the voltages applied to the plurality of electrodes and the electrodes different from the plurality of electrodes be the same.
For example, if a plurality of electrodes and a dummy electrode are patterned so as to be electrically short-circuited at the time of formation, there is no need to newly provide a wire or the like for applying a voltage to the dummy electrode, and a new voltage is applied to the dummy electrode. It is industrially advantageous because it is not necessary to provide a separate means for applying the pressure.

In the fine particle scattering method of the first aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the electrode different from the plurality of electrodes is a solid electrode provided on the outer peripheral portion of the substrate.
That is, by applying a voltage to a solid electrode (mesh-shaped electrode) on the outer peripheral portion of the substrate provided to eliminate the step, the first present invention can be performed using the conventional design standard without increasing the number of steps. The effect of can be realized.
In this case, any electrode such as a solid electrode, a mesh electrode, and a block electrode may be used as the electrode for applying a voltage to the outside of the electrode region including a plurality of electrodes.

A specific embodiment of the first invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a spacer spraying apparatus used in the first embodiment of the present invention. A nozzle 11a for spraying and spraying the charged spacers 8 is provided at the upper end of a clean container 10 that is closed or close to it. A supply device (not shown) for supplying the spacer 8 and the nitrogen gas is connected to the nozzle 11 a via a pipe 17. An insulating substrate 1 made of glass or the like on which the display electrode 3 is formed is disposed below the container 10, and a conducting wire 18 for applying a voltage to the display electrode 3 to form an electric field is provided. Instead of applying a voltage to the display electrode 3 to form an electric field, the electric field may be formed by the stage (electrode) 15 provided in the spacer spraying device.

Usually, in the manufacture of the liquid crystal display device, the spacer 8 is sprayed by charging an appropriate amount of the spacer 8 by the above-described charging method. In this case, the spacer 8 is negatively charged and scattered by compressed air, compressed nitrogen, or the like. This is performed by spraying on a substrate.

5 and 6 are schematic diagrams showing an electrode pattern according to the first invention. As shown in FIG. 5, a stripe-shaped display electrode 3 and a dummy electrode 21 provided outside the display area and to which a voltage is applied are formed on an insulating substrate 1, and a voltage is applied to each of them. Means (not shown) are provided. As means for applying the voltage, an auxiliary electrode for applying a voltage to the display electrode 3 may be formed, or a voltage may be applied directly to the display electrode 3 using a probe pin or the like for each electrode. It doesn't matter.

Then, as shown in FIG. 6, in the electrode region (display electrode region) including a plurality of electrodes, since the whole (macroscopic) is negatively charged, a repulsive force (solid line) acts on the spacer. The spacer tends to move (run away) outside the display electrode region where no electric field is formed. However, by applying a negative voltage to the dummy electrode 21 as well, the spacer at the end of the display electrode, which easily escapes, can be reliably arranged between the display electrodes.
The solid line in FIG. 6 schematically shows the magnitude of the repulsive force applied to the spacer, and the magnitude of the repulsive force acting on the spacer is indicated by a semicircular “convex upward”. FIG. 6 shows a state in which the charged spacer is moved and arranged in the valley of the repulsive force.

7 and 8 are conceptual diagrams for explaining the movement of the spacer due to the macro electric field formed on the electrode substrate. Since the display electrode section is negatively charged as a whole (macroscopically), in FIG. 8, a repulsive force acts on the spacer, and the spacer tends to be pushed out of the display electrode section where no electric field is formed. I do. Here, as shown in FIG. 7, by applying a negative voltage to the dummy electrode 21, the spacer is pushed back, the spacer is also arranged between predetermined display electrodes at the display electrode end, and the display electrode end and the display electrode The spacer density at the center can be kept at a predetermined density.

In the above embodiment, the method of controlling the electric field by providing the dummy electrodes 21 on the substrate on which the display electrodes are formed has been described. However, a stage or spacer for fixing the substrate on which the display electrodes are formed may be dispersed. There is also a method of obtaining a similar effect by applying a voltage to a device wall or the like. However, when a dummy electrode for controlling an electric field is installed on the base on which the insulating substrate is set or on the wall surface of the fine particle dispersing apparatus, the setting position on the insulating substrate is evenly set from the dummy electrode provided on the other than the insulating substrate. It must be placed in a position, and is not industrially suitable.

Also, when a dummy electrode is provided on the wall surface of the fine particle dispersing device, in a two-chamfered substrate that cuts out two surfaces of a liquid crystal display device from an insulating substrate, the action does not work on a side where the two surfaces are adjacent to each other.
Further, when a dummy electrode is provided outside the insulating substrate, the distance from the display electrode region increases, and it is not industrial because a voltage much higher than that conventionally applied to the electrode needs to be applied to the dummy electrode. .

On the other hand, according to the first aspect of the present invention, by adjusting the voltage applied to the dummy electrode, it is possible to control the density of the spacers arranged on the outer peripheral portion of the display area, and it is also possible to finely adjust the substrate cell thickness by the spacer arrangement density. It becomes possible.

Further, in the above embodiment, the simple matrix type liquid crystal display device is used, but the first invention is not limited to the simple matrix type liquid crystal display device, but may be a ferroelectric liquid crystal display device or a TFT type liquid crystal display device. Naturally, it can be used in a liquid crystal display device such as a device.

In the case of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device by applying the fine particle scattering method according to the first aspect of the present invention, a voltage at which a repulsive force acts on the spacer (fine particles) is applied to an electrode (dummy electrode) outside the display area. The electric field can be formed so as to push back the spacer which is going to move out of the display electrode region by the gradient of the macro electric potential (the gradient of the magnitude of the repulsive force) on the end portion of the display electrode region. Spacers are arranged with high probability even between electrodes that are difficult to arrange, so that a higher-quality liquid crystal display device can be provided. In addition, it is possible to control the density of the spacers arranged on the outer peripheral portion of the display area, and it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display device with higher display quality.

The second aspect of the present invention is to form a spacer on at least one of a first substrate having at least a patterned transparent electrode and having a display region and a second substrate opposed to the first substrate. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, comprising: spraying and injecting a liquid crystal into a gap between both substrates, wherein an additional electrode is provided outside the display area, and the spacer charged to a positive or negative polarity is sprayed on the substrate. In doing so, by applying two or more different voltages to each of the transparent electrodes, and by applying a voltage to the additional electrodes, by controlling the electric field generated above the transparent electrodes and the additional electrodes A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device in which spacers are selectively disposed only between predetermined transparent electrodes among adjacent transparent electrodes.
The pattern-shaped transparent electrode, the substrate, the spacer, and the method of charging the spacer are the same as those described in the first invention.

When the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to the second aspect of the present invention is applied to a method of manufacturing a TFT type liquid crystal display device, the transparent electrode is etched by etching or the like directly under a black matrix portion of a color filter side substrate which is a common electrode substrate. Is formed, and spacers may be arranged on the substrate by the second method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. In a normal TFT-type liquid crystal display device, the common electrode substrate is a solid electrode. However, even if a transparent electrode is etched, the same voltage is applied to each electrode, and the same as in a normal TFT-type liquid crystal display device. It can be driven.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, an additional electrode is provided outside the display area, a spacer is charged and dispersed, and a binary or more different voltage is applied to each transparent electrode, and a voltage is also applied to the additional electrode. By controlling the electric field generated above the transparent electrode and the attached electrode, the repulsive or attractive force acting on the charged spacer or the repulsive and attractive force acting on the spacer is controlled, and the A valley of the combined repulsive force, a peak of the combined force of the attractive force, or a peak of the combined force formed by the repulsive force and the attractive force is formed between the predetermined transparent electrodes, and a spacer is formed only between the predetermined transparent electrodes. Selective placement.
The type of voltage applied to the electrode is not particularly limited, and for example, a DC voltage, a pulse voltage, or the like is preferably used.

Here, the method of applying a binary or more different voltage to the transparent electrode is such that an electric field formed based on the binary or more different voltage applied to each transparent electrode is most likely to act on the spacer. This is based on a constant application pattern in which a position where a strong attractive force acts and / or a position where a weakest repulsive force acts and a position of a gap between the transparent electrodes are matched.

The position where the strongest attractive force acts is defined as a peak of a combined force of attractive forces formed between predetermined transparent electrodes among adjacent transparent electrodes, or a peak of a combined force of attractive forces formed by repulsive force and attractive force. Among them, the position where the attractive force acts most strongly, and the position where the weakest repulsive force acts is the valley of the combined force of the repulsive force created between predetermined transparent electrodes among the adjacent transparent electrodes, or the repulsive force. It shows the position where the repulsion acts weakest among the valleys of the repulsion in the combined force formed by the force and the attraction.

Here, when applying a voltage having the same polarity as the charged polarity of the spacer to the pattern-shaped transparent electrode at the time of dispersing the spacer, and arranging the spacer in the gap between the transparent electrodes, the first present invention will be described in detail. As described above, at the edge of the substrate where no transparent electrode is present, as shown in FIG. 1, a force (repulsive force) acts to repel the falling spacer from inside the display area to outside the display area. In the vicinity of the outer periphery of the display area, since there is no repulsive force on the substrate outside the display area, the spacer to be arranged on the outer periphery of the display area escapes to the outside, or an area outside the display area. When the width is large, the spacers are scattered intensively in the area outside the display area, and a sufficient number of spacers do not exist in the outer peripheral part of the display area, and the cell thickness of the liquid crystal display device becomes small. , table There is a possibility that unevenness, display of the liquid crystal display device becomes uneven.

On the other hand, when using an electric field in which an attractive force acts on the transparent electrode, as shown in FIG. 10, since the electric field spreads at the outermost periphery of the substrate, a phenomenon occurs in which the electric field spreads to a portion where the electrode does not exist. . Therefore, when a voltage having a polarity opposite to the charged polarity of the spacer is applied to the transparent electrode, an attractive force acts, and a force acts to draw the falling spacer from outside the display area into the inside by spraying, and the outermost peripheral portion has a greater space than the display area. Occurs.

In order to prevent the two phenomena described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 10, in the second aspect of the present invention, since a voltage is applied to the additional electrode provided outside the display area, repulsive force is applied to the spacer from outside the display area. Alternatively, an attractive force can be applied, so that the movement of the spacer out of the display area or the movement of the spacer from outside the display area can be suppressed.
As a result, the spacers can be selectively arranged only between the predetermined transparent electrodes, and the arrangement density of the spacers can be controlled in the vicinity of the end of the display area as well as in the center of the display area. In this case, the arrangement density of the spacers in the display region can be made uniform, the light leakage from the spacers can be prevented, and the contrast can be improved without sacrificing the aperture ratio.

Further, since the predetermined transparent electrodes where the spacers are selectively disposed are between the transparent electrodes that apply the same voltage to adjacent transparent electrodes, a binary or more different voltage is applied to each transparent electrode. Thus, the spacer moved to the valley of the combined force of the repulsive force acting on the charged spacer, the peak of the combined force of the attractive force, or the spacer moved to the peak of the attractive force in the combined force formed by the repulsive force and the attractive force, The repulsive or attractive force acting on the spacer from the two transparent electrodes becomes uniform.

That is, when a repulsive force acts on the charged spacer, the spacer is pressed by an equal repulsive force given from two predetermined adjacent transparent electrodes. The spacers can be selectively disposed only between predetermined transparent electrodes with high probability in a manner in which the spacers are attracted by the uniform attractive force provided by the transparent electrodes.

Furthermore, between predetermined transparent electrodes where spacers are selectively arranged, when the spacers are positively charged, the lowest voltage among two or more different voltages applied to the transparent electrodes is applied. Between the transparent electrodes to be applied, when the spacer is charged to a negative polarity, among the two or more different voltages applied to the transparent electrode, by being between the transparent electrodes to apply the highest voltage, A valley of the combined repulsive force, a peak of the combined attractive force, or a peak of the combined force formed by the repulsive force and the attractive force can be formed between the predetermined transparent electrodes.

In other words, when the lowest voltage applied to a predetermined adjacent transparent electrode is positive, the repulsive force acts the weakest, and the lowest voltage applied to a predetermined adjacent transparent electrode is applied to the positively charged spacer. In the case of the negative polarity, since the attractive force acts most strongly, it moves between the transparent electrodes to which the lowest voltage is applied.

When the highest voltage applied to a predetermined adjacent transparent electrode is positive, the spacer charged negatively has the strongest attractive force, and the highest voltage applied to the predetermined adjacent transparent electrode is applied. In the case of the negative polarity, the repulsive force acts the weakest and moves between the transparent electrodes to which the highest voltage is applied.
Therefore, spacers can be selectively arranged only between predetermined transparent electrodes with higher probability.

Further, when the spacer is charged to the positive polarity, the lowest voltage is negative, and when the spacer is charged to the negative polarity, the highest voltage is positive. Due to the action of the attractive force generated between the electrodes constituting the electrodes and the spacer, the peak of the combined force of the attractive forces created between the predetermined transparent electrodes or the peak of the combined force formed by the repulsive force and the attractive force. Then, the spacer moves, and the spacer is further attracted by the action of the uniform attractive force applied from the predetermined two adjacent transparent electrodes.
Therefore, spacers can be selectively arranged only between predetermined transparent electrodes with higher probability.

Furthermore, if a voltage other than the lowest voltage or the highest voltage applied to the transparent electrode has the same polarity as the spacer, the action of the attractive force generated between the electrode and the spacer constituting the predetermined transparent electrode, and other By the action of the repulsion generated between the electrode and the spacer, the spacer is pressed by the repulsion generated between the other electrodes, and is attracted by the attraction generated between the predetermined adjacent transparent electrode, The spacer moves to the peak of the attractive force in the combined force formed by the repulsive force and the attractive force generated between the predetermined transparent electrodes, and further, the spacer is attracted by the action of the uniform attractive force applied from the predetermined two adjacent transparent electrodes.
Therefore, spacers can be selectively arranged only between predetermined transparent electrodes with higher probability.

Further, the polarity of the voltage charged on the spacer and the polarity of the binary or different voltage applied to the transparent electrode are the same, so that a strong repulsive force generated between the other electrode and the spacer, The spacer is pushed by the strong repulsion generated between the other adjacent electrodes due to the action of the weak repulsion generated between the predetermined adjacent transparent electrode and the spacer, and the combined force of the repulsion generated between the predetermined transparent electrodes. And the spacer is pushed between the predetermined transparent electrodes by the repulsive force, so that the spacer can be selectively disposed only between the predetermined transparent electrodes with higher probability.

In particular, according to this configuration, since the spacer is arranged between the predetermined transparent electrodes in a form pressed by the repulsive force, the spacer can be intensively arranged at the center between the predetermined transparent electrodes.
Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the probability that the spacer is arranged at the edge of the predetermined adjacent transparent electrode.

When a repulsive force acts on the spacer due to the electric field of the entire display region, the polarity of the voltage applied to the additional electrode is set to the polarity at which the repulsive force acts on the spacer, and an attractive force acts on the spacer by the electric field of the entire display region. In this case, by setting the polarity of the voltage applied to the additional electrode to the polarity at which an attractive force acts on the spacer, even if a repulsive force acts on the spacer as a whole display area, the display area is applied to the spacer near the end of the display area. By applying a repulsive force from the outside, it is possible to suppress the movement of the spacer to the outside of the display area, and even if an attractive force is acting on the spacer as the entire display area, the attractive force is applied to the spacer outside the display area from outside the display area. By acting, it is possible to prevent the spacer from moving from outside the display area.
Therefore, the arrangement density of the spacers can be made uniform even near the end of the display area.

