JP2004332319A

JP2004332319A - Earthquake resistant reinforcing method based on vibration excitation diagnosis

Info

Publication number: JP2004332319A
Application number: JP2003127784A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Takashi Matsufuji; 峻松藤
Original assignee: TAISHIN DOCTOR KK
Current assignee: TAISHIN DOCTOR KK
Priority date: 2003-05-06
Filing date: 2003-05-06
Publication date: 2004-11-25

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an earthquake resistant reinforcing method based on vibration excitation diagnosis capable of solving such a problem that forward and rearward diagnoses of the earthquake can't be made because of taking such a system as a decision is made by wall quantity based on a considerably rough assumption resulting from the fact that there is no way to easily diagnose earthquake since strength against earthquake of a specially small-scaled building such as a wooden construction or the like is based on the experience of a constructor. <P>SOLUTION: The earthquake resistant reinforcing method based on vibration excitation diagnosis is so constituted that a diagnostic process diagnosing the building by dynamic earthquake resisting diagnosis, a process carrying out a reinforcing technique and a building reinforced design of mounting positions, etc. of reinforcing members based on the result of the diagnosis, a reinforcing work process carrying out the building reinforcing work based on the building reinforced a repeating diagnostic process repeatedly diagnosing the building by the dynamic earthquake resistant diagnosis after the reinforced work process and a completion reporting process reporting the completion based on the result of the diagnosis are successively carried out. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、耐震補強に関連する複数の業者を緻密に関連させて、簡単かつ確実な耐震診断によって建物などの耐震補強を行う起振診断に基づく耐震補強方法に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来の耐震補強方法においては、平面図から壁の位置と長さを拾い上げて建物の剛性を判定する方法で、建物の耐震性を調査して補強を行っていた。一般の木造住宅では、補強手段は、設計者または施工者の経験に依存し、新築および中古にかかわらず、補強前に機械を用いて正確に起振診断、加わえて補強後の起振再診断を行なって補強効果を確認するということはできなかった。即ち、従来の耐震判断は、図面などの図面と経験上の目視とによって建物の耐震安全性を判断していた。しかしながら、このような人為的な診断では、精密な耐震判断による補強は不十分で、依頼主に対する説明も十分に行われないという課題があった。
【０００３】
木造建物は、建築用式、使用木材、使用部材、施工技能、築後年数、地盤強度等の各種条件が一様でないにも拘らず、それらを一様のものとして机上で耐震診断が行われてきた。従って、診断結果と実態の耐震性能の間には少なからず差異が生ずることは避けられない。この弊害を減らすためには、特許文献１，２に示されるように、起振機（加振機）によって人工的に地震を起こし、その振動から得たデータを基に耐震診断（動的耐震診断方法）をして、補強設計をすることが求められる。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
この動的耐震診断方法は、建物にわずかな振動を加え、それにより建物各部が見せる振動の特性（固有振動、加速度、位相等）を計測し、建物の捻れ（偏心）特性を把握するもので、これは従来の机上方法とは異なり、ダイレクトに実態を把握することができる利点がある。このように、従来は診断方法についてはかなり進んだ方法が提供されているが、補強結果の判断手段が無く、耐震補強として総合的手順が提供されていなかった。このため、不適切な補強工事を摘発できないという社会的現象を生じる課題があった。
【０００５】
【特許文献１】特開２００３−４２８９２号公報
【特許文献２】特開２００２−３４０４８号公報
【０００６】
この発明は上記のような従来の課題を解消するためになされたもので、設計者・施工者の経験のみに依存することなく、機械的に補強前および補強後の起振診断を行い、依頼主に正確な補強情報を与えて安心させると共に、耐震補強に関連する複数の業者を相互に緻密に関連させて、依頼主に対し柔軟且つ迅速対応できる体制を作り、不適切な補正手段を排除することができる起振診断に基づく耐震補強方法を提供することを目的とする。
【０００７】
また、この発明によれば、施主に分かり易く起振診断報告をすることができるため、耐震補強に信頼度と正確度を与えるとともに、補強工事を確実に実施することのできる起振診断に基づく耐震補強方法を提供することを目的とする。
【０００８】
また、この発明によれば、近年開発された動的診断方法と靭性補強部材とを組み合わせ、補強効果を実証しながら実施し、木造の靭性耐震構造（柔構造）の設計手法の確立に貢献することを目的とする。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、この発明に係る起振診断に基づく耐震補強方法は、建物を起振させて該建物の動的耐震診断を行う診断工程と、この診断工程による診断結果を依頼主に報告する報告工程と、前記診断結果に基づいて前記建物に対する補強設計を行う補強設計工程と、この補強設計工程により設計された建物補強設計に基づいて施工指示をなす指示工程と、この指示工程による施工指示に従って建物補強工事をなす補強工程と、この補強工程による建物補強工事の後に再度建物を動的耐震診断する再診断工程と、この再診断工程による再診断結果必要があれば補強補正を行い再々診断し、その結果を依頼主に報告する再報告工程とを順次実行するものである。
【００１０】
この発明に係る起振診断に基づく耐震補強方法は、建物の図面を電子データ化して記憶手段に記憶する記憶工程、起振機を用いて前記建物を起振する起振工程と、この起振工程による起振に対する前記建物の耐震性を測定し、この測定結果に基づく診断値を前記記憶手段から読み出したバーチャル図面上に表示する表示工程と、前記診断値に基づいて補強箇所を表示する補強箇所表示工程と、この表示に基づいて補強箇所を補強する補強工程と、この補強工程による建物補強工事の後に再度建物の動的耐震診断を行い耐震性が改善されたことを確認する確認工程とを順次実行するものである。
【００１１】
この発明に係る起振診断に基づく耐震補強方法は、建物の動的耐震診断と共に地盤の動的耐震診断を行う診断工程と、この診断工程による診断値を記憶手段から読み出したバーチャル図面上に表示する表示工程と、前記診断値に基づいて補強箇所を表示する補強箇所表示工程と、この表示された補強箇所を補強する補強工程と、この補強工程による建物補強工事の後に再度建物の動的耐震診断を行い耐震性が改善されたことを確認する確認工程とを順次実行するものである。
【００１２】
この発明に係る起振診断に基づく耐震補強工法は、建物を起振させて該建物の固有振動数と偏心特性とを測定する測定工程と、この測定工程の測定結果に基づいて建物全体に必要とされる補強部材を適切に分布させる分布工程と、前記分布工程により分布した補強部材を施して前記建物の偏振が最小となるように補強する補強工程と、この補強工程による建物補強工事の後に再度建物を起振させて偏振が許容限界内にあるか否かを判定する判定工程と、偏振が許容限界内にない場合には再度補強工程を繰り返して偏振を許容限界内に納める再補強工程とを順次実行するものである。
