【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は家庭又は業務で発生する生ゴミ、廃プラスチック、紙屑等の可燃ゴミの減容、加熱殺菌、脱臭、乾燥等による清潔化と集積、収集、運搬、選別、ゴミ処理、資源化に適した技術である。街路美観維持、鳥獣害防止とゴミ問題、臭気に煩わされない利便性家庭電器、業務用機器の新分野、廃熱、資源回収の経済化、高感染性ビールス肺炎、感染性疾患、家畜の口蹄疫等防疫分野にも有用である。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
ゴミ処理への先端技術の応用が遅れ未利用廃プラスチックの原燃料化、生ゴミ、紙屑の再生、ゴミ燃料、飼料、コンポスト等への再生利用率引上げが問題になっている。背景には財政事情、さし迫った埋立地不足、埋立地管理者の減量要請、焼却設備の立地難、老朽化、炭酸ガス問題、低コストの資源再生指向がある。しかし従来、家庭や事業所でのゴミ消毒、減容で再利用を容易にする概念がなく、不潔な混合ゴミとして扱っていた。廃物分別収集はコスト高で生ゴミコンポスト化、紙屑、廃プラスチックの雑物混入、不潔、電力・燃料多消費で資源化を阻害していた。ゴミの分別精度は悪く、再利用のための収集後の集中選別、手選別を要し、しかも可燃物の埋め立てがあり、高炉利用では特に高コストの選別が必要であった。熔融減容は集中選別を困難にしていた。発生源での清潔化、利便化も困難であった。生ゴミの乾燥減容方式、コンポスト化方式は塩分障害、異物混入、人口密集地での臭気問題、デイスポーザ方式の下水負荷増、ゴミ収集メタン化は廃プラスチックの油化と同様、分別収集費、製品の精製費高で規模の点でも装置工業と競争できなかった。また消費者のゴミ小口運搬頻度、集積所貯蔵量削減、清潔化、車両積載能力増、積替省略コスト高、車運行渋滞、排気ガス、炭酸ガス、埋立、不法投棄、環境汚染問題等の実用的対策技術は少なかった。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来技術の問題点は殆どはゴミ発生源で混合ゴミを作らないこと、再利用できる品物、単一素材とみられる新聞紙、ＰＥＴ瓶、同種品、衣料品以外の可燃物は家簡易に、低エネルギー消費で直接燃焼、ガス化燃焼できる庭、事業所の発生源でゴミ燃料にし収集運搬システムを簡易化するするとを目的とする。分別収集の精度が例えは高炉吹き込み用プラスチックペレット製造のためには熔融しない後選別容易な常温減容手段として重ね、巻き、袋等の空気抜き穿孔、からの選ばれた組合わせによって減容できる。又これを加熱し又は加熱せずに圧縮固定できる。加熱圧縮では装置の小型化によって雑物の混入が難しくなり分類精度が改善できる。従来の分別収集は分別精度が悪いことを前提としていたが発生源における選別減容と選別減容された物の原燃料価値を認め取引対象とすることを可能にしてさらに選別精度を上げることができる。分別収集は加熱も低度にしてゴミ処理の経済性、利便性を改善した。加熱も軽度にすれば万一混入物があっても分析又は破砕選別を容易にできる。高品質では比較的高温高圧加熱し高減容できる。高い選別精度の実現には発生源で複数の分類ゴミ容器の置き場が必要であるが減容で置き場確保に容器、減容機器の小型化、減容、減量、清潔化ができる。家庭・事業所で広く実用されるためには減容機器の利便性、低価格高機能に加えて成型燃料、又は原料の美観、無臭化、成型燃料の容積当り燃焼熱、非常用燃料としての貯蔵性、無煙燃焼性を確保でき、成型物の小型燃焼器をも可能にする。
【０００４】発明者らは先の発明において熱源として調理熱、浴用熱、暖房熱等廃熱利用によりゴミ処理、資源化用熱としてのガス・電気エネルギーを節約し、コスト節減を果すために、形態、質が多様な屑、ゴミを種類別に熱分解温度以下、比較的低圧圧縮減容して殺菌脱臭し混合ゴミにしない小型簡易なゴミ減容機を提案した。しかし長時間加熱する場合、又は利便性のための継続通電の場合には小型装置では熱損失が増加する問題があった。
【０００５】在来型屑箱は自体に圧縮機能を持たず、かさ張った状態で収容している。厨房、事業所、事務所で簡易に利用できる小型減容機とシステムがよい。熱損失減、包装フイルム、紙ゴミの簡易な減容、利便化に加え家庭機器普及までの資源化にはゴミ集積場所での簡易高速減容、収集運搬する車載減容機で廃熱利用、資源化の経済化をはかる。生ゴミ乾燥減容において熱損失が大きい機器では蒸発水分が乾燥すべき生ゴミ近傍で凝縮して熱効率を低下させる問題があった。予備脱水、廃熱利用加熱殺菌乾燥・悪臭防止、廃活性炭の自己再生、乾燥による取扱い清潔化、選別容易化によるコンポスト化、廃プラスチック、紙等も清潔化、ゴミの地域燃料化による都市、農業用冷熱温熱熱源、広域収集による経済的ゴミ発電、資源化、ゴミシステムの腐敗臭の防止をはかり、また高カロリーゴミ燃料化、異物混入がない乾燥ゴミ原料化が必要であった。減容率が大幅なので先の発明では高減容率にする場合には２段に加熱圧縮減容する提案をしたが減容機の小型卓上化は難かしかった。さらに減容状況を目視してゴミ追加、運転状況の観察把握ができると実用的にも試験器としても便利で、環境寄与の参加意識を盛り上げる効果がある。加圧室又は加熱加圧室とピストン又は加圧面はごみを一杯に装入する時の軸方向が狂い、ピストン又は加圧面置き場に困惑することがあった。新型の高感染性ビールス肺炎に関わる公衆衛生、家畜の口蹄疫防疫分野にも低コストで対応する必要があった。
【０００６】
【問題を解決するための手段】
消費場所即ち発生源で混合ゴミにしない前選別と簡易な手作業予備減容で減容の小型化乃至省略をすること、原燃料としての利用地・工場への直送を可能にする。このための品質、量を発生源、必要によって経由する中間集積地、或いは選別工場に品質改善、送り先データをフィードバックする管理システムとの総合経済化によって前記ゴミ問題の解決と再資源化経済化を達成できる。簡単な手作業による前処理はプラスチック製品の主要比率を占める包装用、業務用の薄いフィルム、シートの廃物堆積から空間を占める空気を追い出し嵩比重を半減乃至５分の１にして後処理の省略又は減容電器の占有容積小型を可能にする。後処理又は追加減容は比較的低温６０乃至１８０℃、１乃至０．０１乃至１ｋｇｗ／ｃｍ２で圧縮しつつ加熱面に廃物を押し付けて加熱、加圧するため詰め込み容量が大である嵩高のまま加熱圧縮するときに比べて減容室断面積は１０分の１程度、円断面では直径４０乃至６０ｍｍの程度が実用性を持つようになった。小断面では０．５乃至１ｋｇの加圧用の重りで０．０１乃至０．０５ｋｇ重／ｃｍ２と加圧面に押し付ける特徴を発揮し、また梃子、巻取り器具その他公知の方法で２ｋｇｗ／ｃｍ２以上加圧も容易になる。手動でもよい小型の油ジャッキ、空圧、水圧、ねじジャッキ等で１トン重／ｃｍ２を使用すれば６０乃至１００℃程度の比較的低温で容易に２０分の１程度の圧縮減容が可能になる。特性を利用して小型でも実用性に置物としての美観、観賞性したがって普及性を持たせるものである。このような減容装置は前例がない。腐敗的付着物がない成型物ではそのまま大量に集積でき、これは多くの場合再利用、ゴミ燃料化が容易である。食品滓等の付着物がある家庭ゴミは空気と湿気を追い出し殺菌減容してゴミ燃料とするのが資源・経済的に合理的である。
【０００７】異物混入が少なく、減容成型品が機械運搬、集積、移動、ガス化、燃焼・炭化に適したものは、中間貯蔵、分別を経由せずに利用工場へと直送するのが合理的である。このために或る集団でまとまった量が利用規格にとどまっていることが保証されていればゴミ燃料として無検査で最終利用者まで直送することができる。従来はこの保証と多少の品質不良を避けるためにコスト高になり、逆に利用困難であった。多少の品質変動を許容できるゴミのガス化燃焼ボイラー或いはゴミ発電に振り向け、品質は全数検査でなく地区ごとの無作為抜き取り検査の概念を取り入れて管理、監視する。特に品質が保証されるものは原理的に不純物混入を嫌う冶金用燃料例えば高炉、金属溶解炉に利用することができる。
【０００８】固形のゴミ燃料、原料は試料採取と分析に手間がかかるのが難点であった。このために小型または大型の流動ガス化燃焼炉を利用して気化部分と炭化部分に分けてそれぞれを連続又は間欠分析して短時間であるロットの品質を判定して振り分け又は品質改善指令を出せる。ゴミ発生源、中間処理へのフィードバックによる品質管理、炉前管理が容易になる。気化部分はガス又は低温タール含有ガス、改質した燃焼ガス等としてそれぞれ分析できる。
流動層では連続非連続、随時任意に取り出せる利点があるので炭化固形分は混入無機物、金属と炭素の比率を篩分、比重分離、磁性分離等公知の分別評価が容易である。減容・清潔化・集積、再利用容易な加工品にする。簡易性、経済性家庭電器を小型化によって達成できる。廃プラスチックのうち塩素系ラップフイルムを別にして分離回収すればそれぞれが良質の燃料又は原料となる。
加圧加熱減容室に予め半分以下に減容したものを入れると減容室容積は小型になり熱損失も減る。手作業又は器具を使用して廃プラスチックシート、フイルム等をそのまま又は折って短冊状にして巻き折り畳み或は縒りをかけて折り畳み、巻き指に巻き付け、端末を熱接着、加熱圧縮、糸紐による結束、ホッチキス留め、穴開け、かしめ、針列、粘着テープ、プラスチックフイルムの筒、プラスチックフイルムの輪、点溶接でもよい熔融接着等公知方法で留める。そのまま出荷し又は加圧加熱して安定化できる。フイルム自体の熱収縮、収縮フイルム使用、次いで切断し又は切断しないで材料またはゴミ燃料とすることもできる。このように纏めて３分の１乃至７分の１の容積にできた。圧縮、加熱圧縮成型するとさらに２分の１乃至５分の１となり当初に比し加熱温度と圧力により１５乃至３０分の１になった。
【０００９】小断面のピストンでは力も少なくてすむ。例えば径６ｃｍのステンレス等のカップ型加熱圧縮室では折り畳んで底に押し込み固定し重り又は押し面で圧縮し加熱固定できた。また、手作業で巻き取りロール、ダンボール芯、廃割箸、廃プラスチック再生芯等巻芯を回転しこの廃物を巻芯に巻き付け、又はつなぎつつ巻き付け、次いで巻芯と巻いた廃物を外してもよい。巻いて減容する場合に巻芯を外した場合には中空部に可燃物を充填できる。粘着性テープを引き出した部分に廃フイルム又は紙片を張り付けて連結してから巻き付け又は畳んで減容し又は加熱圧縮減容する。結束又は包装できることは当然である。このようにして得られた径３０乃至６０ｍｍ、厚み５乃至５０ｍｍ程度の小型成型物は従来の不定形嵩高ゴミの供給機の大型、定量的供給困難な難点を解消した。しかも成型時に選別して混合ゴミにせず、異物を混合しない方が楽なので自然に質がよくなる。かつ小型の成型物は磁力、比重、振動、光学特性等による選別、品質判定、分析が容易になる。
【００１０】１本以上の針に廃プスチックフイルム又は紙片を刺して綴り重ねしプレス又は加熱プレス綴、結束又は包装し或は加熱加圧室に押し込むこ、ともできる。薄板又はフイルム状プラスチック廃物に貫通穿孔し空気がこもらぬようにして折り畳み面を加熱面に押しつけると減容が容易である。巻側面を加熱。面に押し付ける時にはブリッジ構造になるので比較的高温で加圧加熱するとよい巻き取り具操作に粘着テープ貼付動作と巻き取り動作が手押しまたは足踏みペダル動作で回転し又は動力回転用スイッチをいれてもよい。加熱室加熱面の吊り下げ構造では底部熱板が底部断熱層にかかる圧縮力負担を軽減乃至無にし断熱効果が上がる。 加圧室又は加熱加圧室のピストン又は加圧面の軸方向狂い、室解放時のピストン又は加圧面の置場確保の問題は加圧又は加熱加圧室にピストン又は加圧面を貫く誘導軸を立ててこれに沿ってピストン等を移動し、或いは室の壁面に凹又は凸の誘導路を設けてピストン又は加圧面の対応凹凸に適合して誘導し、ピストン等を外した時には偏芯回転して室口を大きく開けしかもピストン置き場を確保できる利点がある。
【００１１】ゴミの逆止格子を容器入り口乃至中間部に取り付けた廃物容器は板又は格子に切れ目を付け、押し込み具或はフオーク状で逆止蓋、逆止格子を相互に通過でき、しかも、まとわり付くものは一対の向き合う櫛のように組み合わることによって梳いて脱離できる。このような逆止構造によってゴミを貯蔵部、加圧室、加圧過熱室等に容易に押し込むことができる。相互にかみ合い位置で一方は定位で他方は押し込み用往復運動し、或は器具や手で押し込むこともできる。
【００１２】熱効率向上と火災防止のための真空断熱は長時間加熱に適するが、力をかけると破損し易い問題があった。そこで座屈変型を避け真空断熱壁を薄くして力をかけず、壁材料からの伝導熱損失を避ける張力量の吊り下げ構造が変形に強く支持材料からの熱伝導損失も少なくできる新たな利点がわかった。
このように機器が小型になり多種類の貯蔵空間の設置が可能になると、物の種類と処理法により袋又は包装材料の色又は意匠を変え、文字表記、識別表記できるようになり少なくとも１部を透明にすることによってゴミ内容を目視又は機械判別できる。熱固定しない巻いたゴミは相当の比較的高強度袋に収めて集積、輸送できる過剰の熱をかけない残留弾性がある不安定なゴミを処理できる。
小径の加熱室容器が実用になることで金属容器薄肉の容器、ガラス容器、耐熱性ガラス容器又は耐熱性ガラス、セラミック、炭素性の筒、容器、加圧室、加熱加圧室が可能になり、着脱、運搬自在のゴミ容器、減容機器とし、又は圧縮室内壁、外壁、蓋又は底面の１つ又は部分を耐熱性ガラス又はセラミック製にできる。小型の加熱圧縮減容装置の加熱圧縮室壁、圧縮ピストン、又は外装から選ばれた部品に缶詰缶、瓶、陶器、セメント成型物、無機断熱材新品又は廃物から選ばれた材料で加熱圧縮減容装置を組み立てることができる。
【００１３】これらは廃品の再利用の外に新品の空缶、空瓶の密閉ピストン、断熱材、重りを詰めて密封すること、外装になる缶体に蓋に内壁、シリンダーに相当する構造をつけ又は詰め込む内部構造としてドーナツ型蓋部分を缶詰同様にカシメで形成できる。この蓋相当部分は通常のプラント量産でも手作業でも可能な利点がある。識別表示も缶詰同様に施工できる。廃物の再利用機器の普及にはコストを下げ量産することが必要であったが既存の缶詰、瓶詰、陶器、金属容器の型によるプレス成型量産技術を利用することは知られていなかった。
