JP2004307683A - Method for producing coke - Google Patents

Method for producing coke Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004307683A
JP2004307683A JP2003104459A JP2003104459A JP2004307683A JP 2004307683 A JP2004307683 A JP 2004307683A JP 2003104459 A JP2003104459 A JP 2003104459A JP 2003104459 A JP2003104459 A JP 2003104459A JP 2004307683 A JP2004307683 A JP 2004307683A
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Prior art keywords
coke
waste
coal
strength
wood
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JP2003104459A
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JP4139260B2 (en
Inventor
Hiroko Nishihata
裕子 西端
Masaru Nishimura
勝 西村
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Kansai Coke and Chemicals Co Ltd
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Kansai Coke and Chemicals Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/58Construction or demolition [C&D] waste
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/78Recycling of wood or furniture waste

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  • Coke Industry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing cokes by using coal for coke making and a wood-based waste by which a large amount of the wood-based waste can be treated while hardly causing the reduction of the strength of the formed cokes. <P>SOLUTION: The method for producing the cokes by heating and carbonizing the coal for the coke making comprises inserting the previously heat-treated wood-based waste with the coal for the coke making to a coke oven. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、コークスの製造方法に関し、詳細には、間伐材、林地残材、建築廃材、工場残廃物等の木質系廃棄物を、コークス原料として有効に活用し得るように工夫された方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
間伐材や林地残材、建築廃材、工場残廃物などとして排出される木質系廃棄物の量は膨大であり、現在、これらの主な処分方法として実施されているのは、焼却と埋め立て(放置)である。しかしながら、近年、各種廃棄物量が急増してくるにつれて、最終処分場の確保自体が困難になっており、木質系廃棄物についても2次資源としての有効利用を目的とする研究も進められている。例えば、上記木質系廃棄物は木質系バイオマス資源ともいわれており、無公害の有機質資源として再利用の研究が積極的に進められている。
【0003】
このような状況の中、平成14年5月には、排出される廃棄物量に対する最終処分場の制約や将来的な天然木材資源等の枯渇の可能性、有害化学物質や地球環境問題などの克服を目的とする循環型経済社会推進の一環として建設リサイクル法が施行され、建設廃棄物としての廃木材の再資源化が義務付けられたこともあって、上記木質系廃棄物の処理法や有効利用法の改善が一層強く望まれている。
【0004】
これまでにも、一般ゴミや産業廃棄物を安価に処理する方法や、2次資源として有効利用する方法は種々提案されている。例えば、有機系廃棄物(木質系廃棄物を含む)を安価かつ大量に処理する方法として、該有機系廃棄物を0.05〜1質量%の割合で原料炭に配合し、コークス炉で処理する方法がある(特許文献1)。しかし、この方法では、原料炭に対する有機系廃棄物の配合量が最大でも1質量%であり、配合量が1質量%を超えると、得られるコークス強度を低下させる等、製品品質を著しく劣化させることが知られている。
【0005】
