JP2004332274A - Dam and dam construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To avoid pollution of rivers, by shortening a construction period when constructing a sand control dam. <P>SOLUTION: A plurality of blocks 3 are stacked up in a crossing shape in a valley in a mountainous region, and are engaged with the other blocks. The mutual blocks 3 are engaged, by fitting a projecting part 13 possessed by a single body block 3 itself, to a recessed part 15 formed of a combination of the blocks 3. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to dams.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As is well known, dams are embankments that block water currents and sediment across rivers and valleys to store water for power generation, water use, flood control, and other purposes.
[0003]
Among these dams, those for water storage are called water storage dams, and are created for purposes such as power generation, flood control, and water use.
[0004]
There are also sabo dams that are built to store sediment from the upstream and mitigate riverbed gradients. More specifically, the sabo dam controls the outflow of sediment by temporarily storing and adjusting 10 to 50% of the amount of sediment of the stored sand, and reducing the riverbed gradient to prevent erosion of the river. In this way, the sabo dam will prevent disasters and prevent sedimentation of the downstream storage dam.
[0005]
Sediment continues to flow in any valley or valley, so building a new sabo dam will eventually fill. Therefore, multiple sabo dams will be created in one river, but if the construction period is extended when building the next sabo dam, it must be dealt with by dredging the full sabo dam. .
[0006]
By the way, not only sabo dams but also concrete is usually cast for dam construction. However, transporting and placing concrete is not easy especially when constructing dams in valleys with a large vertical gradient. Also, casting concrete may cause river pollution.
[0007]
Therefore, a technique has been proposed in which a dam is formed using a plurality of blocks prepared in advance instead of constructing a dam by casting concrete (for example, see Patent Document 1).
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-08-041845
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional techniques, a connecting tool is required to connect the blocks. In addition, since the connecting portion is a separate member from the block, connecting the blocks via the connecting tool may require much time and the construction period may be prolonged.
[0009]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and a problem to be solved is to provide a sabo dam construction technique capable of shortening a construction period by simply connecting blocks. .
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has the following means.
[0011]
That is, the dam of the present invention is a dam constructed by combining a plurality of blocks stacked in a valley in a mountainous area in a transverse manner with other blocks, wherein the blocks are formed by a combination of the blocks. This is achieved by fitting the convex portion of the block itself into the concave portion.
[0012]
According to the dam of the present invention, since the dam is constructed by combining blocks prepared in advance, there is no need to construct the dam by casting concrete at the construction site of the dam. Can be prevented. Therefore, wastewater treatment becomes unnecessary. In addition, there is no need to wait for the concrete to cure, thereby shortening the construction period.
[0013]
Since the connection between the blocks can be performed without the joint, there is no labor and cost for assembling the joint to the block. In addition, even if there is no coupling tool, the blocks are engaged with each other, so that the coupling force between the blocks can be secured.
[0014]
In order to be able to fit the convex part of the block itself into the concave part formed by the combination of the blocks, the block has a target shape and defines a concave part in which the convex part of the block can be fitted when combined. Preferably, it is shaped. As an example of the block of the target shape, a cubic-shaped main body portion, and a column-shaped convex portion having a trapezoidal cross-section having a lower bottom that projects in opposite directions from a pair of opposing surfaces of the main body portion and has a lower bottom length shorter than the opposing surface Block consisting of The block has a cross-sectional shape that is line-symmetrical in the vertical and horizontal directions. With such a shape, when the two blocks are arranged side by side, a trapezoidal concave portion with a transverse cross section is formed between them in a channel shape. When the convex portion of the block is fitted into the concave portion, the engagement is maintained as long as the convex portion does not come off from the concave portion, so that the connection between the blocks is ensured.
[0015]
In addition, if a drainage channel perpendicular to the direction of flowing water is arranged in the block in the dam, and water leaking through the gap between the blocks collects in this drainage channel, it is more efficient to store water inside the dam. Can be prevented.
[0016]
The present invention is also a method of constructing a dam, a step of preparing a plurality of blocks in advance instead of casting concrete to build a dam, and a step of stacking the blocks in a valley in a mountainous area in a transverse manner. And engaging the stacked blocks with each other.
[0017]
Also in this case, it is not necessary to wait for the concrete to be cured because only the blocks prepared in advance are assembled, and the construction period can be shortened because no fastener is required.
[0018]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the dam of the present invention is applied to a sabo dam will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0019]
The sabo dam 1 is constructed across a valley in a mountainous area. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the overall shape is a trapezoidal column that has been laid down.