【００１４】ガラス壁利用による処理機器内部観察、測定と達成感効果は先に述べた。普及効果も期待される。廃プラスチックフイルム、容器等の裁断または破砕物は粗砕した嵩高のもの、紙屑、生ゴミ、繊維屑、廃活性炭、泥状物等はガラス、特に好ましくは耐熱ガラスを加熱室、加圧室に使用できることがわかった。硼珪ガラスのような耐熱ガラスを使用すれば１２０乃至５００℃程度の廃活性炭の低温加熱又は低温燃焼再生に使用することもできる。加熱室はガラス筒またはガラス容器とし、熱損失を減ずるためにその外を空間を置いて覆うガラス容器または少なくとも一部が透明であるガラス又はプラスチック性であることが望ましい。比較的高温加熱の場合には温度によって断熱にＰＥＴ、耐熱プラスチック、普通ガラス、乃至耐熱ガラス、有機繊維品、ガラスウール、岩綿、発泡ガラスビーズ等を使用できる。ガラスとこのような小型軽量の機器の組み合わせは単数または複数の機器連結からなる。
【００１５】また、各部屋の片側または両側壁を熱板とし、各部屋の上部から廃棄物を装入し、熱をかけて減容処理、圧縮処理、加熱処理または乾燥処理から選ばれた１つ又は組み合わせで処理し、次いで圧力をゆるめて処理物を室下方へ押し出す固定または車載装置も可能になった。加熱加圧減容して形状を安定化した小塊状廃プラスチックを成型原料とし若しくは可燃性原料又は燃料を燃焼炉又は熱分解乃至ガス化、或いはガス化燃焼が特に容易になる。減容室の材質は金属、ガラス、陶磁器、セメント、繊維強化セメント、耐熱セメント、木材、紙、ダンボール等が使える。熱源としては底、熱板を任意の熱源で加熱できる。断熱材なしでもよいが、断熱すれば熱効率が改善できる。比較的低温では綿、ＰＥＴ綿等の繊維、ガラス綿、真空断熱、積層複合断熱材が使える。加熱加圧室は裸、内面不粘着加工例えばフッ素樹脂加工、塗装、塗油、離型剤するのが適当である。プラスチック袋、紙袋、紙、プラスチック包装を装着して廃プラスチックそのまま又は減容した廃プラスチック、紙屑を挿入できる。
【００１６】簡単な手作業減容でゴミ容器からゴミが溢れる状態を解消できる。清潔性を保ち減容機器を小型化するには廃棄しつつゴミ容器で減容し、ゴミ容器の収容能力を増すのが適当である。ゴミは混合せずに最適加熱加圧条件が類似のものを同時に処理するのがよい。予備的に減容したものは木や紙芯の強度の高いものは外して加熱減容機に入れるのがよい。ジャッキを使用した低温高圧圧縮減容では外さなくてもよい。このためには嵩高部から圧縮部にゴミを圧縮しつつ移動する。逆止仕切り、移動又はスイング圧縮板、フオークを組合せて達成できる。一次減容又は圧縮には重ね、巻き取り重ね、セロテープ止め、コーヒーメーカー、ホットプレート、その他の加熱伝熱機器が使える。
プラスチック屑、紙屑は従来丸めて捨てるのが普通で習慣になっていた。
ところが本発明は丸めることなく重ねてまとめること、重ねて束ねること、かさ高のゴミをゴミ容器付属部分で順次減容して一時収容部を空にし又は減じて収容能力を回復させる。このために円筒状態に巻くこと、事務伝票のように刺して纏めること、嵩高のもの又はこれらの手段によって減容積したものを付属減容機能で圧縮又は加熱圧縮することによって当初の処理部又は収容部の収容能力又は処理機能を回復することができる。
【００１７】プラスチックフイルム包装材も、廃包装紙のようにかさ張る可燃ゴミを重ね、伝票刺し等を使用して止めつつまとめ、又は巻いて簡易に減容すること、この後に必要によってさらに後処理でまとめ又は加熱圧縮減容するもので、整理を減容につなぎ発生源で小口で小型装置で加熱圧縮減容し、また、集積後に比較的大装置で加熱圧縮減容できる。
在来型の屑箱は自体に圧縮機能を持たず、かさ張る状態であって収容能力は少なかった。逆止め蓋又はフオーク付き収容室は一杯になったら又は途中でもこれを押し込み収容できる。逆止機能付き収容室を重ねて両室間の送り機能を設けることによって収容量を容易に例えば２倍以上に増し、廃プラスチックでは加熱圧縮機構として５乃至２０倍程度に収容能力に増加できる。送り機構は逆止弁のようにスイングする切り込みがある板、フオーク等をピストンのように２室の蓋と逆止機構上下させることもできる。
【００１８】小型化は兼用化をも容易にする。従来利用されていなかった温水機、温水タンク、排気ダクト、内燃機関、輸送機器自体の余熱、廃熱等によって従来コスト高、場所制約で実施困難であった熱、厨房家庭電器廃熱の有効活用を可能にした。加熱操作はダクトを加熱面に利用し又は併用し、あるいはグリル、補助カバーを使用し空焚きでダクトに熱風を送ることもできる。容易にかつ継続的にかけ比較的長時間のプラスチック、紙の応力緩和を利用することにより従来難しかった比較的低温廃熱を利用できる。ガラス容器は兼用化をいっそう容易にする。卓上化はゴミの殺菌減容だけでも室の清潔化に有用であるが、病室の手元廃物、化粧紙、爪切、耳かき、ハサミ、金属食器、陶磁器等の乾燥、乾熱、湿熱殺菌、取手布帛金属、布帛殺菌、乾燥に使用できる。
【００１９】金属又はセラミックシリンダが外に３角或いは３つ以上の凸断面である断熱面又は加熱面を持つ加熱加圧室とこれに適合する断面の押し面を使用できる。これは巻、結び等で予備減容した廃プラスチック、紙の異形形状に適応容易で、しかも圧縮成型できる底の伝熱面を波板状にすること同様に伝熱面積を増ししかも断熱層を多くとることができ熱損失を減じ、底からの伝熱量を増加し、成型物にとっては破砕、予熱、加熱の公立を上げる。また成型物は相互の凹凸の嵌合に近い断面にすると充填密度を高くできる。さらに表面の皺と形状、表面積増大によって通気、接触装置充填物とし、あるいは生ゴミ成型物ではコンポスト化を容易にする。脱水、通気、乾燥表面積を増大する効果がある。
【００２０】発明者らの先の発明で生ゴミを伝熱面を介して加熱し撹拌乾燥し電熱、排気熱等を加熱面に与え、廃プラスチック、ゴム、紙屑等廃物を加熱面に押し付け圧縮すること、バネを介する圧縮、廃熱又は別の加熱系での廃プラスチック、活性炭加熱（特許第２７２７４５２、特願昭６３−３７７５９）、加熱面を融着せず熱分解しない温度での圧縮（特願平３−２８７４０３）、出し入れ容器使用（特願平１１−２３８７５４）、廃熱利用（特願平１１−３１５７８７）、特願平１１−２３７３６４、特願平１１−２５３４０２、特願２００１−１３０３２３、特願２００１−２８０７１３、等があり組み合わせて利用できる。
【００２１】図１はゴミ発生の度に嵩高のまま又は予備減容して処理する小型化に適した加熱圧縮減容装置１である。圧縮室、加熱又は保温外装とも分割でき、径２０ｍｍ程度以上の小断面、小円盤成型物或いは乾燥殺菌ゴミ加工に適する。それぞれの上下分割部分は公知のネジ、かぎ、突起と溝又は切り込み等の組合せで分離自在に接続でき、成型物の取出しも容易である。底の伝熱板と壁の接続もできる。横型にしてもよい。圧縮室、外装とも長い一体ものとしてもよい。成型物は予め挿入した取出枠、紐、針金、また、底穴３４からの突き棒、等も使用できる。室内面はフッ素系樹脂被覆、黒鉛等の離型剤、潤滑剤、焼付防止剤を塗布あるいは材料を挟むことができる。ピストン２は重り使用又は公知の方法例えば手押し、バネ、梃子、ネジ、ジャッキ等を使用できる。重り使用の場合には断熱層２０、２２の断熱層で包囲された重り１９で構成できる。断熱層を弾性又は繊維性とすることによって落下時の衝撃緩和による傷害防止ができる。重りは蓋１８を有する筒、缶、缶詰或いは塗料缶、茶筒又はそれらの空缶である２はピストン外箱２で薄いステンレス板とするのが適当で熱損失を小にして処理時間を短縮できる。メッキ又は塗装鋼製、ガラス、セラミック等であってよい。それらは取っ手、ヒーター端子板、装飾等をつけることができる。接続固定は缶等の本来の閉鎖機構をそのまま又は留めネジ等で補強して使用できる。加熱ピストンに利用する場合には、電熱、熱風、伝熱加熱板はピストン底板兼ねて厚くしたことに相当する。生ゴミ、紙屑、廃プラスチックの廃物、予熱、保温に使用でき、使用しない時には断熱蓋１０をすることができる。
【００２２】シリンダーに相当する加熱加圧室は加熱用電熱線あるいは温水、熱水、排気、熱風等の加熱媒体の加熱管、加熱套等の加熱手段を有してもよい補助断熱部４内の補助筒３と、本体２１の内筒６その底７とからなる。補助筒を付けた場合には、上側の紙屑、廃プラスチックは断熱材として働き、通常は上方への熱損失となる熱は断熱材である廃物を予熱することになり、処理時間短縮効果がある。本体断熱はセラミック、ガラス又は金属の真空又は保温套付きの高断熱容器とすると熱損失が少ないので常時加熱殺菌と短時間処理できる。内壁を伝熱面とした保温兼用容器に薄い廃プラスチックや紙屑、生ゴミを入れ短時間で取り出し若しくは加熱殺菌したものを押し込み圧縮物成型物としてもよい。取出しに紐、枠等を使用するか、セラミック、ガラス又は金属の底板付き容器又は穴明きの熱板を伝熱面とした廃プラスチック又は紙屑圧縮物を底の穴から押し棒で押出すことができる。底は加熱板８、シーズヒーター等の電熱、熱風、熱水、厨房内燃機、炉等の排気熱、蒸気、渦電流電熱、燃焼火炎等任意の加熱手段で加熱する。
【００２３】薄い伝熱面の温度測定において被加熱物側に凸な温度センサー収容部を設け、伝熱面は部分又は全面が１枚以上の薄板からなり、温度測定素子を付けた加工又は再生加工用伝熱面。室底７と加熱板８は兼ねることができ、この場合には、室壁６は円筒であるか又は加熱板８と固定又は着脱自在に連結する。補助加熱部は内壁５の温度７０℃以上ではと対流伝熱、伝導伝熱に加え輻射加熱が大きく寄与する。壁３がガラス壁の場合には輻射線は透過して効率よく内部の廃プラスチックを加熱する利点がある。廃プラスチックは加熱軟化するので次々に押し込むことができ、軽く押し込むのが難しくなってから加熱された廃プラスチックを圧縮して底部加熱面に押し付けて圧縮減容できる。手による圧迫は小型機では４０ｋｇ重即ち１．５ｋｇｗ／ｃｍ２以上を容易にかけることができ、梃子とバネ、荷重維持用ストッパー利用で４０乃至１００ｋｇ重即ち３．３ｋｇｗ／ｃｍ２が可能になる。廃プラスチックの場合には温まれば１乃至１０秒以内ほとんど瞬間に圧縮固定できる。降伏時間を考慮すれば梃子のバネを利かして固定するか、重りの併用によって圧縮減容率を上げることができる。加熱手段１０、底板７又は熱板のいずれかを最高温度の自動又は手動制御或いは手加減によって被加熱物を加熱して好ましくない分解を避けつつ実質上無臭の圧縮減容成型品できる。圧縮室底の内側に熱板を有するか、圧縮底自身が温度センサを有していると、底とヒーターの温度差分だけ加熱に有利になり熱分解を防止ししかも無用な熔融を避けることができる。同じ理由で低板に不粘着加工するか、離型剤塗布、薄いフッソ系或いはシリコーン系等の耐熱フイルム、薄葉紙、加工薄葉紙を粘着防止に使用することができる。温度は底７または８の非粘着加工、離型剤等の性質による。温度の手加減は料理の場合には日常のことであり、慣れると自動温度調節系を省略でき減容機は簡単化され、低コストになる。
【００２４】補助筒３を使用する場合には廃プラスチック、紙屑はそのまま押し込んだ後ピストン２を差し込むことができる。補助筒の上部付近の側面にゴミを投入するの穴を開けたものは適当なストッパーで上部で止めておいたピストンをストッパー解除で押し込み加圧でき、この繰り返しをしてもよい。補助筒を使用しない場合には（補助筒を使用した場合でもよい）手作業、又は機械で予備減容したものをシリンダーに入れる方がピストン操作が少なく操作簡便で卓上機の場合には適している。複数の加熱室を熱板１枚で加熱することもできる。
図２は図１の円断面の場合の平面図である。４角或いは多角、異形断面でもよい。図３は手指、道具を利用する簡易又は予備圧縮の場合、紙、プラスチックフイルムの袋を細長く畳み、又は撚ったものを２重に結び減容する略図である。３重以上に結ぶこともできこれらを集めて袋詰めし、又は１個ずつ径高さとも６ｃｍの小型卓上加熱加圧減容機能で短時間間減容成型できる。図４は細長い平紐又は短冊状に畳んだものを巻いて端末を中心の穴に差し込んで留めたゴミ燃料又は成型物を示す。図５、図６、図７はプラスチック又は紙、セロファン粘着テープ２８に紙片又はやや厚手のプラスチックフイルムを端をずらせながら重ねて留め、次いで巻き又は巻いてつぶし、或いは畳む減容を示す。
図８は短冊状に畳み次いで結んだものを示す。これらは空気閉じ込め防止、減容率向上のために錐、千枚通し、望ましくは加熱針等で穿孔するのがよい。そして平滑面が加熱面に平面接触するように底に置き加熱圧縮するのが伝熱を有利にし能率を上げる。図９は補助筒を使用しない場合の断面説明図である。灯油等の液体燃料、固体燃料燃焼熱、電熱排気、ガス燃焼加熱、加熱手段兼用もできる。
【００２５】図１０は伝熱促進と空気抜きのための穿孔、燃料化又はまとめのための糸、紐、繊維のための穴あけ３６を持つ伝熱面８である。偏芯してもよいし偏芯穴ピストン誘導軸、索又は線が貫通する孔３７を３１有してもよい。図１１は図１０の横断面図である。発熱体１２の押さえはネジ等公知の留め方を利用できる。穴明け３６は伝熱面８又はケース底にネジこみ、溶接等公知の方法でとめることができる。可変高にもできる。 図１２は加圧加熱シリンダー室とピストンとからなる加圧加熱減容機において中央又は偏芯位置にピストン誘導軸又は索を貫通し１端又は両端に支点を設けた加圧加熱減容機である。比較的小型の加熱加圧室にゴミを口まで満たすとピストン２は姿勢を保持するのが難しい。ピストン２を貫通する誘導軸、索、棒４３、弓部分４４を設けてる。４４は伸縮自在、であってもよい。また、２重管であってもよい。内側への曲げ防止用ストッパー７０は管状が便利である。伸縮に対する爪、楔を持つストッパーを兼ねてもよい。これに沿ってピストン２を移動し、圧縮の進行に伴ってピストンは加圧室に侵入する。圧縮が終了して圧縮成型物を取り出す時にはピストン２を成型物とともに４６のストッパーで外して取り出すか、加熱針、突起又は刃３６や４３を２の内壁に接して設けると図１５の穴５１のように成型物側面に切れ目５２を作り、ピストン２を図１３のように引出せる。４３や押付により穿孔又は切れ目を作ることもできる。ヒーターは輻射ヒーターをピストン２の加圧面の反対の１８面の内側に付け温度検出端又は制御スイツチを付ける場合にはヒーター近辺にして、取り付け敗勢を簡易化することができる。
