JP2004313957A - Disposal method and disposal apparatus for organic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a disposal apparatus of organic waste with simple constitution, performing respective disposal processes in optimum conditions. <P>SOLUTION: In the disposal apparatus 1, a microorganism group is mixed into the organic waste, agitated in a disposal vessel 4 to be fermented. The apparatus is provided with agitator blades 24 in the disposal vessel 4, a heating device 5 heating the organic waste charged in the vessel 4, and a decompression device 7 decompressing the vessel 4 by sucking gas inside the vessel 4. A mixture of aerobic microorganisms with anaerobic microorganisms is used as the microorganism group. The anaerobic microorganisms are activated by decompressing the vessel 4 by the decompression device 7 when drying the organic waste by heating, and the aerobic microorganisms are activated by bringing the vessel 4 to have atmospheric pressure, when fermenting the organic waste by heating after drying. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for treating organic waste.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a large number of processing apparatuses for reducing the volume and volume of garbage, which is an organic waste, and for converting the waste into fertilizer have been commercialized.
[0003]
This kind of garbage processing apparatus is characterized in that, in a cylindrical container provided with stirring blades, the crushed garbage is charged and aerobic microorganisms are added, and the garbage is heated to a predetermined temperature. The garbage was fermented by stirring with wings, for example, to produce fertilizer.
[0004]
Among them, there are those in which raw materials such as garbage are continuously fermented in a fermentation vessel.In this apparatus, in order to improve drying efficiency, fermentation is performed in a state where the pressure in the fermentation vessel is reduced. (See Patent Document 1).
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-2002-101865
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, according to the above-mentioned conventional processing apparatus, the fermentation is performed by stirring while heating in the presence of aerobic microorganisms and under reduced pressure, so that the action (activity) of the microorganisms is reduced. In order to prevent this, the temperature, humidity, decompression state, etc. in the fermentation vessel are constantly measured, and the decompression value, oxygen amount, etc. are controlled so that an appropriate fermentation state is obtained. There is a problem that it becomes very troublesome and the apparatus itself becomes expensive.In addition, since all the steps are performed under the same reduced pressure, there is also a problem that the drying step and the fermentation step are not performed under optimal conditions. is there.
[0007]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for treating organic waste, which have a simple structure and can perform each treatment step under optimal conditions.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the method for treating organic waste according to claim 1 of the present invention comprises mixing microorganisms into organic waste, stirring the mixture in a treatment vessel, and performing fermentation.
A mixture of aerobic microorganisms and anaerobic microorganisms is used as the microorganism group, and the organic waste is heated under reduced pressure to activate the anaerobic microorganisms, dried, and then heated under atmospheric pressure. This is a method in which fermentation is performed by activating aerobic microorganisms.
[0009]
Further, the organic waste treatment apparatus according to claim 2 is a treatment apparatus for mixing microorganisms into the organic waste and agitating the fermentation in a treatment container,
A stirrer is provided in the processing container and a heating device for heating the organic waste put in the processing container is provided,
A decompression device is provided to reduce the pressure in the processing container by sucking the gas in the processing container, and further, a mixture of aerobic microorganisms and anaerobic microorganisms is used as the microorganism group, and the organic waste is heated. When drying and activating the anaerobic microorganisms by depressurizing the inside of the processing vessel by the above-described decompression device, when heating and fermenting after drying, the inside of the processing vessel is brought to atmospheric pressure. An aerobic microorganism is activated.
[0010]
According to the processing method and the configuration of the processing apparatus, when organic waste such as garbage is converted into fertilizer, for example, the organic waste is first stirred under reduced pressure at a heating temperature that does not adversely affect microorganisms. After drying and anaerobic fermentation, the fermentation is carried out by aerobic microorganisms under atmospheric pressure, that is, the organic waste is decompressed (dry) and atmospheric pressure is normal pressure (fermentation) separately. Since the fermentation is performed using a group of activated microorganisms, it is not necessary to finely control the pressure in the processing vessel, the amount of oxygen, and the like as compared with, for example, a method in which drying and fermentation are performed only under reduced pressure. Can be made simple and inexpensive.
[0011]
In particular, even during drying under reduced pressure, the fermentation is performed by activating the anaerobic microorganisms, so that a process such as efficient fertilization can be performed as a whole.
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a method and an apparatus for treating organic waste according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0013]
First, the processing apparatus will be described. This processing apparatus mixes microorganisms with organic waste, for example, garbage such as crushed cooking residues and garbage (hereinafter, also referred to as an object to be processed) and fermentation in a processing vessel. This is for the purpose of, for example, turning into fertilizer (even when obtaining a soil improvement material).
