JP2004305071A - Stabilizer for fermented milk food, fermented milk food and method for producing the food - Google Patents

Stabilizer for fermented milk food, fermented milk food and method for producing the food Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004305071A
JP2004305071A JP2003101701A JP2003101701A JP2004305071A JP 2004305071 A JP2004305071 A JP 2004305071A JP 2003101701 A JP2003101701 A JP 2003101701A JP 2003101701 A JP2003101701 A JP 2003101701A JP 2004305071 A JP2004305071 A JP 2004305071A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
fermented milk
food
gum arabic
stabilizer
milk
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JP2003101701A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kazuo Uchida
和郎 内田
Takahiro Funemi
孝博 船見
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San Ei Gen FFI Inc
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San Ei Gen FFI Inc
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Priority to JP2003101701A priority Critical patent/JP2004305071A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fermented milk food having smooth and shiny appearance, and meltable palate feeling without losing shape retention and water retainability required for fermented milk products. <P>SOLUTION: The fermented milk food contains gum arabic as a fermented-milk-food stabilizer. The fermented milk food contains gum arabic preferably at 0.1-1 wt.%. The fermented milk food is obtained by mixing fermented milk with gum arabic-containing stabilizer solution. The fermented-milk-food stabilizer contains pectin together with the gum arabic. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ヨーグルト等の発酵乳食品に関する。詳細には、発酵乳食品に求められる保型性、保水性を損なうことなく、口溶けのよい食感と滑らかで光沢のある外観とを有する発酵乳食品およびその製造法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、ヨーグルト等の発酵乳食品の製造において、品質改良の目的で、ペクチン、カラギナン、寒天、ゼラチン、アルギン酸塩、澱粉等の安定剤が使用されている。
【0003】
例えば、発酵前のヨーグルト調乳液にハイメトキシルペクチン、κ−カラギナン、ローカストビーンガムを添加し、発酵後加熱殺菌することにより、殺菌ヨーグルトを調製する方法(特許文献1)や、ペクチンおよびカルシウム結合剤を添加した発酵乳をヒートショック処理し、寒天、ゼラチン等のゲル化剤を添加することで保存中および流通過程での酸度上昇が抑制された後セット型ハードヨーグルトを調製する方法(特許文献2)、アルギン酸塩、カラギナンおよびペクチンから成るグループの中から選定された1つ以上のカルシウム結合ガムを使用して、発酵乳に濃厚感と滑らかさを付与する方法(特許文献3)、および未化工および化工澱粉を使用して、発酵乳にソフトでクリ−ミーな食感を付与する方法(特許文献4)などが知られている。
【0004】
しかし、これらの安定剤を発酵乳に添加すると、食感が糊状で重く、口どけが悪くなり、またフレーバーリリースが低下するという欠点があった。
【0005】
発酵乳における新製品開発に際しては、食感が重要視される場合が多い。つまり、本来、発酵乳が有すべき安定性を保持しつつ、新規な食感を創製するというニーズが非常に高いも関わらず、それを解決する具体的な方策が提示されていないのが現状である。
【0006】
【特許文献1】特公昭63−20491号公報
【特許文献2】特開平9−121763号公報
【特許文献3】特開昭63−133940号公報
【特許文献4】特開平11−276068号公報
【0007】
本発明は、かかる事情に鑑みて開発されたものであり、ヨーグルト等の発酵乳食品において、保形性や保水性といった発酵乳食品に本来求められる安定性を低下させることなく、口溶けのよい食感と滑らかで光沢のある外観とを有する発酵乳食品用の安定剤、発酵乳食品及びその製造法を提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記従来技術の問題点に鑑み、発酵乳食品に添加する安定剤に特に注目して鋭意研究を重ねていたところ、発酵乳食品用安定剤としてアラビアガムを添加することにより、発酵乳食品に求められる保型性、保水性を損なうことなく、口溶けのよい食感と滑らかで光沢のある外観とを有する発酵乳食品が得られることを見いだした。