【００２６】図１６は廃プラスチックフイルム成型物６５の芯穴５５に綿、紙、セラミック、ガラス灯心を差し込んだ成型燃料である。この灯心に灯油その他の石油、廃油、油脂、パラフィン、アルコール類等を染み込ませて着火できる。また染み込ませた携帯燃料としてもよい。熔融していないので連通透き間６８にこれらの液或いは比較的低融点物が含まれプラスチック、紙の燃焼を助けることができる。含有量は１％乃至８０％程度と染み込ませる可燃物と空間率、添加したおが屑、繊維屑、紙屑、炭素６９の形態、粒度等によって実験によって決めることができる。図１７は廃プラスチックフイルムを筒の外面に巻付け、又はプラスチックフイルム又は袋を巻いた筒の内面にプラスチックフイルム又は袋を差し込み、その内部空間に廃プラスチックフイルム、紙屑、生ゴミ又は生ゴミ乾燥物を圧縮充填し摩擦力と緊縮力で固定し加熱し又は非加熱充填したものである。
図１９はその断面、図１８は図１６の断面でフイルム層間に炭素粉末を入れたものを示す。これらの固形充填物は燃焼を補助し燃焼中のプラスチック熔融・流動を防止し燃焼制御に役立つ。プラスチックフイルム、紙又はそれらの袋同様にプラスチックシート容器、発泡容器、皿、緩衝材料、断熱材も加熱圧縮できる。
【００２７】図２０は外見見取り図としては図１０と同じであるが伝熱と位置決め突起３６が着脱自在の温度検出端９の保護管を兼ね、温度検出端９は保護管３６に支持具又は壁７２によつて支持されたバネ７１によつて３６に押し付けて温度誤差を少なくしている。図２１は図１２の変形で加圧ピストン２を比較的薄い加圧面７と断熱層２０又はヒーターとし、枠７１，支点７０と力点７７（穴又は突起がある）梃子７２、紙、プラスチック、生ゴミ層等の応力緩和と熱電動促進を考慮して加圧に持続性を与えるバネ７４その支点７３、７６からなる加圧機構を使用した例である。梃子の代り又は重りを兼ねたジャッキを装備すると好都合である。図２２は廃プラスチックフイルムを巻いて丈夫なプラスチック袋６５に詰め込み減容する図である。巻いた端末ほぐれを袋がとめる。隙間にさらに押し込み追加するか真空吸引で減容できる。８８は逆流防止機構又は封である。
【００２８】図２３は分類ゴミ１５、減容機構１、家庭内又は事業所貯蔵８２、品質による用途振り分け機能８３から、中間貯蔵、検査及び選別８５、工場の貯蔵８９、利用から分析・選別機器９０、固体製品９２の成分検査９３、気相９１の検査分析９４成型ゴミ利用ゴミ発電９６、高炉９７、までを合理的に経済的に運用するシステムモデルである。品質はインターネットライン１０１、１０２、１０３を利用してフイードバックできる。品質評価は発生源における加工品質の常時又は抜き取り検査を８５と分析・選別機器例えば炭化炉９０で行い中間貯蔵、選別、検査を省略して製品（ゴミからの成型又は乾燥生ゴミ原燃料）品質監視し、できるだけ工場直送して選別、輸送、貯蔵費用を節約する。炭化炉は固定ルツボ炉、回転炭化炉、或いはガス化炉が使えるが例えば特許２９１７０２２号の流動炭化炉、流動ガス化炉が前処理なしの直接分析操業に適している。これは反応時間が分単位乃至１時間以下と短時間であり流動層の特性から一定条件で品質評価できるためである。ガラス、陶器、金属片等は６００℃以以下の炭化で容易に分別できる。バイオマス又はバイオマス共存では８００℃以上でガス化分離し分析評価もできる。
【００２９】図２４は逆止機能付のゴミ箱である。複数の棒或いは枠状又は押さえ１０３を通過できるスリット１０４を有し、加熱面８を装備できる。加熱系は温度調節、タイマー、安全装置をつけることができる。１０４の上にあるゴミ１５を手、棒或いは熊手状の押え棒で下方への押込み圧縮と同時に空間を空けることができる。１０３で加熱面８にゴミ１５を押し付けて圧縮し、１０５を空けて下の引出し１１１に移す。圧縮ゴミ１６を受けた１１１は前から引き出せる。加熱面は省略してもよい。引出し１１１、加熱面に袋、紐、包装用フイルムを取り付けることができる。紐、包装用プラスチックフィルムは公知の巻いたものの繰り出し機構をつけるのが便利である。
図２５は２つの逆止押し面又は熊手の平面食い違い位置関係を示している。
【００３０】
【作用】本発明の方法、装置、システムは以上に述べたものの相互、発明者らの先行出願、公知の出願と選択組合せ、変形実施可能であって、手作業を含めて廃物の減容、殺菌、再生、原燃料化等ができる。
【００３１】
【実施例１】図１において、リサイクル用廃物処理装置１で廃包装フイルム・シート製品を高密度ポリエチレン袋に入れた約１．２リットル５０グラム、嵩比重０．０１３を内法寸法幅１５×厚み４×長さ２０ｃｍの処理容器に押し込み、加熱面温度を１３０℃付近に調節し、加熱軟化圧縮成型した。減容率は１／１０であった。発泡ＰＳ皿、潰したＨＩＰＳ乳酸飲料ピンも減容できた。単一品質の廃プラスチックは成型容易であった。加熱室にガラスビーカー、瓶が使用できた。
【実施例２】図１において、リサイクル用廃物処理装置１で廃発泡ＰＳ皿を手で裂いて細片とし約０．３６リットル５．２グラム、嵩比重０．０１４を内法寸法直径６．２×高さ６ｃｍ×２段全高さ１２ｃｍの厚み０．８ミリメートルステンレス製処理容器に押し込み、加熱面温度を１７５℃に調節し、２ｋｇの重り加熱軟化圧縮成型した。減容率は３０分、１／１０になり弾性緩衝板が得られた。４０分で１／２０に減容できた。１７０℃ではそれらの半分の時間で足りた。
潰したＨＩＰＳ乳酸飲料ピンも同様に減容できた。単一品質の廃プラスチックは再生または他用途に転用できる。
【００３２】
【実施例３】図１２の装置において、廃プラスチックシート、フイルム等をそのまま又は折って短冊状にして巻いて折り畳み或は緩りをかけて折り畳み、巻き指に巻き付け、そのまま又は縛り、自縛し又はセロテープ、ビニルテープ、輪ゴムて留めて３分の１乃至７分の１の容積とすることができた。小断面の径６ｃｍのステンレスカップ型加熱圧縮室では折り畳んで底に押し込み固定し重り又は押し面で１６０℃、０．２６ｋｇの重りで３０分加熱加圧し、終わりに手で約２０ｋｇかけて追加圧縮の後冷却し加熱圧縮できた。０．２ｍｍポリプロピレンの袋を、８．３グラム、径６ｃｍ、高さ１．５ｃｍ、比重０．２の円盤状成型物が得られた。巻き又は畳みの面が底部加熱面にあたるのがブリッジ効果を回避できて加熱、圧縮の効果が高いことがわかった。巻いた芯方向を立てる場合には１８０℃、３０分終了直前に５０ｋｇと比較的高温加熱、比較的高圧を必要とした。上記同様にして成型品比重０．３の結果が得られた。
【００３３】
【実施例４】実施例３の比重０．２のポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンフイルム廃物の成型円盤の穴に岩綿を挿入し、灯油１ｍｌを滴下し着火した。ロウソク状に燃えた。王冠状の配列の複数の火炎で燃焼した。パラフィンを熔かして灯油同様に染み込ませた。灯油の場合と同様に燃やすことができた。穴の位置は中心でなくてもよかった。さらに穴のない円盤の端にライターで着火でき目視無煙で燃焼できた。風を避けるに通風口を設けた金属缶又はアルミ箔の囲いの中に着火した円盤成型物をいれ無煙乃至わずかな発煙で燃焼継続し約３０％の炭化残渣を残した。煤発生が少ない反映である。この残渣は集めて炉で無煙燃焼できた。
多数の通風防風用釘穴を開けた缶に成型品をいれて無煙燃焼できた。
【００３４】
図１の装置で新しい生ゴミ圧縮脱水し加熱又は乾燥熱源は廃プラスチック、紙屑同様電気（電熱、渦電流、高周波等）、熱風、排気、水蒸気、加熱套加熱のいずれか又は組み合わせで加熱殺菌し、次いで自然通風又はファンでの排気、外気送風で乾燥しポリエチレン袋に詰める。殺菌脱水により慣用の天日乾燥効果を利用できる。これは生ゴミと加熱面出力と伝熱面積と条件により１０乃至６０分以上加熱殺菌し必要により乾燥し実質的に悪臭を防止しつつ実施できた。
【００３５】
【実施例６】缶詰缶と工程利用で缶に蓋を付けて空缶又は重り断熱材を封入して圧縮ピストンとする場合には相当部分を缶詰機器で蓋をして強度を上げることができる。ヒーター、温度検出端を封入してリード線を図１８に使用するピストンの上蓋にとりつけることもできる。空き缶を利用する場合には、公知方法により成型蓋をかしめて封入固定できる。
【００３６】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように廃プラスチック、生ゴミ、紙屑、廃活性炭の再生資源化の経済性を比較的低温加熱で軽量重り乃至２トンジャッキの力も簡易に利用できる小型簡易化、業務又は家庭で原燃料化形態とすることを可能にした。大型機器、成型も可能である。これに分析収集運搬と情報連絡を含めシステムを簡易化し可燃物経済的資源化システムとする。経済的、場所的節約によって不燃物資源化・処分も大幅に改善できる。家事・業務負担は減容、清潔、置場節減。ゴミ出し日・時刻制約を外しゴミ業務は埋め立て量減と機械化により、労働環境改善、高齢労働力が活用可能になる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】廃プラスチック加熱圧縮減容機断面図
【図２】図１の円断面の場合の平面図
【図３】紙、プラスチックフイルムの袋を細長く畳み、又は撚ったものを２重に結び減容した略図
【図４】細い短冊を巻き端末を芯に押し込み留めた説明図
【図５】粘着テープに紙片、プラスチックフイルム袋を重ねて留めた略図
【図６】同 断面説明図
【図７】同品を巻いた減容断面説明図
【図８】紙片、プラスチックフイルム袋短冊状に結んだ見取図
【図９】図１の補助筒を省き内部突出型温度センサー、温度指示調節計を付けた説明図
【図１０】穴開け兼伝熱促進突起を持つ加熱面の見取図
【図１１】同 断面図
【図１２】ピストン又は加熱面誘導軸を持つ加熱加圧減容機断面図
【図１３】同 平面図
【図１４】同 ピストンを引き上げ開いた平面図
【図１５】成型原燃料見取図
【図１６】灯心を付けた成型原燃料見取図
【図１７】ゴミを巻いた減容物の芯にゴミを充填した説明図
【図１８】灯心を付けた成型原燃料断面図
【図１９】ゴミを巻いた減容物の断面図
【図２０】着脱型温度測定端と加熱面断面図
【図２１】ピストン又は加熱面誘導軸と梃子を持つ加熱加圧減容機断面図
【図２２】密に巻いた廃プラスチックの袋詰め説明図
【図２３】廃プラスチック、ゴミノ用途別の収集・評価・利用モデル図
【図２４】逆止防止機構付きのゴミ箱
【図２５】ゴミ箱逆止防止機構の熊手の位置平面説明図
【符号の説明】
１ 本体、２ ピストン外箱、３ 補助筒、４ 補助断熱部、
５ 補助加熱部内壁、６ 加熱加圧室、室壁筒、８ 加圧伝熱板、１０ 断熱板、
１２ 電熱、１４ 加熱用電熱線、加熱管、加熱套、６内筒、７内筒底
１５、１６ 廃プラスチック又は紙屑、１８ 蓋、１９ 重り、
２０、２２ 断熱層又はヒーター、２８ 粘着テープ、
３３ 被加熱物側に凸な温度センサー収容部、３４ 取り出し紐、枠、鉤、
３６ 保護管、７０、７３ 支点、７４ バネ、８８ 逆流防止機構又は封、
８２ 家庭内又は事業所貯蔵、８３ 品質による用途振り分け機能、
８５ 中間貯蔵、検査及び選別、８９ 貯蔵、９０ 利用、分析・選別機器、
９２ 固体製品、９３ 成分検査、９４ 気相の検査分析、９６ 成型ゴミ利用、
１０１、１０２、１０３ フイードバックインターネットライン、
８５ 発生源加工品質常時又は抜き取り検査、分析・選別機器、９０ 炭化炉、
１０３ 棒或いは枠状押さえ、１０４ スリット、１１１ 引出し、
１２０ 支点、１２５ 紐、包装用プラスチックフイルム繰り出し機構[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention is suitable for reducing the volume of combustible garbage such as garbage, waste plastic, and paper waste generated at home or in business, cleaning and accumulating by heat sterilization, deodorization, drying, etc., collecting, transporting, sorting, garbage disposal, and recycling. Technology. Preservation of street aesthetics, prevention of birds and beasts damage and garbage problems, convenient household appliances that are not bothered by odors, new fields of industrial equipment, waste heat, economical resource recovery, highly infectious virus pneumonia, infectious diseases, livestock foot and mouth disease, etc. It is also useful in the field of quarantine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The application of advanced technology to garbage disposal has been delayed, and there has been a problem of converting unused plastic waste into raw fuel, recycling garbage and paper waste, and increasing the recycling rate of garbage fuel, feed, compost, and the like. Behind this are the financial situation, the impending shortage of landfills, the demand for landfill managers to reduce their weight, difficulty in locating incinerators, aging, carbon dioxide problems, and low-cost resource regeneration. However, conventionally, there was no concept of facilitating reuse by disinfecting and reducing the