【００１３】
この発明に係る起振診断に基づく耐震補強方法は、契約業者は依頼主との間で建物診断契約を行う手順（１）と、この診断契約が成立すると、診断業者に対し前記建物を診断すべき診断依頼を指示する手順（２）とを実行し、
前記指示を受けた診断業者は、前記施主に対し前記建物の図面提供を依頼し、提供された建物図面を電子データ化して記憶手段に記憶する手順（３）と、前記建物に起振機を設置して該建物を起振させて動的耐震診断を行う手順（５）と、この動的耐震診断結果を前記施主に報知する手順（６）と前記契約業者に診断報告する手順（７）とを実行し、
前記診断結果の報告を受けた前記契約業者は、前記診断結果を依頼主に報告し該施主との間で建物補強工事契約を行う手順（８）と、この建物補強工事契約が成立すると、前記建物に対する補強設計を行なう手順（１０）と、この補強設計に基づいて前記建物を補強すべきことを補強業者に施工指示する手順（１１）とを実行し、
前記指示を受けた前記補強業者は、前記補強設計に基づく補強を実施するに必要な補強部材を補強部材提供業者から受取る手順（１３´）と、受取った補強部材を前記建物の補強箇所に適用して建物補強工事を行なう手順（１３）と、この補強工事終了を前記診断業者に完了報告する手順（１４）とを実行し、
前記診断業者は、前記補強工事終了の報告を受けると、再度前記建物の前記動的耐震診断を行う手順（１５）と、この再診断結果を前記契約業者に診断報告する手順（１６）とを実行し、
前記診断結果の報告を受けた前記契約業者は、その報告を受けた診断結果より前記補強設計通りの補強結果が得られたかを判断し、得られていなければ、前記作成した建物補強設計を補正する手順（１７）と、この補正した再補強設計に基づいて再度補強すべきことを補強業者に施工指示する手順（１８）とを実行し、
前記指示を受けた前記補強業者は、前記再補強設計に基づく補強を実施するに必要な補強部材を補強部材提供業者から受取る手順（１９´）と、受取った補強部材を前記建物の補強箇所に適用して再補強工事を行なう手順（１９）と、この再補強工事終了を前記診断業者に完了報告する手順（２０）とを実行し、
前記診断業者は、前記再補正工事終了の報告を受けると、再度前記建物の前記動的耐震診断を行う手順（２１）と、この再診断結果を前記契約業者に報告する手順（２２）とを実行し、
前記診断結果の報告を受けた前記契約業者は、その報告を受けた診断結果より前記再補強設計通りの補強結果が得られたかを判断し、得られておれば依頼主に対し補強完了を報告する手順（２３）と、作成した補強設計のデーターを整理保管するデーターファイリングを行なう手順（２４）と、補強技法・補強部材の改良設計を行なう手順（２５）と、その改良設計に基づく補強部材改良要求を前記補強部材提供業者に対し行なう手順（２６）とを実行するものである。
【００１４】
この発明に係る起振診断に基づく耐震補強方法は、動的耐震診断は、起振機を建物の重心位置に配設し、建物を水平に起振させて該建物の起振診断を行うものである。
【００１５】
この発明に係る起振診断に基づく耐震補強方法においては、動的耐震診断は、起振機を建物の重心位置に配設し、建物を水平に起振させて該建物の起振診断を行うとともに、前記建物が建っていいる地盤に起振機を配設し、前記地盤を鉛直に起振させて該地盤の地耐力診断を行なうものである。
【００１６】
この発明に係る起振診断に基づく耐震補強方法は、耐震補強方法を行なう前に、建物の補強の可否を目視により診断し、診断結果が補強否の場合は前記耐震補強方法を実行しないものである。
【００１７】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、この発明の実施の一形態を説明する。
実施の形態１．
図１は、この発明による起振診断に基づく耐震補強方法の全体的な手順を説明する概要図である。耐震補強に関連する複数の関係者、例えば依頼主（建物オーナー）１、この依頼主１と契約を行なう契約業者（センター）２、建物および地盤を診断する診断業者（サイド診断グループ）３、建物補強および地盤改良を行なう補強業者（ローカル・コントラクター）４、契約業者２からの指示により補強業者４に補強部材を提供する補強部材提供業者（メーカー）５が相互に緻密に関連して、以下の手順で作業を実行する。
【００１８】
まず、契約業者２は、手順（１）において、契約業者２は依頼主１との間で建物の診断契約を行い、診断契約が成立すると、手順（２）において、診断業者３に対し前記建物を診断すべき診断依頼を指示する。
【００１９】
前記指示を受けた診断業者３は、手順（３）において、前記依頼主１に対し前記建物の図面提供を依頼し、提供された建物図面を電子データ化して記憶手段に記憶する（記憶工程）。次いで、手順（５）において、前記建物に起振機を設置して該建物を起振させて動的耐震診断を行う（診断工程、起振工程）。この診断工程による診断状況を手順（６）において、依頼主１に報知（バーチャルプレゼンテーション）するとともに診断状態（振動）を体験させる（報告工程）。そして、手順（７）において、前記契約業者２にも診断結果を診断報告する。
【００２０】
診断業者３から前記診断結果の報告を受けた前記契約業者２は、手順（８）において、前記診断結果を依頼主１に報告し該依頼主との間で建物補強契約を行う。建物補強契約が成立すると、手順（１０）において、前記建物に対する補強設計（技法、補強部材の取付位置等）を行ない（補強設計工程）、手順（１１）において、この補強設計に基づいて前記建物を補強すべきことを補強業者４に指示する（指示工程）。
【００２１】
前記指示を受けた前記補強業者４は、手順（１３´）において、前記補強設計に基づく補強を実施するに必要な補強部材を補強部材提供業者５から受取り、手順（１３）において、受取った補強部材を前記建物の補強位置に適用して補強工事を行なう（補強工程）。そして、手順（１４）において、この建物補強工事終了を前記診断業者３に完了報告する。
【００２２】
前記診断業者２は、前記補強工事終了の報告を受けると、手順（１５）において、再度前記建物の前記動的耐震診断を行う（再診断工程）。そして、手順（１６）において、この再診断工程による再診断結果を前記契約業者２に診断報告する（報告工程）。
【００２３】
前記診断結果の報告を受けた前記契約業者２は、手順（１７）において、その報告を受けた診断結果より前記補強設計通りの補強結果が得られたかを判断し（確認工程、判定工程）、得られていなければ、前記作成した建物補強設計を補正する。そして、手順（１８）において、この補正した建物補強設計で再度補強すべき内容を補強業者４に施工指示する。
【００２４】
前記指示を受けた前記補強業者４は、手順（１９´）において、前記再補強設計に基づく補強を実施するに必要な補強部材を補強部材提供業者５から受取り、手順（１９）において、受取った補強部材を前記建物の補強位置に適用して再補強工事を行なう（再補強工程）。そして、手順（２０）において、この再補強工事終了を前記診断業者３に完了報告する。
【００２５】
前記診断業者２は、前記再補強工事終了の報告を受けると、手順（２１）において、再度前記建物の前記動的耐震診断を行う。そして、手順（２２）において、この再診断工程による再診断結果を前記契約業者に報告する。
【００２６】
前記再診断結果の報告を受けた前記契約業者２は、手順（２３）において、その報告を受けた再診断結果により前記再補強設計通りの補強結果が得られたかを判断し（確認工程、判定工程）、得られておれば、施主に対し補強完了を報告し、手順（２４）において、作成した補強設計のデーターを保管するデーターファイリングを行なう。そして、手順（２５）において、補強技法・補強部材の改良設計を行い、手順（２６）においてその改良設計に基づく補強部材改良要求（性能改善、偏差縮小、原価セーブ、納期短縮）を前記補強部材提供業者５に対し行なう。
【００２７】
なお、上記は建物の診断、補強についてのみ説明しているが、診断業者３は手順（４）において、建物の立っている地盤も診断し、その診断結果を受けた契約業者２は手順（９）において必要な場合は地盤改良設計工程を行い、この地盤改良設計による改良施工を補強業者４へ指示する。補強業者４は手順（１２）において指示に基づいて地盤の改良工事を行なう。
【００２８】
また、この発明による起振診断に基づく耐震補強方法を実施するのに先立ち、建物１１の基礎の不等沈下、布基礎のクラック、土台・柱脚の腐食・虫害・ずれ等を目視により診断して補強の可否を判断し、ＯＫであれば、次工程、つまり、この発明による起振診断に基づく耐震補強方法を実行するように進み、ＮＯであれば、耐震補強方法を実施することなく、建物の大改修または建て替えの提言をする。
【００２９】
次に上記診断業者３が行なう建物の動的耐震診断について説明する。図２は診断を行うべき建物１１に対する起振機１２の配置状況を示す図であり、起振機１２は建物１１の重心部の直上に当る２階部分に配置し、建物１１を水平方向に振動させる。この場合、建物を起振する起振機１２は振動が減衰してしまうじゅうたんや畳の上を避けて設置する必要がある。この起振はＸ方向・Ｙ方向夫々行い、両方向共に起振機を挟んで適宜配置した図示しないセンサ（震度計）で振部を検出し、その特性を記録する。図３はＸ方向の共振点における変位応答波形を示す波形図、図４はＹ方向の共振点における変位応答波形を示す波形図である。図３において、点線は北側、実線は南側の波形、図４において、実線は東側、点線は西側の波形をそれぞれ示す。
