JP2004323625A - Gas oil compatible with environment and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Gas oil compatible with environment and its manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004323625A
JP2004323625A JP2003118422A JP2003118422A JP2004323625A JP 2004323625 A JP2004323625 A JP 2004323625A JP 2003118422 A JP2003118422 A JP 2003118422A JP 2003118422 A JP2003118422 A JP 2003118422A JP 2004323625 A JP2004323625 A JP 2004323625A
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Japan
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mass
content
normal paraffin
gas oil
oil
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JP2003118422A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP3945772B2 (en
Inventor
Seiji Sogo
清二 十河
Eiji Tanaka
英治 田中
Shin Hasegawa
慎 長谷川
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JOMO TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTER CO Ltd
Eneos Corp
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JOMO TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTER CO Ltd
Japan Energy Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gas oil compatible with the environment which has a satisfactorily low content of sulfur and aromatics, secures satisfactorily low temperature performance and rubber swelling characteristics for practical purposes, and its manufacturing method. <P>SOLUTION: The gas oil compatible with the environment has a density of ≥0.78 g/cm<SP>3</SP>, a sulfur content of 1-10 mass ppm, a clouding point of ≤-10°C, a clogging point of ≤-5°C, a 10% distilling temperature of ≥200°C, a 90% distilling temperature of ≤340°C, an aniline point of ≤85°C, a cetane index of ≤85, a 10-13C normal paraffin content of 3.0-15 mass%, a 14-21C normal paraffin content of ≤6.0 mass%, a ≥24C normal paraffin content of ≤0.1 mass%, and an aromatics content of ≤10 mass%. The method for manufacturing the gas oil compatible with the environment comprises compounding a cracked isomerized gas oil fraction obtained by hydrocracking and isomerizing a normal paraffin raw material with a petroleum based kerosine or gas oil fraction obtained by refining crude oils. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、環境への影響を低減した環境対応軽油およびその製造方法に関し、詳しくは硫黄分、芳香族分を低減することで環境問題に配慮しつつ、かつ、従来石油系軽油を用いるディーゼル自動車に適応した環境対応軽油およびその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、環境問題の高まりからディーゼル自動車技術に種々の工夫が加えられ、燃料として用いられる軽油中の硫黄分、芳香族分の低減が求められている。既存の水素化精製技術により、原油を精製して製造される石油系軽油の硫黄分を1質量ppm以下、かつ芳香族分を10質量%以下にすることは困難である。
【0003】
一方、フィッシャー・トロプシュ(Fischer−Tropsch)法によれば天然ガスの改質で得られる合成ガス(水素と一酸化炭素よりなる)からノルマルパラフィンを主成分とし、硫黄と芳香族をほとんど含まない炭化水素を合成することができる。この合成された炭化水素を原料として合成軽油を製造することが近年注目されている(例えば、特許文献1〜7参照。)。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特表平11−513729号公報