volume of garbage in homes and business establishments, and it was treated as dirty mixed garbage. Separation and collection of wastes was expensive and hindered resource recycling due to composting of garbage, mixing of paper scraps and waste plastics with impurities, filthiness, and high power and fuel consumption. The accuracy of garbage separation was poor, requiring intensive sorting and manual sorting after collection for reuse, and also landfilling of combustibles, and blast furnace use required particularly high-cost sorting. Melting volume reduction made intensive sorting difficult. It was also difficult to clean and make it convenient at the source. Drying and volume reduction method of garbage, composting method is salt obstacle, foreign matter contamination, odor problem in densely populated area, increasing sewage load in disposer method, garbage collection and methanation are separate collection costs like waste plastic oiling, Due to the high cost of product refining, it could not compete with the equipment industry in terms of scale. In addition, the frequency of transportation of small garbage by consumers, reduction of storage capacity at depots, cleanliness, increase of vehicle loading capacity, high cost of transshipment, high traffic congestion, exhaust gas, carbon dioxide, landfill, illegal dumping, environmental pollution problems, etc. There were few technical measures.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The problems with the prior art are that most of the garbage sources do not produce mixed garbage, recyclable items, newspapers, PET bottles, similar items, and combustible materials other than clothing that appear to be a single material can be easily housed with low energy. The aim is to simplify the collection and transportation system by converting waste into garbage at the yard or office where direct combustion or gasification combustion can be achieved by consumption. For example, the accuracy of sorting and collecting can be reduced by a combination selected from stacking, wrapping, air bleeding of bags, etc., as a room temperature volume reducing means which does not melt and is easy to select for producing plastic pellets for blowing into a blast furnace. It can be compressed and fixed with or without heating. In the heating and compression, mixing of miscellaneous substances becomes difficult due to the downsizing of the apparatus, and classification accuracy can be improved. Conventional separation and collection was premised on poor separation accuracy.However, it is possible to increase the separation accuracy by allowing sorting and reduction of the source at the source and the value of the raw material and fuel of the sorted and reduced volume to be considered as a trading object. it can. Separated collection also improved the economics and convenience of garbage disposal by lowering the heating. If the heating is also light, analysis or crushing and sorting can be easily performed even if contaminants are present. High quality can be heated at a relatively high temperature and pressure to achieve high volume reduction. In order to realize high sorting accuracy, it is necessary to place a plurality of classified trash containers at the source, but it is possible to reduce the volume, reduce the volume, reduce the volume, and clean the containers and volume reduction equipment to secure the storage space by reducing the volume. In order to be widely used in homes and business establishments, in addition to the convenience of volume reduction equipment, low price and high functionality, aesthetics of molded fuel or raw materials, deodorization, combustion heat per volume of molded fuel, emergency fuel Storage and smokeless combustion can be ensured, and a compact compact combustor can be made.
[0004] In the prior invention, the inventors of the present invention used waste heat such as cooking heat, bath heat, and heating heat as heat sources to save gas and electric energy as heat for garbage disposal and recycling, and to achieve cost savings. We proposed a compact and simple trash volume reduction machine that disposes of various types and qualities of refuse and trash by compression at a relatively low pressure below the pyrolysis temperature, sterilization and deodorization to make no trash. However, in the case of heating for a long time, or in the case of continuous energization for convenience, there is a problem that heat loss increases in a small device.
[0005] The conventional waste box does not have a compression function itself and is stored in a bulky state. Small volume reducers and systems that can be easily used in kitchens, offices and offices are good. In addition to reducing heat loss, simplifying and reducing the volume of packaging films and paper trash, and making it easier to use household equipment as a resource, simple and high-speed volume reduction at garbage collection points, and use of waste heat with on-board volume reducers that collect and transport, Aim for economical resource utilization. In a device having a large heat loss in drying and reducing the volume of garbage, there is a problem that the evaporated water condenses near the garbage to be dried and lowers the thermal efficiency. Preliminary dewatering, waste heat heat sterilization drying, prevention of bad smell, self-regeneration of waste activated carbon, clean handling by drying, composting by easy sorting, cleaning of waste plastic, paper, etc. It was necessary to use chilled and heated heat sources, economic waste power generation through wide-area collection, resource recycling, prevention of the odor of garbage systems, use of high-calorie waste fuel, and the use of dry garbage raw materials free of foreign matter. Since the volume reduction rate is large, the prior invention proposed a two-stage heat compression volume reduction in order to achieve a high volume reduction rate, but it was difficult to reduce the size of the volume reduction machine to a desktop. Furthermore, if the user can visually observe the volume reduction status and add garbage and observe and understand the operation status, it is practical and convenient as a tester, and has the effect of encouraging participation in environmental contribution. The axial direction of the pressurizing chamber or the heating / pressurizing chamber and the piston or the pressurizing surface when the dust is fully charged may be misaligned, and the piston or the pressurizing surface may be confused. There was also a need for low-cost measures in the field of public health related to the new highly infectious virus pneumonia and the field of animal foot-and-mouth disease control.