この振動は加速度で検出する。建物は、共振周波が低いほど、即ち起振機１２の振動が１秒間に往復する数が少ないほど変位（振幅）が大きくなる。このことから、共振周波数（家が一番揺れ易い周波数）が低い建物ほど、剛性が低く地震には大きく揺れる傾向がある。なお、通常の小規模建物では共振周波数は３Ｈｚ〜８Ｈｚである。
【００３０】
この場合の耐震診断における建物の揺れは２〜８ｇａｌ（加速度値）であって、これを震度に変換すると震度１〜２に相当し、物が落ちたり家が損壊することのない安全な診断である。建物が均等に（平行に）揺れているか歪み（ねじれ）を持って揺れているかを判断する。
【００３１】
現在一般的に実施されている耐震診断では、地盤１３の強度が１ならば良いが、もしも０．８の強度であれば、１／８＝１．２５、即ち建物の補強は１．２５倍、０．６ならば１／０．６≒１．６７、即ち１．６７倍の補強割増を要することとなり、地盤１３の強度診断は、耐震診断の必須項目である。
【００３２】
そこで、建物１１の近傍の地盤１３に該地盤を鉛直方向に振動させるように起振機１４を配置し、起振機から所定距離の地盤１３に設けた図示しないセンサ（震度計）で振動を検出して耐震診断アナライザ１５に入力し特性を分析・把握する。
【００３３】
なお、建物用の起振機１２は建物を水平方向に振動させ、地盤用の起振機１４は地盤を鉛直方向に振動させる。建物については起震は、Ｘ方向およびＹ方向にそれぞれ行いそれぞれの方向に置き換えられるセンサ（振度計）と組み合わせて測定が行われる。耐震診断アナライザ１５は起振機１２，１４の制御やセンサからの地震波の取り込み分析を行い、建物１１の固有振動数（Ｆｒ）を測定する。次に固有振動数を増幅起振し、建物の各部に取り付けた振動計で同時自動計測を行い、建物の剛性・偏心性を測定する（測定工程）。（起振強度は震度１〜２の地震と同程度）。
【００３４】
次にこの診断結果と建物１１の現状図を電子データ化してコンピュータに入力し、地震規模が大きくなるにつれ、建物１１の揺れがどうなるか、どの程度の地震で倒壊に至るかをバーチャルシュミレーションプログラムによりプレゼンテーションする（表示工程）。この診断結果の全ては契約業者２に送信される。
契約業者２は、上記の診断結果に基づき、適正補強部材の選定（耐震金具、制震パネル、耐震ボード、ブレース等）と補強部材の取り付け位置を決定する（補強箇所表示工程）。この決定は、特有の計算方式と経験的データ（ノウハウ）によって実施し、この決定結果は直ちに補強業者４へ送信される。
補強業者４は、送信された決定結果に基づいて建物１１の補強工事を行ない該補強工事が終了後は、前記したように、建物の再診断を行い、建物の剛性・偏心性が許容限界内でないときは、上記の補強工事を繰り返し、建物の剛性・偏心性が許容限界内になったならば補強工事を完了する。
【００３５】
次に上記の耐震診断および補強設計の手順を図５に基づいて具体的に説明する。
耐震診断の手順
建物１１および該建物が立地している土地の地盤の両方に同時に起振機１２，１４を用いて震度１程度の微振動を起こす。なお、事前に地盤１３の強度が判明している場合は建物のみ診断すればよい。建物１３については図面２０（設計図、現状図等）に基づいて、その重心を判定する。
診断業者３（現場）は、施主１から提供された診断すべき建物１１の図面２０を予じめスキャナーなどを介在させて電子データ化し、この電子データを契約業者２のＰＣ（パーソナルコンピュータ）２１に送信し（手順▲１▼）、ＰＣ２１内の記憶手段（図示せず）に記憶する。
【００３６】
そして、診断業者３は建物１１の図面２０に基いて建物１１およびその建物が立地している土地の地盤１３の起振場所を特定し、その起振場所に起振機１２、１４を配置して震度１程度の微振動を起こす（手順▲２▼）。なお、事前に地盤１３の強度が判明している場合は建物１１のみ診断すれば良い。建物１１については地図（図面、現況図等）にもとずいて、その重心を判定する。起振機１２、１４には、建物１１の耐震度、弱い箇所、強い箇所、地盤１３の強度が数値および波形のグラフに表示される（手順▲３▼）。
【００３７】
契約業者２は、上記起振機１２，１４による人工振動の各種データをそのままバーチャルで送信を受ける（手順▲４▼）。そして、送信されたデータを記憶手段から読み出した建物１１の図面とともにＰＣ画面に表示し、その図面を自在に震度数を１、２、３、４、５・・・と増大振動させ、バーチャルで強度のシュミレーションを行う。この場合、診断業者３と契約業者２とは、ボイス（声）によっても情報の交換を行うことで、より細部の調査が可能となる。そして、上記の動作を繰り返して、建物１１がどの程度の震度に耐えられるかを総合的にプレゼンテーションする。
【００３８】
補強設計の手順
次いで、契約業者２は、耐震診断書の作成に移行する（手順▲５▼）。上記のように診断点に基づいて図面２０を、バーチャルで震度数を変えながら、補強箇所の特定、補強部材の選定をする（手順▲６▼）。そして、ＰＣ画面上で、上記の補強箇所を補強部材で補強し、補強強度のシュミレーションを行い、完成度を確める。補強箇所の増減、補強部材の変更を何度か繰返してシュミレーションし、完成度を高め（手順▲７▼）、耐震設計の完了報告をする（手順▲８▼）。
【００３９】
以下、上記のように作成した耐震設計の施工プロセスを詳細に説明する。
まず、建物１１の重心軸（Ｘ方向、例えば南北方向およびＹ方向、例えば東西方向）に対し、その両側の剛性が等しくなるように一時診断によって判明した偏心性に基づいて補強部材を施す（一次補強）。
【００４０】
なお、この補強部材としては、偏心率（重心軸を挟む両外壁の震幅のうち、大きいもの／小さいもの）≦１．３で、かつ建物の固有振動数≧３．３Ｈｚ（起振機の振動が１秒間に往復する数）の場合、隅角補強金具だけを用いる。取り付け総数は、補強金具の反力から逆算して決定し、取付位置は経験則によって定める。他方、偏心率≧１．３もしくは建物の固有振動数≦３．３Ｈｚの場合、隅角補強部材と制震パネル、耐震ボード、ブレース、筋違いなどの壁面補強部材を併用する。
【００４１】
一次補強施工の結果診断
一次補強施工が完了した段階で、その結果を再診断（起振機による起振診断）により評価する。この評価結果、偏心率＜１．１かつ建物の固有振動数＞３．８Ｈｚとなった場合、評価結果のバーチャルプログラムを添えた完了報告書を施主に提出して工事を完了する。
【００４２】
評価結果、建物の偏心率≧１．１もしくは建物の固有振動数≦３．８Ｈｚである場合、補強設計の補正を行い、それに適した補強部材を施す。
その結果、再度、起振機による起振診断で再評価する。結果が許容範囲に納まれば、そこで完了報告書を施主に提出する。
【００４３】
なお、上記の完了報告書は、建物の耐震性能（Ｘ方向の測定周波数・Ｙ方向の測定周波数）、建物の分析（Ｘ方向の固有周波数、Ｙ方向の固有周波数）、地盤の分析（固有周期、伝達速度など）が適宜記載されている。
【００４４】
次に、この発明の起振診断に基づく耐震補強方法を数式を用いて詳細に説明する。
まず、木造軸組の地震による変形について説明する。木造住宅の軸組みで重心と剛心が一致している例は極めてまれである。地震力はどの方向から及んでも、その全力が建物の重心に対して働く。従って任意の方向から及ぶ地震力に対して、建物が見せる運動は地震力の加力方向に沿った直線運動μ１と重心と剛心のずれによって発生する回転運動μ２の合成された捻じれ運動（μ＝μ１＋μ２）となる。
【００４５】
一方、従来における耐震診断は、平面図上個々の壁の剛度に対するモーメントを合算して建物の合成を評価する机上の方法が採用されていた。しかし、この方法では１枚の壁の剛度は大まかな分類（例えば筋違いの有無、土壁かボード壁かということ）により、みなし仮定で評価し行われることから、算定結果が実態と食い違っていることも少なくない。一面の壁は同じ仕様であっても軸組の材質、寸法、加工技能、経年等のファクタによりかなり異なる剛度を示す。
【００４６】
そこで、従来、上記の木造軸組の補強は、壁や筋違いをもって構面を固化することが唯一の手段とされてきた。それは変形阻止式軸組み補強法であり、剛性補強であった。近年開発された隅角補強部材の中には、柱梁の隅角に取り付け、変形に追随しながら、変形を遅らせ、かつ起こった変形を復元するタイプのものがある。これは変形復元補強であり、いわゆる靭性補強である。
【００４７】
そして、木造軸組みを強化する手法としては、それを固くすること、即ち、剛性補強のみが有効と考えられオーソライズされていた。靭性補強などは、検討の余地もなく、最初から否定されてきた。しかしながら、多くの五重塔は、木造の靭性架構（柔構造）で、数百年〜一千年余りあらゆる地震と強風に耐えてきている。歴史に記録されている限り、五重塔の滅失は戦乱や落雷による焼失で、地震による倒壊は一例も見られない。日本の超高層ビル第１号の霞が関ビルの発想の原点は五重塔であった。即ち、木材で造る構築物は、地震の多い風土の中では剛構造より、柔構造の方が適応性が高い。また、強力な地震力によって起こる柱の引き抜きや土台の浮き上がりは、剛構造より柔構造の方がはるかに緩和される。
【００４８】
次に、木造２階立て平面図である図６を用いて靭性補強設計の手法について述べる。図６（ａ）は１階の平面図、図６（ｂ）は２階の平面図である。理論的には、先ず第１に図６中の剛心位置を極力近ずけることを考える。次いで建物のＸ方向の剛性とＹ方向の剛性をバランスさせる。これを数式で表すと、
Ｘ方向の各構面（Ｘ_１，Ｘ_２・・・Ｘ_７）の剛度をＲＸ_１，ＲＸ_２，ＲＸ_３，・・・ＲＸ_７，
Ｙ方向の各構面（Ｙ_１，Ｙ_２・・・Ｙ_９）の剛度をＲＹ_１，ＲＹ_２，ＲＹ_３，・・・ＲＹ_９，
とするとき、次式が成り立つことである。