またこの特許文献1では、原料炭と有機系廃棄物が交互に層状となるようにコークス炉へ装入すれば、生成コークスの強度低下を起こすことなく、多量の有機系廃棄物を処理し得ることも紹介されている。しかし、コークス炉への原料装入設備や装入作業性等を考慮すると簡易な処理とは言えない。
【0006】
このように、原料炭に有機系廃棄物を混合して同時に加熱乾留し、コークスの製造と同時に有機系廃棄物を処理する方法には、一度に処理可能な量に限界があり、この限界を超えると生成するコークスの品質が著しく劣化するので、処理量を増加するにしても自ずと限界があった。
【0007】
【特許文献1】

Figure 2004307683
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記のような事情に着目してなされたものであって、その目的は、原料炭と木質系廃棄物を用いてコークスを製造する方法において、生成するコークスの品質劣化を起こすことなく、一度に大量の木質系廃棄物を処理し得る様なコークスの製造方法を提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明のコークスの製造方法とは、原料炭を加熱乾留してコークスを製造するに当たり、予め熱処理された木質系廃棄物を該原料炭と共にコークス炉へ装入するところに要旨を有する。
【0010】
前記熱処理は、空気を遮断し、350〜450℃の温度域で加熱するのが好ましく、このような熱処理によって、木質系廃棄物中の揮発分量を45〜65質量%の範囲にしておくことが望ましい。
【0011】
原料炭に対する前記木質系廃棄物の添加量は、熱処理前の木質系廃棄物基準で1〜10質量%の範囲とすることが推奨される。
【0012】
【発明の実施形態】
上述した様に、原料炭に木質系廃棄物を混合してコークスを製造する場合、配合可能な木質系廃棄物の量には限界があり、配合量が多すぎると生成するコークスの強度を低下させるといった問題があった。
【0013】
そこで本発明者らは、生成するコークスの強度を低下させること無く、多量の木質系廃棄物を混合処理し得る方法を確立すべく鋭意検討を進めた。その結果、予め木質系廃棄物を、空気を遮断した環境下において加熱し、半炭化状態にしてから原料炭と混合して加熱乾留すれば、得られるコークスの強度を低下させることなく、また木質系廃棄物の処理量も大幅に増加し得ることを見出し、上記本発明を完成した。以下、本発明に係るコークスの製法について詳細に説明していく。
【0014】
本発明における最大の特徴点は、木質系廃棄物に予め熱処理を施しておき、得られる熱処理物を原料炭と共にコークス炉で加熱乾留するところにある。木質系廃棄物に限らず木材の主な構成成分は、水素、炭素、酸素などであるため、木質系廃棄物を原料炭と共にコークス炉内で乾留すると、原料炭と同様、木質系廃棄物の乾留物も生成コークスの炭素源として取り込まれ、コークスの歩留まり向上に寄与する。
【0015】
本発明に係るコークスの製造方法において使用可能な木質系廃棄物としては、間伐材や林地残材、建築廃材、工場残廃物などとして排出される廃木材などが挙げられる。
【0016】
本発明では、用いる木質系廃棄物に予め熱処理を施し、半炭化させる。この半炭化とは、木質系廃棄物を完全に炭化させるのではなく、熱処理後の木質系廃棄物中の揮発分量をある程度低減させる処理を意味する。ここで、揮発分とは、空気との接触を絶って、所定条件下で加熱したときの重量減少率から水分を差し引いたものであり、木材中に含まれるガス、木タールなどの成分を指すものである。
【0017】
このように予め木質系廃棄物を半炭化させておくことで、原料炭と共に加熱乾留した場合でも、生成するコークスの強度低下を抑制することができる。半炭化させることでコークスの強度低下が抑制される理由については、理論的に解明されたわけではないが、次の様に考えている。即ち、生の木質系廃棄物の収縮率は、原料として用いられる石炭に比べて大きいため、乾留時に木質系廃棄物と石炭との間に間隙が生じ、この間隙が生成コークスの強度欠陥として現れるのではないかと推測される。ところが、木質系廃棄物を予め熱処理して半炭化させておくと、当該処理法による熱分解によって木質系廃棄物中の易熱分解成分が分解放出されるため、乾留時における半炭化物の収縮率が低減し、前述したような収縮率差に起因する隙間の生成が抑えられるためと考えている。
【0018】
上記熱処理時の温度は、コークスの製造に用いる原料炭の種類によって異なるため、用いる原料炭に応じて適宜選択すればよいが、通常は350〜450℃とするのが好ましい。加熱温度が350℃未満では、木質系廃棄物を半炭化させるのに不十分であり、450℃を超える温度で熱処理(半炭化処理)を行った木質系廃棄物では、炭化が進行し過ぎて、いずれの場合もコークス強度の低下抑制効果が得られ難くなるからである。また、乾留温度が450℃を超えると強度低下の抑制効果が小さくなる傾向が見られる上に、乾留に要する燃料費も高くなるため好ましくない。より好ましくは350℃以上、400℃以下である。
【0019】
上述のような熱処理によって、熱処理後の木質系廃棄物(半炭化物)中の揮発分量を45質量%以上、65質量%以下程度に低減させるのが好ましい。半炭化物中の揮発分量が65質量%を超える場合は、木質系廃棄物の半炭化が不十分であり、一方45質量%未満では炭化が進行し過ぎて、いずれの場合もコークス強度の低下抑制効果が得られ難くなるからである。より好ましくは50質量%以上、60質量%以下である。
【0020】
上記木質系廃棄物の熱処理(半炭化)に使用される装置は、空気を遮断した状態で加熱(炭化)し得る装置であれば特に限定されず、例えば回分式の電気炉や、連続的に熱処理できるキルン等が挙げられる。
【0021】