また、発酵乳食品中、アラビアガムを特定割合含有することで、更に良好な食感、外観を有し、更には、アラビアガムを含有する安定剤溶液と発酵乳とを混合することにより、かかる効果を良好に発揮する発酵乳食品が製造できることを見出した。
【0009】
即ち、本発明は下記に掲げるものである:
項1.アラビアガムを含有することを特徴とする発酵乳食品用安定剤。
項2.アラビアガムを含有することを特徴とする発酵乳食品。
項3.アラビアガムを0.01〜5重量%の割合で含む、項2に記載の発酵乳食品。
項4.アラビアガムを含有する安定剤溶液と発酵乳とを混合することを特徴とする、項2又は3に記載の発酵乳食品の製造法。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
1.発酵乳食品用安定剤
本発明の発酵乳食品用安定剤は、アラビアガムを含有することを特徴とする。本発明の発酵乳には、酸乳、ヨーグルト、発酵バターミルク、アシドフィラスミルク、スキール、およびテッテなどの乳酸発酵を主体とした酸乳;並びにケフィアやクミスなどの乳酸発酵とアルコール発酵の混合発酵製品であるアルコール発酵乳が含まれる。好ましくは乳酸発酵を主体とした酸乳であり、中でも好適にはヨーグルトを挙げることができる。なお、ヨーグルトの種類は特に制限されず、公知の種類、例えばプレーンヨーグルト、ハードヨーグルト、ソフトヨーグルト、ドリンクヨーグルト(液状ヨーグルト)、ヨーグルトデザート、フローズンヨーグルト等が含まれるが、好ましくはソフトヨーグルトを挙げることができる。
【0011】
本発明で使用するアラビアガムとは、マメ科アカシア属植物の樹液に含まれる水溶性のヘテロ多糖である。アラビアガムの分子構造は明らかにされてはいないが、ガラクトース、アラビノース、ラムノース、およびグルクロン酸を構成糖とすることが知られており、少量(<2%)のタンパク質が含まれる。また、平均分子量は200,000〜580,000であると報告されている。食品工業分野では、菓子類のコーティング剤、飲料乳化剤、およびベーカリー食品の光沢剤として広く使用されており、例えばAcasia Senegal 及び Acasia seyal を起源とするものを挙げることができるが、特にこれらに限定されるものではない。なお、本発明で使用するアラビアガムは商業的に入手可能することができる。
【0012】
アラビアガムを含有する安定剤をヨーグルト等の発酵乳食品に添加すると、その安定性を低下させることなく、食感と外観を改良することができる。詳細には、発酵乳食品に求められる保型性、保水性を損なうことなく、口溶けのよい食感と滑らかで光沢のある外観とを有する発酵乳食品を調製できる。
【0013】
本発明の発酵乳食品用安定剤には、アラビアガムの他に、本発明の効果に影響を与えない限度において、他の安定剤を併用することが出来る。例えば、カラギナン、加工ユーケマ藻類、寒天、ファーセレラン、アルギン酸類(アルギン酸、アルギン酸塩)、ローメトキシルペクチン(LMペクチン)、ハイメトキシルペクチン(HMペクチン)、グアガム、タラガム、ローカストビーンガム、タマリンドガム、サイリウムシードガム、水溶性大豆多糖類、サバクヨモギシードガム、グルコマンナン、でん粉、化工でん粉、加工でん粉、デキストリン、脱アシル型ジェランガム、ネイティブ型ジェランガム、キサンタンガム、プルラン、カードラン、ラムザンガム、ウェランガム、マクロホモプシスガム、発酵セルロース、トラガントガム、カラヤガム、ガティガム、微結晶セルロース、微小繊維状セルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース塩、メチルセルロース、キチン、キトサン、ゼラチン等を挙げることができる。
【0014】
発酵乳食品では、発酵乳に果肉やフルーツジャム等の不溶性固形分を添加して、製品の差別化や嗜好性向上を図る場合が多い。これら副材に含まれる不溶性固形分を、発酵乳中に均一に分散および保持する場合には、アラビアガムを含有する安定剤に、LMペクチンやHMペクチンを併用することが好ましく、アラビアガムと混合して、発酵乳食品用安定剤を調製することができる。ペクチンのエステル化度としては、LMペクチンの場合、DE値25〜48を、HMペクチンの場合、DE値60〜75を例示することができる。このとき、アラビアガムとペクチン(LMおよびHM)の配合比率として、アラビアガム:ペクチン=15:85〜50:50、好ましくは20:80〜40:60、更に好ましくは25:75〜35:65を挙げることができる。なお、アラビアガムとペクチンとを併用した発酵乳食品用安定剤は、商業上入手することができ、例えば、三栄源エフ・エフ・アイ株式会社製の、ゲルアップ[商標]YO−26、ゲルアップ[商標]YO−27、ゲルアップ[商標]YO−28などを挙げることができる。
【0015】
本発明の発酵乳食品用安定剤には、その効果を妨げない範囲において、他にL−アスパラギン酸ナトリウム等のアミノ酸またはその塩、5’−イノシン酸二ナトリウム等の核酸またはその塩、クエン酸一カリウム等の有機酸またはその塩、および塩化カリウム等の無機塩類に代表される調味料;カラシ抽出物、ワサビ抽出物、およびコウジ酸等の日持向上剤;シラコたん白抽出物、ポリリシン、およびソルビン酸等の保存料;α、βアミラーゼ、α、βグルコシダ−ゼ、パパイン等の酵素;クエン酸、フマル酸、コハク酸等のpH調整剤;ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、有機酸モノグリセリド、レシチン等の乳化剤;香料;β−カロチン、アナトー色素等の着色料;膨張剤;乳清たん白質、大豆たん白質等のたん白質;砂糖、果糖、ブドウ糖、水飴、還元水飴、はちみつ、異性化糖、転化糖、オリゴ糖(イソマルトオリゴ糖、還元キシロオリゴ糖、還元ゲンチオオリゴ糖、キシロオリゴ糖、ゲンチオオリゴ糖、ニゲロオリゴ糖、テアンデオリゴ糖、大豆オリゴ糖等)、トレハロース、糖アルコール(マルチトール、エリスリトール、ソルビトール、パラチニット、キシリトール、ラクチトール等)、砂糖結合水飴(カップリングシュガー)、アスパルテーム、アセスルファムカリウム、スクラロース、アリテーム、ネオテーム、カンゾウ抽出物(グリチルリチン)、サッカリン、サッカリンナトリウム、ステビア抽出物、ステビア末、ソーマチン等の甘味料;ビタミンA、ビタミンC、ビタミンE、ビタミンK等のビタミン類;鉄、カルシウム等のミネラル類等を添加することができる。