[0006]
[Means to solve the problem]
It is possible to reduce the size or omit the volume reduction by pre-sorting at the place of consumption, that is, at the source, and not to mix waste, and to reduce the volume by simple manual preliminary volume reduction. To solve the garbage problem and recycle economy by comprehensively improving the quality and quantity to the generation source, intermediate accumulation area passing through as necessary, or to the sorting factory, and the management system that feeds back the destination data. Can be achieved. Simple manual pre-treatment removes air occupying space from waste accumulation on packaging and commercial thin films and sheets, which occupy a major proportion of plastic products, and reduces bulk density by half to 1/5 to eliminate post-treatment. Alternatively, the occupied volume of the volume reduction device can be reduced. The post-treatment or additional volume reduction is performed at a relatively low temperature of 60 to 180 ° C and 1 to 0.01 to 1 kgw / cm2 while pressing the waste on the heating surface to heat and pressurize. Compared with the compression, the cross-sectional area of the volume-reducing chamber is about one-tenth, and the diameter of the circular cross-section is about 40 to 60 mm. In a small cross section, it exerts the feature of being pressed against the pressurized surface at 0.01 to 0.05 kg weight / cm2 with a pressure weight of 0.5 to 1 kg, and has a load of 2 kgw / cm2 or more by a lever, a winding device or other known methods. The pressure is also easier. If 1 ton weight / cm2 is used with a small oil jack, pneumatic, water pressure, screw jack, etc. that can be manually operated, it is possible to easily reduce the volume by about 1/20 at a relatively low temperature of about 60 to 100 ° C. Become. Utilizing the characteristics, it is possible to give the aesthetic appearance, the appreciation property and the spread as an ornament to a practical use even in a small size. Such a volume reduction device has no precedent. A molded product having no perishable deposits can be accumulated in a large amount as it is, and in many cases, it is easy to reuse and convert it to waste fuel. It is resource and economically reasonable to dispose of household garbage with deposits such as food residue by removing air and moisture and sterilizing and reducing the volume to produce garbage fuel.
[0007] If the reduced-volume molded product is suitable for mechanical transportation, accumulation, transfer, gasification, combustion and carbonization, it is reasonable to send it directly to the utilization plant without intermediate storage and separation. It is a target. For this reason, if it is guaranteed that the quantity of a certain group stays within the usage standard, it can be directly sent to the final user without inspection as garbage fuel. In the past, costs were high to avoid this guarantee and some quality defects, and conversely it was difficult to use. It will be directed to garbage combustion boilers or garbage power generation that can tolerate some quality fluctuations, and quality will be managed and monitored by adopting the concept of random sampling inspection for each area instead of 100% inspection. In particular, those whose quality is guaranteed can be used for metallurgical fuels which do not like to contain impurities in principle, such as blast furnaces and metal melting furnaces.
[0008] Solid garbage fuels and raw materials have been disadvantageous in that sampling and analysis are troublesome. For this purpose, a small or large fluidized gasification and combustion furnace can be used to separate into vaporized parts and carbonized parts, and continuous or intermittent analysis of each can be made to determine the quality of a lot in a short time and to issue a distribution or quality improvement command. . Quality control by feedback to garbage sources and intermediate treatment and furnace front management become easy. The vaporized portion can be analyzed as a gas or a low-temperature tar-containing gas, a reformed combustion gas, or the like, respectively.
Fluidized beds have the advantage of being continuously discontinuous and can be arbitrarily taken out at any time, so that the carbonized solid content can be easily separated and evaluated by known fractionation such as sieving, specific gravity separation, and magnetic separation of the ratio of the mixed inorganic matter and metal to carbon. Make processed products easy to reduce, clean, accumulate and reuse. Simplicity and economy Home appliances can be achieved by miniaturization. If the waste plastic is separated and recovered separately from the chlorine-based wrap film, each becomes a high quality fuel or raw material.
If a volume reduced to less than half is put in the pressurized heating volume reducing chamber in advance, the volume of the volume reducing chamber becomes small and the heat loss is reduced. Hand or use a device to directly or fold the waste plastic sheet, film, etc. into a strip shape, fold it or fold it, wrap it around your finger, wind it around your finger, bond the terminal with heat, heat and compress it with a string. , Stapling, punching, caulking, needle rows, adhesive tape, plastic film cylinders, plastic film loops, and fusion bonding such as spot welding. It can be shipped as it is or can be stabilized by heating under pressure. It is also possible to heat shrink the film itself, use the shrink film, and then cut or uncut as a material or waste fuel. In this way, the volume was reduced to one third to one seventh. After compression and heat compression molding, the temperature was further reduced to 1/2 to 1/5 and 15 to 30 times lower than the initial value depending on the heating temperature and pressure.