Furthermore, the voltage applied to the additional electrode is the same as the voltage at which the largest repulsive force or attractive force acts on the spacer among the two or more different voltages applied to the transparent electrode. Or a sufficient repulsive force or attractive force for suppressing the spacer from moving out of the display area can be applied to the spacer.
Therefore, the arrangement density of the spacers can be made uniform even near the end of the display area.

In addition, the transparent electrode has a stripe shape, and the attached electrode is arranged in parallel with the long side of the transparent electrode, so that the spacer moves out of the display region among the four sides forming the display region, or The movement of the spacer can be effectively suppressed on the long side of the stripe-shaped transparent electrode in which the spacer is likely to move from outside the display area.
Therefore, the arrangement density of the spacers can be made uniform even near the end of the display area.

In addition, since the additional electrode is provided with the substantially same electrode pattern as the transparent electrode, the additional electrode and the transparent electrode can be simultaneously formed of the same material, and not only can the manufacturing process be simplified. The electric field outside the display area can be made the same as that in the display area, and the arrangement density of the spacers in the display area can be made uniform.

Further, since the additional electrode is a dummy electrode provided to reduce a step due to the transparent electrode, the second present invention can be realized by diverting a conventional electrode pattern.
Therefore, the arrangement density of the spacers can be made uniform even near the end of the display area.

Furthermore, the second present invention can be realized by diverting a conventional electrode pattern by making the additional electrode a dummy electrode provided for another purpose and to which a display voltage is not applied.
Examples of the dummy electrode include those similar to those described in the first invention.

A specific second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
Normally, in the production of a liquid crystal display device, as described in the first aspect of the present invention, the spacer is sprayed by charging an appropriate amount of the spacer by the above-described charging method, and scattering the substrate by compressed air, compressed nitrogen, or the like. It is done by spraying on top. FIGS. 11 and 12 are schematic diagrams showing an electrode pattern according to the second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, on the insulating substrate 1, striped display electrodes 3a and 3b, auxiliary electrodes 20a and 20b for applying a voltage to each of the display electrodes 3a and 3b, and a display area. An additional electrode 29 provided outside is formed.

Conductive wires 18, 18a and 18b for applying a voltage to the auxiliary electrodes 20a and 20b and the additional electrode 29 to form an electric field are connected to the auxiliary electrodes 20a and 20b and the additional electrode 29. The voltage may be directly applied to the auxiliary electrodes 20a and 20b and the additional electrode 29 using a probe pin or the like without providing the conductive wires 18, 18a and 18b, or the probe may be provided without providing the auxiliary electrodes 20a and 20b. Voltage may be directly applied to the display electrodes 3a and 3b using pins or the like.

The display electrode 3a is a pair of two adjacent display electrodes. The display electrode 3b is a display electrode existing between a pair of display electrodes 3a and another pair of display electrodes 3a. In FIG. 11, one display electrode 3b exists, and in FIG. 12, two display electrodes 3b exist. 3b is present.

As the additional electrode 29, a dummy electrode for reducing the level difference due to the display electrode also formed in the conventional electrode pattern and uniformly controlling the thickness of the liquid crystal layer may be used.
Further, as the additional electrode 29, a dummy electrode to which a display voltage is not applied, which is also formed in a conventional electrode pattern, may be used.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing an electrode pattern of one of the insulating substrates when two liquid crystal display devices are manufactured from a pair of insulating substrates according to the second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 13, the additional electrodes 29 are arranged only outside the display area in the vertical direction in FIG. This is because the auxiliary electrodes 20a and 20b are formed outside the display area in the horizontal direction in FIG. 13 of the display area 30, and the auxiliary electrodes 20a and 20b have the same effect as the additional electrode 29. The auxiliary electrode 20b and the additional electrode 29 are connected by a conductive portion, and are formed so that the same voltage is applied.

Then, by applying voltages having different voltage values to the auxiliary electrodes 20a and 20b and the additional electrodes 29 by the electrode pattern as shown in FIG. 11, the display electrodes 3a and 3b and the additional electrodes are applied as shown in FIGS. A negative voltage (−) is applied to the display electrode 29, and a voltage higher than the display electrode 3 b and the additional electrode 29 is applied to the display electrode 3 a. Further, the spacer 8 is charged with a negative polarity and sprayed.

By doing so, the spacers 8 can be arranged only between the display electrodes 3a, and the spacers 8 arranged between the display electrodes 3a, including between the display electrodes 3a near the ends of the display area 30, can be arranged. Within it.

That is, in FIG. 14 and FIG. 15, the dispersed spacers 8 fall, and as they approach the display electrodes 3a and 3b, repulsive force due to an electric field generated above the display electrodes 3a and 3b and the additional electrodes 29 acts on the spacers 8. Then, the spacer 8 moves away from the display electrode 3b and the additional electrode 29 that generate a strong repulsion, and moves toward the display electrode 3a that generates a weak repulsion. Then, the spacer 8 moved toward the display electrode 3a is pushed by each of the two adjacent display electrodes 3a with an equal repulsion, and falls between the display electrodes 3a.

As shown in FIG. 16, since the display region 30 is entirely negatively charged, a repulsive force acts on the spacer 8, and the spacer 8 near the end of the display region 30 moves out of the display region 30. Although there is a tendency to move, since a voltage that generates a strong repulsive force is applied to the additional electrode 29, it is possible to prevent the spacer 8 near the end of the display area 30 from moving outside the display area 30.

14 and 15 schematically show the repulsive force acting on the spacer 8, and the magnitude of the repulsive force acting on the spacer 8 is shown by the size of the semicircle. ing. The broken line schematically shows the resultant force of the repulsive force acting on the spacer 8.
Further, what is shown in a semi-elliptical shape in FIG. 16 schematically shows the repulsive force acting on the spacer 8.

According to the present embodiment, since the spacers 8 are pushed by equal repulsive forces from the two adjacent display electrodes 3a and fall between the display electrodes 3a, the spacers 8 are concentrated on the central portion between the display electrodes 3a. Thus, the probability that the spacer 8 is disposed at the edge of the display electrode 3a can be reduced.

FIG. 17 is a schematic view showing an electrode pattern of one of the insulating substrates when two liquid crystal display devices are manufactured from a pair of insulating substrates according to the second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 17, the additional electrodes 29 are arranged only outside the display area in the vertical direction in FIG. This is because the auxiliary electrodes 20a and 20b are formed outside the display area in the horizontal direction in FIG. 17 of the display area 30, and the auxiliary electrodes 20a and 20b have the same effect as the additional electrode 29.

Then, by applying voltages having different voltage values to the auxiliary electrodes 20a and 20b and the additional electrodes 29 according to the electrode patterns as shown in FIG. 11, the display electrodes 3a and 3b and the additional electrodes 29a as shown in FIGS. And a relatively higher voltage is applied to the display electrode 3a and the additional electrode 29 than to the display electrode 3b. Further, the spacer 8 is charged with a negative polarity and sprayed.

By doing so, the spacers 8 can be arranged only between the display electrodes 3a, and the spacers 8 arranged between the display electrodes 3a, including between the display electrodes 3a near the ends of the display area 30, can be arranged. Within it.

In other words, in FIGS. 18 and 19, the scattered spacers 8 fall, and as they approach the display electrodes 3a and 3b, the attractive force of the electric field generated above the display electrodes 3a and 3b and the additional electrodes 29 acts on the spacers 8. Then, the spacer 8 moves away from the display electrode 3b that generates a weak attractive force and moves toward the display electrode 3a and the attached electrode 29 that generate a strong attractive force. Then, the spacer 8 that has moved toward the display electrode 3a is attracted by each of the two adjacent display electrodes 3a with an equal attractive force, and falls between the display electrodes 3a.

Further, as shown in FIG. 20, since the display region 30 is entirely positively charged, an attractive force acts on the spacer 8, and the spacer 8 near the end of the display region 30 is removed from the outside of the display region 30. Although there is a tendency to move into the display area 30, since a voltage that generates a strong attractive force is applied to the additional electrode 29, the spacer 8 is prevented from moving from outside the display area 30 to the inside of the display area 30, and the display is performed. The density of the spacers 8 arranged between the electrodes 3a can be kept at a predetermined density.

18 and 19 schematically show the attractive force acting on the spacer 8, and the magnitude of the attractive force acting on the spacer 8 is shown by the size of the semicircular shape. ing. The broken line schematically shows the resultant force of the attractive force acting on the spacer 8.
The semi-elliptical shape shown in FIG. 20 schematically shows the attractive force acting on the spacer 8.

In the electrode pattern of the insulating substrate as shown in FIG. 17, by applying voltages having different voltage values to the auxiliary electrodes 20a and 20b and the additional electrode 29 by the electrode pattern as shown in FIG. As shown, a positive voltage (+) is applied to the display electrode 3a, a negative voltage (-) is applied to the display electrode 3b and the attached electrode 29, and the entire display region 30 is charged to a negative polarity. Further, the spacer 8 is charged with a negative polarity and sprayed.

By doing so, the spacers 8 can be arranged only between the display electrodes 3a, and the spacers 8 arranged between the display electrodes 3a, including between the display electrodes 3a near the ends of the display area 30, can be arranged. Within it.

That is, in FIGS. 21 and 22, the scattered spacers 8 fall, and as they approach the display electrodes 3a and 3b, the repulsive and attractive forces due to the electric field generated above the display electrodes 3a and 3b and the attached electrodes 29 are reduced. The spacer 8 moves away from the display electrode 3b and the additional electrode 29 that generate a repulsive force, and moves toward the display electrode 3a that generates an attractive force. Then, the spacer 8 that has moved toward the display electrode 3a is attracted by each of the two adjacent display electrodes 3a with an equal attractive force, and falls between the display electrodes 3a.

Further, as shown in FIG. 23, since the display region 30 is entirely negatively charged, a repulsive force acts on the spacer 8, and the spacer 8 near the end of the display region 30 moves out of the display region 30. Although there is a tendency to move, since a voltage that generates a repulsive force is applied to the additional electrode 29, it is possible to prevent the spacer 8 near the end of the display area 30 from moving outside the display area 30.

21 and 22 schematically show the repulsive force and the attractive force acting on the spacer 8, and the strength of the repulsive force acting on the spacer 8 is represented by a semicircle having an upward convexity. The magnitude of the attractive force acting on the spacer 8 is indicated by the shape of the semicircle having a downward convex shape. A broken line schematically shows a combined force of repulsion and attractive force acting on the spacer 8.

In the electrode pattern of the insulating substrate as shown in FIG. 17, by applying voltages having different voltage values to the auxiliary electrodes 20a and 20b and the additional electrode 29 by the electrode pattern as shown in FIG. As shown, a positive voltage (+) is applied to the display electrode 3a and the additional electrode 29, a negative voltage (-) is applied to the display electrode 3b, and the entire display region 30 is charged to a positive polarity. Further, the spacer 8 is charged with a negative polarity and sprayed.

By doing so, the spacers 8 can be arranged only between the display electrodes 3a, and the spacers 8 arranged between the display electrodes 3a, including between the display electrodes 3a near the ends of the display area 30, can be arranged. Within it.

That is, in FIGS. 24 and 25, the scattered spacers 8 fall, and as they approach the display electrodes 3a and 3b, the repulsive and attractive forces due to the electric field generated above the display electrodes 3a and 3b and the additional electrodes 29 are reduced. The spacer 8 moves away from the display electrode 3b that generates repulsive force, and moves toward the display electrode 3a and the additional electrode 29 that generate attractive force. Then, the spacer 8 that has moved toward the display electrode 3a is attracted by each of the two adjacent display electrodes 3a with an equal attractive force, and falls between the display electrodes 3a.

Further, as shown in FIG. 26, since the display region 30 is entirely positively charged, an attractive force acts on the spacer 8, and the spacer 8 near the end of the display region 30 is removed from the outside of the display region 30. Although there is a tendency to move into the display area 30, since a voltage that generates an attractive force is applied to the attached electrode 29, the spacer 8 is prevented from moving from outside the display area 30 into the display area 30, and the display electrode 30 is prevented from moving. It is possible to keep the density of the spacers 8 arranged between 3a at a predetermined density.

FIG. 27 is a schematic view showing an electrode pattern according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram showing an electrode pattern of one of the insulating substrates when two liquid crystal display devices are manufactured from the pair of insulating substrates according to the second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIGS. 27 and 28, the additional electrodes 29 are arranged outside the display area 30 so as to surround the display area 30.

The conductive wire 18 for applying a voltage to the additional electrode 29 to form an electric field is connected to the additional electrode 29. Note that a voltage may be directly applied to the additional electrode 29 using a probe pin or the like without providing the conducting wire 18.

The display electrode 3a is a pair of two adjacent display electrodes. The display electrode 3b is a display electrode existing between a pair of display electrodes 3a and another pair of display electrodes 3a. In FIG. 27, one display electrode 3b exists.

In the electrode pattern of the insulating substrate as shown in FIG. 28, by applying voltages having different voltage values to the display electrodes 3a and 3b and the additional electrode 29 by the electrode pattern as shown in FIG. As shown, a positive voltage (+) is applied to the display electrode 3a, a negative voltage (-) is applied to the display electrode 3b and the attached electrode 29, and the entire display region 30 is charged to a negative polarity. Further, the spacer 8 is charged with a negative polarity and sprayed.

By doing so, the spacers 8 can be arranged only between the display electrodes 3a, and the spacers 8 arranged between the display electrodes 3a, including between the display electrodes 3a near the ends of the display area 30, can be arranged. Within it.

That is, in FIGS. 29 and 30, the scattered spacers 8 fall, and as they approach the display electrodes 3a and 3b, the repulsive and attractive forces due to the electric field generated above the display electrodes 3a and 3b and the attached electrodes 29 are reduced. The spacer 8 moves away from the display electrode 3b and the additional electrode 29 that generate a repulsive force, and moves toward the display electrode 3a that generates an attractive force. Then, the spacer 8 that has moved toward the display electrode 3a is attracted by each of the two adjacent display electrodes 3a with an equal attractive force, and falls between the display electrodes 3a.

Further, as shown in FIG. 31, since the display area 30 is equivalent to being charged negatively as a whole, a repulsive force acts on the spacer 8 and the spacer 8 near the end of the display area 30 Although there is a tendency to move out of the display area 30, since a voltage that generates a repulsive force is applied to the additional electrode 29, the spacer 8 near the end of the display area 30 is prevented from moving out of the display area 30. be able to.

FIG. 32 is a schematic view showing an electrode pattern according to the second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 32, on the insulating substrate 1, stripe-shaped display electrodes 3a and 3b and auxiliary electrodes 20a and 20b for applying a voltage to each of the display electrodes 3a and 3b are formed. Further, the display electrodes 3a and 3b are also formed outside the display area 30, and the same electrode as the display electrode 3a formed outside the display area 30 is used as an additional electrode 29a, which is the same as the display electrode 3b formed outside the display area 30. This is referred to as an additional electrode 29b.

Conductive wires 18a and 18b for applying a voltage to the auxiliary electrodes 20a and 20b to form an electric field are connected to the auxiliary electrodes 20a and 20b. Note that a voltage may be directly applied to the auxiliary electrodes 20a and 20b using a probe pin or the like without providing the 18a and 18b, or a display electrode may be applied using a probe pin or the like without providing the auxiliary electrodes 20a and 20b. A voltage may be directly applied to 3a and 3b and the additional electrodes 29a and 29b.