尚、木質系廃棄物に熱処理を施して半炭化する際には、副生物として木酢液、タールおよびガス等が生成する。これらのうち木酢液は燻液(食品用)や消臭剤、植物成長剤、害虫忌避剤として、タールは化学原料として、さらにガスは燃料としてそれぞれ有効利用することができる。
【0022】
上述の熱処理を経て得られる半炭化物は、必要に応じて粉砕機等を用いて原料炭と均一に混合し得る大きさの細片状(粒径約0.5〜100mm程度)にした後、原料炭と混合される。また、熱処理前に予め適当な大きさに粉砕しておいても構わない。用いられる粉砕機の種類は特に限定されず、木質系廃棄物や半炭化物の粒度分布が均一になり、かつ微粉の発生が少ないものであればよく、例えば反発式粉砕機、圧潰式粉砕機、衝撃式粉砕機等が用いられる。
【0023】
本発明を実施するに当たっては、上述の様にして得られた半炭化物を、原料炭と共にコークス炉へ装入し、加熱乾留することによってコークスを得る。半炭化物の配合量は、原料炭および半炭化物の混合物中、熱処理前の木質系廃棄物基準で1質量%以上、10質量%以下の範囲で混合することができる。添加量が1質量%未満では配合量が不足するため、木質系廃棄物の大量処理の目的にそぐわなくなる。一方、配合量が10質量%を超えると、コークス強度の低下が軽視できなくなる。
【0024】
尚、原料炭と半炭化物の混合物をコークス炉へ装入する方法に格別の制限はなく、通常の原料炭を装入するのと同様に行えばよいが、原料炭と半炭化物とが均一な混合状態となるように装入するのがよい。
【0025】
本発明では、原料炭と半炭化物とを混合して乾留するところに特徴を有するもので、乾留方法自体には特に制限がなく、通常のコークス製造に採用されている条件を適用することができる。例えば、コークス炉に、半炭化物を配合した原料炭を装入した後、700℃〜1350℃の温度下で、乾留を行えばよい。乾留時間については、炉の大きさ、用いる石炭の性状および操業条件(炉温等)等に応じて適宜決定すればよい。また、コークス炉の構成素材も特に限定されず、耐火材料の他、炭化ケイ素やステンレス鋼等を用いたものでもよい。
【0026】
上述した本発明の方法によって得られるコークスは、原料炭のみを用いて製造されるコークスと同程度の強度を有しているため、一般的なコークスと同様に、例えば高炉装入用コークスとして用いることができる。また、本発明の方法によれば、一度に大量の木質系廃棄物の処理が可能であることに加えて、木質系廃棄物をコークスの原料の一部として有効利用できるので、これまで採用していた処理法のような最終処分場の問題を生じることもない。
【0027】
【実施例】
以下、実験例によって本発明をさらに詳述するが、下記実験例は本発明を制限するものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で変更実施することはすべて本発明の技術的範囲に含まれる。尚、下記実施例で採用したコークス強度の測定方法は下記の通りである。
【0028】
コークス強度の測定方法
内径132mm、高さ700mmの筒状のI型ドラム試験機(長谷川製作所製)に、篩により大きさを20±1mmに調整した試料(乾留後のコークス)200gを入れ、30回転/分で20分間回転させた。その後、9.56mmの篩で篩い分け、篩上に残った試料の量を測定し、投入した試料に対する残存試料割合(%)をコークス強度とした。
【0029】
木質系廃棄物の熱処理(木質系廃棄物の半炭化)
木質系廃棄物400gを、予め設定温度+50℃に予熱しておいた電気炉へ充填し、該木質系廃棄物が設定温度(温度300℃:試料1)に到達した後、同温度で30分間保持して半炭化処理を行った。尚、試料1では設定温度を300℃、試料2では350℃、試料3では400℃、試料4では500℃、試料5では600℃とした。このときの熱処理温度と熱処理後の半炭化物中に存在する揮発分量を表1に示す。
【0030】
【表1】
Figure 2004307683
【0031】
実験例1 (従来例)
コークス試験炉(幅400mm、長さ470mm、高さ530mm)に、石炭A(粒度:3mm、固定炭素量:79.9%、揮発分:26.1%)に粒度の異なる2種類の木質系廃棄物(粒度:7cm以下[実験番号1、2]、粒度:3mm以下[実験番号3、4])をそれぞれ3%または10%ずつ添加した混合物を装入して、炭芯温度(石炭の中心部分)が850℃に到達した後、さらに30分間加熱を続けて、得られたコークスのコークス強度を測定した。また、比較のため石炭Aのみ(実験番号5)を乾留して得たコークスの強度についても同様に測定した。結果を表2に示す。尚、表2には、コークス強度の値として測定値(I型ドラム強度)と共に、実験番号5で得たコークス強度の値を100として計算した値も示した。
【0032】
【表2】
Figure 2004307683
【0033】
表2より、木質系廃棄物を添加して乾留を行った実験番号1〜4のコークスの強度は、いずれも、石炭Aのみを乾留して得られたコークス強度に比べて劣っていた。また、木質系廃棄物を粉砕して粒度を小さくしても、コークス強度の低下を抑制することはできなかった(実験番号3,4)。また、いずれの粒度の木質系廃棄物を用いた場合であっても、添加量が増加すると、強度の低下が顕著となった。
【0034】
実験例2 半炭化物の添加1
上記実験例1と同様の試験炉に、石炭A(粒度:3mm、固定炭素量:79.9%、揮発分:26.1%)に予め熱処理を施して得た前記半炭化物(試料1〜3)(粒度:3mm以下)をそれぞれ3%ずつ添加した混合物を装入して、炭芯温度が850℃に到達した後、さらに30分間加熱を続けて、得られたコークスの強度を測定した(実験番号6〜8)。また、比較のため石炭Aのみ(実験番号9)を乾留した時のコークス強度についても同様に測定した。結果を表3に示す。尚、このときの石炭Aに対する半炭化物の添加量は、熱処理前の木材量に換算すると、5.8%(試料1)、7.0%(試料2)、8.3%(試料3)であった。