【0016】
また、複数の素材を混合して本発明の発酵乳食品用安定剤を調製する場合、その製造法は上記成分を含むものであれば特に制限されず、例えば(1)リボンミキサーやVブレンダーを用いて粉体で混合する方法、(2)水中で加熱することによって溶解、均一分散させ液状とする方法、(3)別々に溶液を調製し、使用時に混合する方法、(4)溶液化したものをスプレードライ等により分散粉末化する方法、(5)粉体で混合し、プレス機で圧縮することにより打錠し、錠剤状にする方法、および(6)溶液化したものを造粒機により、顆粒化して使用する方法等が挙げられる。
【0017】
2.発酵乳食品および製造法
本発明の発酵乳食品は、アラビアガムを含有することを特徴とする。アラビアガムを発酵乳食品に添加することにより、本来の安定性を低下させることなく、発酵乳食品に求められる保型性、保水性を損なうことなく、口溶けのよい食感と滑らかで光沢のある外観とを有する発酵乳食品を調製することができる。ここで、アラビアガムの添加量として、発酵乳食品中0.01〜5重量%、好ましくは0.05〜3重量%、更に好ましくは、0.1〜1重量%を挙げることができる。
【0018】
発酵乳食品では、発酵乳に果肉やフルーツジャムを添加して、製品の差別化や嗜好性向上を図る場合が多い。これら副材に含まれる不溶性固形分を、発酵乳中に均一に分散および保持する目的では、LMペクチンやHMペクチンを併用することが好ましく、アラビアガムと併用することができる。ペクチンのエステル化度としては、LMペクチンの場合、DE値25〜48を、HMペクチンの場合、DE値60〜75を例示することができる。このとき、ペクチン(LMおよびHM)の添加量として、発酵乳食品中0.01〜3重量%、好ましくは0.1〜1重量%、更に好ましくは0.2〜0.5重量%を挙げることができる。
【0019】
本発明の発酵乳食品はアラビアガムを含有することを特徴とするが、前記発酵乳食品用安定剤を使用することができ、アラビアガム及び必要に応じてペクチンを前述の添加量となるように添加することができる。
【0020】
本発明の発酵乳食品は、主成分に加えて添加成分としてアラビアガムを含むものであればよい。つまり、アラビアガムは、発酵前の調乳液に直接添加してもよいし、溶液状に調製したものを発酵乳と混合してもよいが、アラビアガムを含有する安定剤溶液を調製し、発酵乳と混合する後者の方が好ましい。後者の場合、アラビアガムを含む安定剤溶液の調製法として、アラビアガムの8〜10倍量の水に安定剤を添加し、75〜90℃ 5〜15分間程度の加熱溶解を行う方法を例示することができる。また、アラビアガムを含有する安定剤を、水あめや糖アルコールなどの液糖と混合してから水を加えて、加熱溶解することもできる。発酵乳と安定剤溶液を混合する際、両者の品温を同等の温度、好ましくは、10〜25℃)に合わせて添加することが好ましい。
【0021】
即ち、アラビアガムを含有する安定剤溶液と発酵乳を混合する場合、具体的には以下の方法を例示することができるが、該溶液と発酵乳を均一に混合することができれば以下の方法に限定されない。
(1)予め混合した砂糖、脱脂粉乳、全脂粉乳および乳清たんぱくを、脱イオン水と牛乳の混合液に添加し、撹拌しながら70℃まで加熱する。
(2)70℃で5分間撹拌溶解し、70℃で均質化(14.7MPa)する。
(3)均質化後の調乳液を90℃まで加熱し、撹拌しながら10分間殺菌する。
(4)殺菌後40℃まで冷却し、スターターを添加して40℃で静置培養する。pH4.5になるまで発酵させた後、20℃まで冷却する。
(5)アラビアガムを含む安定剤を脱イオン水に添加し、攪拌しながら90℃ 10分間溶解する。その後、20℃まで冷却する。
(6)(4)で調製した発酵乳と、(6)で調製した安定剤溶液を20℃で攪拌混合する。カップ充填後、4℃で一晩保存して、ヨーグルトを調製する。
【0022】
発酵乳を充填する容器としては、流通や小売りに一般的に用いられているものであれば特に制限はなく、例えば、プラスチック製、紙製、ガラス製、金属製、陶器製或いはその複合材料からなる容器を用いることができる。また、容器は常法により密封包装し、流通することが好ましい。
【0023】
本発明により、発酵乳食品に求められる保型性、保水性を損なうことなく、口溶けのよい食感と滑らかで光沢のある外観とを有する発酵乳食品が提供できるようになった。
【0024】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の内容を以下の実施例、比較例等を用いて具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらに何ら限定されるものではない。なお、文中、「部」は「重量部」とし、「*」は三栄源エフ・エフ・アイ株式会社製・「※」は三栄源エフ・エフ・アイ株式会社の登録商標であることを示す。
【0025】
実験例1:ソフトヨーグルトの調製
(1) 発酵乳の調製
下記発酵乳処方に示す配合割合に従って発酵乳を調製した。具体的には、脱イオン水と牛乳の混合液に、予め十分に混合しておいたグラニュー糖、脱脂粉乳、全脂粉乳および乳清たんぱくの粉体混合物を添加し、撹拌しながら70℃まで加熱した。これを70℃に保持したまま14.7MPaで均質化した後、90℃で10分間加熱殺菌し、8℃の恒温水槽で40℃まで攪拌冷却した。次に、予めベース乳中に分散させたスターターを接種し、40℃で約5時間培養した。pH4.5に達した時点で培養を終了し、得られたヨーグルトカードを8℃の恒温水槽で20℃まで撹拌冷却した。得られた発酵乳を20℃で保持した(発酵乳100重量%中、無脂乳固形分:10.7重量%、乳脂肪分:2.9重量%)。