The display electrode 3a is a pair of two adjacent display electrodes. The display electrode 3b is a display electrode existing between a pair of display electrodes 3a and another pair of display electrodes 3a. In the case of FIG. 32, one display electrode 3b exists.

The additional electrodes 29 are arranged only outside the display area 30 in the vertical direction in FIG. This is because the auxiliary electrodes 20a and 20b are formed outside the display area in the horizontal direction in FIG. 32 of the display area 30, and the auxiliary electrodes 20a and 20b have the same effect as the additional electrode 29.

By applying different voltages to the auxiliary electrodes 20a and 20b according to the electrode patterns shown in FIG. 32, as shown in FIGS. 33 to 35, the display electrodes 3a and 3b and the additional electrodes 29a and 29b have a negative voltage ( −) Is applied, and a voltage higher than the display electrode 3b and the additional electrode 29b is applied to the display electrode 3a and the additional electrode 29a. Further, the spacer 8 is charged with a negative polarity and sprayed.

By doing so, the spacers 8 can be arranged only between the display electrodes 3a, and the spacers 8 arranged between the display electrodes 3a, including between the display electrodes 3a near the ends of the display area 30, can be arranged. Within it.

That is, in FIG. 33 and FIG. 34, the dispersed spacers 8 fall, and as they approach the display electrodes 3a and 3b, repulsive force due to an electric field generated above the display electrodes 3a and 3b and the additional electrodes 29 acts on the spacers 8. Then, the spacer 8 moves away from the display electrode 3b that generates a strong repulsive force and moves toward the display electrode 3a that generates a weak repulsive force. Then, the spacer 8 moved toward the display electrode 3a is pushed by each of the two adjacent display electrodes 3a with an equal repulsion, and falls between the display electrodes 3a.

Further, as shown in FIG. 35, since the electrode pattern is entirely negatively charged, a repulsive force acts on the spacer 8 and the spacer 8 near the end of the electrode pattern tends to move out of the electrode pattern. However, the additional electrodes 29a and 29b are located near the ends of the electrode pattern in the vertical direction in FIG. 35, and the spacers 8 may not be arranged near the ends of the electrode pattern. That is, since the display region 30 is located at the center of the electrode pattern, the spacers 8 can be arranged in the display region 30 at a predetermined density.

In the electrode pattern of the insulating substrate as shown in FIG. 17, by applying voltages having different voltage values to the auxiliary electrodes 20a and 20b and the additional electrode 29 by the electrode pattern as shown in FIG. As described above, a positive voltage (+) is applied to the display electrodes 3a and 3b and the additional electrode 29, and a voltage higher than the display electrode 3a is applied to the display electrode 3b and the additional electrode 29. Further, the spacer 8 is charged with a positive polarity and sprayed.

By doing so, the spacers 8 can be arranged only between the display electrodes 3a, and the spacers 8 arranged between the display electrodes 3a, including between the display electrodes 3a near the ends of the display area 30, can be arranged. Within it.

That is, in FIGS. 36 and 37, the scattered spacers 8 fall, and as they approach the display electrodes 3a and 3b, repulsive force due to an electric field generated above the display electrodes 3a and 3b and the additional electrodes 29 acts on the spacers 8. Then, the spacer 8 moves away from the display electrode 3b and the additional electrode 29 that generate a strong repulsion, and moves toward the display electrode 3a that generates a weak repulsion. Then, the spacer 8 moved toward the display electrode 3a is pushed by each of the two adjacent display electrodes 3a with an equal repulsion, and falls between the display electrodes 3a.

Further, as shown in FIG. 38, since the display region 30 is entirely positively charged, a repulsive force acts on the spacer 8, and the spacer 8 near the end of the display region 30 moves out of the display region 30. Although there is a tendency to move, since a voltage that generates a strong repulsive force is applied to the additional electrode 29, it is possible to prevent the spacer 8 from moving out of the display area 30.

According to the present embodiment, since the spacers 8 are pushed by equal repulsive forces from the two adjacent display electrodes 3a and fall between the display electrodes 3a, the spacers 8 are concentrated on the central portion between the display electrodes 3a. Thus, the probability that the spacer 8 is disposed at the edge of the display electrode 3a can be reduced.

As described above, the second embodiment of the present invention has been described. However, the second present invention is not limited to only these embodiments, and the spacer 8 shown in FIG. The same effect can be obtained according to the relative voltage level in the present invention in the case where there is.

FIG. 39 shows a case where the spacer 8 is charged to a negative polarity, and is a concept for explaining the relationship between the relative level of the voltage applied to the display electrode and the magnitude of the repulsive or attractive force exerted on the spacer 8 by the voltage. FIG.

When the ground voltage at which no repulsive or attractive force acts on the spacer 8 is set to 0 V as a voltage reference, the relative voltage level and the polarity of the voltage are indicated by + and-.
That is, in FIG. 39, + 300V is a voltage relatively lower than + 500V, and -300V is a voltage relatively higher than -500V.

A repulsive or attractive force due to an electric field generated above the display electrode acts on the spacer 8 between the display electrode and the spacer 8 at a certain distance, depending on the polarity of the voltage applied to the display electrode. In FIG. 39, since the spacer 8 has a negative polarity, a repulsive force is generated at a negative (−) voltage, and an attractive force is generated at a positive (+) voltage. The repulsive force and the attractive force increase as they are located on the negative (−) voltage side, and the attractive force increases as they are located on the positive (+) voltage side.
That is, the attractive force is higher at +500 V than at +300 V, and the repulsive force is higher at -500 V than at -300 V.

When the spacer 8 is positively charged, the attractive force and the repulsive force only reverse, and the attractive force is generated by the negative (−) voltage, and the repulsive force is generated by the positive (+) voltage. . The repulsive force and the attractive force increase as they are located on the negative (-) voltage side, and the repulsive force increases as they are located on the positive (+) voltage side.
That is, the repulsive force is higher at +500 V than at +300 V, and the attractive force is higher at -500 V than at -300 V.

Further, as shown in FIG. 39, the relative voltage level in the present invention defines the voltage located on the negative (−) voltage side as low, regardless of the magnitude of the force acting on the spacer 8. , The voltage located on the positive (+) voltage side is defined as high.
That is, +500 V is defined as having a relatively higher voltage than +300 V, and -500 V is defined as having a relatively lower voltage than -300 V.

The same applies to the case where the spacer 8 is charged to a positive polarity. The definition is that a voltage of + 500V is relatively higher than that of + 300V, and that a voltage of -500V is higher than that of -300V. Is defined as low voltage.

Here, with reference to FIG. 40 and FIG. 41, a problem when the additional electrode 29 is not provided will be described.
FIG. 40 is a conceptual diagram showing a case where the display region 30 is entirely negatively charged when the additional electrode 29 is not provided. As shown in FIG. 40, since the display region 30 is entirely negatively charged, a repulsive force acts on the spacer 8 when the spacer 8 is negatively charged and sprayed.

At the center of the display area 30, the spacer 8 receives a uniform repulsive force from the surroundings. Therefore, the spacer 8 is only affected by a local electric field and is disposed between the display electrodes 3a. However, in the vicinity of the end of the display area 30, a repulsive force due to the entire electric field as the display area 30 is received, and the spacer 8 near the end of the display area 30 moves out of the display area 30 where no electric field is formed. This causes a problem that it is difficult to dispose a predetermined amount of the spacer 8 between the display electrodes 3a near the end of the display area 30.

On the other hand, FIG. 41 is a conceptual diagram showing a case where the display region 30 is entirely positively charged when the additional electrode 29 is not provided. As shown in FIG. 41, the display region 30 is charged as a whole with a positive polarity. Therefore, if the spacer 8 is charged with a negative polarity and sprayed, an attractive force acts on the spacer 8.

In the central part of the display area 30, the spacer 8 receives an attractive force uniformly from the surroundings, so that the spacer 8 is only affected by a local electric field and is disposed between the display electrodes 3a. However, in the vicinity of the end of the display region 30, the spacer 8 is attracted by the entire electric field as the display region 30, and the spacer 8 moves from the outside of the display region 30 where no electric field is formed to the inside of the display region 30, so that the display is not performed. There is a problem that more spacers 8 than a predetermined amount are arranged between the display electrodes 3a near the end of the region 30.

In the above embodiment, the method of controlling the electric field by providing the additional electrode 29 on the insulating substrate on which the display electrode is formed has been described. However, the method for fixing the insulating substrate on which the display electrode is formed is also described. There is also a method in which an additional electrode 29 is provided on a stage, a wall surface of a spacer spraying device, or the like, and a voltage is applied to obtain the same effect.

Further, according to the second aspect of the present invention, by adjusting the voltage applied to the additional electrode 29, the density of the spacers disposed near the end of the display area 30 can be controlled. Fine adjustment of the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is also possible.

Further, in the above embodiment, the simple matrix type liquid crystal display device is used. However, the second invention is not limited to the simple matrix type liquid crystal display device, but may be a ferroelectric liquid crystal display device or a TFT type liquid crystal display device. Naturally, it can be used in a liquid crystal display device such as a device.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, a spacer is scattered on at least one of a first substrate including at least a patterned transparent electrode and a dummy electrode and a second substrate disposed to face the first substrate. And a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal is injected into a gap between both substrates, wherein when a spacer charged to a positive polarity or a negative polarity is sprayed on the substrate, two or more binary values are provided for each transparent electrode. A different voltage is applied, and a voltage is also applied to a dummy electrode, between predetermined transparent electrodes for selectively arranging spacers, between adjacent transparent electrodes, the number of transparent electrodes is an even number, A method of applying a binary or more different voltage to the transparent electrode is such that when the charge polarity of the spacer is positive (+), the voltage is applied to the adjacent transparent electrode in which the spacer is disposed at the center of the electrode gap. Binary or higher The different voltage is the lowest voltage, and when the charge polarity of the spacer is negative (-), a binary or more different voltage applied to the adjacent transparent electrode where the spacer is disposed at the center of the electrode gap. The voltage is the highest voltage and is a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device.

The transparent electrode, the dummy electrode, the substrate, the spacer, and the method of charging the spacer are the same as those described in the first invention. Further, as described in the second aspect of the present invention, the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the third aspect of the present invention can be applied to a method of manufacturing a TFT type liquid crystal display device.

Between predetermined transparent electrodes where spacers are selectively arranged, when the spacers are charged to positive polarity (+), the lowest voltage among two or more different voltages applied to the transparent electrodes is set to the lowest voltage. Between the transparent electrodes to be applied, and when the spacer is charged to the negative polarity (-), between the transparent electrodes to which the highest voltage is applied among the two or more different voltages applied to the transparent electrodes. is there.

For example, when strong repulsive forces and weak repulsive forces are regularly arranged as shown in FIG. 14, the valleys or peaks of the combined repulsive force are formed by a weak repulsive transparent electrode region or a strong repulsive transparent electrode region (FIG. 9). Region).

Therefore, in the case of FIG. 14, the spacer is disposed at the center position of the weak repulsive force, and it is sufficient that the space between the transparent electrodes exists there. In order to achieve this, if the number of transparent electrodes that give a weak repulsive force is set to be an even number, the center of the region coincides with the gap between the transparent electrodes.

For example, when the repulsive force and the attractive force are regularly arranged as shown in FIG. 22, the valley or the peak of the combined force of the repulsive force and the attractive force is determined by the repulsive transparent electrode region or the attractive transparent electrode region (FIG. 9). ).

Therefore, in the case of FIG. 22, the spacer is disposed at the center position of the attractive force, and it is sufficient that there is a space between the transparent electrodes. In order to achieve this, if the number of transparent electrodes for applying an attractive force is set to be an even number, the center of the region coincides with the gap between the transparent electrodes.

However, in the case of FIG. 14, when the number of transparent electrodes that apply a weak repulsive force in the case of FIG. 14, and in the case of FIG. 22, the number of transparent electrodes that apply an attractive force is odd, the position where the spacer is arranged is the center position of the transparent electrode.

When voltage is applied to the transparent electrode, when the charged polarity of the spacer is negative (-), each transparent electrode is connected to one of both ends of each transparent electrode with respect to the transparent electrode that gives the highest voltage. A common conductive line (A) to be provided is provided, and the connection is performed by the conductive line (A). With respect to a transparent electrode that applies a voltage lower than the above voltage, each transparent electrode is made conductive to the other of both ends of each transparent electrode. A common conductive line (B) is provided, and the conductive line (B) is used. When the charged polarity of the spacer is positive (+), each transparent electrode is applied to the transparent electrode giving the lowest voltage. A common conducting line (A) for conducting each transparent electrode is provided at one of both ends of the transparent electrode, and the conducting line (A) is used. A common conductor for conducting each transparent electrode to the other of the two ends Provided line (B), it is possible to perform the conductor through line (B).

For example, when the charge polarity of the spacer is negative (-) with respect to the conductive line (A) using a comb-shaped electrode having a 2: 1 structure as shown in FIG. 42, the highest voltage is applied. By applying a voltage lower than the above voltage to the conductive line (B), the spacer can be arranged in the gap a. After the spacers are arranged, the conductive lines (A) and the conductive lines (B) are cut along the dotted lines in the figure to form a striped transparent electrode.

As described above, in the third aspect of the present invention, at the time of dispersing spacers, by applying a binary or more different voltage to each of the patterned transparent electrodes, an electrode gap where no transparent electrodes exist, that is, a black matrix, Spacers can be placed on the parts.

Here, at the time of dispersing the spacer, without applying a voltage to the dummy electrode, simply applying a different voltage of two or more to the transparent electrode is the same as described in detail in the first and second embodiments of the present invention. In addition, a phenomenon in which the number of spacers near the outer periphery of the display area increases and decreases is observed, and as described in the first and second aspects of the present invention, when manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, the distortion of the spacers changes, The thickness changes, and the display of the liquid crystal display device becomes non-uniform.

In order to prevent these phenomena, in the third aspect of the present invention, by applying a voltage to the dummy electrode as well, it is possible to prevent unevenness in the number of spacers disposed between the inner part of the display area and the outermost peripheral part. Therefore, non-uniformity of the cell thickness due to this can be eliminated. Therefore, a liquid crystal display device having uniform display characteristics can be obtained.

Examples of the dummy electrode include those similar to those described in the first invention.
Hereinafter, application of a voltage to the dummy electrode will be described.
The voltage value of the voltage applied to the dummy electrode is preferably in a range between the highest voltage and the lowest voltage among two or more different voltages applied to the transparent electrode. That is, an electric field formed of a relatively high potential (+ (positive)) region and a relatively low potential (− (negative)) region formed on the transparent electrode is extended to the dummy electrode. As a result, as shown in FIG. 43, a decrease or increase in the number of arranged spacers is caused in the dummy electrode portion. Therefore, in the display area, the spacers are uniformly arranged.

The application of the voltage to the dummy electrode is preferably performed by making the dummy electrode conductive to either the conductive line (A) or the conductive line (B).
For example, as shown in FIG. 44, by conducting the conduction line (B) and the dummy electrode, the same potential can be applied to the conduction line (B) and the dummy electrode. In the case shown in FIG. 44, the conductive line (B) and the dummy electrode are formed as an integrated electrode, but the conductive line (A) and the dummy electrode may be formed as an integrated electrode. Furthermore, the conductive lines (A) or (B) provided separately and independently on the substrate and the dummy electrodes may be connected to each other so as to be electrically connected.