【特許文献2】
特表平11−513730号公報
【特許文献3】
特表2001−511207号公報
【特許文献4】
特表2001−522382号公報
【特許文献5】
特表2002−507635号公報
【特許文献6】
特表2002−526636号公報
【特許文献7】
特表2002−526637号公報
【0005】
しかし、このような合成軽油は、硫黄分や芳香族分は十分に低いが、従来の石油系軽油を用いるディーゼル自動車に用いた場合に、燃料系の配管などに用いる合成ゴムなどの膨潤性が異なるため、燃料油漏れなどが憂慮される。また、実用上十分な低温性能および発熱量を確保できない場合もある。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、このような課題を解決するもので、硫黄分、芳香族分が十分に低く、かつ、実用上十分な低温性能およびゴム膨潤性を確保した環境対応軽油およびその製造方法を提供することを課題とするものである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、ノルマルパラフィンを原料にして水素化分解および異性化を行って得られた生成油の特定の留分と、石油系の灯軽油留分を配合して軽油を製造することにより、このような課題を解決することができることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
【0008】
本発明による環境対応軽油は、密度が0.78g/cm以上、硫黄分が1〜10質量ppm、曇り点が−10℃以下、目詰まり点が−5℃以下、10%留出温度が200℃以上、90%留出温度が340℃以下、アニリン点が85℃以下、セタン指数が85以下、炭素数10〜13のノルマルパラフィン含有量が3.0〜15質量%、炭素数14〜21のノルマルパラフィン含有量が6.0質量%以下、炭素数24以上のノルマルパラフィン含有量が0.1質量%以下、芳香族分が10質量%以下である。
【0009】
本発明による環境対応軽油の製造方法は、無機多孔質担体に水素化活性金属を担持した触媒を用いて水素化分解および異性化を行うことでノルマルパラフィン原料から生成油を得る工程と、この生成油を分留して10%留出温度が200℃以上、90%留出温度が340℃以下の分解異性化軽油留分を得る工程と、原油を精製して石油系灯軽油留分を得る工程と、分解異性化軽油留分20〜80容量%と石油系灯軽油留分80〜20容量%とを配合する工程を含むものであり、特には前記ノルマルパラフィン原料がFischer−Tropsch法により合成されたものであることが好ましい。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
〔ノルマルパラフィン原料〕
本発明の製造方法で用いるノルマルパラフィン原料は、軽質ノルマルパラフィンは水素化分解および異性化の反応性が低いので、必要に応じてあらかじめ蒸留等により原料油の軽質留分をカットしたものが好ましく、具体的には初留点としては300℃以上、特には310℃以上、10%留出温度としては350℃以上、特には360℃以上の原料を使用することが好ましい。また、このノルマルパラフィン原料の重質分は、分解により軽油留分のノルマルパラフィンに転換されるので、同じく蒸留などにより重質過ぎる留分をカットすることが好ましく、終点としては600℃以下、特には590℃以下とすること、90%留出温度としては560℃以下、特には550℃以下とすることが好ましい。これらにより水素化分解および異性化の反応率、軽油収率を高くすることができる。
【0011】
ノルマルパラフィン原料中のノルマルパラフィン含有量は85質量%以上、特には95質量%以上が好ましい。不純物含有量としては、硫黄分500ppm以下、特には50ppm以下、また、窒素分100ppm以下、特には10ppm以下が好ましい。
【0012】
ノルマルパラフィン原料は、上記の性状を有するものが好ましく使用することができる。特にその種類を限定するものではないが、石油精製工程、例えば潤滑油製造工程の1つである溶剤脱ろう工程から得られるスラックワックスや、Fischer−Tropsch法により合成された合成ワックスなどを用いることができる。これらのワックスには様々な種類のものがあるが、単独で用いても良く、2種以上混合して用いても良く、スラックワックスと合成ワックスとを混合して用いも良い。特にはFischer−Tropsch法による合成ワックスを単独で用いることが好ましい。なお、Fischer−Tropsch法とは、一酸化炭素と水素を、触媒を用いて反応させ、主にノルマルパラフィン、また少量ではあるがオレフィンやアルコール等を合成する方法である。
【0013】
〔触媒〕
本発明の環境対応軽油の製造方法で、ノルマルパラフィン原料を水素化分解および異性化する際に用いる触媒は、シリカアルミナなどの無機多孔質酸化物からなる担体に水素化活性金属を担持したものである。例えば、特表2002−523231号公報あるいは特許第2901047号公報に開示されている触媒が、好ましく用いられる。
【0014】
本発明の製造方法において、好ましく用いることができる担体は、シリカアルミナを含む無機多孔質酸化物からなる担体である。非晶質または結晶質のシリカアルミナを、アルミナをバインダーとして担体に成形させたものが好ましい。結晶質のシリカアルミナとしてはモルデナイトが好ましい。シリカアルミナは非晶質または結晶質のものを用いることができるが、非晶質を用いることが好ましい。非晶質シリカアルミナのシリカ/アルミナモル比の範囲は3〜8が好ましい。担体にはアルミニウム、ケイ素の酸化物以外は含まれていない方が好ましいが、マグネシア、ジルコニア、ボリア、カルシア等を含ませることもできる。
【0015】