【0026】

Figure 2004305071
【0027】
(2) 安定剤溶液の調製
表1に示す処方に従って安定剤溶液を調製した。具体的には、常温の脱イオン水に多糖類を添加し、90℃10分間加熱後、20℃まで冷却し、同一温度で保持した。なお、HMペクチンはDE値72のものを使用した。
【0028】
【表1】
Figure 2004305071
【0029】
(3) ソフトヨーグルトの調製
(1)で調製した発酵乳と(2)で調製した安定剤溶液(実施例a〜g、比較例a〜k)を、92:8の配合比率で混合後、冷却し、ソフトヨーグルト(実施例a〜g、比較例a〜k)を調製した。
【0030】
具体的には、(1)で調製した発酵乳に、(2)で調製したゲル化剤溶液を徐々に加え、プロペラ式攪拌機により1,000rpm、5分間攪拌した(温度20℃)。これを直径6cm、深さ4cmのプラスチック製カップに約100g充填、4℃で冷蔵保存してソフトヨーグルト(無脂乳固形分:8.6重量%、乳脂肪分:2.3重量%)を調製した。
【0031】
(4) ソフトヨーグルトの評価
調製1日後に、ソフトヨーグルトの食感(口どけ感)、外観(光沢)、保形性、および保水性について評価した。なお、各評価項目とも5段階(1: 悪い、2: やや悪い、3: やや良い、4: 良い、5: 非常に良い)で評価した。結果を表2に示す。
【0032】
【表2】
Figure 2004305071
【0033】
大豆多糖類やプルラン使用品と比べて、ソフトヨーグルトにアラビアガムを使用すると、保形性、保水性を損なうことなく、口溶けの良好なヨーグルトができた。更には、アラビアガムを安定剤溶液中2〜12.5部(最終ソフトヨーグルト中0.16〜1重量%)添加した実施例b〜fのソフトヨーグルトは、食感及び外観において更に良好な効果を有するソフトヨーグルトとなった。
【0034】
実験例2:アロエベラ果肉分散ソフトヨーグルト
(1) 発酵乳食品用安定剤の調製
ペクチン、アラビアガム、タマリンドガム、およびマルトデキストリン(DE10)を表3に示す配合割合で粉体混合し、本発明の発酵乳食品用安定剤(実施例h(ゲルアップ※YO−26*); 実施例i(ゲルアップ※YO−27*);実施例j(ゲルアップ※YO−28*);実施例k)を調製した。
【0035】
【表3】
Figure 2004305071
【0036】
(2) 発酵乳の調製
下記処方に示す配合割合に従って発酵乳を調製した。具体的には、脱イオン水と牛乳の混合液に、予め十分に混合しておいたグラニュー糖、脱脂粉乳、全脂粉乳および乳清たんぱくの粉体混合物を添加し、撹拌しながら70℃まで加熱した。これを70℃に保持したまま14.7MPaで均質化した後、90℃で10分間加熱殺菌し、8℃の恒温水槽で40℃まで攪拌冷却した。次に、予めベース乳中に分散させたスターターを接種し、40℃で約5時間培養した。pH4.5に達した時点で培養を終了し、得られたヨーグルトカードを8℃の恒温水槽で20℃まで撹拌冷却した。得られた発酵乳を20℃で保持した(発酵乳100重量%中、無脂乳固形分:10.7重量%、乳脂肪分:2.9重量%)。
【0037】
Figure 2004305071
【0038】
(3) 果肉(アロエベラ)の調製
市販のシラップ漬けのアロエを約3〜5mmにカットし、90℃ 10分間加熱殺菌した。
【0039】
(4) 安定剤溶液の調製
常温の脱イオン水に表4に示す安定剤(組成物)を濃度10%になるように添加し、90℃10分間加熱後、20℃まで冷却し、同一温度で保持した。
【0040】
(5) ソフトヨーグルトの調製
以下に示した処方に従い、(2)で調製した発酵乳に、(3)で調製した果肉(アロエベラ)、(4)で調製した安定剤溶液および香料を加え、プロペラ式攪拌機により1,000rpm、5分間攪拌した(温度20℃)。これを直径6cm、深さ4cmのプラスチック製カップに約100g充填、4℃で冷蔵保存してソフトヨーグルト(無脂乳固形分:8.6重量%、乳脂肪分:2.3重量%)を調製した。
【0041】
Figure 2004305071
【0042】
(6) ソフトヨーグルトの評価
調製1日後に、ソフトヨーグルトの食感(口どけ感)、外観(光沢)、果肉の分散性、保形性、および保水性について評価した。なお、各評価項目とも5段階(1: 悪い、2: やや悪い、3: やや良い、4: 良い、5: 非常に良い)で評価した。結果を表4に示す。
【0043】
【表4】
Figure 2004305071
【0044】
アロエベラ果肉入りヨーグルトにおいても、ヨーグルト中アラビアガムを使用することで、保形性や保水性は良好に保ったまま、口溶けの良い食感や光沢のある外観を有するヨーグルトとすることができた。なお、ヨーグルト中にアロエベラ果肉を良好に分散するには、アラビアガムにペクチンを併用することが有効であった。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to fermented milk foods such as yogurt. More specifically, the present invention relates to a fermented milk food having a mouth-melting texture and a smooth and glossy appearance without impairing the shape retention and water retention required for the fermented milk food, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in the production of fermented milk foods such as yogurt, stabilizers such as pectin, carrageenan, agar, gelatin, alginate, and starch have been used for the purpose of quality improvement.