しかし、個々の木造建物で、靭性補強金具などを用いてこの数式を成立させるための論理的手段は現時点までなかった。
【００４９】
以上のように、実施の形態１によれば、依頼主１に耐震を体感させながら耐震診断状況を報知するので、依頼主１は補強工事の依頼を安心して行なうことができる。そして、機械的に補強前および補強後に建物の耐震診断を行い、この診断結果を依頼主１に報知するので、依頼主１はその報知内容から建物の補強状況を正確に知ることができる。
【００５０】
耐震診断の状況は診断している建物の図面とともに該図面上に表示するので、どこを補強すればよいかを知ることができ、補強設計および補強作業を容易に行なうことができる。また、建物とともに地盤も耐力診断するので、建物の補強をより適正に行なうことができる。
【００５１】
また、依頼主１と契約を行なう契約業者２が、耐震診断および補強工事を行なう複数の業者を統括管理するので、不正な手段を排除することができる。そして、目視による観察で建物の補強の可否を診断し、補強否の場合は耐震補強方法を実行しないようにすることから、無駄な補強工事を回避することができる。
【００５２】
なお、１つの業者であっても、上記の各業者に相当する事業部を有しているときは、この１つの業者によって診断・補強の全てを行うことは勿論可能である。
【００５３】
実施の形態２．
以下、この発明の実施の形態２を具体的数値を用いて説明する。
本例は、一般居住用木造２階建ての建物に起振診断に基づく耐震補強方法を適用するものである。即ち、この建物の建築方法は真壁であり、屋根は瓦であり、外壁はトタンであり、内壁はじゅらし化粧板からなる。この建物の２階の重心位置に起振機を設置する。そして、まず、東西の方向にセンサを配置して、建物を起振機により水平に起振すると、共振周波数が３．２５Ｈｚ、増幅度−１６ｄｂ、振動加速レベル（Ｌｖａ）が、北側７４．９ｄｂ、南側７９．０ｄｂの数値が得られた。この場合、東西方向共振周波数３．２５Ｈｚによる変位応答波形は、図３に示すようになる。
【００５４】
次に、南北の方向にセンサを配置して、建物を起振機により水平に起振すると共振周波数が４．５Ｈｚ、増幅度−１６ｄｂ、振動加速レベル（Ｌｖａ）が、北側７２．４ｄｂ、南側６８．９ｄｂの数値が得られた。この場合、南北方向共振周波数４．５Ｈｚによる変位応答波形は、図４に示すようになる。
【００５５】
以上、この発明の実施の形態２は、もっぱら木造住宅について説明したが、この発明はこれに限るものではなく、鉄骨造および軽鉄骨造などの建物にも適用できるものである。また、建物は２階建てに限定されるものでもなく、新築住宅および中古住宅を問わない。
【００５６】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、この発明によれば、依頼主に耐震を体感させながら耐震診断状況を報知するように構成したから、依頼主は建物の補強が必要であるか否かを正確にすることができ、補強工事の依頼を安心して行ないことができる。そして、施工主の経験のみに依存することなく、機械的に補強前および補強後に建物の耐震診断を行い、この診断結果を依頼主に報知するように構成したので、依頼主はその報知内容から建物の補強状況を正確に知ることができるという効果がある。
【００５７】
この発明によれば、診断の状況は診断している建物の図面とともに該図面上に表示するように構成したので、どこを補強すればよいか、どのような技法で、どのような補正部材を用いたらよいか等を知ることができ、補強設計および補強作業を容易に行なうことができるという効果がある。
【００５８】
この発明によれば、建物とともに地盤も診断し、その両者の診断結果に基づいて補強設計を行うように構成したことから、補強を適正に行なうことができる。また、建物とともに地盤も診断し、その両者の診断結果に基づいて補強設計を行うから、補強を適正に行なうことができる。しかも、この診断の状況は診断している建物の図面とともに該図面上に表示するものであるから、その表示を見ながら、補強部材を施すことにより、補強作業を容易に行なうことができるという効果がある。
【００５９】
また、施主と契約を行なう契約業者が、診断を行う診断業者、補強工事を行なう補強業者、補強部材を提供する補強部材提供業者を統括管理するので、不正な手段を排除することができるという効果がある。そして、目視により建物の補強の可否を診断し、補強否の場合は耐震補強方法を実行しないようにしたから、無駄な補強工事を回避することができるという効果がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】この発明の実施の形態１による起振診断に基づく耐震補強方法を説明するフローチャートである。
【図２】診断を行うべき建物に対する起振機の配置状況を示す説明図である。
【図３】東西方向共振起振による変位応答波形を示す波形図である。
【図４】南北方向共振起振による変位応答波形を示す波形図である。
【図５】耐震診断および補強設計の手順を示す説明図である。
【図６】診断を行うべき木造２階建て建物の平面説明図である。
【符号の説明】
１依頼主（建物オーナー）
２契約業者（センター）
３診断業者（サイト診断グループ）
４補強業者（ローカル・コントラクター）
５補強部材提供業者（メーカー）
１１建物
１２水平起振機（建物用）
１３地盤
１４鉛直起振機（地盤用）
１５耐震診断アナライザ
２０建物の図面
２１ＰＣ（パーソナルコンピュータ）[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a seismic retrofitting method based on vibration excitation diagnosis, in which a plurality of contractors related to seismic retrofitting are closely related and seismic retrofitting of a building or the like is performed by simple and reliable seismic retrofitting diagnosis.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the conventional seismic retrofitting method, the position and length of the wall are picked up from a plan view to determine the rigidity of the building, and the seismic resistance of the building is investigated to reinforce. In ordinary wooden houses, the means of reinforcement depends on the experience of the designer or the constructor, regardless of whether it is new or used, accurately diagnoses vibration using a machine before reinforcement, and additionally re-diagnoses vibration after reinforcement. Could not confirm the reinforcing effect. That is, in the conventional seismic judgment, the seismic safety of the building was judged based on drawings such as drawings and visual inspection. However, in such an artificial diagnosis, there is a problem that the reinforcement by precise seismic determination is insufficient, and the explanation to the client is not sufficiently provided.
[0003]
Regarding wooden buildings, seismic diagnosis is carried out on desks using various types of building structures, used wood, used materials, construction skills, age after construction, ground strength, etc. Have been. Therefore, it is inevitable that there is a considerable difference between the diagnosis result and the actual seismic performance. To reduce this adverse effect, as shown in