【0035】
【表3】
Figure 2004307683
【0036】
表2および表3より、木質系廃棄物に熱処理を施すことで、得られるコークスの強度低下が抑制できることがわかる。また、木質系廃棄物の熱処理温度が上昇するに従って、コークス強度の低下が抑制される傾向があることが分かる。
【0037】
実験例3 (従来例)
実験例1と同様の試験炉を用い、石炭B(粒度:3mm、固定炭素量:79.9%、揮発分:25.9%)に粒度の異なる2種類の木質系廃棄物(粒度:7cm以下[実験番号10、11]、粒度:3mm以下[実験番号12,13])をそれぞれ3%または10%ずつ添加した混合物を装入し、実験例1と同様にしてコークスを製造し、得られたコークスの強度を測定した。また、比較のため石炭Bのみ(実験番号14)を乾留して得たコークスの強度についても同様に測定した。結果を表4に示す。
【0038】
【表4】
Figure 2004307683
【0039】
表4からも明らかな如く、木質系廃棄物を添加して乾留を行った実験番号10〜13のコークス強度は、石炭Bのみを乾留した場合(実験番号14)に比べて劣っている。また、木質系廃棄物を粉砕し粒度を小さくしても(実験番号12,13)、得られるコークスの強度低下を抑制することはできなかった。また、いずれの粒度の木質系廃棄物を用いた場合も、添加量が10%の場合は、コークス強度の低下が顕著であった。
【0040】
実験例4 半炭化物の添加2
上記実験例1と同様の試験炉を用い、石炭B(粒度:3mm、固定炭素量:79.9%、揮発分:25.9%)に半炭化物(試料1〜5)(粒度:3mm以下)をそれぞれ熱処理前の木材量換算で10%添加して、炭芯温度が850℃に到達した後、さらに30分間加熱を続けて、得られたコークスの強度を測定した(実験番号15〜19)。また、比較のため石炭Bのみ(実験番号20)を乾留した場合のコークス強度についても同様に測定した。結果を表5に示す。
【0041】
【表5】
Figure 2004307683
【0042】
表4および表5より、未熱処理木質系廃棄物を使用した実験例3のコークスに比べて、熱処理を施して半炭化させた木質系廃棄物を使用した実験例4(実験番号15〜19)では、コークス強度の低下が抑制されていることがわかる。特に、試料2(熱処理温度350℃)、試料3(熱処理温度400℃)を添加した実験番号16,17のコークスは、石炭Bのみから得られた実験番号20と同等の強度を有しており、コークス強度の低下はほとんど見られなかった。
【0043】
以上の結果より、予め熱処理を施して木質系廃棄物を半炭化させておくことで、生成するコークスの強度を低下させることなく、コークス製造時に多量の木質系廃棄物を処理し得ることが分かる。
【0044】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、コークス製造時に木質系廃棄物をコークス原料として用いるので有効に再資源化でき、従来のような廃棄物としての処分場等の問題も解決できる。また、多量の木質系廃棄物を原料炭と混合してもコークス強度を低下させることがない。さらに、木質系廃棄物を半炭化する際に得られる木酢液・タール・ガスなども、それぞれ燻液(食品用)や消臭剤、化学原料、燃料等として有効利用することができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing coke, and in particular, to a method devised so that woody waste such as thinned wood, wood residue, construction waste, and factory waste can be effectively used as a coke raw material. Things.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The amount of wood-based waste discharged as thinned wood, wood residue, construction waste, and factory waste is enormous. Currently, the main disposal methods for these are incineration and landfill (leaving ). However, in recent years, as the amount of various types of waste has rapidly increased, it has become difficult to secure a final disposal site itself, and research is also being conducted on wood-based waste for the purpose of effective use as a secondary resource. . For example, the above-mentioned woody waste is also referred to as woody biomass resource, and research on its reuse as a non-polluting organic resource is being actively promoted.