[0003]
For example, a method for preparing sterilized yogurt by adding high methoxyl pectin, κ-carrageenan, and locust bean gum to a yogurt milk preparation liquid before fermentation and heat-sterilizing after fermentation (Patent Document 1), pectin and a calcium binder A method of preparing a set-type hard yogurt after heat-shock-treating fermented milk to which acid has been added and adding a gelling agent such as agar or gelatin to suppress an increase in acidity during storage and during the distribution process (Patent Document 2) ), A method of imparting richness and smoothness to fermented milk using one or more calcium-binding gums selected from the group consisting of alginate, carrageenan and pectin (Patent Document 3) And a method of imparting a soft and creamy texture to fermented milk using a chemically modified starch (Patent Document 4) is known. To have.
[0004]
However, when these stabilizers are added to fermented milk, there are drawbacks in that the texture is heavy and pasty, the mouthfeel is poor, and the flavor release is reduced.
[0005]
In developing new products for fermented milk, texture is often regarded as important. In other words, although the need to create a new texture while maintaining the stability that fermented milk should have is very high, no concrete measures to solve it have been presented at present. It is.
[0006]
[Patent Literature 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 63-20491 [Patent Literature 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-121773 [Patent Literature 3] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-133940 [Patent Literature 4] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-276068 [ [0007]
The present invention has been developed in view of such circumstances, and in fermented milk foods such as yogurt, foods with a good oral dissolution without reducing the stability originally required for fermented milk foods such as shape retention and water retention. An object of the present invention is to provide a fermented milk food stabilizer, a fermented milk food, and a method for producing the same, which have a feeling and a smooth and glossy appearance.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of the above problems of the prior art, the present inventors have made intensive studies with particular attention on stabilizers added to fermented milk foods, and by adding gum arabic as a stabilizer for fermented milk foods. It has been found that a fermented milk food having a mouth-melting texture and a smooth and glossy appearance can be obtained without impairing the shape retention and water retention required for the fermented milk food.