Patent Documents

1 and 2, an artificial earthquake is caused by an exciter (vibrator), and an earthquake-resistant diagnosis (dynamic earthquake-resistant) is performed based on data obtained from the vibration. Diagnosis method) and reinforcement design are required.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
This dynamic seismic diagnosis method applies a small amount of vibration to a building, measures the characteristics of the vibration (natural vibration, acceleration, phase, etc.) exhibited by each part of the building, and grasps the torsional (eccentric) characteristics of the building. However, this is different from the conventional desk-top method, and has an advantage that the actual state can be grasped directly. As described above, conventionally, a considerably advanced diagnostic method has been provided, but there is no means for judging the result of reinforcement, and no comprehensive procedure has been provided for seismic reinforcement. For this reason, there has been a problem of causing a social phenomenon that inappropriate reinforcement work cannot be detected.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1] JP-A-2003-42892
[Patent Document 2] JP-A-2002-34048
[0006]
The present invention has been made in order to solve the conventional problems as described above, and does not rely only on the experience of a designer / constructor, but performs mechanical vibration diagnosis before and after reinforcement, and In addition to providing accurate reinforcement information mainly to give peace of mind, multiple companies involved in seismic reinforcement are closely related to each other, creating a system that can respond flexibly and quickly to clients, and eliminating inappropriate correction means It is an object of the present invention to provide a seismic retrofitting method based on a vibration test.
[0007]
Further, according to the present invention, since a vibration diagnosis report can be provided to the owner in an easy-to-understand manner, the reliability and accuracy can be given to the seismic retrofitting, and the vibration diagnosis based on the vibration diagnosis can be performed without fail. The purpose is to provide a seismic reinforcement method.
[0008]
Further, according to the present invention, a dynamic diagnostic method developed in recent years and a toughness reinforcing member are combined and implemented while demonstrating the reinforcing effect, thereby contributing to the establishment of a design method for a wooden tough seismic structure (flexible structure). The purpose is to:
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a seismic retrofitting method based on a vibration diagnosis according to the present invention includes a diagnosis step of oscillating a building to perform a dynamic seismic diagnosis of the building, and a request for a diagnosis result obtained by the diagnosis step. Reporting step, a reinforcement design step of performing a reinforcement design for the building based on the diagnosis result, an instruction step of making a construction instruction based on the building reinforcement design designed by the reinforcement design step, and an instruction step of The building reinforcement work in accordance with the construction instructions according to the above, a re-diagnosis step to perform a dynamic seismic diagnosis of the building again after the building reinforcement work by this reinforcement step, and a reinforcement correction if necessary. And re-diagnosis, and a re-reporting step of reporting the result to the client.
[0010]
A seismic retrofitting method based on a vibration diagnosis according to the present invention includes a storage step of converting a drawing of a building into electronic data and storing the drawing in a storage unit, a vibration step of vibrating the building by using a vibration generator, A display step of measuring the seismic resistance of the building against vibration caused by a process, and displaying a diagnostic value based on the measurement result on a virtual drawing read out from the storage means, and a reinforcement displaying a reinforcement location based on the diagnostic value A location display process, a reinforcement process for reinforcing a reinforcement location based on the display, and a confirmation process for performing a dynamic seismic diagnosis of the building again after the building reinforcement work by this reinforcement process and confirming that the earthquake resistance has been improved. Are sequentially executed.
[0011]
A seismic retrofitting method based on a vibration diagnosis according to the present invention includes a diagnostic step of performing a dynamic seismic diagnosis of a ground together with a dynamic seismic diagnosis of a building, and displaying a diagnostic value obtained in the diagnostic step on a virtual drawing read from a storage means. Display step, a reinforcement point display step of displaying a reinforcement point based on the diagnostic value, a reinforcement step of reinforcing the displayed reinforcement point, and a dynamic earthquake-resistant building of the building again after the building reinforcement work by the reinforcement step. And a confirmation step of confirming that the earthquake resistance has been improved by performing a diagnosis.
[0012]
The seismic retrofitting method based on the vibration diagnosis according to the present invention includes a measuring step of vibrating a building to measure a natural frequency and an eccentric characteristic of the building, and the entire building based on the measurement result of the measuring step. A distribution step of appropriately distributing the reinforcing members, and a reinforcing step of applying the reinforcing members distributed by the distribution step to reinforce the building so that the deflection of the building is minimized, and after the building reinforcing work by this reinforcing step. A judgment process to determine whether or not the vibration is within the allowable limit by oscillating the building again, and a re-reinforcing process to repeat the reinforcing process if the vibration is not within the allowable limit and to keep the vibration within the allowable limit Are sequentially executed.
[0013]
According to the seismic retrofitting method based on the vibration diagnosis according to the present invention, the contractor performs a procedure (1) of performing a building diagnosis contract with a client, and when the diagnosis contract is established, the contractor diagnoses the building. And (2) instructing a diagnosis request to be performed,
The diagnosing contractor receiving the instruction requests the owner to provide a drawing of the building, converts the provided building drawing into electronic data and stores it in storage means (3). A procedure (5) for installing and oscillating the building to perform a dynamic seismic evaluation, a procedure (6) for notifying the owner of the result of the dynamic seismic evaluation, and a procedure (7) for reporting the diagnosis to the contractor. And run
The contractor receiving the report of the diagnosis result reports the diagnosis result to the client and performs a building reinforcement work contract with the client (8). A procedure (10) for performing a reinforcement design for a building and a procedure (11) for instructing a reinforcement contractor to perform reinforcement of the building based on the reinforcement design are executed,
Upon receiving the instruction, the reinforcement company receives a reinforcement member necessary for performing reinforcement based on the reinforcement design from a reinforcement member provider (13 '), and applies the received reinforcement member to a reinforcement portion of the building. (13) to carry out building reinforcement work and a procedure (14) for reporting the completion of the reinforcement work to the diagnostic company.
Upon receiving the report of the completion of the reinforcement work, the diagnostic contractor performs a procedure (15) of performing the dynamic seismic diagnosis of the building again, and a procedure (16) of reporting the re-diagnosis result to the contractor. Run,
The contractor who received the report of the diagnosis result judges whether the reinforcement result as the reinforcement design was obtained from the received diagnosis result, and if not, corrects the created building reinforcement design. (17) and a procedure (18) for instructing a reinforcement contractor to perform reinforcement again based on the corrected re-reinforcement design,
Upon receiving the instruction, the reinforcement company receives a reinforcement member necessary for performing reinforcement based on the re-reinforcement design from a reinforcement member provider (19 '), and places the received reinforcement member in a reinforcement place of the building. A procedure (19) of applying the reinforcement work and a step (20) of reporting the completion of the reinforcement work to the diagnosis contractor are executed,
Upon receiving the report of the completion of the re-correction work, the diagnostic contractor performs a procedure (21) of performing the dynamic seismic diagnosis of the building again and a procedure (22) of reporting the re-diagnosis result to the contractor. Run,
The contractor receiving the report of the diagnosis result judges whether the reinforcement result according to the re-reinforcement design is obtained from the received diagnosis result, and reports the completion of the reinforcement to the client if it is obtained. (23), data filing (24) for organizing and storing data of the created reinforcement design, procedure (25) of improvement design of reinforcement technique and reinforcement member, and reinforcement member based on the improved design. (26) for making an improvement request to the reinforcing member provider.
[0014]
A seismic retrofitting method based on a vibration diagnosis according to the present invention is a dynamic earthquake resistance diagnosis in which a vibration exciter is arranged at a position of a center of gravity of a building, and the building is vibrated horizontally to perform a vibration diagnosis of the building. It is.
[0015]
In the seismic retrofitting method based on the vibration diagnosis according to the present invention, in the dynamic earthquake resistance diagnosis, a vibration exciter is arranged at the position of the center of gravity of the building, the building is horizontally vibrated, and the vibration of the building is diagnosed. In addition, an exciter is arranged on the ground where the building is built, and the ground is vibrated vertically to perform a ground strength diagnosis of the ground.
[0016]
The seismic retrofitting method based on the vibration diagnosis according to the present invention is to visually check whether or not the building can be reinforced before performing the seismic retrofitting method, and does not execute the seismic retrofitting method if the diagnosis result is no reinforcement. is there.
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining the overall procedure of a seismic retrofitting method based on vibration excitation diagnosis according to the present invention. A plurality of parties related to the seismic reinforcement, for example, a client (building owner) 1, a contractor (center) 2 contracting with the client 1, a diagnostician (side diagnosis group) 3 for diagnosing the building and the ground, a building A reinforcement contractor (local contractor) 4 for reinforcement and ground improvement, and a reinforcement member supplier (maker) 5 for providing a reinforcement member to the reinforcement contractor 4 according to instructions from the contractor 2 are closely related to each other. Follow the steps in
[0018]
First, in step (1), the contractor 2 makes a building diagnosis contract with the client 1, and when the diagnosis contract is established, in step (2), the contractor 2 instructs the diagnosis contractor 3 to the building. A diagnosis request for diagnosing is given.
[0019]
In step (3), the diagnostic company 3 receiving the instruction requests the client 1 to provide a drawing of the building, converts the provided building drawing into electronic data, and stores it in the storage unit (storage step). . Next, in step (5), a vibration exciter is installed in the building, and the building is vibrated to perform a dynamic seismic diagnosis (diagnosis step, vibration step). In step (6), the client 1 is notified (virtual presentation) of the diagnosis status in this diagnosis step and is allowed to experience the diagnosis state (vibration) (reporting step). Then, in step (7), the diagnosis result is reported to the contractor 2 as well.
[0020]
In step (8), the contractor 2 having received the report of the diagnosis result from the diagnosis contractor 3 reports the diagnosis result to the client 1 and makes a building reinforcement contract with the client. When the building reinforcement contract is concluded, in step (10), reinforcement design (technique, mounting position of reinforcing member, etc.) is performed on the building (reinforcement design process), and in step (11), the building is based on this reinforcement design. Is instructed to the reinforcement supplier 4 (instruction step).
[0021]
In step (13 '), the reinforcement supplier 4 receiving the instruction receives a reinforcement member necessary for performing reinforcement based on the reinforcement design from the reinforcement member provider 5, and in step (13), receives the reinforcement received. Reinforcement work is performed by applying the member to the reinforcement position of the building (reinforcement process). Then, in step (14), the completion of the building reinforcement work is reported to the diagnosis contractor 3 as completion.
[0022]
Upon receiving the report of the completion of the reinforcing work, the diagnostic company 2 performs the dynamic seismic diagnosis of the building again in step (15) (re-diagnosis step). Then, in step (16), the re-diagnosis result in this re-diagnosis step is reported to the contractor 2 in a diagnosis report (reporting step).
[0023]
In step (17), the contractor 2 having received the report of the diagnosis result determines whether or not the reinforcement result according to the reinforcement design has been obtained from the received diagnosis result (confirmation step, determination step). If not, the created building reinforcement design is corrected. Then, in the procedure (18), the content to be reinforced again by the corrected building reinforcement design is instructed to the reinforcement contractor 4.
[0024]
In step (19 '), the reinforcement supplier 4 receiving the instruction receives the reinforcement member necessary for performing the reinforcement based on the re-reinforcement design from the reinforcement member provider 5, and receives the reinforcement member in step (19). Reinforcing work is performed by applying a reinforcing member to a reinforcing position of the building (reinforcing step). Then, in step (20), the completion of the re-reinforcement work is reported to the diagnosis company 3.
[0025]
Upon receiving the report of the completion of the reinforcement work, the diagnostic company 2 performs the dynamic seismic diagnosis of the building again in step (21). Then, in step (22), the re-diagnosis result in this re-diagnosis step is reported to the contractor.
[0026]
In step (23), the contractor 2 having received the report of the re-diagnosis result determines whether or not the reinforcement result according to the re-reinforcement design has been obtained based on the re-diagnosis result received (confirmation step, determination). Step), if obtained, report the completion of reinforcement to the owner, and perform data filing for storing the created data of the reinforcement design in step (24). Then, in step (25), an improvement design of the reinforcing technique and the reinforcing member is performed, and in step (26), a request for improvement of the reinforcing member (performance improvement, deviation reduction, cost saving, delivery time reduction) based on the improved design is made. Perform to provider 5.
[0027]
Although the above describes only the diagnosis and reinforcement of the building, the diagnosis company 3 also diagnoses the ground on which the building stands in the procedure (4), and the contractor 2 receiving the diagnosis results in the procedure (9). If necessary in ()), a ground improvement design process is performed, and an instruction for improvement work based on the ground improvement design is given to the reinforcement company 4. The reinforcement company 4 performs the ground improvement work based on the instruction in the procedure (12).
[0028]
Prior to carrying out the seismic retrofitting method based on the vibration excitation diagnosis according to the present invention, unequal subsidence of the foundation of the building 11, cracks of the foundation of the cloth, corrosion, insect damage, displacement of the foundation and column pedestal, etc. are visually diagnosed. It is determined whether or not reinforcement is possible. If it is OK, the process proceeds to execute the next step, that is, the seismic reinforcement method based on the vibration diagnosis according to the present invention, and if NO, without performing the seismic reinforcement method, Make a proposal for major renovation or rebuilding of the building.
[0029]
Next, a description will be given of a dynamic earthquake-resistant diagnosis of a building performed by the diagnosis company 3. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an arrangement of the exciter 12 with respect to the building 11 to be diagnosed. The exciter 12 is arranged on the second floor portion directly above the center of gravity of the building 11, and the building 11 is horizontally moved. Vibrate. In this case, the vibration exciter 12 that vibrates the building needs to be installed so as to avoid a carpet or a tatami mat where the vibration is attenuated. This vibration is performed in each of the X direction and the Y direction, and in both directions, a vibration part is detected by a sensor (not shown) appropriately arranged with a vibration generator interposed therebetween, and its characteristics are recorded. FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram showing a displacement response waveform at a resonance point in the X direction, and FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram showing a displacement response waveform at a resonance point in the Y direction. In FIG. 3, the dotted line shows the waveform on the north side, the solid line shows the waveform on the south side, and in FIG. 4, the solid line shows the waveform on the east side, and the dotted line shows the waveform on the west side.
This vibration is detected by acceleration. The displacement (amplitude) of the building increases as the resonance frequency is lower, that is, as the number of times the vibration of the exciter 12 reciprocates in one second is smaller. For this reason, a building having a lower resonance frequency (a frequency at which a house is most likely to shake) has a lower rigidity and tends to shake greatly during an earthquake. In a normal small building, the resonance frequency is 3 Hz to 8 Hz.
[0030]
In this case, the shaking of the building in the seismic diagnosis is 2 to 8 gal (acceleration value), which is equivalent to a seismic intensity of 1 to 2 when converted to seismic intensity. This is a safe diagnosis without falling or damaging the house. is there. Judge whether the building is swinging evenly (parallel) or with distortion (twist).
[0031]
In the seismic diagnosis currently generally performed, if the strength of the ground 13 is 1, it is sufficient, but if the strength is 0.8, 1/8 = 1.25, that is, the reinforcement of the building is 1.25 times. , 0.6, 1 / 0.6 ≒ 1.67, that is, a reinforcement extra of 1.67 times is required, and the strength diagnosis of the ground 13 is an essential item of the earthquake resistance diagnosis.
[0032]
Therefore, an exciter 14 is arranged on the ground 13 near the building 11 so as to vibrate the ground in the vertical direction, and the vibration (not shown) provided on the ground 13 at a predetermined distance from the exciter is used to measure the vibration. Detected and input to the seismic diagnosis analyzer 15 to analyze and grasp the characteristics.
[0033]
The exciter 12 for the building vibrates the building in the horizontal direction, and the exciter 14 for the ground vibrates the ground in the vertical direction. For the building, the vibration is measured in combination with a sensor (a shakemeter) that is performed in the X direction and the Y direction and is replaced in each direction. The seismic diagnosis analyzer 15 controls the