担持される水素化活性金属に特に制限はないが、周期律表の第6族、第9族、および第10族から選ばれる1種または2種以上の金属成分を含むことが好ましい。第6族、第9族、第10族から選ばれる金属としては、モリブデン、タングステン、コバルト、ロジウム、イリジウム、ニッケル、白金、パラジウムが挙げられ、特にモリブデン、タングステン、コバルト、ニッケルなどの非貴金属が水素化活性成分として好ましく用いられる。水素化活性金属の担持量は、金属元素の合計量が0.05〜35質量%、特には0.1〜30質量%となるように添加、担持することが好ましい。
【0016】
〔水素化分解および異性化〕
本発明の製造方法で用いる水素化分解および異性化は、反応温度が300〜400℃、特には320〜350℃、水素圧力が1〜20MPa、特には3〜9MPa、水素/オイル比が100〜2000NL/L、特には300〜1500NL/L、液空間速度(LHSV)が0.5〜5hr−1の反応条件で行うことが好ましい。
【0017】
ノルマルパラフィン原料中の沸点が360℃以上の成分うち、沸点が360℃未満の成分となった割合を分解率として定義すると、軽油留分の異性化率と収率を上げるためには、分解率は50〜85質量%が好ましい。85質量%を超える分解率では、軽油留分が二次分解を起こしてしまう。
【0018】
〔分解異性化軽油留分〕
本発明の製造方法で用いる分解異性化軽油留分は、水素化分解および異性化工程による生成油から、10%留出温度が200℃以上好ましくは240℃以上、90%留出温度が340℃以下好ましくは330℃以下の軽油留分を分留したものである。なお、この軽油留分よりも重質な留分は、ノルマルパラフィン原料として再度使用することもできる。
【0019】
〔石油系灯軽油留分〕
本発明の製造方法で用いる石油系灯軽油留分は、原油を精製して得られる灯軽油留分である。石油系灯軽油留分としては、具体的には、脱硫灯油、脱硫軽油、それらの混合物等が挙げられ、通常、原油を常圧蒸留して得られた当該留分を水素化精製して製造される。さらに、石油精製における各種の分解装置や重質油の深度脱硫装置から副製される当該留分を使用することもできるが、この場合、さらに水素化処理装置を通して、不飽和分やその他の不純物を除去することが好ましい。この石油系灯軽油留分は、分解異性化軽油留分と混合して前記のように特定した性状を有する本発明の環境対応軽油が得られるものであればよく、その性状は特に限定されるものではないが、特には、10%留出温度が150℃以上、さらには160〜190℃、90%留出温度が270℃以下、さらには220〜260℃の石油系灯油留分が好ましい。該石油系灯軽油留分は、硫黄分50質量ppm以下、さらには20質量ppm以下、芳香族分10〜20容量%、さらには15〜18容量%、セタン指数45〜49、アニリン点55〜65℃を有するものが好ましい。
【0020】
〔配合〕
本発明の製造方法では、上述の分解異性化軽油留分20〜80容量%、好ましくは35〜65容量%と上述の石油系灯軽油留分80〜20容量%、好ましくは35〜65容量%とを配合する。また、植物油メチルエステルなども他の軽油基材として配合することができる。本発明の分解異性化軽油留分と石油系灯軽油留分以外の基材を配合して調製する場合、所望の品質の軽油となるように適宜の割合で配合することができるが、他の軽油基材の配合割合は、20質量%以下、特には5〜15質量%にすることが好ましい。
【0021】
軽油への添加剤としては、低温流動性向上剤、耐摩耗性向上剤、セタン価向上剤、酸化防止剤、金属不活性化剤、腐食防止剤等の公知の燃料添加剤を添加してもよい。低温流動性向上剤としては、エチレン共重合体などを用いることができるが、特には、酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル、酪酸ビニルなどの飽和脂肪酸のビニルエステルが好ましく用いられる。耐摩耗性向上剤としては、長鎖(例えば、炭素数12〜24)の脂肪酸またのその脂肪酸エステルが好ましく用いられる。10〜500ppm、好ましくは50〜100ppmの添加量で十分に耐摩耗性が向上する。
【0022】
〔環境対応軽油〕
本発明による環境対応軽油は、密度(15℃)が0.78g/cm以上、好ましくは0.785〜0.815g/cm、硫黄分が1〜10質量ppm、芳香族分が10質量%以下、少なすぎてもゴム膨潤性が悪くなることがあるので、好ましくは5〜10質量%である。
【0023】
本発明による環境対応軽油の低温特性は、曇り点が−10℃以下、好ましくは−15〜−35℃、目詰まり点が−5℃以下、好ましくは−15〜−30℃である。アニリン点が85℃以下、好ましくは65〜82℃であり、セタン指数が85以下、好ましくは60〜70である。
【0024】
本発明による環境対応軽油の蒸留性状は、10%留出温度が200℃以上、好ましくは250〜290℃、90%留出温度が340℃以下、好ましくは300〜335℃である。
【0025】
本発明による環境対応軽油のノルマルパラフィン含有量は、炭素数10〜13のノルマルパラフィン含有量が3.0〜15質量%、好ましくは8.0〜12質量%、炭素数14〜21のノルマルパラフィン含有量が6.0質量%以下、好ましくは5.0質量%以下、また、炭素数24以上のノルマルパラフィン含有量が0.1質量%以下であり、好ましくは炭素数24以上のノルマルパラフィンは含まれていない。
【0026】
【実施例】
以下、実施例に基づき本発明を詳細に説明するが、この実施例により、本発明が限定して解釈されるものではない。
【0027】
〔触媒Aの調製〕
シリカアルミナ粉体および擬ベーマイト粉体を混合、混練して、シリンダー状に成形した後、乾燥し、600℃で焼成することで担体を調製した。この担体は、乾燥担体基準で、シリカアルミナ80質量%およびアルミナ20質量%からなり、直径約1.6mmのシリンダー形状であった。シリカアルミナ粉体としては、シリカ/アルミナモル比4.4、凝集粒径1〜10μmのもの94.4質量%、強熱減量16.9質量%の粉体を用いた。
【0028】