Further, in the fermented milk food, by containing a specific ratio of gum arabic, has a better texture, appearance, and further, by mixing the stabilizer solution containing gum arabic and fermented milk, such a It has been found that fermented milk foods exhibiting good effects can be produced.
[0009]
That is, the present invention is as follows:
Item 1. A stabilizer for fermented milk foods, comprising gum arabic.
Item 2. Fermented milk food containing gum arabic.
Item 3. Item 3. The fermented milk food according to item 2, comprising gum arabic at a ratio of 0.01 to 5% by weight.
Item 4. Item 4. The method for producing fermented milk food according to item 2 or 3, wherein a stabilizer solution containing gum arabic and fermented milk are mixed.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
1. Stabilizer for Fermented Milk Food The stabilizer for fermented milk food of the present invention is characterized by containing gum arabic. The fermented milk of the present invention includes sour milk, yogurt, fermented butter milk, acidophilus milk, squeal, lactic acid fermentation mainly containing lactic acid fermentation such as ttete, and the like; Includes fermented alcoholic milk, a fermented product. Preferably, it is an acid milk mainly composed of lactic acid fermentation, and more preferably, yogurt. The type of yogurt is not particularly limited, and includes known types, for example, plain yogurt, hard yogurt, soft yogurt, drink yogurt (liquid yogurt), yogurt dessert, frozen yogurt, etc., but preferably include soft yogurt. Can be.
[0011]
Gum arabic used in the present invention is a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide contained in the sap of a legume Acacia plant. Although the molecular structure of gum arabic has not been elucidated, it is known that galactose, arabinose, rhamnose and glucuronic acid are constituent sugars, and contains a small amount (<2%) of protein. The average molecular weight is reported to be 200,000 to 580,000. In the food industry, it is widely used as a coating agent for confectionery, a beverage emulsifier, and a brightener for bakery foods. Examples thereof include those derived from Acacia Senegal and Acacia seyal , but are not particularly limited thereto. Not something. The gum arabic used in the present invention can be obtained commercially.
[0012]
When a stabilizer containing gum arabic is added to fermented milk foods such as yogurt, the texture and appearance can be improved without lowering the stability. Specifically, it is possible to prepare a fermented milk food having a mouth-melting texture and a smooth and glossy appearance without impairing the shape retention and water retention required for the fermented milk food.
[0013]
In addition to gum arabic, other stabilizers can be used in combination with the stabilizer for fermented milk food of the present invention as long as the effects of the present invention are not affected. For example, carrageenan, processed Euchema algae, agar, phaceleran, alginic acids (alginic acid, alginate), low methoxyl pectin (LM pectin), high methoxyl pectin (HM pectin), guar gum, cod gum, locust bean gum, tamarind gum, psyllium seed Gum, water-soluble soy polysaccharide, mugwort seed gum, glucomannan, starch, chemically modified starch, processed starch, dextrin, deacylated gellan gum, native gellan gum, xanthan gum, pullulan, curdlan, ramzan gum, welan gum, macrohomopsis gum, Fermented cellulose, tragacanth gum, karaya gum, gati gum, microcrystalline cellulose, microfibrous cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose salt, methyl cellulose, chitin, chitosan, And the like can be given Lachin.
[0014]
In fermented milk foods, insoluble solids such as pulp and fruit jam are often added to fermented milk to differentiate products and improve palatability. In order to uniformly disperse and maintain the insoluble solids contained in these auxiliary materials in fermented milk, it is preferable to use LM pectin or HM pectin in combination with a gum arabic-containing stabilizer, and mix with gum arabic. Thus, a stabilizer for fermented milk food can be prepared. Examples of the degree of esterification of pectin include a DE value of 25 to 48 for LM pectin and a DE value of 60 to 75 for HM pectin. At this time, as a blending ratio of gum arabic and pectin (LM and HM), gum arabic: pectin = 15: 85 to 50:50, preferably 20:80 to 40:60, more preferably 25:75 to 35:65. Can be mentioned. In addition, the stabilizer for fermented milk foods which used gum arabic and pectin together can be obtained commercially, for example, a gel-up [trademark] YO-26, a gel made by Saneigen FFI Co., Ltd. UP [trademark] YO-27, gel-up [trademark] YO-28, and the like.