The application of the voltage to the dummy electrode can also be performed by making all the dummy electrodes formed on the substrate conductive with each other.
For example, as shown in FIG. 45, if all the dummy electrodes formed on the substrate are electrically connected by wiring, the same potential can be applied to all the dummy electrodes.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a spacer is scattered on at least one of a first substrate including at least a patterned transparent electrode and a dummy electrode and a second substrate opposed to the first substrate. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, comprising injecting liquid crystal into a gap between the two substrates, wherein the positively or negatively charged spacer is dispersed on the substrate, and the substrate is placed on a grounded conductive stage. Are placed in close contact with each other, and a conductor in a state electrically insulated from the conductive stage is provided. The conductor is a conductive frame having an opening formed therein. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, wherein the liquid crystal display device is installed so as to overlap with a part of the outer peripheral portion of the substrate or not so as to apply a voltage to the transparent electrode and also apply a voltage to the conductive frame.

The pattern-shaped transparent electrode, the substrate, the spacer, and the method of charging the spacer are the same as those described in the first invention. Further, as described in the second aspect of the present invention, the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display of the fourth aspect of the present invention can be applied to a method of manufacturing a TFT type liquid crystal display.

In the fourth method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, a voltage having the same polarity as the charged polarity of the spacer is applied to the patterned transparent electrode while the substrate on which the black matrix is formed is in close contact with the conductive stage. Thus, even if an electric field in which a repulsive force acts is formed on the patterned transparent electrode, the electric field can be disposed between the electrodes, and there is no problem in the arrangement of the spacer.

Here, a phenomenon in which the number of spacers near the outer periphery of the display area increases or decreases by simply applying a voltage to the transparent electrode at the time of spraying the spacers, as described in detail in the first and second aspects of the present invention, is seen. When manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, the distortion of the spacer changes, the cell thickness changes, and the display of the liquid crystal display device becomes non-uniform.

In addition, a dummy electrode used for preventing charging of the substrate is used, and a voltage having the same polarity as that of the transparent electrode is applied to the dummy electrode so that the repulsive force due to the electric field on the substrate becomes uniform as a whole substrate. It is also conceivable to control the distribution amount of the spacer between the display region and the region outside the display region.However, in this method, the dummy electrode is provided to the outside of the display region and is sufficiently wider than the dispersion range of the spacer. And it is disadvantageous in terms of space.

To prevent these phenomena, in the fourth aspect of the present invention, when spraying a positively or negatively charged spacer on the substrate, the substrate is placed in close contact with a grounded conductive stage, and the conductive The stage is provided with a conductor in an electrically insulated state, the conductor is a conductive frame having an opening, and the conductive frame is formed on an outer peripheral portion of the substrate and a part of the outer peripheral portion of the substrate. In an overlapping state, or installed in a non-overlapping state, by applying a voltage to the transparent electrode, and applying a voltage to the conductive frame, to form an electric field substantially the same outside the substrate as in the substrate, Since the range in which the repulsive force acts on the substrate is widened and the increase or decrease in the spacers is absorbed in a portion outside the substrate, the display region has a uniform number of spacers.

The grounded conductive stage preferably has a volume resistance of 1 × 10 ¹⁰ Ωcm or less. If the volume resistance exceeds 1 × 10 ¹⁰ Ωcm, the entire substrate becomes close to the potential of the transparent electrode, and the placement accuracy of the spacer is inferior.

If there is an electrode that floats electrically, the spacers will be concentrated and scattered at that part.Therefore, the method of applying a voltage of the same polarity as the charged polarity of the spacer to the transparent electrode formed on the substrate is all methods. Preferably, a voltage is applied to the transparent electrode so that there is no electrically floating electrode.

The material of the conductor is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, metals such as aluminum, iron, copper, and stainless steel; and resins made by coating a metal or the like to be conductive. The conductor may be formed by laminating a metal thin film such as an aluminum foil or a copper foil, a thin plate, or the like on a resin.

In the case of multi-panel production in which several liquid crystal panels are manufactured from one glass substrate, the shape of the conductor may be a shape having openings corresponding to respective display regions.
The method of insulating the conductive stage and the conductor is not particularly limited. For example, the insulation may be performed with an insulator such as a resin interposed therebetween, or the space may be opened to be insulated with air.

The method of applying a voltage to the substrate is not particularly limited. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, a dummy electrode is provided outside the linear transparent electrode on the substrate, and the dummy electrode and the linear transparent electrode are electrically connected. A method of applying a voltage to a dummy electrode from a conductive frame that is electrically insulated from the conductive stage on which the substrate is placed, and the like can be given. The method of applying a voltage from the conductive frame to the dummy electrode is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, a method of forming a needle-like material from the conductive frame.

The voltage value applied to the transparent electrode and the conductive frame on the substrate is preferably several hundred V to several KV. If the applied voltage is too low, it is difficult to control the path of the spacer drop. If the applied voltage is too high, a short circuit may occur between the transparent electrode and the black matrix when a conductive black matrix or the like is used.

The conductive frame may be formed of a conductive flat plate, or may be formed of a conductive material such as a net, a rod, or a wire. When it is formed of a conductive flat plate, a structure may be provided in which a hole or the like is formed in the plate surface to improve the flow of air.

A specific method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 46 shows an embodiment of the fourth invention in the case of two chamfers. A conductive frame is formed on a conductive stage by sandwiching an insulator such as a resin having the same thickness as the first substrate. The conductive frame is placed so as to overlap the outer peripheral portion of the substrate. By doing so, the conductive frame overlaps the outer peripheral portion of the substrate, and the conductive frame can be installed without any clearance.

In the fourth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 47, a conductive frame provided with an opening having the same shape as the substrate is placed on a conductive stage with an insulator interposed therebetween.
By applying a voltage having the same polarity as that of the transparent electrode to the conductive frame in this state, the range of the repulsive electric field is widened, and the increase or decrease of the spacers is absorbed in the conductive frame portion, so that the number of spacers in the display area becomes uniform. .

The installation of the conductive stage and the conductive frame may be a mechanism that allows the conductive frame to be singly covered from above or a mechanism that can be opened and closed using a hinge or the like.
FIG. 48 shows the state of dispersion of spacers in the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, in which a repulsive force is used.
In the case of FIG. 47 and the like, by applying a voltage to all of the stripe-shaped transparent electrode, the dummy electrode, and the conductive frame, the repulsive electric field can be made wider, so that the uniformity of the display region is improved. The electrode structure in this case is shown in FIGS.

When the dummy electrode and the transparent electrode are conducted, the voltage can be applied to the dummy electrode from the conductive frame that is electrically insulated from the conductive stage on which the substrate is installed. It becomes.

As a method of applying a voltage from the conductive frame to the dummy electrode, for example, as shown in FIG. 49 and FIG. 50, a needle-shaped one from the flat plate surface facing the substrate of the conductive frame, the flat plate of the conductive frame or the side surface of the conductive frame is used. It can be performed by forming.

Further, depending on the distance between the conductive frame and the display area, uniformity may not be ensured unless a voltage different from the voltage applied to the transparent electrode is applied to the conductive frame.
For example, as shown in FIG. 51, when disposing a spacer using repulsion, if the distance between the display region and the conductive frame is large, the spacer may escape between them. In such a case, it is necessary to apply a repulsive voltage stronger than that of the display area to the conductive frame and use the repulsive force to fly the conductive frame to the outermost periphery of the display area.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of charging the spacer and applying a voltage to the transparent electrode to dispose the spacer in the electrode gap. Is applied to control the falling of the spacer, so that the spacer can be arranged over the entire substrate, and the cell gap is uniform, and high-quality display performance without display unevenness can be obtained.

The above-mentioned conductive frame is removed after the spacers are scattered, and then the second substrate is disposed to face in accordance with a normal method, and liquid crystal is injected into the gap, whereby a liquid crystal display device can be manufactured.

A fifth aspect of the present invention is directed to a first substrate including at least a patterned transparent electrode and an alignment film, and having at least one of a first substrate having a display area and a second substrate disposed to face the first substrate. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, comprising: dispersing spacers on a substrate; and injecting liquid crystal into a gap between the two substrates, wherein the spacer charged to a positive polarity or a negative polarity is dispersed on the substrate. The substrate is placed in close contact with the conductive stage, a voltage having the same polarity as the charged polarity of the spacer is applied to the transparent electrode on the substrate, and a conductor electrically insulated from the conductive stage is placed outside the display area. This is a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device in which a voltage having the same polarity as that of a voltage applied to a transparent electrode is applied to a conductor, and an electric field substantially the same as that inside the substrate is formed outside the substrate.

The transparent electrode, the substrate, the spacer, and the method of charging the spacer are the same as those described in the first invention. Further, as described in the second aspect of the present invention, the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display of the fifth aspect of the present invention can be applied to a method of manufacturing a TFT type liquid crystal display.

For example, when the charged spacer is sprayed, the substrate having at least the pattern-shaped transparent electrode and the alignment film and having the display area is not grounded, or as shown in FIG. Even when the substrate is placed in close contact with the stage and a voltage having the same polarity as the charged polarity of the charged spacer is applied to the patterned transparent electrode on the substrate, the electric field is nearly uniform (in FIG. 52, a certain potential). Are not shown), and the spacer is not selectively arranged.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 53, the substrate is placed in close contact with a grounded conductive stage, and a voltage having the same polarity as the charged polarity of the charged spacer is applied to the patterned transparent electrode on the substrate. Then, the electric potential of the gap between the transparent electrodes is lowered, an electric field suitable for the arrangement is formed (shown in FIG. 53 as an equipotential surface of a certain electric potential), and the spacer can be arranged in the gap of the transparent electrode by repulsive force.

However, when an electric field is formed by a voltage applied to the patterned transparent electrode and a repulsive force acts on the spacer, a phenomenon is seen in which the number of spacers near the outer periphery of the display area decreases, and in the first and second inventions, As described above, when manufacturing the liquid crystal display device, the distortion of the spacer changes, the cell thickness changes, and the display of the liquid crystal display device becomes non-uniform.

The cause of the increase or decrease in the number of spacers in the vicinity of the outer periphery of the display area is that as shown in FIGS. 1, 52 and 53, a voltage having the same polarity as the charged polarity of the spacer is applied to the pattern-shaped transparent electrode to make the spacer transparent. In the case of disposing the spacer in the electrode gap, a force (repulsive force) for repelling the falling spacer from the display area to the outside of the display area acts. Since there is no repulsive force on the substrate, the spacers to be arranged at the outer peripheral portion of the display area escape to the outside, or when the area outside the display area is large, the spacer is concentrated on the area outside the display area. That is, the spacers are dispersed.

In order to prevent these phenomena, in the fifth aspect of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 54, when a positively or negatively charged spacer is sprayed on the substrate, the substrate is brought into close contact with a grounded conductive stage. A voltage of the same polarity as the charged polarity of the spacer is applied to the transparent electrode on the substrate, a conductor electrically insulated from the conductive stage is provided outside the display area, and applied to the transparent electrode. By applying a voltage of the same polarity as that of the applied voltage to the conductor and forming an electric field substantially the same as the inside of the substrate outside the substrate, the range in which the repulsive force acts on the substrate is widened, and the increase or decrease of the spacers can be reduced outside the substrate. The display area has a uniform number of spacers.

Grounded conductive stage, method of applying a voltage of the same polarity as the charged polarity of the spacer to the transparent electrode formed on the substrate, material of the conductor, shape of the conductor, insulation method between the conductive stage and the conductor The method of applying a voltage to the substrate, the voltage applied to the transparent electrode and the conductive frame on the substrate, and the method of forming the conductive frame are the same as those described in the fourth invention.

The voltage applied to the conductive frame is preferably substantially the same as or higher than the voltage applied to the transparent electrode. If the voltage applied to the conductive frame is lower than that of the transparent electrode, it is not possible to prevent the spacer on the outer peripheral portion of the substrate from decreasing.
When applying different voltages to the conductive frame and the transparent electrode, terminals from different voltage supply devices may be connected.

A specific method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device according to the fifth aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 55 is a plan view and a conceptual cross-sectional view for explaining the relationship between the substrate and the conductive frame in the fifth method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 55, the conductor according to the fifth aspect of the present invention has a conductor frame having an outermost dimension larger than the substrate, larger than the display area, and having an opening formed below the substrate dimension. It is preferable that the conductive frame is installed in a state of overlapping with or not overlapping with the outer peripheral portion of the substrate, and a voltage having the same polarity as the voltage applied to the transparent electrode is applied to the conductive frame.

The conductive stage and the conductive frame may be formed separately, or may be formed by partitioning the conductive stage and the conductive frame portion on the same flat plate of an insulator as shown in FIG. .
The position where the conductive frame is formed is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, above the substrate surface, the same as the substrate surface, the same as the conductive stage surface, below the conductive stage surface, and the like.

As shown in (1) in FIG. 55, when the opening of the conductive frame is smaller than the size of the substrate and the conductive frame is located on the substrate, as shown in (2) of FIG. When the conductive frame is larger than the substrate and the conductive stage, there is no problem if the conductive frame is larger than the substrate and the conductive stage. What is necessary is just to be secured.

In the case where the opening of the conductive frame is smaller than the size of the substrate and the conductive frame is located on the substrate, the conductive frame itself functions as a mask. Will not be placed.

However, when the opening of the conductive frame matches the size of the substrate and the upper surface of the conductive frame matches the substrate surface, repulsion does not act on the substrate edge region where the transparent electrode does not exist. The spacers may be locally concentrated in the end region. If the conductive frame is smaller than the conductive stage, the spacer may be locally concentrated on the protruding conductive stage.

The local concentration of the spacers means that the spacers escape from the outer peripheral portion of the display region to the concentrated portion, which causes a decrease in the number of spacers at the outer peripheral portion of the display region. It can cause uneven thickness.

When the conductive frame is located on the substrate, the substrate can be in full contact with the conductive stage. The size of the conductive stage is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, larger or smaller than the substrate.

In the arrangement of the spacers, when the substrate is brought into close contact with the conductive stage, the electric potential between the transparent electrodes decreases, and an electric field suitable for the arrangement is formed. Therefore, when a conductive frame is placed under (back) the substrate, the conductive frame comes into contact with the bottom (back) surface of the substrate, and the potential of the substrate at that portion rises. May worsen.

The conductive stage has a size equal to or smaller than the substrate size and reaches a region outside the dividing line, and the upper surface of the conductive frame is substantially flush with the conductive stage surface as shown in (3) in FIG. Preferably, or as shown in (4) in FIG. 55, it is preferable to be installed at a position lower than the conductive stage.

The cutting line is a line that is used as a reference when cutting the substrate after bonding the first substrate and the second substrate.
When a dummy electrode is provided outside the display area on the substrate, the area outside the dividing line is a dummy electrode area as shown in FIG.

As shown in (3) in FIG. 55, by setting the upper surface of the conductive frame on the substantially same plane as the conductive stage surface, the substrate is in contact with the conductive frame, or as shown in (4) in FIG. Then, by being installed at a position lower than the conductive stage, the end of the substrate is in a floating state.

By setting the conductive frame at these positions, the spacers are uniformly arranged over the entire substrate, and even at the edge of the substrate where no transparent electrode is present, the local concentration of the spacers is affected by the electric field due to the conductive frame from below. The arrangement can be prevented.