[0003]
Under such circumstances, in May 2002, the restrictions on the final disposal site for the amount of waste discharged, the possibility of future depletion of natural wood resources, etc., overcoming harmful chemical substances and global environmental problems, etc. The Construction Recycling Law was enacted as part of the promotion of a recycling-oriented economy and society, and the recycling of waste wood as construction waste was obligated. There is a strong need for improved legislation.
[0004]
Until now, various methods for inexpensively treating general garbage and industrial waste and methods for effectively using them as secondary resources have been proposed. For example, as a method for treating organic wastes (including woody wastes) inexpensively and in large quantities, the organic wastes are blended into coking coal in a ratio of 0.05 to 1% by mass and treated in a coke oven. (Patent Document 1). However, in this method, the compounding amount of the organic waste with respect to the raw coal is at most 1% by mass, and when the compounding amount exceeds 1% by mass, the obtained coke strength is lowered and the product quality is remarkably deteriorated. It is known.
[0005]
Further, in Patent Document 1, if coking coal and organic waste are charged into a coke oven so as to be alternately layered, a large amount of organic waste can be treated without lowering the strength of produced coke. It is also introduced. However, it cannot be said that it is a simple process in consideration of a raw material charging facility and charging workability into a coke oven.
[0006]
As described above, the method of mixing organic waste with coking coal, heating and carbonizing at the same time, and simultaneously processing organic waste with coke production has a limit in the amount that can be treated at one time. If it exceeds, the quality of the produced coke is remarkably deteriorated, so that there is naturally a limit even if the throughput is increased.
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
Figure 2004307683
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its object is to provide a method for producing coke using coking coal and woody waste without causing deterioration in the quality of the produced coke. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing coke which can treat a large amount of woody waste at a time.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The method for producing coke of the present invention has a gist in that in heating and carbonizing raw coal to produce coke, wood-based waste heat-treated in advance is charged together with the raw coal into a coke oven.
[0010]
In the heat treatment, it is preferable that the air is cut off and heating is performed in a temperature range of 350 to 450 ° C. By such a heat treatment, the amount of volatile matter in the wood-based waste is kept in a range of 45 to 65% by mass. desirable.
[0011]
It is recommended that the amount of the woody waste added to the raw coal be in the range of 1 to 10% by mass based on the woody waste before the heat treatment.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As described above, when coke is produced by mixing woody waste with coking coal, the amount of woody waste that can be blended is limited, and if the blending amount is too large, the strength of the produced coke decreases. There was a problem such as letting.
[0013]
Therefore, the present inventors have intensively studied to establish a method capable of mixing and treating a large amount of woody waste without reducing the strength of the generated coke. As a result, if the woody waste is heated in advance in an environment where the air is shut off, brought into a semi-carbonized state, and then mixed with coking coal and heated to dryness, the strength of the obtained coke is not reduced and the woody The inventors have found that the amount of treatment of system waste can be greatly increased, and have completed the present invention. Hereinafter, the method for producing coke according to the present invention will be described in detail.
[0014]
The greatest feature of the present invention is that the woody waste is heat-treated in advance, and the resulting heat-treated product is heated and carbonized together with the raw coal in a coke oven. The main components of wood, not only wood-based waste, are hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, etc., so if wood-based waste is carbonized together with coking coal in a coke oven, similar to coking coal, wood-based waste The dry matter is also taken in as a carbon source of the produced coke and contributes to the improvement of the coke yield.
[0015]
Examples of the woody waste that can be used in the method of producing coke according to the present invention include waste wood that is discharged as thinned wood, wood residue, building waste, and factory waste.
[0016]
In the present invention, the woody waste to be used is subjected to a heat treatment in advance to be semi-carbonized. This semi-carbonization means a treatment that does not completely carbonize the woody waste but reduces the amount of volatiles in the woody waste after the heat treatment to some extent. Here, the volatile content is a value obtained by subtracting moisture from a weight loss rate when heated under a predetermined condition without contact with air, and refers to a gas contained in wood, a component such as wood tar. Things.