exciters

12 and 14 and captures and analyzes seismic waves from sensors to measure the natural frequency (Fr) of the building 11. Next, the natural frequency is amplified and excited, and simultaneous automatic measurement is performed with a vibrometer attached to each part of the building to measure the rigidity and eccentricity of the building (measurement process). (Vibration intensity is about the same as that of seismic intensity 1-2).
[0034]
Next, the results of the diagnosis and the current state of the building 11 are converted into electronic data and input to a computer, and as the magnitude of the earthquake increases, the shaking of the building 11 and how much earthquake will cause the collapse of the building 11 are determined by a virtual simulation program. Make a presentation (display process). All of the diagnosis results are transmitted to the contractor 2.
The contractor 2 selects an appropriate reinforcing member (such as a seismic fitting, a damping panel, a seismic board, and a brace) based on the above-mentioned diagnosis result, and determines a mounting position of the reinforcing member (reinforcing point display step). This decision is made by a specific calculation method and empirical data (know-how), and the result of this decision is immediately transmitted to the reinforcement company 4.
The reinforcer 4 reinforces the building 11 based on the transmitted determination result, and after the reinforcement work is completed, performs a re-diagnosis of the building as described above, and confirms that the rigidity and eccentricity of the building are within the allowable limits. If not, the above-mentioned reinforcement work is repeated, and when the rigidity and eccentricity of the building are within allowable limits, the reinforcement work is completed.
[0035]
Next, the procedure of the above-mentioned earthquake resistance diagnosis and reinforcement design will be specifically described with reference to FIG.
Seismic diagnosis procedure
Micro-vibration having a seismic intensity of about 1 is simultaneously generated on both the building 11 and the ground of the land where the building is located by using the

exciters

12 and 14. If the strength of the ground 13 is known in advance, only the building needs to be diagnosed. The center of gravity of the building 13 is determined based on the drawing 20 (design drawing, current drawing, etc.).
The diagnostic company 3 (site) converts the drawing 20 of the building 11 to be diagnosed provided by the client 1 into electronic data through a scanner or the like in advance, and converts the electronic data into a PC (personal computer) 21 of the contract company 2 (Step {circle around (1)}) and stored in a storage means (not shown) in the PC 21.
[0036]
Then, based on the drawing 20 of the building 11, the diagnostic contractor 3 specifies the building 11 and the vibration place of the ground 13 of the land where the building is located, and places the

vibration exciters

12, 14 at the vibration place. Cause micro vibration with a seismic intensity of about 1 (procedure (2)). If the strength of the ground 13 is known in advance, only the building 11 needs to be diagnosed. The center of gravity of the building 11 is determined based on a map (a drawing, a current state map, etc.). The

vibration exciters

12 and 14 display the seismic resistance of the building 11, the weak points, the strong points, and the strength of the ground 13 in numerical and waveform graphs (procedure (3)).
[0037]
The contractor 2 virtually receives the various data of the artificial vibration by the