この担体に、メタタングステン酸アンモニウムを含有する水溶液、および硝酸ニッケルを含有する水溶液を含浸し、乾燥後、500℃で焼成して、触媒中にタングステンを11.0質量%およびニッケルを1.0質量%含む触媒Aを調製した。
【0029】
〔水素化分解・異性化〕
触媒充填量100mLの固定床流通式反応装置に触媒Aを充填し、予備硫化した後、後述のノルマルパラフィン原料を用い、圧力4MPa、水素/原料油供給比660NL/L、LHSV=1.0hr−1、反応温度330℃、分解率81質量%の反応条件で水素化分解・異性化反応を行い、得られた生成油を分留して、軽油基材としての分解異性化軽油留分と灯油基材としての分解異性化灯油留分を得た。
【0030】
ノルマルパラフィン原料としては、SMDS(Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis)製SX−50を用いた。これは、15℃換算での密度0.81g/mL、初留点316℃、10%留出温度379℃、90%留出温度457℃、終点489℃であり、Fischer−Tropsch法により合成されたものである。
【0031】
石油系灯油基材は、中東系原油を常圧蒸留して得られた灯油留分をさらに水素化精製したものを用いた。これらの基材を表1の上部に示す配合量(容量%)で配合して、軽油A(実施例)、軽油B(比較例1)、および軽油C(比較例2)を調製した。これらの基材および軽油の性状および軽油のゴム膨潤性の測定結果を表1に示す。
なお、性状測定について、密度はJIS K 2249、硫黄分はJIS K2541、析出点はJIS K 2276、曇り点と流動点はJIS K 2269、目詰まり点はJIS K 2288、アニリン点はJIS K 2256、セタン指数はJIS K 2280、蒸留性状はJIS K 2254、そして発熱量は、真発熱量をJIS K 2279によりそれぞれ測定した。芳香族分およびノルマルパラフィン含有量は、ガスクロマトグラフィにより分析した。ゴム膨潤性について、体積変化率と硬度変化率はJIS K 6258により測定した。
【0032】
【表1】

Figure 2004323625
【0033】
上記表1から、実施例の軽油Aは、硫黄分が10ppmおよび芳香族分が8.6質量%と市販軽油より極めて低く、低温特性に特に優れており、さらに、軽油B、Cと比べて、ゴム膨潤性において体積変化率が大きく、硬度変化率が少ない。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
本発明による環境対応軽油は、特定の性状、および特定の成分組成(硫黄分、芳香族分、ノルマルパラフィン含有量分布)を有するものであり、特に硫黄分、芳香族分が極めて低く、かつ十分な低温性能を有し、しかも優れたゴム膨潤性を示すものであるから、本発明により、従来の軽油との代替性に優れ、かつ環境保全に優れた環境対応軽油を提供することが可能となる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an environmentally friendly light oil with reduced impact on the environment and a method for producing the same, and more particularly, to a diesel vehicle using a conventional petroleum light oil while considering environmental issues by reducing sulfur and aromatic components. The present invention relates to an environmentally responsive light oil adapted to the invention and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, various ideas have been added to the technology of diesel vehicles due to increasing environmental problems, and there has been a demand for reduction of sulfur content and aromatic content in light oil used as fuel. It is difficult to reduce the sulfur content of petroleum light oil produced by refining crude oil to 1 mass ppm or less and the aromatic content to 10 mass% or less by existing hydrorefining technology.
[0003]
On the other hand, according to the Fischer-Tropsch method, a synthesis gas (composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide) obtained by reforming natural gas contains carbon as a main component containing normal paraffins and containing almost no sulfur and aromatics. Hydrogen can be synthesized. The production of synthetic light oil using the synthesized hydrocarbon as a raw material has recently attracted attention (for example, see Patent Documents 1 to 7).