[0017]
By preliminarily carbonizing the woody waste in this way, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the strength of the generated coke even when the carbonized material is heated and carbonized together with the raw coal. The reason why the reduction in coke strength is suppressed by semi-carbonization has not been elucidated theoretically, but is considered as follows. That is, since the shrinkage rate of raw woody waste is larger than that of coal used as a raw material, a gap is formed between the woody waste and coal during carbonization, and this gap appears as a strength defect of the generated coke. It is presumed that it is. However, if the woody waste is previously heat-treated and semi-carbonized, the pyrolysis of the woody waste causes decomposition and release of the easily pyrolyzed components in the woody waste. Is considered to be reduced, and the generation of the gap caused by the difference in the shrinkage rate as described above is suppressed.
[0018]
The temperature at the time of the heat treatment varies depending on the type of the raw coal used for the production of coke, and may be appropriately selected according to the raw coal used. However, it is usually preferably 350 to 450 ° C. When the heating temperature is lower than 350 ° C., it is insufficient to cause the woody waste to be semi-carbonized. In the woody waste subjected to the heat treatment (semi-carbonized treatment) at a temperature exceeding 450 ° C., the carbonization proceeds excessively. In either case, it is difficult to obtain the effect of suppressing a decrease in coke strength. On the other hand, if the carbonization temperature exceeds 450 ° C., the effect of suppressing the reduction in strength tends to decrease, and the fuel cost required for carbonization increases, which is not preferable. More preferably, the temperature is 350 ° C. or more and 400 ° C. or less.
[0019]
By the heat treatment as described above, it is preferable to reduce the amount of volatile matter in the woody waste (semi-carbide) after the heat treatment to about 45% by mass or more and 65% by mass or less. If the amount of volatile matter in the semi-carbide exceeds 65% by mass, the semi-carbonization of the woody waste is insufficient, while if it is less than 45% by mass, the carbonization proceeds excessively, and in any case, the reduction of coke strength is suppressed. This is because it is difficult to obtain the effect. More preferably, it is 50% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less.
[0020]
The apparatus used for the heat treatment (semi-carbonization) of the woody waste is not particularly limited as long as it can be heated (carbonized) in a state where air is shut off. For example, a batch-type electric furnace or a continuous electric furnace can be used. A kiln that can be heat-treated is used.
[0021]
When woody waste is subjected to a heat treatment to be carbonized, wood vinegar, tar, gas, and the like are generated as by-products. Of these, wood vinegar can be effectively used as a smoke liquid (for food), a deodorant, a plant growth agent, a pest repellent, tar as a chemical raw material, and gas as a fuel.
[0022]
The semi-carbide obtained through the heat treatment described above is formed into strips (particle diameter of about 0.5 to 100 mm) having a size that can be uniformly mixed with the raw coal using a pulverizer or the like as necessary. It is mixed with coking coal. Further, it may be pulverized to an appropriate size before the heat treatment. The type of the crusher used is not particularly limited, and the particle size distribution of the woody waste and the semi-carbonized material may be uniform, and any fine powder may be generated.For example, a repulsion crusher, a crusher crusher, An impact crusher or the like is used.
[0023]
In carrying out the present invention, the semi-carbide obtained as described above is charged into a coke oven together with raw coal, and coke is obtained by heating and carbonizing. The amount of the semi-carbide can be mixed in the mixture of the raw coal and the semi-carbide in a range of 1% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less based on the woody waste before the heat treatment. If the added amount is less than 1% by mass, the compounding amount is insufficient, which is not suitable for the purpose of mass processing of woody waste. On the other hand, if the compounding amount exceeds 10% by mass, the decrease in coke strength cannot be neglected.
[0024]
There is no particular limitation on the method of charging the mixture of coking coal and semi-carbide into the coke oven, and the method may be performed in the same manner as charging normal coking coal. It is preferable to charge them so as to be in a mixed state.
[0025]
The present invention is characterized in that the raw coal and semi-carbide are mixed and carbonized, and the carbonization method itself is not particularly limited, and the conditions employed in ordinary coke production can be applied. . For example, after charging raw coal containing semi-carbide into a coke oven, dry distillation may be performed at a temperature of 700C to 1350C. The carbonization time may be appropriately determined according to the size of the furnace, the properties of the coal to be used, the operating conditions (furnace temperature, etc.), and the like. The constituent material of the coke oven is not particularly limited, and may be a material using silicon carbide, stainless steel, or the like in addition to the refractory material.