vibrators

12 and 14 as it is (procedure (4)). Then, the transmitted data is displayed on a PC screen together with the drawing of the building 11 read out from the storage means, and the drawing is vibrated freely with the seismic intensity of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,. A strong simulation is performed. In this case, the diagnosis contractor 3 and the contract contractor 2 can exchange information also by voice, so that more detailed investigation can be performed. Then, the above operation is repeated to give a comprehensive presentation on how much seismic intensity the building 11 can withstand.
[0038]
Reinforcement design procedure
Next, the contractor 2 shifts to preparing an earthquake-resistant certificate (procedure (5)). As described above, the reinforcing point is specified and the reinforcing member is selected while changing the seismic intensity virtually on the drawing 20 based on the diagnosis points (procedure (6)). Then, on the PC screen, the above-mentioned reinforcing portion is reinforced with a reinforcing member, a simulation of the reinforcing strength is performed, and the perfection is confirmed. The number of reinforced parts and the change of reinforced members are simulated by repeating it several times to improve the degree of completion (procedure (7)) and report the completion of the seismic design (procedure (8)).
[0039]
Hereinafter, the construction process of the seismic design created as described above will be described in detail.
First, a reinforcing member is applied to the center of gravity axis (X direction, for example, north-south direction and Y direction, for example, east-west direction) of the building 11 based on the eccentricity found by the temporary diagnosis so that the rigidity on both sides is equal (primary). Reinforcement).
[0040]
In addition, as this reinforcing member, the eccentricity (large / small one of the widths of the outer walls sandwiching the center of gravity axis) ≦ 1.3 and the natural frequency of the building ≧ 3.3 Hz (of the vibrator) In the case where the vibration reciprocates in one second), only the corner reinforcing metal is used. The total number of attachments is determined by calculating backward from the reaction force of the reinforcing bracket, and the attachment position is determined by empirical rules. On the other hand, when the eccentricity ≧ 1.3 or the natural frequency of the building ≦ 3.3 Hz, a corner reinforcing member and a wall reinforcing member such as a vibration control panel, a seismic board, a brace, and a streak are used together.
[0041]
Diagnosis of results of primary reinforcement
At the stage when the primary reinforcement work is completed, the result is evaluated by re-diagnosis (vibration diagnosis by vibrator). As a result of this evaluation, if the eccentricity is <1.1 and the natural frequency of the building> 3.8 Hz, a completion report with a virtual program of the evaluation result is submitted to the owner to complete the construction.
[0042]
As a result of the evaluation, if the eccentricity of the building ≧ 1.1 or the natural frequency of the building ≦ 3.8 Hz, the reinforcing design is corrected and a reinforcing member suitable for the correction is applied.
As a result, a re-evaluation is performed again by the vibration diagnosis using the vibration generator. If the results are acceptable, submit a completion report to the client.
[0043]
The above-mentioned completion report includes the seismic performance of the building (measured frequency in the X direction and the measured frequency in the Y direction), analysis of the building (natural frequency in the X direction, natural frequency in the Y direction), and analysis of the ground (natural period). , Transmission speed, etc.) are appropriately described.
[0044]
Next, the seismic retrofitting method based on the vibration excitation diagnosis of the present invention will be described in detail using mathematical expressions.
First, the deformation of the wooden frame due to the earthquake will be described. It is extremely rare that the center of gravity and rigidity of a wooden house frame coincide. Regardless of the direction of the seismic force, its full force acts on the center of gravity of the building. Therefore, for seismic force extending from an arbitrary direction, the motion exhibited by the building is a torsional motion obtained by synthesizing the linear motion μ1 along the direction in which the seismic force is applied and the rotational motion μ2 generated by the displacement between the center of gravity and the rigid center ( μ = μ1 + μ2).
[0045]
On the other hand, in the conventional seismic diagnosis, a desk-top method of evaluating the composition of a building by adding the moments to the stiffness of individual walls on a plan view has been adopted. However, in this method, the stiffness of one wall is evaluated based on a rough classification (for example, whether there is a streak or not, whether it is a mud wall or a board wall), and the calculation result is different from the actual state. There are many things. Even if the wall on one side has the same specification, the rigidity varies considerably depending on factors such as the material, dimensions, machining skills, and aging of the frame.
[0046]
Therefore, in the past, the only means of reinforcing the wooden frame has been to solidify the construction surface with walls or streaks. It was a deformation prevention type frame reinforcement method and rigid reinforcement. Among corner reinforcement members developed in recent years, there is a type which is attached to a corner of a column and beam, delays deformation while following deformation, and restores the deformation that has occurred. This is deformation restoration reinforcement, so-called toughness reinforcement.
[0047]
As a method of strengthening the wooden frame, it was considered that only hardening, that is, rigid reinforcement alone was effective and was authorized. Toughness reinforcement has been denied from the beginning without any consideration. However, many five-storied pagoda are wooden tough frames (flexible structures) that have withstood every earthquake and strong wind for hundreds to thousands of years. As far as history records, the five-storied pagoda was destroyed by war and lightning strikes, and no one has collapsed due to the earthquake. The origin of the idea of Kasumigaseki Building, the first skyscraper in Japan, was the five-storied pagoda. That is, in a structure made of wood, a flexible structure is more adaptable than a rigid structure in a climate with many earthquakes. In addition, the pulling out of columns and the lifting of the base caused by strong seismic forces are much less liable to flexible structures than to rigid structures.
[0048]
Next, a method of toughness reinforcement design will be described with reference to FIG. 6 which is a two-story wooden plan view. FIG. 6A is a plan view of the first floor, and FIG. 6B is a plan view of the second floor. Theoretically, first, consider that the position of the rigid center in FIG. 6 is brought as close as possible. Next, the rigidity in the X direction and the rigidity in the Y direction of the building are balanced. If this is expressed by a formula,
Each surface in the X direction (X ₁ , X ₂ ... X ₇ RX) ₁ , RX ₂ , RX ₃ , ... RX ₇ ,
Each surface in the Y direction (Y ₁ , Y ₂ ... Y ₉ ) Stiffness is RY ₁ , RY ₂ , RY ₃ , RY ₉ ,
Then, the following equation is satisfied.