As shown in FIG. 57, the conductive stage has a size equal to or smaller than the substrate and reaches the region outside the dividing line, and the conductive frame is formed outside the substrate from the region outside the dividing line to be cut off. It is preferable that the area occupied by the conductive stage and the conductive frame in the region outside the line is [area occupied by the conductive stage]> [area occupied by the conductive frame].
At this time, the conductive frame may be arranged so as to be in contact with the substrate, or may be arranged so as not to be in contact with the substrate.

FIG. 59 is a schematic plan view and a cross-sectional view for explaining a frame state of a black matrix in the liquid crystal display device manufacturing method according to the fifth invention. At least one of the first substrate and the second substrate opposed to the first substrate is a color filter substrate for a liquid crystal display device, and has a black matrix formed thereon as shown in FIG. ing. The black matrix partitions pixels in a grid pattern in the display area.

The black matrix represents a display area in a frame shape. The frame state is formed by a region where the black matrix does not exist, but the black matrix may be left as a solid mask in the dummy electrode portion outside the frame. In that case, the position of the black matrix and the region formed of the transparent electrode substantially match.

Chromium is often used as a material for forming the black matrix (such a black matrix is also referred to as a conductive black matrix). In a color filter substrate for a liquid crystal display device having such a configuration, even if a conductive stage smaller than the region in which the black matrix made of chromium is formed, the effect of the grounded conductive stage does not affect the entire black matrix. Since the potential of the black matrix decreases over the region, the region of the black matrix can play the effect of the conductive stage.
Therefore, even if the conductive stage is smaller than the substrate, the region where the black matrix exists forms an electric field suitable for disposing the spacer.

If an area without a black matrix is formed on the substrate to form a frame state of the black matrix, the black matrix in the display area and the dummy electrode area outside the display area are separated, so that the display area and the dummy area are separated. The effect of the grounding of the conductive stage within the electrode area will change.

Therefore, the size of the conductive stage needs to span the frame portion of the black matrix, the region without the black matrix, and the dummy electrode region. Thereby, the arrangement state of the spacers in the entire substrate becomes uniform.

As shown by (3) in FIG. 55, when the conductive frame is formed on substantially the same surface as the conductive stage, when the substrate is set on the conductive frame, the substrate is placed on both the conductive stage upper surface and the conductive frame upper surface. Will contact you.

In this case, the ground potential and the potential from the conductive frame are locally received under (outside) the outer peripheral portion of the substrate. In particular, in this vicinity, the black matrix in the display area and the black matrix in the dummy electrode area are separated, and the area outside the divided area is affected by a different effect from the display area.

Therefore, in this case, the divided dummy electrode region must be close to the ground potential. For this purpose, as shown in FIG. 57, the area occupied by the conductive stage and the conductive frame in the dummy electrode region needs to be such that [area occupied by conductive stage]> [area occupied by conductive frame]. .

When the area occupied by the conductive stage and the conductive frame in the dummy electrode region satisfies [area occupied by the conductive stage] <[area occupied by the conductive frame], the potential of the transparent electrode gap in this region is reduced. Since the spacers rise, it is difficult to dispose the spacers.

As shown in FIG. 58, the conductive stage has a size equal to or smaller than the substrate size and reaches a region outside the dividing line, and the conductive frame is not overlapped with the region outside the dividing line. It is preferably formed outside the transparent electrode.

That is, the conductive frame may be formed at a position that does not enter the dummy electrode region. At this position, the potential of the conductive frame does not affect the black matrix, and the spacer does not locally concentrate on the outer peripheral edge of the substrate.

On the other hand, in the conventional positional relationship between the conductive stage and the conductive frame, when the conductive frame is located at a position lower than the conductive stage, as shown in (4) in FIG. The region does not directly contact the conductive frame.
In this case, since the edge of the substrate is not grounded, a potential rise occurs in that portion, and local concentration of the spacer on the edge of the substrate does not occur.

The material of the black matrix may be formed of a composition in which a pigment or the like is dispersed in a resin in addition to chromium. In the case of the composition, since the conductivity is low, the same effect as the conductive stage as in the case of chromium may not be exhibited.

In such a case, when the conductive frame is installed under the substrate, as shown in FIG. 60, the size of the conductive stage is made to substantially match the area where the transparent electrode is present, and the end position of the conductive frame is set. It is preferable to form it in a region where no transparent electrode exists.

As a result, in the region made of the transparent electrode, the conductive stage is present, and an electric field suitable for disposing the spacer is formed. On the other hand, the region where the transparent electrode does not exist is in contact with the conductive frame, or by preventing the conductive stage from being present, so that the potential drop at the end of the substrate is prevented, and the spacer is locally formed. Concentrated spraying can be prevented.

As described above, when performing the fifth manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention by applying a voltage to the transparent electrode and arranging the charged spacers in the electrode gap, a similar effect is obtained on an area outside the display area. By forming the electric field, the spacers can be arranged over the entire substrate, so that the resulting liquid crystal display device has a uniform cell thickness and high quality display performance without display unevenness. Becomes possible.

A sixth aspect of the present invention is directed to a first substrate including at least a patterned transparent electrode and an alignment film, and a first substrate having one or two or more display areas, and a second substrate opposed to the first substrate. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, comprising dispersing spacers on at least one of the substrates and injecting a liquid crystal into a gap between the two substrates, wherein a spacer charged positively or negatively is dispersed on the substrate. The substrate is placed in close contact with a grounded conductive stage of a size smaller than the substrate size, so that the outer peripheral edge of the substrate floats from the conductive stage, and the transparent electrode on the substrate is charged with the charged polarity of the spacer. This is a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device that applies voltages of the same polarity.

The transparent electrode, the substrate, the spacer, and the method of charging the spacer are not particularly limited, and are the same as those described in the first invention. Further, as described in the second aspect of the present invention, the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display of the fifth aspect of the present invention can be applied to a method of manufacturing a TFT type liquid crystal display.

In the sixth aspect of the present invention, at the time of spraying the spacer, simply applying a voltage having the same polarity as the charged polarity of the spacer to the transparent electrode is similar to that described in detail in the fifth aspect of the present invention. The phenomenon that the number of spacers increases or decreases is seen, and as described in the first and second embodiments of the present invention, when manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, the distortion of the spacer changes, the cell thickness changes, The display of the liquid crystal display device becomes non-uniform.

Further, as shown in FIG. 61, in the substrate, a voltage having the same polarity as the charged polarity of the spacer is applied to the transparent electrode, so that a repulsive force acts on the spacer on the display area, while the conductive stage Is a ground potential, so that an attractive force acts on the charged spacer, so that a repulsive force from within the substrate and an attractive force from the conductive stage act on the outer periphery of the substrate, and the spacer is formed by both effects. Try to escape from inside the substrate.

In order to prevent these phenomena, in the sixth invention, as shown in FIG. 62, when a positively or negatively charged spacer is sprayed on a substrate, a grounded conductive spacer having a size smaller than the size of the substrate is used. The substrate is placed in close contact with the conductive stage, the outer edge of the substrate is floated from the conductive stage, and a voltage having the same polarity as the charged polarity of the spacer is applied to the transparent electrode on the substrate. Since the effect of the ground from the conductive stage is weakened, rather, it tends to be dragged by the potential of the transparent electrode. A decrease in the number can be prevented.

Grounded conductive stage, method of applying a voltage of the same polarity as the charged polarity of the spacer to the transparent electrode formed on the substrate, material of the conductor, shape of the conductor, insulation method between the conductive stage and the conductor The method of applying a voltage to the substrate, the voltage applied to the transparent electrode and the conductive frame on the substrate, and the method of forming the conductive frame are the same as those described in the fourth invention.
The state in which the outer peripheral edge of the substrate floats from the conductive stage is a state in which the substrate protrudes from the conductive stage as shown in FIG.

A specific sixth method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device of the present invention will be described.
The substrate on which the spacers are scattered may be a substrate on which a black matrix is formed, as in the fifth aspect of the invention, and the black matrix may be insulating or conductive, as described above. Similar effects can be obtained.

Preferably, the black matrix is conductive, and the conductive stage is one or two or more having a size smaller than the outer peripheral portion of the frame of the black matrix in each display area of the substrate. In this case, it is possible to further prevent a decrease in the number of spacers arranged on the outer peripheral portion of the substrate.

In the color filter substrate for a liquid crystal display device having the configuration described in detail in the fifth invention, even if a conductive stage smaller than the region where the conductive black matrix is formed is used, the conductive stage of the grounded conductive stage can be used. The effect extends to the entire region of the conductive black matrix and the potential of the conductive black matrix decreases, so that the region of the conductive black matrix can play the effect of the conductive stage.
Therefore, even if the conductive stage is smaller than the substrate, the region where the conductive black matrix exists forms an electric field suitable for disposing the spacer.

At this time, since the region outside the frame of the conductive black matrix is not grounded, the potential of the glass portion of the substrate is dragged by the voltage applied to the transparent electrode, and the potential rises in a direction approaching the potential of the transparent electrode. The state in which the area outside the frame of the conductive black matrix is not grounded is, for example, when the conductive black matrix is cut by the dividing line even if the conductive black matrix is present, the conductive black matrix exists outside the frame of the conductive black matrix. And the like.
In this state, when the potentials in the display area are compared with the potentials outside the display area, a high potential due to the high voltage applied to the transparent electrodes and a low potential between the transparent electrodes exist in the display area.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 63, when a dummy electrode is formed outside the display region, both the dummy electrode and the glass portion of the substrate have a high potential. Therefore, when viewed from the whole substrate, a high potential region is formed outside the display region, and a low potential region is formed in the display region.

Therefore, a region with a high potential outside the display region serves as a wall of repulsion, and prevents the spacer in the display region from escaping outside the display region. Thereby, the number of spacers in the display area becomes uniform, so that the cell thickness is also made uniform, and the liquid crystal display device has uniform display performance.

Even when the substrate on which the spacers are scattered is a multi-panel with a large number of display areas formed, if the black matrix is conductive, the size of the black matrix in each display area is larger than the outer periphery of the frame of the black matrix. By providing a plurality of conductive stages, the same effect as described above can be obtained for all display regions.
In this case, a plurality of divided conductive stages may be provided corresponding to the plurality of display regions, or a groove may be formed in one conductive stage, and a plurality of conductive stages may be provided. Good.

The contact area between the conductive stage and the substrate is preferably 30% or more of the display area.
When a conductive black matrix is formed as described above, even when a conductive stage smaller than that region is installed, the conductive black matrix plays the role of the conductive stage, so the display region is arranged with spacers. A suitable electric field is formed.

However, if the contact area between the conductive stage and the display area (the area of the black matrix) is too small, the effect of grounding is reduced. Therefore, in order to form an electric field suitable for disposing the spacer in the display area, it is preferable that the contact area between the conductive stage and the substrate is 30% or more of the display area area on the substrate. If it is less than 30%, the effect of grounding is weakened, the electric field suitable for disposing the spacer is broken, and it is difficult to dispose the spacer on the outer peripheral portion of the display area.

A seventh aspect of the present invention is a fine particle dispersing apparatus for selectively disposing charged fine particles on a substrate having a plurality of electrodes, the nozzle for dispersing the charged fine particles on the substrate, and the charged fine particles being dispersed. A conductive stage having a fixed position for mounting and holding a substrate to be mounted, a plurality of push-up pins for attaching and detaching the substrate from the conductive stage, and a plurality of electrodes on the substrate mounted on the conductive stage. , A probe that applies a voltage of the same polarity as the charged fine particles, and a conductive stage is composed of a conductor in an electrically insulated state, and the conductor is placed on the upper surface of a substrate installed on the conductive stage. A fine particle dispersing device is a conductive frame in which a voltage having the same polarity as that of the arranged and charged fine particles is applied and an opening is formed below the substrate size.
The transparent electrode, the substrate, the fine particles, and the method of charging the fine particles are the same as those described in the first invention.

Grounded conductive stage, method of applying a voltage of the same polarity as the charged polarity of the spacer to the transparent electrode formed on the substrate, material of the conductor, shape of the conductor, insulation method between the conductive stage and the conductor The method of applying a voltage to the substrate, the voltage applied to the transparent electrode and the conductive frame on the substrate, and the method of forming the conductive frame are the same as those described in the fourth invention.

The fine particle dispersing device according to the seventh aspect of the present invention can be applied to a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device. In this case, as the fine particles, the spacer described in the first aspect of the present invention is used.
Here, it is preferable that the probe and the conductor move up and down in conjunction with each other. It is preferable that the probe and the conductor move up and down integrally. Further, it is preferable that the probe, the conductor, and the push-up pin are driven in conjunction by a single drive source.
Then, it is preferable to apply the same voltage to a plurality of electrodes and conductors simultaneously.

A case where the specific particle dispersing device according to the seventh aspect of the present invention is applied to a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 64 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of the fine particle dispersing device of the seventh invention, FIG. 65 is an explanatory diagram of FIG. 64 at the time of supplying and unloading the substrate, FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory plan view showing a relationship between a substrate and a conductive frame.

As shown in FIG. 64, the fine particle dispersing device conveys, by an air flow, a fine particle tank 11b that supplies a spacer that is fine particles to be sprayed on a substrate together with an air flow, and a spacer supplied by the fine particle tank 11b. It consists of a pipe 17 for charging the spacer by contacting the inner wall of the tube on the way, and a container 10 for spraying the spacer on the substrate. On the side surface, there is provided a robot mechanism 32 for supplying a substrate on which spacers are scattered to the inside of the container 10 and removing the substrate on which the spacers are scattered from the inside of the container 10. .

The container 10 is provided with a nozzle 11a for uniformly dispersing the charged spacer supplied from the fine particle tank 11b through the pipe 17 to a predetermined dispersion range 33 by swinging the container 10 at an upper portion, and a nozzle 11a at a lower portion. A conductive stage 15 for setting and holding the substrate 1 of the liquid crystal display device is arranged. The conductive stage 15 is arranged at a position fixed to the container 10, and the spacers sprayed from the nozzle 11 a fall and are arranged on the substrate 1 installed and held on the upper surface thereof. It is.

The conductive stage 15 is configured to place and hold the substrate 1, and above the substrate 1, a conductive frame 34 that is placed on the upper surface of the substrate 1 is arranged so as to be vertically movable. . The conductive frame 34 is a thin plate-shaped conductor or a surface coated with a conductor, and is sufficiently larger than a spacer distribution area 33 by the nozzle 11a, and as shown in FIG. An opening 34a larger than the display region of the substrate 1 and smaller than the substrate 1 is provided so that the display electrode region formed of the transparent electrode 3 of the substrate 1 serving as a display unit of the device is exposed.

The opening portion 34a is larger than the display region of the liquid crystal display device formed by the base 1 and the like, and is formed outside the display electrode region including the display electrode 3 and serves as a dummy electrode region having an antistatic function. It is preferably smaller than.

Above the conductive frame 34, a probe 35 that can move up and down in conjunction with the conductive frame 34 and applies a voltage to the transparent electrode 3 by pressing its tip against the transparent electrode 3 (preferably a dummy electrode) of the substrate 1. Is provided. The probe 35 is connected to the voltage applying device 12 (see FIG. 64) together with the conductive frame 34, applies a predetermined voltage to the transparent electrode 3 of the substrate 1 and the conductive frame 34, and has the same polarity as the charged spacer. Is applied.