[0026]
Since the coke obtained by the above-described method of the present invention has the same strength as coke produced using only coking coal, it is used, for example, as blast furnace charging coke, like general coke. be able to. Further, according to the method of the present invention, in addition to being able to treat a large amount of woody waste at a time, the woody waste can be effectively used as a part of the raw material of coke. It does not cause the problem of the final disposal site like the conventional treatment method.
[0027]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of experimental examples.However, the following experimental examples do not limit the present invention, and all modifications and alterations that do not depart from the gist of the present invention are included in the technical scope of the present invention. It is. The method for measuring the coke strength employed in the following examples is as follows.
[0028]
Method for measuring coke strength 200 g of a sample (coke after carbonization) whose size was adjusted to 20 ± 1 mm by a sieve using a cylindrical I-type drum tester (manufactured by Hasegawa Seisakusho) having an inner diameter of 132 mm and a height of 700 mm. And rotated at 30 rpm for 20 minutes. Thereafter, the mixture was sieved with a 9.56 mm sieve, the amount of the sample remaining on the sieve was measured, and the ratio (%) of the remaining sample to the input sample was defined as the coke strength.
[0029]
Heat treatment of woody waste (half-carbonization of woody waste)
400 g of the woody waste is charged into an electric furnace which has been preheated to a preset temperature of + 50 ° C., and after the woody waste reaches the set temperature (300 ° C .: sample 1), it is kept at the same temperature for 30 minutes. While holding, a semi-carbonizing treatment was performed. The set temperature was set at 300 ° C. for sample 1, 350 ° C. for sample 2, 400 ° C. for sample 3, 500 ° C. for sample 4, and 600 ° C. for sample 5. Table 1 shows the heat treatment temperature and the amount of volatiles present in the semi-carbide after the heat treatment.
[0030]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004307683
[0031]
Experimental example 1 (conventional example)
Coal A (particle size: 3 mm, fixed carbon amount: 79.9%, volatile matter: 26.1%) in coke test furnace (400 mm width, 470 mm length, 530 mm height) A mixture to which waste (particle size: 7 cm or less [Experiment Nos. 1 and 2], particle size: 3 mm or less [Experiment Nos. 3 and 4]) was added by 3% or 10%, respectively, was charged, and the coal core temperature (coal After the center portion reached 850 ° C., heating was continued for another 30 minutes, and the coke strength of the obtained coke was measured. For comparison, the strength of coke obtained by carbonizing only coal A (experiment number 5) was similarly measured. Table 2 shows the results. In Table 2, the values calculated assuming that the value of the coke strength obtained in Experiment No. 5 is 100, together with the measured values (I-type drum strength) as the values of the coke strength.
[0032]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004307683
[0033]
From Table 2, the strength of the coke of Experiment Nos. 1 to 4 in which woody waste was added and carbonized was inferior to the coke strength obtained by carbonizing only coal A. Further, even if the woody waste was pulverized to reduce the particle size, it was not possible to suppress a decrease in coke strength (Experiment Nos. 3 and 4). In addition, no matter which particle size of woody waste was used, the strength was remarkably reduced as the amount of addition increased.
[0034]
Experimental Example 2 Addition of semi-carbide 1
In the same test furnace as in Experimental Example 1 above, the above-mentioned semi-carbide (samples 1 to 3) obtained by previously subjecting coal A (particle size: 3 mm, fixed carbon amount: 79.9%, volatile matter: 26.1%) to a heat treatment. 3) A mixture to which 3% (particle size: 3 mm or less) was added was charged, and after the core temperature reached 850 ° C., heating was further continued for 30 minutes, and the strength of the obtained coke was measured. (Experiment numbers 6 to 8). For comparison, the coke strength when only coal A (experiment number 9) was carbonized was measured in the same manner. Table 3 shows the results. The amount of semi-carbide added to coal A at this time was 5.8% (sample 1), 7.0% (sample 2), and 8.3% (sample 3) in terms of the amount of wood before heat treatment. Met.
[0035]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004307683
[0036]
From Tables 2 and 3, it can be seen that the heat treatment of the woody waste can suppress the decrease in the strength of the obtained coke. Further, it can be seen that as the heat treatment temperature of the woody waste increases, the decrease in coke strength tends to be suppressed.
[0037]
Experimental example 3 (conventional example)
Using the same test furnace as in Experimental Example 1, two types of wood-based wastes (particle size: 7 cm) having different particle sizes in coal B (particle size: 3 mm, fixed carbon amount: 79.9%, volatile matter: 25.9%) A mixture to which 3% or 10% of [Experiment Nos. 10 and 11] and particle size: 3 mm or less [Experiment Nos. 12 and 13] were added was charged, and coke was produced in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1. The strength of the coke thus obtained was measured. For comparison, the strength of coke obtained by carbonizing only coal B (Experiment No. 14) was measured in the same manner. Table 4 shows the results.