[0020]
As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the sabo dam 1 includes a plurality of concrete blocks 3 stacked as a whole in a trapezoidal column shape, and the stacked blocks 3 are mutually engaged with other blocks 3 with each other. It is built by doing.
[0021]
Note that the blocks have different shapes depending on where they are stacked, and also have different reference numerals. However, when the blocks are collectively referred to, reference numeral 3 is used.
[0022]
As shown in FIG. 2, the constructed sabo dam 1 includes a plurality of blocks 3 u located at an embankment (dam top end) 2 corresponding to an upper bottom of a trapezoid, and also a lower base of the trapezoid, and is stacked on a foundation bedrock 4. A plurality of blocks 3d, a plurality of left and right blocks 31 and 3r forming side edges, and a plurality of blocks 3m surrounded by the blocks 3d and 3r.
[0023]
These blocks 3 will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0024]
First, the block 3m will be described.
[0025]
The block 3m has a shape that is symmetrical in the vertical, horizontal, and horizontal directions when viewed in a cross section. In this embodiment, a cubic body 9 and a cross section of the body 9 protruding from the pair of opposing surfaces 11a, 11a in opposite directions, respectively, and having a lower bottom length shorter than the width dimension of the opposing surface 11a. Trapezoidal columnar projections (hereinafter, columnar projections) 13, 13. The trapezoid is a regular trapezoid whose upper base is shorter than the lower base. The columnar protrusions 13 are formed so as to be able to be fitted into channel-shaped recesses 15 having a trapezoidal cross section formed by arranging the blocks 3 side by side. In other words, the block 3m has a target shape and a shape defining a channel-shaped concave portion 15 into which the columnar convex portion 13 of the block 3m can be fitted when combined.
[0026]
Each of the blocks 3u and 3d has a shape as if one of the columnar protrusions 13 was cut off from the block 3m.
[0027]
The blocks 3u and 3d are arranged at respective stacking positions such that the projections 13 face each other.
[0028]
As shown in FIG. 2, the blocks 3l and 3r forming each side edge of the sabo dam 1 except the blocks 311, 312 and 3r1 and 3r2 at both ends in the longitudinal direction thereof have a shape like a diagonally cut block 3m. You are.
[0029]
Specifically, the block 3l has a shape in which the left portion of the block 3m is cut obliquely from upper right to lower left, and the block 3r is obliquely cut from the upper right to lower right of the block 3m. It is shaped like a partially cut.
[0030]
The block 311 has a shape in which the left portion of the block 3u located at the top of the bank is partially cut obliquely from upper right to lower left, and the block 312 is formed on the left side of the block 3d stacked on the foundation rock 4. It is shaped like a part of the site is cut diagonally from the upper right to the lower left.
[0031]
The block 3r1 has a shape in which the right part of the block 3u is cut obliquely from the upper left to the lower right, and the block 3r2 is a part of the right part of the block 3d that is also diagonally cut from the upper left to the lower right. It is shaped like cut.
[0032]
In such a block, as shown in FIG. 3, the single block itself has a trapezoidal channel-shaped concave portion 15 in a cross section formed by arranging the blocks 3 side by side. This is performed by fitting the columnar projections 13. Note that the blocks 3u, 311 and 3r1 form a crest and no other blocks are stacked on them, so that they do not form the channel-shaped recess 15 even if they are arranged side by side, and the flat crest 2 Are formed to form a flat surface. The center of the crest 2 is a recess as shown in FIG. 1, through which water from the river flows. Further, the blocks 3d, 312 and 3r2 are stacked on the foundation rock 4, so that the bottom surface is flat.
[0033]
Moreover, as shown in FIG. 1, the sabo dam 1 has a drainage channel 17 orthogonal to the flow direction (flowing water direction) of the river water.
[0034]
The drainage channel 17 is a plurality of through holes (only two are shown in the present embodiment) formed with a downward slope over the plurality of stacked blocks 3. In the drainage channel 17, water leaking between the blocks 3 and the inside of the blocks is collected. The distal end 17a of the drainage channel 17 is bent so as to communicate with the downstream side surface of the sabo dam 1, so that water leakage is discharged to the downstream river. Also, as shown in FIG. 1, the drainage channel 17 is provided with a plurality of branch lines 19 extending upstream, so that the water collecting effect in the sabo dam can be further improved. The drainage channel 17 and the branch line 19 can be applied by a cutout, a long hole, or the like formed in the permeable pipe or the block 3.