Here, it is preferable that the probe 35 is urged downward by a spring (not shown) so as to stably contact the transparent electrode 3 on the substrate 1. When it is urged downward by a spring, it may be fixed to the conductive frame 34 as shown in FIG. 66, or when the same voltage is applied to the conductive frame 34 and the transparent electrode 3 on the substrate 1. Alternatively, a conducting part (not shown) for the probe 35 and the transparent electrode 3 on the substrate 1 provided on the lower surface of the conductive frame 34 may be provided.

When supplying or unloading the substrate 1 placed and held on the upper surface of the conductive stage 15, as shown in FIG. 65, a plurality of substrates for pushing up the substrate 1 and enabling the arm 32 a of the robot device 32 to be inserted are provided. A push-up pin 36 is provided through the conductive stage 15.

These push-up pins 36 push up the substrate 1 to allow the arm 32a of the robot device 32 to be inserted, and the substrate 1 that is electrostatically attracted and adhered by the voltage applied when the spacers are sprayed by the nozzle 11a. And the conductive stage 15 are peeled off while introducing air from the outer peripheral portion of the substrate. In order to easily introduce air from the outer peripheral portion of the substrate, the push-up pins on the outer peripheral portion of the substrate are slightly lengthened to push the central portion. It is preferred that the lifting pins be slightly shorter.

Further, in order to easily peel off the substrate 1 from the conductive stage 15, an air hole (not shown) is provided in the conductive stage 15, and air may be supplied between the conductive stage 15 and the substrate 1 therefrom. It is possible. In this case, it is not necessary to increase the length of the push-up pins 36 on the outer peripheral portion of the substrate.

When such an air hole is provided, when the substrate 1 is placed on the upper surface of the conductive stage 15 and held, the substrate 1 and the conductive stage 15 are brought into close contact with each other by vacuum, and When the substrate 1 is pushed up, the substrate 1 can be easily peeled off by blowing air.

The push-up pins 36 and the conductive frame 34 are connected to a single drive mechanism 31. In the seventh embodiment of the present invention, the driving mechanism 31 is a flat plate disposed below the conductive stage 15, and the flat driving mechanism 31 is vertically moved by a driving source (not shown). As a result, the push-up pin 36 and the conductive frame 34 move up and down.

When supplying or unloading the substrate 1, as shown in FIG. 65, the conductive frame 34 is first raised to enable the push-up pins 36 to be lifted, and then the push-up pins 36 are lifted to make the substrate 1 conductive. It must be lifted off the stage 15.

For this reason, in the seventh embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 66, a gap A is provided between the substrate 1 and the push-up pins 36 at the lowered position of the drive mechanism 31, and when the drive mechanism 31 is raised, At first, only the conductive frame 34 is raised, and after the conductive frame 34 is raised by the gap A, the push-up pins 36 are raised to peel the substrate 1 from the conductive stage 15 and lift it.

In this manner, by providing a gap between the substrate 1 and the conductive frame 34 by the gap A at the ascending position of the drive mechanism 31, when the substrate 1 is supplied and unloaded by the robot apparatus 32, the substrate 1 is pushed. A gap for slightly raising the arm 32a so as not to contact the raising pin 36 is secured.

FIG. 67 shows an example of a specific arrangement of the push-up pins 36, the push-up shaft 34b of the conductive frame 34, and the arm 32a of the robot device 32. As shown in FIG. 67, it is preferable to provide a large number of push-up pins 36 so that the substrate 1 is not damaged when the substrate 1 is peeled from the conductive stage 15.

Further, it is desirable that the push-up shaft 34b of the conductive frame 34 is arranged around the substrate 1 or the conductive stage 15 so as not to interfere with the conductive shaft 34b. The imaginary line drawn on the left side of FIG. 67 is the arm 32a of the robot device 32. The arm 32a is divided into a plurality of arms 32a so as not to interfere with the push-up pin 36 or the push-up shaft 34b of the conductive frame 34. A suction cup 32b for sucking and holding the substrate 1 is provided.

FIG. 68 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a line 37 indicating an equipotential when a voltage is applied to the conductive frame 34 and the transparent electrode 3 of the substrate 1. As shown in FIG. 68, the potential is high at the position between the conductive frame 34 and the transparent electrode 3, and is low at the electrode gap (electrode gap), that is, the transparent electrode gap and the gap between the conductive frame 34 and the transparent electrode 3. I have.

Since the spacers sprayed from the nozzle 11a are charged to the same polarity as the polarity of the voltage applied to the conductive frame 34 and the transparent electrode portion 3, the spacers fall while repelling due to the repulsive force of the electric field on the substrate, and have a low potential. And then fall intensively in the gap between the electrodes, that is, the gap between the transparent electrodes and the gap between the conductive frame 34 and the transparent electrode 3.

Further, since the outside of the conductive frame 34 is largely out of the dispersion range 33 of the spacer, the spacer does not fall outside the conductive frame 34 even if there is a repulsion due to a repulsive force. , Falls only in the gap between the transparent electrode and the gap between the conductive frame 34 and the transparent electrode 3.

The voltage applied to the conductive frame 34 and the transparent electrode 3 may be selected so that the spacers fall at an appropriate ratio into the gap between the transparent electrode and the gap between the conductive frame 34 and the transparent electrode 3. By selecting the width of the gap between the transparent electrode 3 and the width of the gap between the conductive frame 34 and the transparent electrode 3 so that the spacers fall at an appropriate ratio, a voltage is applied to the transparent electrode 3 and the conductive frame 34 of the substrate 1. When the voltage is gradually applied or removed, the same voltage can be simultaneously applied or removed to facilitate the control of the voltage in the power supply device 12.
As described above, the seventh embodiment of the present invention has been described. However, the seventh present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and various modifications may be made without departing from the gist of the seventh present invention. It goes without saying that improvements and changes may be made to.

The eighth invention is a liquid crystal display device manufactured by the method of the first invention for dispersing fine particles.
A ninth aspect of the present invention is a liquid crystal display device manufactured by the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to the second or third aspect of the present invention.
A tenth aspect of the present invention is a liquid crystal display device manufactured by the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the fourth, fifth or sixth aspect of the present invention using the fine particle scattering device of the seventh aspect of the present invention.
Eighth, ninth, and tenth liquid crystal display devices of the present invention have a uniform cell thickness and high-quality display performance without display unevenness.

Since the method for dispersing fine particles of the present invention is as described above, a predetermined amount of fine particles can be arranged at a desired position, and a spacer can be arranged between electrodes in a liquid crystal display device, and the aperture ratio is sacrificed. Further, by applying a voltage to the electrodes outside the display area, it is possible to appropriately arrange the spacers between the electrodes at the end of the display electrode area.

Since the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention is as described above, when performing a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device by applying a voltage to a transparent electrode and disposing a charged spacer in an electrode gap, STN Even in the case of a striped transparent electrode such as a liquid crystal display device, spacers can be selectively arranged only between predetermined transparent electrodes, that is, only in a black matrix portion, between adjacent transparent electrodes, and the display area In the vicinity of the edge of the display region, the arrangement density of the spacers can be controlled in the same manner as in the central portion of the display region, so that the arrangement density of the spacers in the display region can be made uniform, and without sacrificing the aperture ratio. It is possible to provide a liquid crystal display device with improved contrast by preventing light leakage.

In addition, since the spacers can be arranged over the entire substrate, the resulting liquid crystal display device can have a uniform cell thickness and have high-quality display performance without display unevenness. There is no need to provide a dummy electrode that is sufficiently wider than the range over which the spacers are scattered outside the display area, and the spacers can be scattered at predetermined locations other than the electrodes.
Further, since the liquid crystal display device of the present invention has the above-described configuration, the liquid crystal display device has a uniform cell thickness and high-quality display performance without display unevenness.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

Example 1
A pair of insulating substrates made of soda glass having outer dimensions of 370 × 480 mm and a thickness of 0.7 mm, and one of the green substrates 1 is provided with a color filter made of RGB on which a black matrix 5 as a light shielding film is formed. 4 and an overcoat 6 for protecting the color filter 4 were formed. On the overcoat 6, a stripe-shaped display electrode 3 made of ITO was formed, and an alignment film 9 made of a polyimide resin was further formed. After performing an alignment treatment, a sealing material 24 was applied by a screen printing method. Glass beads serving as spacers 25 in the seal were mixed in the seal material 24.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 69, on the other insulative substrate 1, stripe-shaped display electrodes 3 each having a width of 285 μm and made of an ITO electrode having a thickness of 300 nm are formed at an interval of 15 μm, and a voltage is applied to the display electrodes 3. A dummy electrode 21 was formed on the side without the auxiliary electrode 20, and an insulating film 23 and an alignment film 9 made of a polyimide resin were formed. The insulating film 23 may not be formed in some cases.

Here, the dummy electrodes 21 are electrically connected to each other by a conductive material (there is an effect of reducing the number of power supply units). In FIG. 69, the dummy electrodes 21 are arranged only on the upper and lower right sides of the effective display area. This is because the auxiliary electrode 20 for supplying power to the display electrodes is provided outside the effective display area in the left direction. This is for producing the same effect as the electrode 21.

Then, on the other insulating substrate 1, BBS-60510-PH (manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.), which is a synthetic resin fine particle, was used as a spacer, and was sprayed by being negatively charged. At this time, in FIG. 5, -2 kV was applied to the display electrode 3 and the dummy electrode 21, respectively.
As a result, the spacers 8 can be arranged only between the display electrodes 3, and the selective arrangement of the spacers 8 between the electrodes is improved compared to the case where the dummy electrodes 21 are not provided.

Next, the pair of insulating substrates 1 are bonded to each other, heated and pressurized at 180 ° C. and 0.8 kg / cm ² , after-baked at 150 ° C., and cut to separate unnecessary portions. Was. At this time, the auxiliary electrode 20 and the dummy electrode 21 were separated and removed. Thereafter, a liquid crystal 7 was injected, and a liquid crystal display device (shown in FIG. 70) in which a pair of insulating substrates was bonded was manufactured.

Example 2
As a pair of insulating substrates made of soda glass having an outer dimension of 370 × 480 mm and a thickness of 0.7 mm, one of the insulating substrates 1 has a color filter 4 made of RGB on which a black matrix 5 as a light shielding film is formed. And an overcoat 6 for protecting the color filters 4. On the overcoat 6, a stripe-shaped display electrode 3 made of ITO was formed, and an alignment film 9 made of a polyimide resin was further formed. After performing an alignment treatment, a sealing material 24 was applied by a screen printing method. Glass beads serving as spacers 25 in the seal were mixed in the seal material 24.

As shown in FIGS. 11 and 13 to 16, on the other insulating substrate 1, stripe-shaped display electrodes 3a and 3b each having a width of 285 μm and made of an ITO electrode having a thickness of 300 nm are formed at an interval of 15 μm, and the auxiliary electrodes 20a are formed. , 20b and the attached electrode 29 were formed, and further, the insulating film 23 and the alignment film 9 made of a polyimide resin were formed. The insulating film 23 may not be formed in some cases.

Then, on the other insulating substrate 1, BBS-60510-PH (manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.), which is a synthetic resin fine particle, was used as a spacer, and was sprayed by being negatively charged. At this time, in FIGS. 11 and 13 to 16, −500 V was applied to the display electrode 3 a and −700 V was applied to the display electrode 3 b, and the potential difference between the display electrodes 3 a and 3 b was 200 V. At this time, the same -700 V as that of the display electrode 3b was applied to the additional electrode 29.

As a result, the spacers 8 can be arranged only between the display electrodes 3a, and the spacers 8 arranged between the display electrodes 3a, including between the display electrodes 3a near the ends of the display area 30, can be uniformly arranged in the display area 30. I was able to.
Further, the spacers 8 can be intensively arranged at the central portion between the display electrodes 3a, and the probability that the spacers 8 are arranged at the edge portions of the display electrodes 3a can be reduced.

Next, the pair of insulating substrates 1 are bonded to each other, heated and pressurized at 180 ° C. and 0.8 kg / cm ² , after-baked at 150 ° C., and cut to separate unnecessary portions. Was. At this time, the auxiliary electrodes 20a and 20b and the attached electrode 29 were separated and removed. Thereafter, a liquid crystal 7 was injected, and a liquid crystal display device (shown in FIG. 70) in which a pair of insulating substrates was bonded was manufactured.

Example 3
As shown in FIGS. 11 and 17 to 20, +500 V is applied to the display electrode 3 a and +300 V is applied to the display electrode 3 b to the other insulating substrate 1, the potential difference between the display electrodes 3 a and 3 b is set to 200 V, and the additional electrode 29 is applied. , Spacers 8 were sprayed in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the same +500 V as that of the display electrode 3a was applied.

As a result, the spacers 8 can be arranged only between the display electrodes 3a, and the spacers 8 arranged between the display electrodes 3a, including between the display electrodes 3a near the ends of the display area 30, can be uniformly arranged in the display area 30. I was able to.
Next, a liquid crystal display device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2.

Example 4
As shown in FIGS. 12, 17 and 21 to 23, +50 V is applied to the display electrode 3a and -150 V is applied to the display electrode 3b to the other insulating substrate 1, and the potential difference between the display electrodes 3a and 3b is set to 200V. The spacer 8 was sprayed in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the conductive wire 18 was connected to the attached electrode 29 and -100 V was applied.

As a result, the spacers 8 can be arranged only between the display electrodes 3a, and the spacers 8 arranged between the display electrodes 3a, including between the display electrodes 3a near the ends of the display area 30, can be uniformly arranged in the display area 30. I was able to.
Next, a liquid crystal display device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2.

Example 5
As shown in FIGS. 12, 17 and 24 to 26, +150 V is applied to the display electrode 3a and -50 V is applied to the display electrode 3b to the other insulating substrate 1, and the potential difference between the display electrodes 3a and 3b is set to 200V. The spacers 8 were sprayed in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the conducting wire 18 was connected to the attached electrode 29 and +100 V was applied.

As a result, the spacers 8 can be arranged only between the display electrodes 3a, and the spacers 8 arranged between the display electrodes 3a, including between the display electrodes 3a near the ends of the display area 30, can be uniformly arranged in the display area 30. I was able to.
Next, a liquid crystal display device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2.

Example 6
As shown in FIGS. 27 to 31, +50 V is applied to the display electrode 3 a and −150 V is applied to the display electrode 3 b to the other insulating substrate 1, and the potential difference between the display electrodes 3 a and 3 b is set to 200 V. The spacers 8 were sprayed in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the conductive wire 18 was connected and -100 V was applied.

As a result, the spacers 8 can be arranged only between the display electrodes 3a, and the spacers 8 arranged between the display electrodes 3a, including between the display electrodes 3a near the ends of the display area 30, can be uniformly arranged in the display area 30. I was able to.
Next, a liquid crystal display device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2.

Example 7
As shown in FIGS. 32 to 35, -300 V is applied to the display electrode 3a and the additional electrode 29a, and -500V is applied to the display electrode 3b and the additional electrode 29b, and the potential difference between the display electrodes 3a and 3b is applied to the other insulating substrate 1. The spacer 8 was sprayed in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the voltage was changed to 200 V.

As a result, the spacers 8 can be arranged only between the display electrodes 3a, and the spacers 8 arranged between the display electrodes 3a, including between the display electrodes 3a near the ends of the display area 30, can be uniformly arranged in the display area 30. I was able to.
Next, a liquid crystal display device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2.