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 11-513729 (Patent Document 2)
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 11-513730 [Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 2001-511207 [Patent Document 4]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 2001-522382 [Patent Document 5]
JP 2002-507635 A [Patent Document 6]
Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2002-526636 [Patent Document 7]
JP-T-2002-526637 [0005]
However, such a synthetic gas oil has a sufficiently low sulfur content and aromatic content, but when used in a diesel vehicle using conventional petroleum gas oil, has a swelling property such as synthetic rubber used for fuel piping and the like. Because they are different, fuel oil leaks are a concern. In some cases, practically sufficient low-temperature performance and heat generation cannot be ensured.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention solves such a problem, and provides an environmentally friendly light oil that has a sufficiently low sulfur content and aromatic content, and has a practically sufficient low-temperature performance and rubber swelling property, and a method for producing the same. It is a subject.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have produced a gas oil by blending a specific fraction of product oil obtained by hydrocracking and isomerization using normal paraffin as a raw material and a petroleum-based kerosene oil fraction. The inventors have found that such a problem can be solved, and have completed the present invention.
[0008]
The environmentally friendly light oil according to the present invention has a density of 0.78 g / cm 3 or more, a sulfur content of 1 to 10 ppm by mass, a cloud point of -10 ° C or less, a clogging point of -5 ° C or less, and a 10% distillation temperature of 10% or less. 200 ° C or higher, 90% distillation temperature is 340 ° C or lower, aniline point is 85 ° C or lower, cetane index is 85 or lower, normal paraffin having 10 to 13 carbon atoms is 3.0 to 15% by mass, and carbon number is 14 to 14. 21 has a normal paraffin content of 6.0% by mass or less, a C24 or more normal paraffin content of 0.1% by mass or less, and an aromatic content of 10% by mass or less.
[0009]
The method for producing an environmentally friendly light oil according to the present invention comprises a step of obtaining a product oil from a normal paraffin raw material by performing hydrocracking and isomerization using a catalyst in which a hydrogenation active metal is supported on an inorganic porous carrier; and A step of obtaining a cracked isomerized gas oil fraction having a 10% distillation temperature of 200 ° C. or higher and a 90% distillation temperature of 340 ° C. or lower by fractionating oil; and purifying crude oil to obtain a petroleum-based kerosene oil fraction. And a step of blending 20 to 80% by volume of the cracked isomerized gas oil fraction and 80 to 20% by volume of the petroleum kerosene gas oil fraction. In particular, the normal paraffin raw material is synthesized by the Fischer-Tropsch method. It is preferred that it is done.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[Normal paraffin raw material]
The normal paraffin raw material used in the production method of the present invention is preferably one in which the light fraction of the raw oil is cut in advance by distillation or the like as necessary, since light normal paraffin has low reactivity of hydrocracking and isomerization, Specifically, it is preferable to use a raw material having an initial boiling point of 300 ° C. or higher, particularly 310 ° C. or higher, and a 10% distillation temperature of 350 ° C. or higher, particularly 360 ° C. or higher. In addition, since the heavy fraction of this normal paraffin raw material is converted into normal paraffin of a gas oil fraction by cracking, it is preferable to cut a too heavy fraction similarly by distillation or the like. Is preferably 590 ° C. or less, and the 90% distillation temperature is preferably 560 ° C. or less, particularly preferably 550 ° C. or less. These can increase the reaction rate of hydrocracking and isomerization and the gas oil yield.
[0011]
The normal paraffin content in the normal paraffin raw material is preferably 85% by mass or more, particularly preferably 95% by mass or more. The impurity content is preferably 500 ppm or less, more preferably 50 ppm or less, and preferably 100 ppm or less, particularly 10 ppm or less of nitrogen.
[0012]
As the normal paraffin raw material, those having the above properties can be preferably used. Although there is no particular limitation on the type, use of a slack wax obtained from a petroleum refining process, for example, a solvent dewaxing process, which is one of lubricating oil manufacturing processes, or a synthetic wax synthesized by the Fischer-Tropsch method, etc. Can be. Although there are various kinds of these waxes, they may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more kinds, or a mixture of slack wax and synthetic wax may be used. In particular, it is preferable to use a synthetic wax by the Fischer-Tropsch method alone. The Fischer-Tropsch method is a method in which carbon monoxide and hydrogen are reacted using a catalyst to synthesize mainly normal paraffin and, to a lesser extent, olefins and alcohols.