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 1, the processing apparatus 1 is roughly divided into a horizontal cylindrical processing vessel 4 supported on a gantry 2 via a support bracket 3 for fermenting an object to be processed. A heating device 5 for heating the processing object in the processing container 4, a stirring device 6 for stirring the processing object charged in the processing container 4, and a gas in the processing container 4 A pressure reducing device (also referred to as a suction device or a vacuum device) 7 for reducing the pressure, and air is supplied and discharged when the processing container 4 is placed in the atmospheric pressure state (at atmospheric pressure). And an aeration device 8 for guiding the gas in the processing container 4 for deodorization and discharge to the atmosphere when the air is discharged.
[0015]
The heating device 5 includes a heating jacket 11 provided so as to cover at least a lower half of the processing container 4, and a cross section formed between the heating jacket 11 and the surface of the processing container 4 having a semicircular shape. A steam generator (which is a boiler) 14 for supplying heating steam into the heating chamber 12 via a steam pipe 13.
[0016]
The agitating device 6 includes a rotating shaft 22 that is horizontally inserted through the center of the processing container 4 in the front-rear direction, and whose front and rear ends are rotatably supported by the processing container 4 via bearings 21. A plurality of arms 23 radially protruding from the rotating shaft 22 in the processing vessel 4 at predetermined intervals and radially; a stirring blade 24 provided at a tip end and an intermediate portion of each arm 23; And a rotation driving device (electric motor is used) 25 that is fixed above and rotates the rotation shaft body 22. The arm 23 and the stirring blade 24 constitute a stirring member.
[0017]
In addition, the decompression device 7 has a water tank 31 filled with water mixed with deodorizing bio-germs, and a water pump 32 and an ejector 33 provided on the way to draw water in the water tank 31 from a bottom portion and at the top. It comprises a water circulation pipe 34 for returning, and a gas suction pipe 36 provided between the upper part in the processing vessel 4 and the ejector 33 and provided with an electric on-off valve 35 in the middle.
[0018]
An air introduction pipe 38 provided with an electric open / close valve 37 is connected in the middle of the gas suction pipe 36. When the inside of the processing container 4 is brought to the atmospheric pressure, the electric open / close valve 37 is connected. Is opened and the atmosphere (air) is introduced.
[0019]
Further, the aeration apparatus 8 is provided with a water tank 41 filled with water mixed with deodorizing bio-germs and an activated carbon 41a for deodorization, and an electric open / close valve 42 provided in the middle of the water tank 41, and A gas discharge pipe 43 connecting the upper part of the water tank 41 to the bottom part of the water tank 41; a gas discharge pipe 45 provided with an exhaust fan (exhaust fan) 44 on the way to discharge the gas in the water tank 41 to the atmosphere; An air supply pipe (actually provided at a plurality of locations) 47 connected to the lower part of the processing container 4 and provided with an electrically operated on-off valve 46 on the way.
[0020]
Of course, an input port 4a for an object to be processed is formed in the upper wall portion of the processing container 4, and an opening / closing lid 26 for opening and closing the input port 4a is provided to be openable and closable by, for example, a cylinder device 27. A discharge port 4b for the object to be processed is formed in the bottom wall portion of the workpiece 4, and an opening / closing lid 28 for opening and closing the discharge port 4b is provided so as to be openable and closable by, for example, a manual winch device 29.
[0021]
Next, a method of treating garbage as an object to be treated will be described.
First, the opening / closing lid 26 is opened, and crushed garbage (for example, having a water content of about 70 to 85%) is introduced into the processing container 4 from the input port 4a by anaerobic microorganisms (anaerobic bacteria) and aerobic microorganisms (aerobic microorganisms). After the aerial bacteria) are introduced together with the microorganism group (bacteria group) mixed and cultured, the opening / closing lid 26 is closed.
[0022]
Next, stirring is performed by operating the stirrer 6 while the heater 5 is heated to a temperature optimal for fermentation of garbage, for example, 40 to 70 ° C. (preferably about 60 ° C.). At this time, the on-off valves 35, 37, 42, 46 are closed.
[0023]
Next, the opening / closing valve 35 provided in the gas suction pipe 36 is opened, and the pressure reducing device 7 is operated to suck air in the processing container 4 to reduce the pressure to a predetermined negative pressure, for example, about 118 Torr, and then reduce the pressure for a predetermined time. (For example, about 12 hours) and the garbage is dried so as to have a predetermined moisture content (for example, about 50 to 65%). As described above, since heating and drying are performed under reduced pressure, garbage containing a large amount of water can be dried in a short time, and thermophilicity can be obtained even under reduced pressure during drying. -Fermentation (decomposition) of hardly decomposable organic substances is promoted by anaerobic microorganisms, for example, fibrous pyrolysis bacteria, and efficient drying and fermentation (decomposition) are performed in a short time. During the drying, the on-off valve 35 is always open so that the inside of the processing container 4 is kept at a predetermined reduced pressure.