Example 8
As shown in FIGS. 11, 17 and 36 to 38, +300 V is applied to the display electrode 3 a and +500 is applied to the display electrode 3 b on the other insulating substrate 1, and the potential difference between the display electrodes 3 a and 3 b is set to 200 V. The spacers 8 were sprayed on the additional electrodes 29 in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the same +500 V as that for the display electrodes 3b was applied.

As a result, the spacers 8 can be arranged only between the display electrodes 3a, and the spacers 8 arranged between the display electrodes 3a, including between the display electrodes 3a near the ends of the display area 30, can be uniformly arranged in the display area 30. I was able to.

Further, the spacers 8 can be intensively arranged at the central portion between the display electrodes 3a, and the probability that the spacers 8 are arranged at the edge portions of the display electrodes 3a can be reduced.
Next, a liquid crystal display device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2.

Example 9
Common electrode substrate for STN type liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 45 (color filter forming substrate having a plate thickness of 0.7 mm: openings of each RGB pixel 80 × 285 μm, black matrix line width 20 μm, ITO electrode width 290 μm, electrode spacing) (After arranging the spacers, the conductive lines are cut to form a common electrode substrate similar to the conventional one.)
On this substrate, a 0.05 μm-thick polyimide alignment film was formed and subjected to a rubbing treatment.

As a dispersing device, a spacer dispersing device shown in FIG. 71 was used, and an antistatic mat having a surface resistance of 10 ⁷ Ωcm or less was closely adhered on a grounded aluminum conductive stage below the dispersing device main body. The substrate was placed in close contact with the substrate. Further, two connection terminals for voltage application connected to the voltage application device are provided in the spraying device main body, wires are drawn into the spraying device, and different DC voltages are applied to the transparent electrodes formed on the substrate. It can be applied.

Micropearl BB-6.8 μm-PH (trade name, manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) was prepared as a spacer.
Next, a voltage application terminal is connected, a voltage of -2.7 kV is applied to two conductive portions (conductive lines (A)) of the 2: 1 comb-shaped electrode, and the other conductive portion (conductive lines (B )) Was applied with a voltage of -2.8 kV.

Next, a conductive portion (conductive line (A)) to which a voltage of -2.7 kV was applied and each dummy electrode were connected using wiring, so that they had the same potential (in FIG. 45, further using wiring. The conduction line (A) and the dummy electrode were conducted).

In this state, the spacer was sprayed on the substrate with compressed air by passing the spacer through a stainless steel pipe charged negatively (-). At this time, it was previously confirmed that the spacer was charged to a negative polarity.

Observation of the substrate on which the spacers were scattered by an optical microscope revealed that the spacers were uniformly arranged over the entire substrate in the black matrix portion between the two adjacent electrodes where a voltage of -2.7 kV was applied.

Comparative Example 1
The same operation as in Example 9 was performed except that no voltage was applied to the dummy electrode.
When the substrate on which the spacers were scattered was observed with an optical microscope, it was found that the spacers were arranged in the black matrix portion between the two adjacent electrodes where a voltage of -2.7 kV was applied. The number of spacers from the point to the inside around 10 mm was very small.

Example 10
Using a substrate in which the conductive portion (conductive line (B)) on one side of the 2: 1 comb-shaped electrode shown in FIG. 44 and the dummy electrode are connected, the conduction on the two sides of the 2: 1 comb-shaped electrode is used. As in Example 9, except that a voltage of -2.7 kV was applied to the portion (conductive line (A)) and a voltage of -2.8 kV was applied to the other conductive portion (conductive line (B)). Operated.

Observation of the substrate on which the spacers were scattered by an optical microscope revealed that the spacers were uniformly arranged over the entire substrate in the black matrix portion between the two adjacent electrodes where a voltage of -2.7 kV was applied.

Example 11
The same operation as in Example 9 was performed, except that each of the dummy electrodes was turned on, and a voltage of -2.75 kV was applied using another voltage application device.
Observation of the substrate on which the spacers were scattered by an optical microscope revealed that the spacers were uniformly arranged over the entire substrate in the black matrix portion between the two adjacent electrodes where a voltage of -2.7 kV was applied.

Example 12
As a substrate, a common electrode substrate for an STN type liquid crystal display device (a color filter forming substrate having a glass thickness of 0.7 mm: the opening of each RGB pixel is 80 × 280 μm, a black matrix line width made of chromium metal is 35 μm, an overcoat layer made of acrylic resin) 3.0 μm, an ITO electrode width of 290 μm, and an electrode interval of 25 μm) were prepared.
On this substrate, a 0.05 μm-thick polyimide alignment film was formed and subjected to a rubbing treatment.

The ITO electrode was formed as shown in FIG.
As a spraying device, a spraying device manufactured by Nisshin Engineering Co., Ltd. as shown in FIG. 71 was used, and as a spacer, Micropearl BB, 7.25 μm-PH (trade name, manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) was prepared.

In the spraying device, a grounded aluminum stage and an aluminum conductive frame as shown in FIG. 46 are installed, the stage and the conductive frame are insulated with butyl rubber-based resin, and as shown in FIG. A voltage can be applied to both of the dummy electrodes. The probe had a size such that one probe could be used to hold several electrodes.

The same voltage of -2.0 KV was applied to the dummy electrode and the ITO display electrode by applying -2.0 KV to the conductive frame by a voltage application device.
In this state, spacers were sprayed on the substrate. The spacer was charged to a negative polarity (-) by spraying.
Observation of the substrate on which the spacers were scattered with an optical microscope revealed that the spacers were arranged between the electrodes (black matrix portion), and were evenly arranged on the outermost periphery of the display.

Example 13
In the twelfth embodiment, a substrate having a structure as shown in FIG. 2 in which a dummy electrode and a display electrode are electrically connected is used, and the structure of a stage and a conductive frame is shown in FIG. 46. Was carried out in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the procedure was performed as shown in FIG. 49.
Observation of the substrate on which the spacers were scattered with an optical microscope revealed that the spacers were arranged between the electrodes (black matrix portion), and were evenly arranged on the outermost periphery of the display.

Example 14
The stage and the conductive frame have a structure as shown in FIG. 47, a substrate having an electrode structure as shown in FIG. 2 is used, terminals from the voltage applying device are connected to the dummy electrodes, and -2.0 KV is applied to the ITO display electrodes and the dummy electrodes. Applied.
Using another power source, a voltage of -2.7 KV was applied to the conductive frame. In this state, spacers were sprayed as in Example 12.
Observation of the substrate on which the spacers were scattered with an optical microscope revealed that the spacers were arranged between the electrodes (black matrix portion), and were evenly arranged on the outermost periphery of the display.

Comparative Example 2
In Example 12, the substrate was directly placed on the stage without using a conductive frame, and a voltage of -2.0 KV was applied by applying a voltage to only the ITO display electrode with a rod-shaped electrode. In this state, spacers were sprayed in the same manner as in Example 12.
When the substrate on which the spacers were scattered was observed with an optical microscope, the spacers were arranged between the electrodes in the central region of the substrate, but no spacers existed at about 30 mm around the outermost periphery of the display.

Example 15
As a substrate, a common electrode substrate for an STN type liquid crystal display device (a color filter forming substrate having a glass thickness of 0.7 mm: the opening of each RGB pixel is 80 × 280 μm, a black matrix line width made of chromium metal is 35 μm, an overcoat layer made of an acrylic resin) 3.0 μm, an ITO electrode width of 290 μm, and an electrode interval of 25 μm) were prepared.
On this substrate, a 0.05 μm-thick polyimide alignment film was formed and subjected to a rubbing treatment.

The ITO electrode was formed as shown in FIG. 2, and as shown in FIG. 72, a voltage was applied to the dummy electrode so that the voltage was applied to all the ITO electrodes on the substrate.
As a spraying device, a DISPA-μR (trade name) spraying device manufactured by Nisshin Engineering Co., Ltd. was used. As shown in FIG. 73, a partition made of chromium foil was provided on a polyvinyl chloride resin flat plate in the spraying device. Was grounded as a conductive stage, a conductive frame was formed on the outer periphery thereof, and a terminal of a voltage applying device was connected to a part of the conductive frame so that a voltage could be supplied from the terminal.

The positional relationship between the substrate, the stage, and the conductive frame was as shown in FIG. In other words, the conductive stage is smaller than the substrate size and has a size that reaches the dummy electrode region (the region outside the dividing line), and the conductive frame is formed from the dummy electrode region to the outside of the substrate. The area occupied by the conductive stage and the conductive frame is [conductive stage section]> [conductive frame section], and the back of the substrate end is in contact with the conductive frame.

Micropearl BB-PH (trade name) manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd .; particle diameter 7.25 μm was prepared as a spacer.
Then, -2.0 kV was applied to the conductive frame by a voltage application device, so that -2.0 kV was also applied to the dummy electrode and the ITO electrode. In this state, spacers were sprayed on the substrate. At this time, it was previously confirmed that the spacer was negatively charged.

When the substrate on which the spacers were scattered was observed with an optical microscope, the spacers were arranged in the gaps between the electrodes. That is, they were arranged in the black matrix portion. Further, the spacers are also uniformly arranged on the outer periphery of the display area.

Then, using this substrate, a liquid crystal display device was completed by a usual method. The completed liquid crystal display device is different from the case where the spacers are scattered by the conventional method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device. Since the spacers are not present in the pixel portion, the contrast is high, and the spacers are arranged over the entire substrate. It had a display performance of excellent display uniformity.

Example 16
The same operation as in Example 15 was performed, except that the conductive stage and the conductive frame were formed of separate stainless steel plates. The conductive frame was fixed in the spraying device with a Teflon support rod, and the conductive stage and the conductive frame were insulated by air.

When the substrate on which the spacers were scattered was observed with an optical microscope, the spacers were arranged in the gaps between the electrodes. That is, they were arranged in the black matrix portion. Further, the spacers are also uniformly arranged on the outer periphery of the display area.

Then, using this substrate, a liquid crystal display device was completed by a usual method. The completed liquid crystal display device is different from the case where the spacers are scattered by the conventional liquid crystal display device manufacturing method. It had a display performance of excellent display uniformity.

Example 17
The same operation as in Example 15 was performed except that the positional relationship between the substrate, the stage, and the conductive frame was as shown in FIG. In other words, the conductive stage is smaller than the substrate size and has a size that reaches the dummy electrode region (region outside the dividing line), and the conductive frame is formed outside without overlapping with the dummy electrode. Then, the back of the end of the substrate was brought into contact with the conductive frame.

When the substrate on which the spacers were scattered was observed with an optical microscope, the spacers were arranged in the gaps between the electrodes. That is, they were arranged in the black matrix portion. Further, the spacers are also uniformly arranged on the outer periphery of the display area.

Then, using this substrate, a liquid crystal display device was completed by a usual method. The completed liquid crystal display device is different from the case where the spacers are scattered by the conventional method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device. Since the spacers are not present in the pixel portion, the contrast is high, and the spacers are arranged over the entire substrate. It had a display performance of excellent display uniformity.

Example 18
An operation was performed in the same manner as in Example 15 except that the black matrix formed on the substrate was made of resin, and the positional relationship between the substrate, the stage, and the conductive frame was as shown in FIG. In other words, the size of the conductive stage substantially coincides with the region where the transparent electrode exists, the conductive frame is formed from the region where the transparent electrode does not exist, and the back of the substrate end is in contact with the conductive frame.

When the substrate on which the spacers were scattered was observed with an optical microscope, the spacers were arranged in the gaps between the electrodes. That is, they were arranged in the black matrix portion. Further, the spacers are also uniformly arranged on the outer periphery of the display area.

Then, using this substrate, a liquid crystal display device was completed by a usual method. The completed liquid crystal display device is different from the case where the spacers are scattered by the conventional method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device. Since the spacers are not present in the pixel portion, the contrast is high, and the spacers are arranged over the entire substrate. It had a display performance of excellent display uniformity.

Comparative Example 3
The operation was performed in the same manner as in Example 16 except that the conductive stage was made of stainless steel, the size was the same, and the conductive frame was removed to leave no conductive frame.
When the substrate on which the spacers were scattered was observed with an optical microscope, it was found that the spacers were arranged in the gaps between the electrodes in the central region of the substrate, but no spacers existed at about 30 mm around the outermost periphery of the display region.

Then, using this substrate, a liquid crystal display device was completed by a usual method. The completed liquid crystal display had high display performance near the center of the substrate, but had display unevenness because the cell thickness at the outer periphery of the substrate was reduced.

Example 19
The operation was performed in the same manner as in Example 15 except that the position of the conductive frame was set so as to reach the inside of the display area, the back of the end of the substrate was in contact with the conductive frame, and the conductive stage was smaller than that.

When the substrate on which the spacers were scattered was observed with an optical microscope, it was found that the spacers were slightly arranged in the gaps between the electrodes, but many spacers were arranged on the pixels.
Then, using this substrate, a liquid crystal display device was completed by a usual method. The completed liquid crystal display device had lower contrast than that obtained in Example 15.

Example 20
As a substrate, a common electrode substrate for an STN type liquid crystal display device (a color filter forming substrate having a glass thickness of 0.7 mm: an opening of each pixel of RGB is 80 × 280 μm, a resin black matrix line width is 35 μm, and an overcoat layer made of acrylic resin 3) 0.0 μm, an ITO electrode width of 290 μm, and an electrode interval of 25 μm).

On this substrate, a 0.05 μm-thick polyimide alignment film was formed and subjected to a rubbing treatment.
The substrate used was a two-chamfered substrate in which two display areas were formed on one substrate.
The ITO electrode was formed as shown in FIG. 2 from about 10 mm inside the substrate, and when a voltage was applied to the dummy electrode, the voltage was applied to all the ITO electrodes on the substrate.

As a dispersing device, a DISPA-μR (trade name) dispersing device manufactured by Nisshin Engineering Co., Ltd. as shown in FIG. 74 was used, and as shown in FIG. It was set in the spraying device using the one having a size approximately 10 mm inside from the end of the substrate.

Micropearl BB-PH (trade name) manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd .; particle diameter 7.25 μm was prepared as a spacer.
Next, a terminal from a DC power supply was connected to a dummy electrode on the substrate, -2.0 kV was applied to all ITO electrodes on the substrate, and spacers were sprayed on the substrate while maintaining this state. At this time, it was previously confirmed that the spacer was negatively charged.

When the substrate on which the spacers were scattered was observed with an optical microscope, the spacers were arranged in the gaps between the electrodes. That is, they were arranged in the black matrix portion.
Thereafter, using this substrate, a liquid crystal display device was completed by an ordinary method. The completed liquid crystal display device has a high contrast because the spacer is not present in the pixel portion, unlike the case where the spacers are scattered by the conventional liquid crystal display device manufacturing method, and the spacers are arranged over the entire display area. The display had good display uniformity.

Example 21
As a black matrix, a chrome black matrix having a line width of 35 μm is used, and as a conductive stage, as shown in FIGS. 63 and 74, two display areas on the substrate correspond to 5 mm inside from the frame of the black matrix. The spacers were sprayed in the same manner as in Example 20 except that the one divided into two pieces was used.

When the substrate on which the spacers were scattered was observed with an optical microscope, the spacers were arranged in the gaps between the electrodes. That is, they were arranged in the black matrix portion.
Then, using this substrate, a liquid crystal display device was completed by a usual method. The completed liquid crystal display device has a high contrast because the spacer is not present in the pixel portion, unlike the case where the spacers are scattered by the conventional liquid crystal display device manufacturing method, and the spacers are arranged over the entire display area. The display had good display uniformity.