[0038]
[Table 4]
Figure 2004307683
[0039]
As is clear from Table 4, the coke strength of Test Nos. 10 to 13 in which woody waste was added and carbonization was performed was inferior to the case where only coal B was carbonized (Experiment No. 14). Further, even if the woody waste was pulverized to reduce the particle size (Experiment Nos. 12 and 13), the decrease in the strength of the obtained coke could not be suppressed. In addition, in the case of using woody waste of any particle size, the coke strength was remarkably reduced when the added amount was 10%.
[0040]
Experimental Example 4 Addition of semi-carbide 2
Using a test furnace similar to that of Experimental Example 1 above, coal B (particle size: 3 mm, fixed carbon amount: 79.9%, volatile matter: 25.9%) was converted to semi-carbide (samples 1 to 5) (particle size: 3 mm or less). ) Was added in an amount of 10% in terms of the amount of wood before heat treatment, and after the carbon core temperature reached 850 ° C, heating was continued for another 30 minutes to measure the strength of the obtained coke (Experiment Nos. 15 to 19). ). For comparison, the coke strength when only coal B (experiment number 20) was carbonized was measured in the same manner. Table 5 shows the results.
[0041]
[Table 5]
Figure 2004307683
[0042]
From Tables 4 and 5, Experimental Example 4 using the wood-based waste heat-treated and semi-carbonized compared to the coke of Experimental Example 3 using the unheated wooden waste (Experiment Nos. 15 to 19). Indicates that the decrease in coke strength is suppressed. In particular, the coke of Experiment Nos. 16 and 17 to which Sample 2 (heat treatment temperature of 350 ° C.) and Sample 3 (heat treatment temperature of 400 ° C.) were added had the same strength as Experiment No. 20 obtained from coal B alone. The coke strength was hardly reduced.
[0043]
From the above results, it can be seen that a large amount of woody waste can be treated during coke production by reducing the strength of the produced coke by performing the heat treatment in advance and semi-carbonizing the woody waste. .
[0044]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, since woody waste is used as a coke raw material during coke production, it can be effectively recycled, and the problem of a conventional disposal site as waste can be solved. Even if a large amount of woody waste is mixed with coking coal, coke strength does not decrease. Further, wood vinegar, tar, gas, and the like obtained when woody waste is partially carbonized can also be effectively used as a smoked liquid (for food), a deodorant, a chemical raw material, a fuel, and the like.

Claims (4)

原料炭を加熱乾留してコークスを製造する方法において、予め熱処理された木質系廃棄物を該原料炭と共にコークス炉に装入することを特徴とするコークスの製造方法。A method for producing coke by heating and carbonizing coking coal, wherein a wood-based waste heat-treated in advance is charged into a coke oven together with the coking coal. 前記熱処理を、空気を遮断し350〜450℃で加熱することによって行う請求項1に記載のコークスの製造方法。The method for producing coke according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment is performed by heating at 350 to 450 ° C. while shutting off air. 前記木質系廃棄物の添加量を、熱処理前の木質系廃棄物量換算で1〜10質量%の範囲とする請求項1または2に記載のコークスの製造方法。The method for producing coke according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of the woody waste added is in the range of 1 to 10% by mass in terms of the amount of the woody waste before heat treatment. 熱処理後の前記木質系廃棄物に含まれる揮発分を45〜65質量%とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のコークスの製造方法。The method for producing coke according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein volatile matter contained in the wood-based waste after the heat treatment is 45 to 65% by mass.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007002136A (en) * 2005-06-24 2007-01-11 Kansai Coke & Chem Co Ltd Method for producing coke
WO2013055053A2 (en) * 2011-10-10 2013-04-18 (주)원진월드와이드 Pulverized fuel and method for producing same

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007002136A (en) * 2005-06-24 2007-01-11 Kansai Coke & Chem Co Ltd Method for producing coke
WO2013055053A2 (en) * 2011-10-10 2013-04-18 (주)원진월드와이드 Pulverized fuel and method for producing same
KR101269391B1 (en) 2011-10-10 2013-05-29 주식회사 경동 Pulverized fuel and method for production of the same
WO2013055053A3 (en) * 2011-10-10 2013-07-04 (주)원진월드와이드 Pulverized fuel and method for producing same

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