[0015]
The stabilizer for fermented milk foods of the present invention may further include an amino acid such as sodium L-aspartate or a salt thereof, a nucleic acid such as 5'-inosinate, or a salt thereof, or citric acid, as long as the effect is not impaired. Seasonings represented by organic acids such as monopotassium or salts thereof, and inorganic salts such as potassium chloride; mustard extract, wasabi extract, and retention agent such as kojic acid; silako protein extract, polylysine; And sorbic acid and other preservatives; enzymes such as α, β-amylase, α, β-glucosidase, and papain; pH regulators such as citric acid, fumaric acid, and succinic acid; sucrose fatty acid esters, glycerin fatty acid esters, and organic acids Emulsifiers such as monoglyceride and lecithin; flavoring agents; coloring agents such as β-carotene and annatto pigment; swelling agents; proteins such as whey protein and soy protein; Fructose, glucose, starch syrup, reduced starch syrup, honey, isomerized sugar, invert sugar, oligosaccharide (isomaltooligosaccharide, reduced xylo-oligosaccharide, reduced gentio-oligosaccharide, xylo-oligosaccharide, gentio-oligosaccharide, nigello-oligosaccharide, theanderoligosaccharide, soybean oligosaccharide, etc.) , Trehalose, sugar alcohols (maltitol, erythritol, sorbitol, palatinit, xylitol, lactitol, etc.), sugar-bound starch syrup (coupling sugar), aspartame, acesulfame potassium, sucralose, alitame, neotame, licorice extract (glycyrrhizin), saccharin, Sweeteners such as saccharin sodium, stevia extract, stevia powder and thaumatin; vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K; minerals such as iron and calcium Can be added.
[0016]
When a plurality of ingredients are mixed to prepare the stabilizer for fermented milk food of the present invention, the production method is not particularly limited as long as it contains the above components. For example, (1) a ribbon mixer or a V blender may be used. (2) a method of dissolving, uniformly dispersing by heating in water to make a liquid, (3) a method of preparing solutions separately and mixing them at the time of use, and (4) a solution. A method of dispersing and powdering the product by spray drying or the like, (5) a method of mixing with powder, compressing with a press to form a tablet, and (6) a solution-forming granulator. And a method of granulating and using.
[0017]
2. Fermented milk food and manufacturing method The fermented milk food of the present invention is characterized by containing gum arabic. By adding gum arabic to fermented milk foods, without lowering the original stability, without impairing the shape retention and water retention required for fermented milk foods, it has a good mouth-melting texture and smooth and glossy A fermented milk food having an appearance can be prepared. Here, the added amount of gum arabic may be 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 3% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight in the fermented milk food.
[0018]
In fermented milk foods, pulp and fruit jam are often added to fermented milk to differentiate products and improve palatability. For the purpose of uniformly dispersing and maintaining the insoluble solids contained in these auxiliary materials in fermented milk, it is preferable to use LM pectin or HM pectin together, and it is possible to use it together with gum arabic. Examples of the degree of esterification of pectin include a DE value of 25 to 48 for LM pectin and a DE value of 60 to 75 for HM pectin. At this time, the added amount of pectin (LM and HM) is 0.01 to 3% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight, more preferably 0.2 to 0.5% by weight in the fermented milk food. be able to.
[0019]
Although the fermented milk food of the present invention is characterized by containing gum arabic, the stabilizer for fermented milk food can be used, and the gum arabic and, if necessary, pectin are added in the above-described amounts. Can be added.
[0020]
The fermented milk food of the present invention may contain gum arabic as an additional component in addition to the main component. In other words, gum arabic may be added directly to the milk preparation before fermentation, or may be prepared as a solution and mixed with fermented milk, but a stabilizer solution containing gum arabic is prepared and fermented. The latter, which mixes with milk, is preferred. In the latter case, as a method for preparing a stabilizer solution containing gum arabic, for example, a method in which a stabilizer is added to 8 to 10 times the amount of water of gum arabic and heat-dissolved at 75 to 90 ° C. for about 5 to 15 minutes is exemplified. can do. Alternatively, a stabilizer containing gum arabic may be mixed with liquid sugar such as starch syrup or sugar alcohol, and then water may be added to dissolve it by heating. When mixing the fermented milk and the stabilizer solution, it is preferable to add the two according to the same temperature, preferably 10 to 25 ° C.).
[0021]
That is, when mixing the stabilizer solution containing gum arabic and fermented milk, the following method can be specifically exemplified, but if the solution and fermented milk can be uniformly mixed, the following method is used. Not limited.
(1) Add premixed sugar, skim milk powder, whole milk powder and whey protein to a mixture of deionized water and milk and heat to 70 ° C. with stirring.
(2) Stir and dissolve at 70 ° C for 5 minutes, and homogenize (14.7 MPa) at 70 ° C.