[0009] A piston having a small cross section requires less force. For example, in a cup-shaped heating and compression chamber made of stainless steel or the like having a diameter of 6 cm, it could be folded, pushed into the bottom and fixed, compressed with a weight or a pressed surface, and heated and fixed. Alternatively, the winding core such as a take-up roll, a cardboard core, a waste chopstick, a waste plastic recycled core may be rotated by hand, and the waste may be wound around the core or wound while being connected, and then the waste wound around the core may be removed. . When the core is removed when the volume is reduced by rolling, the combustible material can be filled in the hollow portion. A waste film or a piece of paper is attached to a portion from which the adhesive tape has been pulled out and connected, and then wound or folded to reduce the volume or heat and compression to reduce the volume. Of course, it can be tied or packaged. The thus obtained small molded product having a diameter of 30 to 60 mm and a thickness of about 5 to 50 mm has solved the difficulties of the conventional large-sized bulky garbage feeder, which is difficult to supply quantitatively. In addition, since it is easier to avoid mixing foreign substances without sorting them out during the molding process and mixing foreign substances, the quality naturally improves. In addition, small-sized molded products can be easily selected, quality judged, and analyzed by magnetic force, specific gravity, vibration, optical characteristics, and the like.
A waste plastic film or a piece of paper may be stabbed and sewn over one or more needles, pressed or stapled, bound or packaged, or pushed into a heating and pressing chamber. It is easy to reduce the volume by piercing the thin plate or film-like plastic waste and pressing the folded surface against the heated surface so as not to trap air. Heat the winding side. When pressed against the surface, it becomes a bridge structure, so pressurizing and heating at a relatively high temperature should be performed. For the operation of the winding tool, the adhesive tape sticking operation and the winding operation may be rotated by hand pressing or foot pedal operation, or a power rotation switch may be turned on. . In the hanging structure of the heating surface of the heating chamber, the bottom heat plate reduces or eliminates the load of compressive force applied to the bottom heat insulating layer, thereby increasing the heat insulating effect. The axial direction of the piston or the pressurized surface of the pressurizing chamber or the heating / pressurizing chamber is incorrect. Move the piston etc. along this, or provide a concave or convex guideway on the wall of the chamber and guide it in conformity with the corresponding unevenness of the piston or pressurizing surface, and when the piston etc. is removed, it will eccentrically rotate There is an advantage that the opening of the chamber can be opened widely and a piston storage space can be secured.
The waste container in which a check grid for garbage is attached to the entrance or the middle of the container is cut into a plate or a grid, and can be passed through the check lid and check grid in the form of a push-in tool or a fork. Those that cling together can be removed by combing them together like a pair of facing combs. With such a check structure, dust can be easily pushed into the storage section, the pressurized chamber, the pressurized overheat chamber, and the like. In the intermeshing position, one is stereotactic and the other reciprocates for pushing, or it can be pushed by an instrument or by hand.
[0012] Vacuum insulation for improving thermal efficiency and preventing fire is suitable for long-time heating, but there is a problem in that it is easily damaged by applying force. Therefore, a new structure that avoids buckling deformation, makes the vacuum insulation wall thinner, does not apply force, and prevents the conduction heat loss from the wall material. I understood.
In this way, when the equipment becomes smaller and multiple types of storage spaces can be installed, the color or design of the bag or packaging material can be changed according to the type of object and the processing method, and it becomes possible to write letters and identify notations, and at least one copy. The contents of the dust can be visually or mechanically determined by making the mark transparent. Unwound garbage that is not heat-set can be collected and transported in a relatively high-strength bag, and can handle unstable garbage with residual elasticity that does not apply excessive heat and can be transported.
The practical use of a small-diameter heating chamber container enables the use of a thin metal container, a glass container, a heat-resistant glass container or a heat-resistant glass, ceramic, or carbon tube, a container, a pressurizing chamber, and a heating and pressurizing chamber. One or a portion of the inner wall, outer wall, lid or bottom surface of the compression chamber may be made of heat-resistant glass or ceramic. Heat compression reduction by using a material selected from canned cans, bottles, pottery, cement moldings, new inorganic insulation materials, or waste materials for parts selected from the heating compression chamber wall, compression piston, or exterior of small heating compression volume reduction equipment The storage device can be assembled.
In addition to the reuse of waste products, new empty cans, sealed pistons for empty bottles, heat insulating materials, and weights are packed and sealed. A can body that becomes an exterior has a structure equivalent to a lid, an inner wall, and a cylinder. The donut-shaped lid part can be formed by caulking as in the case of canning as an internal structure to be attached or packed. This lid-equivalent part has the advantage that it can be used in ordinary plant mass production or manual operation. Identification can be done in the same way as cans. It was necessary to reduce the cost and mass-produce for the widespread use of waste recycling equipment, but it was not known to use the existing press-molding mass-production technology using molds for canning, bottling, pottery, and metal containers.
The effects of observation, measurement and sense of accomplishment inside the processing equipment using the glass wall have been described above. The spread effect is also expected. Waste plastic film, cut or crushed containers, etc. are bulky and crushed, paper waste, garbage, fiber waste, waste activated carbon, mud, etc. I found it could be used. If heat-resistant glass such as borosilicate glass is used, it can be used for low-temperature heating or low-temperature combustion regeneration of waste activated carbon at about 120 to 500 ° C. The heating chamber is preferably a glass cylinder or a glass container, and is preferably made of a glass or plastic material that is at least partially transparent and covers the outside with a space in order to reduce heat loss. In the case of heating at a relatively high temperature, PET, heat-resistant plastic, ordinary glass, heat-resistant glass, organic fiber, glass wool, rock wool, foamed glass beads, etc. can be used for heat insulation depending on the temperature. The combination of glass and such small and light equipment consists of one or more equipment connections.
Further, one or both side walls of each room are made into a hot plate, waste is charged from the upper part of each room, and heat is applied to the room to select one of a volume reduction process, a compression process, a heating process and a drying process. It has also become possible to use fixed or in-vehicle devices in which one or a combination of treatments is performed, and then the pressure is released and the treated material is pushed out below the chamber. It becomes particularly easy to use a small-lumped waste plastic whose shape is stabilized by heating and pressurizing and reducing the volume as a molding raw material, or to use a combustible raw material or fuel as a combustion furnace or pyrolysis or gasification or gasification combustion. Metal, glass, ceramics, cement, fiber-reinforced cement, heat-resistant cement, wood, paper, cardboard, etc. can be used for the material of the volume reduction chamber. As the heat source, the bottom and the hot plate can be heated by any heat source. It is not necessary to use a heat insulator, but heat insulation can improve thermal efficiency. At a relatively low temperature, fibers such as cotton and PET cotton, glass cotton, vacuum insulation, and laminated composite insulation can be used. The heating and pressurizing chamber is suitable for bare, inner surface non-adhesive processing such as fluororesin processing, painting, oiling, and release agent. A plastic bag, a paper bag, paper, or a plastic package can be attached to insert waste plastic as it is or a reduced volume of waste plastic or paper waste.
With a simple manual work volume reduction, it is possible to eliminate the state in which the garbage overflows from the garbage container. In order to maintain cleanliness and reduce the size of the volume reduction device, it is appropriate to reduce the volume in the trash container while discarding it, and to increase the capacity of the trash container. It is preferable to simultaneously treat garbage having similar optimum heating / pressing conditions without mixing dust. It is better to remove the preliminarily reduced wood and paper core having high strength and put them into a heating volume reduction machine. It is not necessary to remove in low-temperature high-pressure compression volume reduction using a jack. For this purpose, the dust moves from the bulky portion to the compression portion while compressing the dust. This can be achieved by a combination of a non-return partition, a moving or swing compression plate, and a fork. For primary volume reduction or compression, stacking, rolling up, cellotaping, coffee maker, hot plate, or other heat transfer equipment can be used.
Conventionally, it was customary to roll and discard plastic waste and paper waste.
However, according to the present invention, piled-up, bundled, and bulky garbage are sequentially reduced in a part attached to a garbage container without rounding to empty or reduce the temporary storage portion to restore the storage capacity. For this purpose, it is rolled into a cylindrical shape, stabbed together like an office slip, and bulky or reduced in volume by these means is compressed or heated and compressed by the attached volume reduction function, so that the initial processing unit or storage The capacity or processing capacity of the unit can be restored.
[0017] The plastic film packaging material is also made by stacking bulky combustible garbage like waste wrapping paper, collecting it while stopping it using a slip stab or the like, or winding it down to reduce the volume easily, and then performing further post-processing if necessary. It reduces the volume of heating and compression, and reduces the volume of heating and compression by using a small-sized and small-sized device at the source, and can reduce the volume of heating and compression by a relatively large device after integration.
Conventional waste bins did not have a compression function themselves, were bulky, and had little capacity. When the storage chamber with a non-return lid or fork is full or in the middle, it can be pushed and stored. The storage capacity can be easily increased, for example, twice or more by stacking the storage chambers with the non-return function and providing a feed function between the two chambers, and the storage capacity of the waste plastic can be increased to about 5 to 20 times as a heating and compression mechanism. The feed mechanism can also move a plate or a fork having a notch that swings like a check valve, a lid having two chambers and a check mechanism up and down like a piston, like a piston.
The miniaturization also facilitates the dual use. Efficient use of heat, which was previously difficult to implement due to high cost, location restrictions due to residual heat and waste heat of water heaters, hot water tanks, exhaust ducts, internal combustion engines, and transport equipment that were not used previously, and waste heat from kitchen home appliances Enabled. For the heating operation, a duct may be used or used in combination with a heating surface, or a hot air may be sent to the duct by using a grill or an auxiliary cover and burning it with no air. By utilizing the stress relaxation of plastic and paper for a relatively long time easily and continuously, relatively low-temperature waste heat, which has conventionally been difficult, can be utilized. Glass containers make dual use easier. Tabletoping is useful for cleaning rooms only by sterilizing and reducing the volume of garbage, but drying, dry heat, wet heat sterilization, and handling of waste from hand-held sick rooms, decorative paper, nail clippers, earpick, scissors, metal tableware, ceramics, etc. It can be used for fabric metal, fabric sterilization and drying.
It is possible to use a heating / pressurizing chamber having an insulating surface or a heating surface in which a metal or ceramic cylinder has a triangular or three or more convex cross-sections, and a pressing surface having a cross section corresponding thereto. This is easy to adapt to the deformed shape of waste plastic and paper preliminarily reduced by winding, knotting, etc. In addition, the heat transfer area of the bottom that can be compression molded is corrugated, increasing the heat transfer area as well as the heat insulation layer More can be taken to reduce heat loss, increase the amount of heat transfer from the bottom, and increase the crushing, preheating, and heating utility for molded products. Further, when the molded product has a cross section close to the fitting of the mutual unevenness, the packing density can be increased. In addition, the wrinkles and shapes of the surface and the increase in surface area facilitate ventilation, contact device filling, or composting of garbage molded products. It has the effect of increasing dewatering, aeration and dry surface area.
In the previous invention of the present inventors, garbage is heated via a heat transfer surface, stirred and dried, and electric heat, exhaust heat, etc. are applied to the heat surface, and waste plastics, rubber, paper waste and the like are pressed against the heat surface and compressed. Compression via a spring, waste heat or waste plastic in another heating system, activated carbon heating (Patent No. 2727452, Japanese Patent Application No. 63-37759), compression at a temperature that does not fuse the heated surface and does not cause thermal decomposition (Special Japanese Patent Application No. 3-287403, use of a container (Japanese Patent Application No. 11-238754), use of waste heat (Japanese Patent Application No. 11-315787), Japanese Patent Application No. 11-237364, Japanese Patent Application No. 11-253402, Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-130323. , Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-280713, and the like can be used in combination.