However, there has been no logical means for establishing this equation in individual wooden buildings using toughening metal fittings or the like.
[0049]
As described above, according to the first embodiment, the client 1 is notified of the earthquake-resistant state while experiencing the earthquake resistance, so the client 1 can make a request for reinforcement work with confidence. Then, before and after the reinforcement, the building is seismically diagnosed and the result of the diagnosis is reported to the client 1, so that the client 1 can know the reinforcement state of the building accurately from the contents of the notification.
[0050]
The status of the earthquake resistance diagnosis is displayed on the drawing together with the drawing of the building being diagnosed, so that it is possible to know where to reinforce and to easily perform the reinforcement design and reinforcement work. In addition, since the strength of the ground is diagnosed together with the building, the building can be reinforced more appropriately.
[0051]
In addition, since the contractor 2 that makes a contract with the client 1 manages a plurality of contractors that perform seismic diagnosis and reinforcement work, illegal means can be eliminated. Then, whether or not the building is reinforced is diagnosed by visual observation, and if the reinforced building is not reinforced, the seismic retrofitting method is not executed, so that unnecessary reinforcement work can be avoided.
[0052]
In addition, even if one company has a business unit corresponding to each of the above-mentioned companies, it is of course possible to perform all of the diagnosis and reinforcement by this one company.
[0053]
Embodiment 2 FIG.
Hereinafter, the second embodiment of the present invention will be described using specific numerical values.
In this example, a seismic retrofitting method based on vibration diagnosis is applied to a two-story wooden building for general use. That is, the construction method of this building is a true wall, a roof is a tile, an outer wall is a tin, and an inner wall is a decorative veneer. A vibration exciter is installed at the center of gravity of the second floor of this building. When a sensor is arranged in the east-west direction and the building is vibrated horizontally by an exciter, the resonance frequency is 3.25 Hz, the amplification degree is -16 db, and the vibration acceleration level (Lva) is 74.9 db on the north side. , 79.0 db on the south side. In this case, the displacement response waveform at the east-west resonance frequency of 3.25 Hz is as shown in FIG.
[0054]
Next, when a sensor is arranged in the north-south direction and the building is vibrated horizontally by the shaker, the resonance frequency is 4.5 Hz, the amplification degree is -16 db, the vibration acceleration level (Lva) is 72.4 db on the north side, and the south side is on the south side. A value of 68.9 db was obtained. In this case, the displacement response waveform at the north-south resonance frequency of 4.5 Hz is as shown in FIG.
[0055]
As described above, the second embodiment of the present invention has been described with reference to a wooden house. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to a steel-frame building and a light steel-frame building. The building is not limited to a two-story building, and may be a newly built house or a used house.
[0056]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the client is notified of the earthquake-resistant diagnosis status while experiencing the earthquake resistance, so that the client can accurately determine whether the building needs to be reinforced. It is possible to request reinforcement work with confidence. Without relying solely on the experience of the constructor, the building was constructed so that the building was mechanically subjected to seismic evaluation before and after the reinforcement, and the result of the diagnosis was reported to the client. There is an effect that the reinforcement status of the building can be accurately known.
[0057]
According to the present invention, the state of diagnosis is configured to be displayed on the drawing together with the drawing of the building being diagnosed, so where to reinforce, what technique, what correction member It is possible to know whether or not to use it, and it is possible to easily perform the reinforcement design and the reinforcement work.
[0058]
According to the present invention, the ground is diagnosed together with the building, and the reinforcement design is performed based on the diagnosis results of the two, so that the reinforcement can be properly performed. In addition, the ground is diagnosed together with the building, and the reinforcement design is performed based on the results of the diagnosis. Therefore, the reinforcement can be performed appropriately. Moreover, since the status of the diagnosis is displayed on the drawing together with the drawing of the building being diagnosed, the reinforcing work can be easily performed by applying the reinforcing member while viewing the display. There is.
[0059]
In addition, since the contractor who makes a contract with the owner has overall control of the diagnosis contractor who performs the diagnosis, the reinforcement contractor who performs the reinforcement work, and the reinforcement member provider that provides the reinforcement member, it is possible to eliminate the illegal means. There is. Then, it is visually determined whether or not the building is to be reinforced, and if the reinforced building is not to be reinforced, the seismic retrofitting method is not executed, so that there is an effect that unnecessary reinforcement work can be avoided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a seismic retrofit reinforcement method based on vibration excitation diagnosis according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an arrangement of exciters in a building to be diagnosed.
FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram showing a displacement response waveform due to east-west resonance excitation.
FIG. 4 is a waveform chart showing a displacement response waveform due to north-south resonance excitation.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a procedure of earthquake-resistant diagnosis and reinforcement design.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory plan view of a wooden two-story building to be diagnosed.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 client (building owner)
2 contractors (center)
3 diagnosis companies (site diagnosis group)
4 Reinforcers (local contractors)
5 Reinforcement member provider (maker)
11 Building
12 Horizontal shaker (for building)
13 Ground
14 Vertical exciter (for ground)
15 Seismic diagnosis analyzer
20 Building drawings
21 PC (personal computer)

Claims

A diagnosing step of oscillating the building to perform a dynamic seismic diagnosis of the building, a reporting step of reporting a diagnosis result of the diagnosing step to a client, and a reinforcing design for performing a reinforcing design for the building based on the diagnostic result Process, an instruction process for giving a construction instruction based on the building reinforcement design designed by the reinforcement design process, a reinforcement process for building reinforcement according to the instruction process, and a building again after the building reinforcement work by this reinforcement process. A seismic retrofitting method based on a vibration diagnosis including a re-diagnosis step of performing a dynamic seismic diagnosis, a reinforcement correction by the re-diagnosis step, a re-re-diagnosis step of the result, and a re-reporting step of reporting the result to the owner. .

A storage step of converting the drawing of the building into electronic data and storing it in storage means, a vibration step of vibrating the building using a vibration generator, and measuring the seismic resistance by vibrating the building in the vibration step Then, a display step of displaying a diagnostic value based on the measurement result on the virtual drawing read from the storage means, a reinforcing point displaying step of displaying a reinforcing point based on the diagnostic value, and the displayed reinforcing point After the reinforcement process to reinforce and the building reinforcement work by this reinforcement process, a dynamic seismic diagnosis of the building is performed again, and if necessary, the reinforcement work is corrected to confirm that the seismic resistance has been improved. Seismic retrofitting method based on vibration diagnosis with

A diagnostic step of performing a dynamic seismic diagnosis of the ground together with a dynamic seismic diagnosis of the building, a display step of displaying a diagnostic value in the diagnostic step on a virtual drawing read out from the storage means, and a reinforcing portion based on the diagnostic value. The process of displaying the reinforcement points to be displayed, the reinforcement step to reinforce the displayed reinforcement points, and the dynamic seismic diagnosis of the building again after the building reinforcement work by this reinforcement step, confirming that the seismic resistance has been improved The seismic retrofitting method based on vibration excitation diagnosis according to claim 2, comprising a step.

A measurement step of oscillating the building to measure the natural frequency and the vibration characteristics of the building, and a distribution step of appropriately distributing the reinforcing members required for the entire building based on the measurement results of the measurement step, A reinforcing step of applying the reinforcing members distributed by the distribution step to reinforce the building so that the deflection of the building is minimized, and, after the building reinforcing work by this reinforcing step, the building is vibrated again so that the deflection and the natural period are permissible limits. And a re-reinforcing step for repeating the reinforcing step if the vibration or the natural period is not within the allowable limit so that the vibration is within the allowable limit. Seismic reinforcement method based on vibration diagnosis.

The contractor executes a procedure (1) for making a building diagnosis contract with the client and, when the diagnosis contract is established, a procedure (2) for instructing the diagnostic contractor a diagnosis request for diagnosing the building. ,
A procedure (3) for requesting the client to provide a drawing of the building to the client, receiving the instruction, converting the provided building drawing into electronic data and storing it in a storage means, (5) to set up the building and excite the building to perform a dynamic seismic diagnosis, a procedure (6) for notifying the client of the result of the dynamic seismic diagnosis, and a procedure for reporting the diagnosis to the contractor ( 7) and execute
The contractor who has received the report of the diagnosis results in a procedure (8) in which the contractor reports the diagnosis results to the client and makes a contract for building reinforcement work with the client. Executing a procedure (10) of performing a building reinforcement design for the building and a procedure (11) of instructing a reinforcement contractor to perform reinforcement of the building based on the reinforcement design,
Upon receiving the instruction, the reinforcement company receives a reinforcement member necessary for performing reinforcement based on the reinforcement design from a reinforcement member provider (13 '), and applies the received reinforcement member to a reinforcement portion of the building. (13) to carry out building reinforcement work and a procedure (14) for reporting the completion of the reinforcement work to the diagnostic company.
Upon receiving the report of the completion of the reinforcing work, the diagnostic contractor executes a procedure (15) of performing the dynamic seismic diagnosis of the building again and a procedure (16) of reporting the re-diagnosis result to the contractor. And
The contractor who received the report of the diagnosis result judges whether the reinforcement result as the reinforcement design was obtained from the received diagnosis result, and if not, corrects the created building reinforcement design. (17) and a procedure (18) for instructing a reinforcement contractor to perform reinforcement again based on the corrected re-reinforcement design,
Upon receiving the instruction, the reinforcement company receives a reinforcement member necessary for performing reinforcement based on the re-reinforcement design from a reinforcement member provider (19 '), and places the received reinforcement member in a reinforcement place of the building. A procedure (19) of applying the reinforcement work and a step (20) of reporting the completion of the reinforcement work to the diagnosis contractor are executed,
Upon receiving the report of the completion of the re-correction work, the diagnostic contractor performs a procedure (21) of performing the dynamic seismic diagnosis of the building again and a procedure (22) of reporting the re-diagnosis result to the contractor. Run,
Upon receiving the report of the diagnosis result, the contractor judges from the received diagnosis result whether an acceptable reinforcement result has been obtained, and if so, reports the completion of the reinforcement to the client (step 23). ), A procedure (24) for performing data filing for storing the data of the created reinforcement design, a procedure (25) for performing an improvement design of the reinforcement technique and the reinforcement member, and a request for improvement of the reinforcement member based on the improved design. And (2) performing a procedure for a member provider.

The dynamic seismic diagnosis is performed by arranging a vibration exciter at the position of the center of gravity of a building, oscillating the building horizontally, and diagnosing vibration characteristics of the building. A seismic retrofitting method based on the vibration diagnosis according to any one of the preceding claims.

In the dynamic seismic diagnosis, a vibration exciter is arranged at the position of the center of gravity of a building, the building is horizontally vibrated to perform a vibration diagnosis of the building, and a vibration exciter is arranged on the ground where the building is built. The seismic retrofitting method based on the vibration evaluation according to claim 5, wherein a ground strength diagnosis of the ground is performed by vibrating the ground vertically.

Before executing the seismic retrofitting method based on the vibration excitation diagnosis according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, whether or not the building is to be reinforced is visually inspected. A seismic retrofitting method based on vibration excitation diagnosis, wherein the seismic retrofitting method is not performed.