[0013]
〔catalyst〕
The catalyst used for hydrocracking and isomerizing a normal paraffin feedstock in the method for producing an environmentally-friendly light oil of the present invention is a catalyst in which a hydrogenation active metal is supported on a carrier made of an inorganic porous oxide such as silica alumina. is there. For example, a catalyst disclosed in JP-T-2002-523231 or JP-A-290147 is preferably used.
[0014]
In the production method of the present invention, a carrier that can be preferably used is a carrier composed of an inorganic porous oxide containing silica alumina. It is preferable that amorphous or crystalline silica alumina is formed into a carrier using alumina as a binder. Mordenite is preferred as the crystalline silica alumina. Amorphous or crystalline silica alumina can be used, but amorphous is preferable. The range of the silica / alumina molar ratio of the amorphous silica alumina is preferably 3 to 8. It is preferable that the carrier does not contain any other than oxides of aluminum and silicon, but magnesia, zirconia, boria, calcia, and the like can also be contained.
[0015]
The supported hydrogenation active metal is not particularly limited, but preferably contains one or more metal components selected from Group 6, Group 9, and Group 10 of the periodic table. Examples of the metal selected from Group 6, Group 9, and Group 10 include molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, platinum, and palladium. It is preferably used as a hydrogenation active component. It is preferable to add and carry the hydrogenation-active metal such that the total amount of the metal elements is 0.05 to 35% by mass, particularly 0.1 to 30% by mass.
[0016]
(Hydrolysis and isomerization)
In the hydrocracking and isomerization used in the production method of the present invention, the reaction temperature is 300 to 400 ° C., particularly 320 to 350 ° C., the hydrogen pressure is 1 to 20 MPa, particularly 3 to 9 MPa, and the hydrogen / oil ratio is 100 to 100. The reaction is preferably performed under the reaction conditions of 2000 NL / L, particularly 300 to 1500 NL / L, and a liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) of 0.5 to 5 hr -1 .
[0017]
When the proportion of components having a boiling point of less than 360 ° C. in the components having a boiling point of 360 ° C. or higher in the normal paraffin feedstock is defined as the cracking rate, in order to increase the isomerization rate and the yield of the gas oil fraction, the cracking rate Is preferably 50 to 85% by mass. If the cracking rate exceeds 85% by mass, the gas oil fraction undergoes secondary cracking.
[0018]
(Cracked isomerized gas oil fraction)
The cracked isomerized gas oil fraction used in the production method of the present invention has a 10% distillation temperature of 200 ° C or higher, preferably 240 ° C or higher, and a 90% distilling temperature of 340 ° C from the oil produced by the hydrocracking and isomerization steps. Hereafter, preferably, a light oil fraction of 330 ° C. or less is fractionated. The fraction heavier than the light oil fraction can be reused as a normal paraffin raw material.
[0019]
(Petroleum-based kerosene fraction)
The petroleum kerosene oil fraction used in the production method of the present invention is a kerosene oil fraction obtained by refining crude oil. Specific examples of the petroleum kerosene oil fraction include desulfurized kerosene, desulfurized gas oil, mixtures thereof, and the like. Usually, the fraction obtained by distilling crude oil at normal pressure is hydrorefined and produced. Is done. Furthermore, it is also possible to use the distillate by-produced from various cracking units and heavy oil deep desulfurization units in petroleum refining. In this case, however, the unsaturated components and other impurities are further passed through a hydrotreating unit. Is preferably removed. The petroleum kerosene oil fraction may be any as long as the environment-friendly gas oil of the present invention having the properties specified above can be obtained by mixing with the cracked isomerized gas oil fraction, and its properties are particularly limited. Although not particularly preferred, a petroleum kerosene fraction having a 10% distillation temperature of 150 ° C. or higher, more preferably 160 to 190 ° C., a 90% distillation temperature of 270 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 220 to 260 ° C. is preferable. The petroleum kerosene fraction has a sulfur content of 50 mass ppm or less, further 20 mass ppm or less, an aromatic content of 10 to 20 volume%, further 15 to 18 volume%, a cetane index of 45 to 49, and an aniline point of 55 to 55. Those having a temperature of 65 ° C. are preferred.