FIG. 1 shows a heating and compression volume reducing apparatus 1 suitable for miniaturization, in which the bulk is reduced or the volume is reduced beforehand every time dust is generated. It can be divided into a compression chamber, a heating or heat insulation exterior, and is suitable for processing small cross-sections with a diameter of about 20 mm or more, small disk molded products, or dry sterilization dust. Each of the upper and lower divided portions can be separably connected by a known combination of a screw, a key, a projection and a groove or a cut, and the molded product can be easily taken out. The bottom heat transfer plate can be connected to the wall. It may be horizontal. Both the compression chamber and the exterior may be long and integral. As the molded product, a take-out frame, a string, a wire, a push rod from the bottom hole 34, or the like inserted in advance can be used. The interior surface can be coated with a release agent such as a fluorine-based resin coating, graphite, a lubricant, or an anti-seizure agent, or sandwiched between materials. The piston 2 can use a weight or use a known method such as hand pushing, a spring, a lever, a screw, and a jack. In the case of using a weight, the weight 19 can be constituted by the weight 19 surrounded by the heat insulating layers of the heat insulating layers 20 and 22. By making the heat insulating layer elastic or fibrous, it is possible to prevent an injury due to shock relaxation at the time of falling. The weight 2 is a cylinder having a lid 18, a can, a can or a paint can, a tea can, or an empty can thereof. The piston outer box 2 is suitably made of a thin stainless steel plate, thereby reducing heat loss and shortening the processing time. . It may be of plated or painted steel, glass, ceramic or the like. They can be equipped with handles, heater terminal boards, decorations, etc. For connection and fixing, the original closing mechanism of the can or the like can be used as it is or by reinforcing it with a fastening screw or the like. When used for a heating piston, the electric heating, the hot air, and the heat transfer heating plate also correspond to the fact that the heating bottom plate also serves as the piston bottom plate. It can be used for garbage, paper waste, waste plastic waste, preheating and heat retention, and can be provided with an insulating cover 10 when not in use.
A heating and pressurizing chamber corresponding to a cylinder is provided in an auxiliary heat insulating portion 4 which may have a heating means such as a heating wire for heating or a heating medium for a heating medium such as hot water, hot water, exhaust gas or hot air, or a heating jacket. And the bottom 7 of the inner cylinder 6 of the main body 21. When the auxiliary cylinder is attached, the paper waste and waste plastic on the upper side work as a heat insulating material, and the heat, which usually causes heat loss upward, preheats the waste material as the heat insulating material, which has an effect of shortening the processing time. . If the heat insulation of the main body is made of a ceramic, glass or metal vacuum or a highly insulated container with a heat insulation jacket, heat loss is small, so that heat sterilization and short-time treatment can be always performed. It is also possible to insert a thin waste plastic, paper waste or garbage into a heat retaining container having an inner wall as a heat transfer surface, take out the waste in a short time, or heat and sterilize it to form a compressed product. Use a string, frame, etc. for removal, or extrude a waste plastic or paper waste compact with a ceramic, glass or metal container with a bottom plate or a perforated hot plate as a heat transfer surface with a push rod from the bottom hole. Can be. The bottom is heated by any heating means such as electric heating of a heating plate 8, a sheath heater or the like, hot air, hot water, exhaust heat of a kitchen internal combustion engine, a furnace or the like, steam, eddy current electric heating or combustion flame.
In measuring the temperature of a thin heat transfer surface, a convex temperature sensor housing is provided on the side of the object to be heated, and the heat transfer surface is partially or entirely made of one or more thin plates, and is processed or regenerated with a temperature measuring element attached. Heat transfer surface for processing. The chamber bottom 7 and the heating plate 8 can also be used, and in this case, the chamber wall 6 is cylindrical or fixedly or detachably connected to the heating plate 8. When the temperature of the inner wall 5 is 70 ° C. or more, radiant heating greatly contributes to convection heat transfer and conduction heat transfer. When the wall 3 is a glass wall, there is an advantage that the radiation is transmitted and the waste plastic inside is efficiently heated. Since the waste plastic is softened by heating, it can be pushed one after another, and when it becomes difficult to push it lightly, the heated waste plastic can be compressed and pressed against the bottom heating surface to reduce the volume. The compression by hand can easily apply 40 kg weight, that is, 1.5 kgw / cm2 or more in a small machine, and 40 to 100 kg weight, that is, 3.3 kgw / cm2 can be achieved by using a lever, a spring, and a stopper for maintaining a load. In the case of waste plastic, it can be compressed and fixed almost instantly within 1 to 10 seconds when it is heated. Taking the yield time into consideration, the compression volume reduction rate can be increased by using a lever spring or by using a weight together. Either the heating means 10, the bottom plate 7, or the hot plate can be heated or heated by automatic or manual control or manual control of the maximum temperature to avoid undesired decomposition, thereby obtaining a substantially odorless compression-reduced molded product. If there is a hot plate inside the bottom of the compression chamber or the compression bottom itself has a temperature sensor, it is advantageous for heating by the temperature difference between the bottom and the heater, preventing thermal decomposition and avoiding unnecessary melting. it can. For the same reason, non-adhesive processing may be applied to the low plate, or a release agent may be applied, or a thin fluorine-based or silicone-based heat-resistant film, thin paper, or processed thin paper may be used to prevent adhesion. The temperature depends on the nature of the bottom 7 or 8 such as non-adhesive processing, release agent and the like. Temperature adjustment is common in the case of cooking, and if you get used to it, the automatic temperature control system can be omitted, and the volume reduction machine is simplified and the cost is reduced.
When the auxiliary cylinder 3 is used, the waste plastic and paper waste can be pushed in as they are, and then the piston 2 can be inserted. The side of the auxiliary cylinder near the upper part with a hole for introducing dust can be pressurized by pressing the piston stopped at the upper part with an appropriate stopper by releasing the stopper, and this may be repeated. When the auxiliary cylinder is not used (it is possible to use the auxiliary cylinder), it is more appropriate to use a manual machine or a machine which has been preliminarily reduced in volume by putting it into a cylinder because the operation of the piston is less and the operation is simpler and it is easier to use on a desktop machine. I have. A plurality of heating chambers can be heated by one heating plate.
FIG. 2 is a plan view in the case of the circular cross section of FIG. It may have a square, polygonal, or irregular cross section. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a simple or pre-compression method using fingers and tools, in which a bag of paper or plastic film is folded and twisted in a slender form and doubled to reduce the volume. They can be tied in three or more layers and can be collected and packed in a bag, or can be reduced in volume for a short time by a small tabletop heating and pressure reducing function with a diameter of 6 cm one by one. FIG. 4 shows a garbage fuel or molded product in which an elongated flat cord or a strip is folded and the terminal is inserted into the center hole and fastened. FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 show a volume reduction in which a piece of paper or a relatively thick plastic film is overlapped with plastic or paper, a cellophane adhesive tape 28 with the edges shifted, and then rolled or rolled to collapse or fold.
FIG. 8 shows a strip folded and tied. These are preferably drilled with a conical or awl, preferably with a heating needle or the like, to prevent air entrapment and improve the volume reduction rate. Heating and compressing by placing it on the bottom so that the smooth surface is in flat contact with the heating surface improves heat transfer and increases efficiency. FIG. 9 is an explanatory cross-sectional view when no auxiliary cylinder is used. Liquid fuel such as kerosene, solid fuel combustion heat, electric heat exhaust, gas combustion heating, and heating means can also be used.
FIG. 10 shows a heat transfer surface 8 with perforations 36 for drilling, fueling or bundling for heat transfer promotion and air bleeding, and for thread, string and fiber. The eccentricity may be provided, or the eccentricity hole 31 may have a hole 37 through which a piston guide shaft, a cable, or a wire passes. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. A known fastening method such as a screw can be used to hold the heating element 12. The perforations 36 can be screwed into the heat transfer surface 8 or the case bottom, and closed by a known method such as welding. Can be variable height. FIG. 12 shows a pressurized heating and volume reducing machine comprising a pressurized and heated cylinder chamber and a piston, which penetrates a piston guide shaft or cable at a center or an eccentric position and has a fulcrum at one or both ends. is there. If the relatively small heating and pressurizing chamber is filled with dust to the mouth, it is difficult for the piston 2 to maintain its posture. A guide shaft, a cable, a rod 43 and a bow portion 44 penetrating the piston 2 are provided. 44 may be telescopic. Further, it may be a double tube. The inward bending prevention stopper 70 is conveniently tubular. It may also serve as a stopper having a claw and a wedge for expansion and contraction. The piston 2 moves along this, and the piston enters the pressurizing chamber as the compression progresses. When the compression molded product is taken out after the compression is completed, the piston 2 is removed together with the molded product by the stopper 46, or the heating needle, the projection or the blade 36 or 43 is provided in contact with the inner wall of the 2 to form the hole 51 in FIG. A cut 52 is made on the side of the molded product as described above, and the piston 2 can be pulled out as shown in FIG. Holes or cuts can also be made by pressing 43 or pressing. The radiant heater is provided inside the 18 face opposite to the pressurizing face of the piston 2, and when the temperature detecting end or the control switch is provided, the radiant heater is located near the heater, thereby simplifying the mounting failure.
FIG. 16 shows a molded fuel in which cotton, paper, ceramic, or glass wick is inserted into the core hole 55 of the waste plastic film molded product 65. The wick can be ignited by being impregnated with kerosene or other petroleum, waste oil, fat, oil, paraffin, alcohol, or the like. In addition, the fuel may be impregnated with portable fuel. Since they are not melted, these liquids or relatively low-melting substances are contained in the communicating gap 68, which can assist in burning plastic and paper. The content can be determined by experiments depending on the combustible material impregnated at about 1% to 80%, the voidage, the added sawdust, fiber waste, paper waste, the form and particle size of the carbon 69, and the like. FIG. 17 shows a waste plastic film wound around the outer surface of a tube, or a plastic film or bag inserted into the inner surface of a tube wound with a plastic film or a bag, and the waste plastic film, paper waste, garbage or dried garbage in the internal space. Is fixed by frictional force and contraction force, and is heated or non-heated.
FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view thereof, and FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 16 in which carbon powder is put between film layers. These solid fillers assist combustion, prevent plastic melting and flow during combustion, and help control combustion. Plastic sheet containers, foam containers, dishes, cushioning materials, and heat insulating materials as well as plastic films, papers or their bags can be heated and compressed.
FIG. 20 is the same as FIG. 10 as an external perspective view, except that the heat transfer and the positioning projection 36 also serve as a protective tube for the detachable temperature detecting end 9. The temperature error is reduced by pressing against the 36 by a spring 71 supported by 72. FIG. 21 is a modification of FIG. 12, in which the pressurizing piston 2 has a relatively thin pressurizing surface 7 and a heat insulating layer 20 or a heater, a frame 71, a fulcrum 70 and a power point 77 (having holes or projections) lever 72, paper, plastic, raw material. This is an example in which a spring 74, which provides sustainability to the pressurization in consideration of stress relaxation of a dust layer and the like and promotion of thermoelectricity, uses a pressurizing mechanism including its fulcrums 73 and 76. It is advantageous to equip a jack that also serves as a lever or as a weight. FIG. 22 is a diagram in which a waste plastic film is wound and packed in a strong plastic bag 65 to reduce the volume. The bag stops the loosened terminal. It can be pushed further into the gap and added or vacuum suction can be used to reduce the volume. 88 is a backflow prevention mechanism or seal.