[0035]
Further, the block 3 is sized to be transported by a vehicle or a lift on a cableway. The block 3 is manufactured in advance in a block manufacturing factory or a block manufacturing yard (not shown) provided near or in the site. The blocks 3 transported to the site by the vehicle or the lift are arranged and stacked so as to cross the valley in a valley where the sabo dam 1 is constructed by a hoist such as a cable crane.
[0036]
Next, the operation and effect of the present embodiment will be described.
In the sabo dam 1, instead of constructing a dam by casting concrete, a plurality of blocks 3 prepared in advance are piled up in a valley in a mountainous area so as to cross the valley, and the piled up blocks 3 are mutually different blocks. 3 was made to engage unevenly.
[0037]
Therefore, since it is not necessary to cast concrete, river pollution can be prevented very effectively. Therefore, wastewater treatment becomes unnecessary.
[0038]
Further, since it is only necessary to assemble the block 3 prepared in advance, it is not necessary to wait for the curing of the concrete, so that the construction period can be shortened.
[0039]
Further, since the blocks 3 are engaged with each other in a concave and convex manner, there is no need for a coupling tool which has been conventionally required, so that it is possible to save labor and cost.
[0040]
When the blocks 3 are arranged side by side, a channel-shaped recess 15 having a trapezoidal cross section is formed between them. Then, if the column-shaped convex portions 13 of the blocks are fitted into the channel-shaped concave portions 15, the engagement between the blocks 3 is ensured. Further, the mutually engaged blocks 3 are arranged in a direction orthogonal to the flowing water direction at the construction location of the sabo dam 1, but the columnar projections 13 of the block 3 are fitted into the channel-shaped recesses 15. Therefore, the strength is increased, and it is possible to sufficiently withstand the shearing force due to earth pressure or water pressure acting on the block 3.
[0041]
In addition, in the dam, a drainage channel orthogonal to the flowing water direction is arranged in the block, and water leaking through the gap between the blocks collects in the drainage channel. For this reason, water can be efficiently prevented from accumulating inside the dam.
[0042]
Further, the present invention is also a method for constructing a dam, in which the present method prepares a plurality of blocks 3 in advance instead of casting concrete to construct the sabo dam 1, and includes the steps of preparing the plurality of blocks 3 in a valley in a mountainous area. It is apparent from the above description that the method comprises a step of stacking the blocks 3 in a crosswise manner and a step of engaging the stacked blocks 3 with each other.
[0043]
Also in the case of this method, it is not necessary to wait for the concrete to cure because only the blocks prepared in advance are assembled, so that the construction period can be shortened.
[0044]
The construction cost of the sabo dam can be hundreds of millions of yen in terms of the price of the main body alone, but a significant cost reduction can be expected by shortening the construction period and eliminating the need for sewage treatment.
[0045]
In the present embodiment, an example in which the present invention is applied to a sabo dam is shown as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. It is.
[0046]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, a construction period can be shortened and river pollution can be avoided sufficiently.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view when a dam of the present invention is applied to a sabo dam.
FIG. 2 is a view as seen from the direction of arrow II in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a combined block.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Sabo dam 2 Dike 3 Block 3d Block 3l Block 311 Block 312 Block 3m Block 3r Block 3r1 Block 3r2 Block 3u Block 4 Foundation rock 9 Body 11a Opposite surface 13 Columnar convex part (convex part)
15 Channel-shaped recess (recess)
17 Drainage channel 17a Tip end of drainage channel 19 Branch line

Claims (5)

In a dam constructed by combining a plurality of blocks stacked in a valley in a mountainous area with each other with other blocks, the blocks themselves have concave portions formed by a combination of the blocks. A dam made by fitting convex parts. 2. The dam according to claim 1, wherein the block has a target shape and a shape that defines a concave portion into which a convex portion of the block can fit when combined. 3. The block comprises a cubic-shaped main body and a column-shaped protrusion having a trapezoidal cross section whose lower base protrudes in opposite directions from a pair of opposing surfaces of the main body and has a lower bottom shorter than the opposing edge. The dam according to claim 2, wherein The dam according to claim 3, wherein a drainage channel orthogonal to a flowing water direction is arranged in the block. A process of preparing a plurality of blocks in advance instead of casting concrete and building a dam,
A method of constructing a dam, comprising: a step of stacking the plurality of blocks in a valley in a mountainous area so as to cross the valley; and a step of engaging the stacked blocks with each other.

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