[0020]
[Formulation]
In the production method of the present invention, the above-mentioned cracked isomerized gas oil fraction is 20 to 80% by volume, preferably 35 to 65% by volume, and the above-mentioned petroleum-based kerosene oil fraction is 80 to 20% by volume, preferably 35 to 65% by volume. And is blended. Vegetable oil methyl ester and the like can also be blended as another light oil base material. When blending and preparing a base material other than the cracked isomerized gas oil fraction and the petroleum-based kerosene oil fraction of the present invention, it can be blended at an appropriate ratio so as to obtain gas oil of desired quality. The mixing ratio of the light oil base is preferably 20% by mass or less, particularly preferably 5 to 15% by mass.
[0021]
As an additive to light oil, a known fuel additive such as a low-temperature fluidity improver, an abrasion resistance improver, a cetane number improver, an antioxidant, a metal deactivator, and a corrosion inhibitor may be added. Good. As the low-temperature fluidity improver, an ethylene copolymer or the like can be used. In particular, a vinyl ester of a saturated fatty acid such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate or vinyl butyrate is preferably used. As the wear resistance improving agent, a long-chain (for example, C12 to C24) fatty acid or a fatty acid ester thereof is preferably used. Abrasion resistance is sufficiently improved with an addition amount of 10 to 500 ppm, preferably 50 to 100 ppm.
[0022]
[Environment-friendly light oil]
The environment-friendly light oil according to the present invention has a density (15 ° C.) of 0.78 g / cm 3 or more, preferably 0.785 to 0.815 g / cm 3 , a sulfur content of 1 to 10 ppm by mass, and an aromatic component of 10 masses. % Or less, the rubber swelling property may be deteriorated if the amount is too small. Therefore, the content is preferably 5 to 10% by mass.
[0023]
The low-temperature characteristics of the environment-friendly light oil according to the present invention are such that the cloud point is −10 ° C. or lower, preferably −15 to −35 ° C., and the clogging point is −5 ° C. or lower, preferably −15 to −30 ° C. The aniline point is 85 ° C or lower, preferably 65 to 82 ° C, and the cetane index is 85 or lower, preferably 60 to 70.
[0024]
The distillation properties of the environmentally friendly light oil according to the present invention are such that the 10% distillation temperature is 200 ° C or higher, preferably 250 to 290 ° C, and the 90% distillation temperature is 340 ° C or lower, preferably 300 to 335 ° C.
[0025]
The normal paraffin content of the environmentally friendly light oil according to the present invention is such that the normal paraffin content of 10 to 13 carbon atoms is 3.0 to 15 mass%, preferably 8.0 to 12 mass%, and the normal paraffin of 14 to 21 carbon atoms. The content is 6.0% by mass or less, preferably 5.0% by mass or less, and the content of normal paraffins having 24 or more carbon atoms is 0.1% by mass or less. Normal paraffins having 24 or more carbon atoms are preferably Not included.
[0026]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not construed as being limited by these examples.
[0027]
[Preparation of Catalyst A]
The silica-alumina powder and the pseudo-boehmite powder were mixed and kneaded, formed into a cylinder, dried, and fired at 600 ° C. to prepare a carrier. This carrier was composed of 80% by mass of silica alumina and 20% by mass of alumina on a dry carrier basis, and had a cylindrical shape with a diameter of about 1.6 mm. As the silica-alumina powder, a powder having a silica / alumina molar ratio of 4.4, an aggregate particle diameter of 1 to 10 μm, 94.4% by mass, and a loss on ignition of 16.9% by mass was used.
[0028]
The carrier is impregnated with an aqueous solution containing ammonium metatungstate and an aqueous solution containing nickel nitrate, dried, and calcined at 500 ° C. to make the catalyst contain 11.0% by mass of tungsten and 1.0% by mass of nickel. A catalyst A containing the catalyst was prepared.
[0029]
(Hydrolysis / isomerization)
After the catalyst A was charged into a fixed-bed flow-type reactor having a catalyst loading of 100 mL and preliminarily sulfurized, the pressure was 4 MPa, a hydrogen / feed oil supply ratio was 660 NL / L, LHSV = 1.0 hr − 1. A hydrocracking / isomerization reaction is performed under the reaction conditions of a reaction temperature of 330 ° C. and a decomposition rate of 81% by mass, and the resulting oil is fractionated, and a cracked isomerized gas oil fraction as a gas oil base material and kerosene A cracked isomerized kerosene fraction as a base material was obtained.
[0030]
As a normal paraffin raw material, SX-50 manufactured by Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis (SMDS) was used. This has a density of 0.81 g / mL in terms of 15 ° C., an initial distillation point of 316 ° C., a 10% distillation temperature of 379 ° C., a 90% distillation temperature of 457 ° C., and an end point of 489 ° C., and is synthesized by the Fischer-Tropsch method. It is a thing.