Comparative Example 4
Spacers were sprayed in the same manner as in Example 20, except that a conductive stage that was 50 mm larger than the substrate was used.
When the substrate on which the spacers were scattered was observed with an optical microscope, the spacers were arranged in the gaps between the electrodes, that is, in the black matrix portion, but almost no spacers were arranged in the vicinity of the outer periphery of the display area of 30 mm.

Thereafter, using this substrate, a liquid crystal display device was completed by an ordinary method. The completed liquid crystal display device had high contrast and good display performance near the center of the display area.However, the outer periphery of the display area did not have spacers, so the cell thickness was reduced and display unevenness was reduced. Had.

Example 22
Spacers were sprayed in the same manner as in Example 21 except that the conductive stages having sizes of 40%, 30%, and 20% of the display area were used.
The substrates on which the spacers were scattered were observed with an optical microscope, and thereafter, using these substrates, a liquid crystal display device was completed by an ordinary method.

When a conductive stage having a size of 40% of the display area is used, the spacers are arranged in the gaps between the electrodes, that is, in the black matrix portion, as in the twenty-first embodiment. Since there is no spacer, the contrast is high, and since the spacers are arranged over the entire display area, the display performance is excellent in uniform display.

When a conductive stage having a size of 30% of the display area was used, spacers were slightly arranged in the pixel portion. However, the completed liquid crystal display device has a small number of spacers arranged in the pixel portion. There was almost no effect on the contrast, and the contrast was high.
When a conductive stage having a size of 20% of the display area was used, spacers were arranged almost randomly on the display area, and no improvement in contrast was observed in the completed liquid crystal display device.

Example 23
First, the substrate 1 on which the spacers were scattered was supplied onto the conductive stage 15 by using a fine particle scattering apparatus as shown in FIGS. The supply of the substrate 1 is performed by taking out the substrate 1 from the stock position of the substrate (not shown) by the arm 32a of the robot device 32, and raising the drive mechanism 31 to raise the push-up pins 36 and the conductive frame 34. A gap for inserting the substrate 1 with the conductive frame 34 was created.

Next, the lid 10a of the opening provided at a position facing the robot device 32 of the container 10 is opened, the arm 32a of the robot device 32 is inserted, and the arm 32a further advances to push up the pin 36 and the conductive frame 34. And the substrate 1 was inserted between them. Subsequently, the push-up pins 36 and the conductive frame 34 are lowered to supply and install the substrate 1 on the conductive stage 15, and the conductive frame 34 is further lowered and installed and held on the conductive stage 15. .

At this time, the probe 35 also descends with the conductive frame 34, and the tip of the probe 35 contacts the transparent electrode 3 of the substrate 1 to complete preparation for applying a voltage to the conductive frame 34 and the transparent electrode 3 of the substrate 1. Next, a voltage of +1 kV was gradually applied to the conductive frame 34 and the transparent electrode 3 of the substrate 1. (Abruptly applying a high voltage is not preferable because it may cause troubles such as breaking the insulation of the transparent electrode 3).

At this time, the conductive stage 15 is grounded as shown in FIG. 64, and the substrate 1 is formed of an insulator. The substrate 1 was fixed by being attracted to the conductive stage 15. If necessary, the substrate 1 may be positioned at a predetermined position on the conductive stage 15 by using positioning pins or the like.

Then, the spacer was charged from the nozzle 11a to a positive polarity and sprayed.
As a result, as shown in FIG. 68, the spacers were scattered intensively in the gap between the transparent electrode 3 and the gap between the conductive frame 34 and the transparent electrode 3.

In this way, the substrate 1 in which the spacer is disposed only in the gap between the electrode and the gap between the conductive frame 34 and the electrode 3 is gradually lowered again in voltage, and is carried out to the stock position of the finished product by the robot device 32. (The operation procedure at this time is only a reverse process to the supply of the substrate 1).

Since the method for dispersing fine particles of the present invention is as described above, a predetermined amount of fine particles can be arranged at a desired position, and a spacer can be arranged between electrodes in a liquid crystal display device, and the aperture ratio is sacrificed. Further, by applying a voltage to the electrodes outside the display area, it is possible to appropriately arrange the spacers between the electrodes at the end of the display electrode area.

Since the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention is as described above, when performing a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device by applying a voltage to a transparent electrode and disposing a charged spacer in an electrode gap, STN Even in the case of a striped transparent electrode such as a liquid crystal display device, spacers can be selectively arranged only between predetermined transparent electrodes, that is, only in a black matrix portion, between adjacent transparent electrodes, and the display area In the vicinity of the edge of the display region, the arrangement density of the spacers can be controlled in the same manner as in the central portion of the display region, so that the arrangement density of the spacers in the display region can be made uniform, and without sacrificing the aperture ratio. It is possible to provide a liquid crystal display device with improved contrast by preventing light leakage.

In addition, since the spacers can be arranged over the entire substrate, the resulting liquid crystal display device can have a uniform cell thickness and have high-quality display performance without display unevenness. There is no need to provide a dummy electrode that is sufficiently wider than the range over which the spacers are scattered outside the display area, and the spacers can be scattered at predetermined locations other than the electrodes.
Further, since the liquid crystal display device of the present invention has the above-described configuration, the liquid crystal display device has a uniform cell thickness and high-quality display performance without display unevenness.

FIG. 9 is a conceptual cross-sectional view for explaining an equipotential surface on a substrate in a conventional liquid crystal display device manufacturing method. FIG. 4 is a conceptual plan view of a relationship between a transparent electrode and a dummy electrode formed on a substrate in a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, as viewed from above, where the dummy electrode has conduction. FIG. 4 is a conceptual plan view of a relationship between a transparent electrode and a dummy electrode in a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention, as viewed from above, in a case where the dummy electrode has no conduction. It is a sectional conceptual diagram of a spacer spraying device used by an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing an electrode pattern according to the present invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the arrangement method of the spacer concerning this invention. FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a method of arranging spacers by a macro electric field according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the conventional method of arranging a spacer by a macro electric field. FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing a relatively high potential (+ (positive)) region and a relatively low potential (− (negative)) region formed on a stripe-shaped transparent electrode. It is the figure seen from the upper part. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the inconvenience when a transparent electrode is applied in the polarity opposite to the polarity of spacer charging. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an electrode pattern according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an electrode pattern according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a plan view showing an electrode pattern of one of the insulating substrates when two liquid crystal display devices are manufactured from a pair of insulating substrates according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the arrangement method by the electric field of the spacer in the display area center part concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the arrangement method by the electric field of the spacer near the edge part of the display area concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining movement of the spacer by the electric field as the whole display area concerning the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a plan view showing an electrode pattern of one of the insulating substrates when two liquid crystal display devices are manufactured from a pair of insulating substrates according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the arrangement method by the electric field of the spacer in the display area center part concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the arrangement method by the electric field of the spacer near the edge part of the display area concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining movement of the spacer by the electric field as the whole display area concerning the embodiment of the present invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the arrangement method by the electric field of the spacer in the display area center part concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the arrangement method by the electric field of the spacer near the edge part of the display area concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining movement of the spacer by the electric field as the whole display area concerning the embodiment of the present invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the arrangement method by the electric field of the spacer in the display area center part concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the arrangement method by the electric field of the spacer near the edge part of the display area concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining movement of the spacer by the electric field as the whole display area concerning the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an electrode pattern according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a plan view showing an electrode pattern of one of the insulating substrates when two liquid crystal display devices are manufactured from a pair of insulating substrates according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the arrangement method by the electric field of the spacer in the display area center part concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the arrangement method by the electric field of the spacer near the edge part of the display area concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining movement of the spacer by the electric field as the whole display area concerning the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an electrode pattern according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the arrangement method by the electric field of the spacer in the display area center part concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the arrangement method by the electric field of the spacer near the edge part of the display area concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining movement of the spacer by the electric field as the whole display area concerning the embodiment of the present invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the arrangement method by the electric field of the spacer in the display area center part concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the arrangement method by the electric field of the spacer near the edge part of the display area concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining movement of the spacer by the electric field as the whole display area concerning the embodiment of the present invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the level of the voltage in this invention. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the trouble which arises by the movement of the spacer by the electric field as the whole conventional display area. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the trouble which arises by the movement of the spacer by the electric field as the whole conventional display area. FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a comb-shaped electrode used in an embodiment of the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. It is a conceptual diagram for explaining the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a substrate provided with dummy electrodes used in an embodiment of the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a substrate provided with dummy electrodes used in an embodiment of the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the 1st board | substrate, the stage, and the conductive frame in one Embodiment of the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device of this invention, The upper view is a top view seen from above, and the lower view is sectional drawing. It is. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the 1st board | substrate, the stage, and the conductive frame in one Embodiment of the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device of this invention, The upper view is a top view seen from above, and the lower view is sectional drawing. It is. FIG. 4 is a side view conceptually showing a state of dispersing spacers on a first substrate in one embodiment of the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. In one embodiment of the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, as a method of applying a voltage from the conductive frame to the dummy electrode, a needle-like terminal (probe) is inserted into the dummy electrode from a flat surface of the conductive frame facing the substrate, FIG. 4 is a conceptual cross-sectional view showing an example of applying voltage, in which needle-like terminals (probes) are provided on a connection surface connecting a conductive frame and a dummy electrode. In one embodiment of the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, as a method of applying a voltage from the conductive frame to the dummy electrode, a needle-like terminal (probe) is inserted into the dummy electrode from a flat surface of the conductive frame facing the substrate, FIG. 4 is a conceptual cross-sectional view showing an example of applying voltage, in which needle-like terminals (probes) having a fixed length for connecting a side surface of a conductive frame and a side surface of a dummy electrode are used. FIG. 4 is a side view conceptually showing a state of dispersing spacers on a first substrate in one embodiment of the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a conceptual cross-sectional view for explaining an equipotential surface on a substrate when a stage is not grounded. FIG. 4 is a conceptual cross-sectional view for explaining an equipotential surface on a substrate in the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a conceptual cross-sectional view for explaining an equipotential surface on a substrate in the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. It is a plane and section conceptual diagram for explaining the relation between the substrate and the conductive frame in the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a conceptual cross-sectional view for explaining a case where a conductive stage portion and a conductive frame portion are formed on an insulator by partitioning in the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a conceptual cross-sectional view for explaining a relationship between a conductive stage and a conductive frame by enlarging a substrate end in the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a conceptual cross-sectional view for explaining a relationship between a conductive stage and a conductive frame by enlarging a substrate end in the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. It is a plane and section conceptual diagram for explaining a picture frame state of a black matrix in a manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a conceptual cross-sectional view for explaining a relationship between a conductive stage and a conductive frame by enlarging a substrate end in the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a conceptual cross-sectional view for explaining a relationship between a substrate and a stage in a conventional method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device. FIG. 4 is a conceptual cross-sectional view for explaining a relationship between a substrate and a stage in the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a conceptual cross-sectional view for explaining an equipotential surface on a substrate in the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a conceptual cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a fine particle scattering apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 65 is a conceptual sectional view for explaining supply and unloading of the substrate in FIG. 64. FIG. 65 is an enlarged conceptual sectional view of a main part of FIG. 64. FIG. 4 is a conceptual plan view showing a relationship between a substrate and a conductive frame in the fine particle scattering apparatus of the present invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the line which becomes equipotential when voltage is applied to a conductive frame and a transparent electrode in the fine particle dispersion apparatus of this invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an electrode on an insulating substrate according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. It is a conceptual diagram for explaining the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a conceptual cross-sectional view for explaining a method of applying a voltage to a dummy electrode in an example of a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a conceptual cross-sectional view of a spacer spraying device used in an embodiment of the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a conceptual cross-sectional view of a spacer spraying device used in an embodiment of the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. It is a sectional conceptual diagram of the conventional liquid crystal display. It is a schematic diagram for explaining the arrangement of the conventional spacer. It is a schematic diagram for explaining the arrangement of the conventional spacer.

Explanation of reference numerals

1 Insulating substrate (glass substrate)
2 Polarizing plate 3, 3a, 3b Display electrode (linear transparent electrode, pixel electrode)
4 Color Filter Layer 5 Conductive Black Matrix 6 Overcoat Layer 7 Liquid Crystal 8 Spacer 9 Alignment Film 10 Container (Spraying Apparatus Main Body)
10a Lid 11a Nozzle 11b Particle tank 12 Voltage application device (DC power supply)
13 Spacer metering (supply) feeder 14 Insulator 15 Conductive stage (stage, electrode)
16 Cutting line 17 Piping (spacer blow-out pipe)
18, 18a, 18b Conducting wire 19 Conducting portion 19a Conducting wire (A)
19b Conducting wire (B)
20, 20a, 20b Auxiliary electrode 21 Dummy electrode 22 Display electrode area 23 Insulating film 24 Sealing material 25 In-seal spacer 26 Black matrix frame 27 Transparent conductive film 28 Dummy electrode area 29, 29a, 29b Additional electrode 30 Display area 31 Drive mechanism 32 Robotic device 32a Arm 32b Suction cup 33 Spray area 34 Conductive frame (field, repulsive force field)
34a Opening 34b Push-up shaft 35 Probe (needle terminal)
36 Push-up pin 37 Line indicating equipotential (equipotential surface)

Claims (7)

A spacer composed of at least one of a first substrate having a display region and a second substrate which is arranged to face the first substrate and has at least one of a first substrate having a display region, and a spacer formed of at least a patterned transparent electrode and an alignment film. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device by injecting liquid crystal into a gap between substrates,
When spraying a positively or negatively charged spacer on the substrate,
Place the board in close contact with the grounded conductive stage,
Apply a voltage of the same polarity as the charged polarity of the spacer to the transparent electrode on the substrate,
Provide a conductor in a state electrically isolated from the conductive stage outside the display area,
A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, characterized in that a voltage having the same polarity as that of a voltage applied to a transparent electrode is applied to a conductor, and an electric field substantially identical to the inside of the substrate is formed outside the substrate. The conductor has the outermost dimension larger than the substrate,
A conductive frame having an opening that is larger than the display area and is smaller than or equal to the substrate size;
In a state in which the conductive frame overlaps the outer peripheral portion of the substrate, or is installed in a state where it does not overlap,
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a voltage having the same polarity as the polarity of the voltage applied to the transparent electrode is applied to the conductive frame. The conductive stage has a size equal to or smaller than the substrate size and reaching an area outside the dividing line,
3. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the conductive frame is substantially flush with the surface of the conductive stage, or is installed at a position lower than the conductive stage. The conductive stage has a size equal to or smaller than the substrate size and reaching an area outside the dividing line,
The conductive frame is formed outside the substrate from a region outside the dividing line, and the area occupied by the conductive stage and the conductive frame in the region outside the dividing line is [Operating area of conductive stage]> [conductive frame]. Occupied area], the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, 2, or 3. The conductive stage has a size equal to or smaller than the substrate size and reaching an area outside the dividing line,
4. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the conductive frame is formed outside the transparent electrode without overlapping with a region outside the dividing line. 4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the size of the conductive stage substantially corresponds to a region where the transparent electrode is present, and the conductive frame is formed from a region where the transparent electrode is not present. Production method. A liquid crystal display device manufactured by the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

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