[0024]
When the drying is completed, the on-off valve 35 is closed, the on-off valve 37 of the air introduction pipe 38 is opened to communicate with the atmosphere, and the on-off valve 37 is closed again.
When the inside of the processing container 4 becomes under the atmospheric pressure, the open / close valves 42 and 46 are opened and the exhaust fan 44 is operated to supply outside air (air) into the processing container 4.
[0025]
Then, while maintaining the heating temperature at 50 to 70 ° C. (preferably about 60 ° C.), the stirring blade 24 is rotated to activate the aerobic microorganisms, thereby performing fermentation. Of course, the fermentation under the atmospheric pressure is also performed for a predetermined time (for example, about 12 hours). When the gas (gas) in the processing container 4 discharged to the atmosphere from the gas discharge pipe 43 passes through the water tank 41 of the aeration apparatus 8, the gas and the activated carbon 41a mixed with the bio-bacterium cause the gas (gas) to emit a bad odor. Is removed.
[0026]
In other words, by stirring the garbage efficiently dried and fermented (decomposed) under reduced pressure together with the activated aerobic microorganisms under atmospheric pressure, the aerobic microorganisms can act on the garbage in the best condition. It is possible to make fertilizer more efficiently.
[0027]
As described above, when turning garbage into fertilizer, first, anaerobic microorganisms are activated under reduced pressure, and the garbage is stirred at a heating temperature that does not adversely affect the microorganisms. Since it was made to dry, efficient drying with fermentation can be performed, and after drying, aerobic microorganisms are activated under atmospheric pressure to perform normal fermentation. It is possible to carry out the treatment under the optimal conditions at each of the time (drying step) and the fermentation (fermentation step), that is, the fermentation can be carried out efficiently in a short time without reducing the activity of the microorganisms. Can be performed.
[0028]
By the way, in the above-described embodiment, a heating device using steam has been described. However, for example, a heating device using an electric heater or the like may be used.
In addition, as the depressurizing device, a device for discharging air by an ejector has been described, but a device using a vacuum pump may be used.
[0029]
Further, in the above-described embodiment, the case where the organic waste is garbage has been described, but other than that, livestock excrement, sewage sludge, or the like may be used.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the configuration of the organic waste treatment method and the treatment apparatus of the present invention, when organic waste such as garbage is converted into fertilizer, for example, the microorganism is not adversely affected under reduced pressure first. After the organic waste was dried by stirring at the heating temperature and subjected to anaerobic fermentation, the fermentation was carried out by aerobic microorganisms under atmospheric pressure, that is, the drying and fermentation of the organic waste were the same. Because it was performed under different conditions in the processing vessel of, compared to, for example, drying and fermenting under reduced pressure, because there is no need to finely control the pressure in the processing vessel, the amount of oxygen, etc. The configuration of the device itself can be made simple and inexpensive.
[0031]
In particular, even during drying under reduced pressure, the fermentation is performed by activating the anaerobic microorganisms, so that a process such as efficient fertilization can be performed as a whole.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway side view showing a schematic configuration of an organic waste treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the processing apparatus.
FIG. 3 is a view taken along the line AA of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the processing apparatus.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Processing device 4 Processing container 4a Inlet 4b Outlet 5 Heating device 6 Stirrer 7 Decompression device 8 Deodorizer 14 Steam generator 24 Stirrer blade 26 Opening lid 28 Opening lid 35 Electric open / close valve 36 Gas suction pipe 42 Electric open / close Valve 43 Gas exhaust pipe 46 Electric open / close valve 47 Air supply pipe

Claims (2)

When mixing microorganisms into organic waste and agitating in the processing vessel for fermentation,
Using a mixture of aerobic microorganisms and anaerobic microorganisms as the microorganism group,
And organic waste is heated under reduced pressure to activate anaerobic microorganisms and dried, and then heated under atmospheric pressure to activate aerobic microorganisms and perform fermentation. How to handle things. A processing device for mixing microorganisms into organic waste and stirring and fermenting in a processing vessel,
A stirrer is provided in the processing vessel and a heating device is provided for heating the organic waste put in the processing vessel,
Providing a decompression device for sucking gas in the processing container and depressurizing the processing container,
Further, a mixture of an aerobic microorganism and an anaerobic microorganism is used as the microorganism group, and when the organic waste is heated and dried, the inside of the processing vessel is depressurized by the decompression device to remove the anaerobic microorganism. An organic waste treatment apparatus characterized in that, when activated and heated for fermentation after drying, the inside of the treatment container is brought to atmospheric pressure to activate the aerobic microorganisms. .

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