[0031]
As the petroleum-based kerosene base, a kerosene fraction obtained by distilling a Middle Eastern crude at normal pressure was further hydrorefined. These base materials were blended in the blending amounts (% by volume) shown in the upper part of Table 1 to prepare light oil A (Example), light oil B (Comparative Example 1), and light oil C (Comparative Example 2). Table 1 shows the properties of these base materials and light oil, and the measurement results of the rubber swellability of light oil.
Regarding the property measurement, the density was JIS K 2249, the sulfur content was JIS K 2541, the precipitation point was JIS K 2276, the cloud point and pour point were JIS K 2269, the clogging point was JIS K 2288, and the aniline point was JIS K 2256. The cetane index was measured according to JIS K 2280, the distillation property was measured according to JIS K 2254, and the calorific value was measured based on the true calorific value according to JIS K 2279. The aromatic content and normal paraffin content were analyzed by gas chromatography. Regarding rubber swellability, the rate of change in volume and the rate of change in hardness were measured according to JIS K6258.
[0032]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004323625
[0033]
From the above Table 1, the gas oil A of the example has a sulfur content of 10 ppm and an aromatic content of 8.6% by mass, which is extremely lower than that of a commercial gas oil, and is particularly excellent in low-temperature characteristics. In addition, the volume change rate is large and the hardness change rate is small in rubber swellability.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
The environmentally-friendly light oil according to the present invention has a specific property and a specific component composition (sulfur content, aromatic content, normal paraffin content distribution), and particularly has a very low sulfur content and aromatic content and is sufficiently low. It has excellent low-temperature performance and shows excellent rubber swelling properties.Accordingly, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an environment-friendly light oil that is excellent in substitutability with conventional light oil and that is excellent in environmental protection. Become.

Claims (3)

密度が0.78g/cm以上、硫黄分が1〜10質量ppm、曇り点が−10℃以下、目詰まり点が−5℃以下、10%留出温度が200℃以上、90%留出温度が340℃以下、アニリン点が85℃以下、セタン指数が85以下、炭素数10〜13のノルマルパラフィン含有量が3.0〜15質量%、炭素数14〜21のノルマルパラフィン含有量が6.0質量%以下、炭素数24以上のノルマルパラフィン含有量が0.1質量%以下、芳香族分が10質量%以下である環境対応軽油。Density 0.78 g / cm 3 or more, a sulfur content of 10 mass ppm, cloud point -10 ° C. or less, clogging point -5 ° C. or less, 10% distillation temperature of 200 ° C. or higher, 90% distillation The temperature is 340 ° C. or less, the aniline point is 85 ° C. or less, the cetane index is 85 or less, the normal paraffin content of 10 to 13 carbon atoms is 3.0 to 15% by mass, and the normal paraffin content of 14 to 21 carbon atoms is 6 An environmentally friendly light oil having a content of normal mass of not more than 0.0% by mass, a normal paraffin having 24 or more carbon atoms of not more than 0.1% by mass and an aromatic content of not more than 10% by mass. 無機多孔質担体に水素化活性金属を担持した触媒を用いて水素化分解および異性化を行うことでノルマルパラフィン原料から生成油を得る工程と、この生成油を分留して10%留出温度が200℃以上、90%留出温度が340℃以下の分解異性化軽油留分を得る工程と、原油を精製して石油系灯軽油留分を得る工程と、前記分解異性化軽油留分20〜80容量%と前記石油系灯軽油留分80〜20容量%とを配合する工程を含む請求項1記載の環境対応軽油の製造方法。A step of obtaining a product oil from a normal paraffin raw material by performing hydrocracking and isomerization using a catalyst in which a hydrogenation active metal is supported on an inorganic porous carrier, and distilling the product oil to a 10% distillation temperature Obtaining a cracked isomerized gas oil fraction having a distilling temperature of 200 ° C. or higher and a 90% distillation temperature of 340 ° C. or lower; The method for producing an environmentally friendly light oil according to claim 1, comprising a step of blending the oil-based kerosene gas oil fraction with 80 to 20% by volume. 前記ノルマルパラフィン原料がフィッシャー・トロプシュ法により合成された請求項2記載の製造方法。3. The production method according to claim 2, wherein the normal paraffin raw material is synthesized by a Fischer-Tropsch method.
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