FIG. 23 shows classification waste 15, volume reduction mechanism 1, home or office storage 82, use sorting function 83 by quality, intermediate storage, inspection and sorting 85, factory storage 89, utilization to analysis and sorting equipment. This is a system model for operating the components 90, the component inspection 93 of the solid product 92, the inspection analysis 94 of the gas phase 91, the garbage power generation 96 using the molded trash, and the blast furnace 97 rationally and economically. The quality can be fed back using the Internet lines 101, 102 and 103. The quality evaluation is always performed on the processing quality at the source or a sampling inspection 85 and an analysis / sorting equipment such as a carbonization furnace 90, and the intermediate storage, sorting and inspection are omitted, and the quality of the product (molding from garbage or dry garbage raw fuel) is evaluated. Monitor and send directly to the factory as much as possible to save sorting, transportation and storage costs. As the carbonization furnace, a fixed crucible furnace, a rotary carbonization furnace, or a gasification furnace can be used. For example, a fluidized carbonization furnace and a fluidized gasification furnace disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2917022 are suitable for a direct analysis operation without pretreatment. This is because the reaction time is as short as one minute to one hour or less, and the quality can be evaluated under constant conditions from the characteristics of the fluidized bed. Glass, pottery, metal pieces, etc. can be easily separated by carbonization at 600 ° C. or lower. In the case of biomass or coexistence of biomass, gasification and separation at 800 ° C. or higher can be performed for analysis and evaluation.
FIG. 24 shows a trash can with a check function. It has a slit 104 that can pass through a plurality of rods, frames, or pressers 103, and can be equipped with a heating surface 8. The heating system can be equipped with temperature control, timer and safety device. The dust 15 on the top 104 can be pushed down with a hand, a stick, or a rake-shaped holding rod, and a space can be made simultaneously with the compression. At 103, the dust 15 is pressed against the heating surface 8 to compress it, and after opening 105, the dust 15 is moved to the lower drawer 111. 111 receiving the compressed dust 16 can be pulled out from the front. The heating surface may be omitted. Bags, strings, and packaging films can be attached to the drawer 111 and the heating surface. It is convenient to attach a known winding mechanism for the string and the plastic film for packaging.
FIG. 25 shows the two non-return pressing surfaces or the rake plane staggered positional relationship.
[0030]
The method, the apparatus and the system of the present invention are mutually described above, can be selectively combined with the prior application of the inventors, known applications, can be modified, and can reduce the volume of waste including manual work. Sterilization, regeneration, conversion to raw fuel, etc. are possible.
[0031]
Example 1 In FIG. 1, a waste packaging film / sheet product was put in a high-density polyethylene bag in a waste disposal apparatus 1 for recycling, about 1.2 liters and 50 grams, and a bulk specific gravity of 0.013 was applied to an inner dimension of 15 ×. It was pressed into a processing container having a thickness of 4 × 20 cm in length, the heating surface temperature was adjusted to around 130 ° C., and heat softening compression molding was performed. The volume reduction rate was 1/10. The volume of the foamed PS dish and the crushed HIPS lactic acid beverage pin could also be reduced. Single quality waste plastic was easy to mold. Glass beakers and bottles could be used in the heating chamber.
EXAMPLE 2 In FIG. 1, a waste foamed PS dish was torn by hand into small pieces in a waste disposal apparatus 1 for recycling, about 0.36 liters, 5.2 grams, bulk specific gravity 0.014, inner diameter 6.6. It was pressed into a 0.8 mm thick stainless steel processing container having a height of 2 cm, a height of 6 cm, and a total height of 2 cm, a height of 12 cm, a heating surface temperature adjusted to 175 ° C., and a 2 kg weight heat softening compression molding. The volume reduction rate was 1/10 for 30 minutes, and an elastic buffer plate was obtained. The volume could be reduced to 1/20 in 40 minutes. At 170 ° C., half the time was sufficient.
The volume of the crushed HIPS lactic acid beverage pin could be similarly reduced. Single quality waste plastics can be recycled or diverted to other uses.
[0032]
Embodiment 3 In the apparatus shown in FIG. 12, a waste plastic sheet, film, or the like is folded or loosened as it is or folded into a strip shape, folded or loosened, wound around a winding finger, wound or tied, self-tied or self-tied. The volume was reduced to one third to one seventh by fastening with cellophane tape, vinyl tape, and rubber bands. In a 6cm diameter stainless steel cup-type heating / compression chamber, fold it up and push it into the bottom to fix it, heat it with a weight or pushing surface with a weight of 160 ° C and 0.26kg for 30 minutes, and at the end add about 20kg by hand Then, it was cooled and heated and compressed. A 0.2 mm polypropylene bag was obtained as a disk-shaped molded product having a size of 8.3 g, a diameter of 6 cm, a height of 1.5 cm and a specific gravity of 0.2. It was found that when the rolled or folded surface corresponds to the bottom heating surface, the bridging effect can be avoided and the heating and compression effects are high. In the case of setting the core direction of the roll, heating at 180 ° C., a relatively high temperature of 50 kg immediately before the end of 30 minutes, and a relatively high pressure were required. In the same manner as above, a result of a molded product specific gravity of 0.3 was obtained.
[0033]
Example 4 Rock wool was inserted into the hole of a molding disc of polypropylene and polyethylene film waste having a specific gravity of 0.2 in Example 3, and 1 ml of kerosene was dropped to ignite. Burned like a candle. Burned with multiple flames in a crown-shaped arrangement. The paraffin was melted and soaked like kerosene. It could burn as well as kerosene. The position of the hole did not have to be at the center. Furthermore, the end of the disc without a hole was ignited with a lighter and could be burned without smoke. The ignited disc-shaped product was put into a metal can or an aluminum foil enclosure provided with a ventilation opening to avoid wind, and burning was continued with no smoke or slight smoke, leaving about 30% of carbonized residue. This is a reflection of less soot generation. This residue was collected and burned in a furnace without smoke.
Smoke-free combustion was achieved by putting molded products in cans with a large number of draft protection nails.
[0034]
The new garbage is compressed and dehydrated using the device shown in Fig. 1, and the heating or drying heat source is the same as waste plastic and paper waste, and is heat-sterilized using any or a combination of electricity (electric heating, eddy current, high frequency, etc.), hot air, exhaust, steam, and heating. Then, it is dried by natural ventilation or exhaust with a fan, and blown by outside air, and packed in a polyethylene bag. The conventional sun drying effect can be used by sterilization and dehydration. This was carried out while heating and sterilizing for 10 to 60 minutes or more depending on garbage, heating surface output, heat transfer area and conditions, and drying as necessary to substantially prevent odor.
[0035]
[Embodiment 6] In the case where a can is covered with a can in the process and the can is used and an empty can or a weight heat insulating material is enclosed to form a compression piston, a considerable portion can be covered with a canning device to increase the strength. . A heater and a temperature detecting end can be sealed and the lead wire can be attached to the upper lid of the piston used in FIG. When an empty can is used, it can be sealed and fixed by caulking a molded lid by a known method.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the economics of recycling waste plastics, garbage, paper waste, and waste activated carbon can be reduced by heating at a relatively low temperature and using a lightweight weight or a 2-ton jack. It became possible to make it into a form. Large equipment and molding are also possible. In addition, the system will be simplified including analysis, collection and transportation and information communication, and the system will become a combustible economical resource recycling system. Economic and locational savings can greatly improve non-combustible resource recycling and disposal. Housekeeping and work burdens are reduced, cleanliness and storage space is reduced. By removing the date and time restrictions on garbage disposal and reducing the amount of landfill and mechanization of garbage, the working environment can be improved and the elderly workforce can be used.
[Brief description of the drawings]
Fig. 1 Cross-section of waste plastic heating compression volume reduction machine
FIG. 2 is a plan view in the case of a circular cross section in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram in which a bag of paper or plastic film is folded into a slender shape or twisted and doubled to reduce the volume.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view in which a thin strip is wound and a terminal is pressed into a core.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram in which a piece of paper and a plastic film bag are overlaid on an adhesive tape and fastened.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory sectional view of the same.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of a reduced volume in which the same product is wound.
FIG. 8 is a sketch tied into a strip of paper and a plastic film bag.
FIG. 9 is an explanatory view in which the auxiliary cylinder of FIG. 1 is omitted and an internally protruding temperature sensor and a temperature indicating controller are attached.
FIG. 10 is a sketch of a heating surface having a hole and a heat transfer promoting projection.
FIG. 11 is a sectional view of the same.
FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a heating and pressurizing volume reducing machine having a piston or a heating surface induction shaft.
FIG. 13 is a plan view of the same.
FIG. 14 is a plan view showing the piston pulled up and opened.
FIG. 15 Schematic drawing of raw fuel for molding
FIG. 16 is a sketch of a molded raw fuel with a wick.
FIG. 17 is an explanatory view in which the garbage is filled with garbage in the core of a volume-reduced material wound with garbage
FIG. 18 is a sectional view of a molded raw fuel with a wick.
FIG. 19 is a sectional view of a volume-reduced material rolled up with garbage.
FIG. 20 is a sectional view of a detachable temperature measuring end and a heating surface.
FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of a heating and pressurizing volume reducing machine having a piston or a heating surface induction shaft and a lever.
FIG. 22 is an explanatory view of packing tightly wrapped waste plastic.
FIG. 23: Collection / evaluation / use model diagram for waste plastic and garbage use
FIG. 24: Trash can with non-return prevention mechanism
FIG. 25 is an explanatory plan view of the position of the rake of the trash can check mechanism.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 body, 2 piston outer box, 3 auxiliary cylinder, 4 auxiliary heat insulation part,
5 inner wall of auxiliary heating section, 6 heating and pressurizing chamber, chamber wall tube, 8 pressurized heat transfer plate, 10 heat insulating plate,
12 electric heating, 14 heating wire for heating, heating tube, heating jacket, 6 inner cylinder, 7 inner cylinder bottom
15, 16 waste plastic or paper waste, 18 lids, 19 weights,
20, 22 heat insulating layer or heater, 28 adhesive tape,
33 Temperature sensor housing convex on the side of the object to be heated, 34 Extraction cord, frame, hook,
36 protection tube, 70, 73 fulcrum, 74 spring, 88 backflow prevention mechanism or seal,
82 home or office storage, 83 quality allocation function,
85 intermediate storage, inspection and sorting, 89 storage, 90 utilization, analysis and sorting equipment,
92 Solid products, 93 Component inspection, 94 Gas phase inspection analysis, 96 Use of molded waste,
101, 102, 103 Feedback Internet Line,
85 Source processing quality Always or sampling inspection, analysis / sorting equipment, 90 Carbonization furnace,
103 bar or frame-shaped holder, 104 slit, 111 drawer,
120 fulcrum, 125 string, plastic film feeding mechanism for packaging