(3) The milk preparation after homogenization is heated to 90 ° C. and sterilized for 10 minutes while stirring.
(4) After sterilization, the mixture is cooled to 40 ° C, a starter is added, and the mixture is incubated at 40 ° C. After fermenting to pH 4.5, cool to 20 ° C.
(5) Add a stabilizer containing gum arabic to the deionized water and dissolve at 90 ° C. for 10 minutes with stirring. Then, it cools to 20 degreeC.
(6) The fermented milk prepared in (4) and the stabilizer solution prepared in (6) are stirred and mixed at 20 ° C. After filling the cup, store at 4 ° C. overnight to prepare yogurt.
[0022]
The container for filling the fermented milk is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used for distribution and retailing. For example, plastic, paper, glass, metal, ceramic or composite materials thereof Can be used. Further, it is preferable that the container is hermetically sealed and distributed by a conventional method.
[0023]
According to the present invention, it has become possible to provide a fermented milk food having a mouth-melting texture and a smooth and glossy appearance without impairing the shape retention and water retention required for the fermented milk food.
[0024]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the content of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the following Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these. In the description, "parts" is "parts by weight", and "*" indicates that it is a registered trademark of Saneigen FFI Co., Ltd. "*" indicates that it is a registered trademark of Sanei Gen FFI Co., Ltd. .
[0025]
Experimental Example 1: Preparation of soft yogurt (1) Preparation of fermented milk Fermented milk was prepared according to the mixing ratio shown in the following fermented milk formula. Specifically, to a mixed solution of deionized water and milk, a powder mixture of granulated sugar, skim milk powder, whole milk powder and whey protein, which have been sufficiently mixed in advance, is added to 70 ° C. while stirring. Heated. This was homogenized at 14.7 MPa while maintaining it at 70 ° C., sterilized by heating at 90 ° C. for 10 minutes, and stirred and cooled to 40 ° C. in an 8 ° C. constant temperature water bath. Next, a starter previously dispersed in the base milk was inoculated and cultured at 40 ° C. for about 5 hours. When the pH reached 4.5, the culture was terminated, and the obtained yogurt curd was stirred and cooled to 20 ° C in an 8 ° C constant temperature water bath. The obtained fermented milk was kept at 20 ° C. (100% by weight of fermented milk, non-fat milk solids: 10.7% by weight, milk fat: 2.9% by weight).
[0026]
Figure 2004305071
[0027]
(2) Preparation of stabilizer solution A stabilizer solution was prepared according to the formulation shown in Table 1. Specifically, the polysaccharide was added to deionized water at normal temperature, heated at 90 ° C. for 10 minutes, cooled to 20 ° C., and kept at the same temperature. The HM pectin used had a DE value of 72.
[0028]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004305071
[0029]
(3) Preparation of soft yogurt The fermented milk prepared in (1) and the stabilizer solution prepared in (2) (Examples a to g, Comparative examples a to k) were mixed at a compounding ratio of 92: 8. After cooling, soft yogurt (Examples a to g, Comparative Examples a to k) was prepared.
[0030]
Specifically, the gelling agent solution prepared in (2) was gradually added to the fermented milk prepared in (1), and the mixture was stirred at 1,000 rpm for 5 minutes with a propeller stirrer (temperature: 20 ° C.). About 100 g of this was filled into a plastic cup having a diameter of 6 cm and a depth of 4 cm, and refrigerated at 4 ° C. to give soft yogurt (solid content of non-fat milk: 8.6% by weight, milk fat content: 2.3% by weight). Prepared.
[0031]
(4) Evaluation of Soft Yogurt One day after preparation, the soft yogurt was evaluated for texture (mouth feel), appearance (gloss), shape retention and water retention. In addition, each evaluation item evaluated in five steps (1: bad, 2: somewhat bad, 3: somewhat good, 4: good, 5: very good). Table 2 shows the results.
[0032]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004305071
[0033]
The use of gum arabic in soft yogurt compared with soybean polysaccharides and products using pullulan produced yogurt with good mouth melting without impairing shape retention and water retention. Furthermore, the soft yogurts of Examples b to f, in which gum arabic was added in an amount of 2 to 12.5 parts in the stabilizer solution (0.16 to 1% by weight in the final soft yogurt), had better effects on texture and appearance. Soft yogurt having
[0034]
Experimental Example 2: Aloe vera pulp-dispersed soft yogurt (1) Preparation of stabilizer for fermented milk food Pectin, gum arabic, tamarind gum, and maltodextrin (DE10) were powder-mixed at the compounding ratio shown in Table 3 to obtain the present invention. Stabilizer for fermented milk food (Example h (gel-up * YO-26 *); Example i (gel-up * YO-27 *); Example j (gel-up * YO-28 *); Example k) Was prepared.
[0035]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004305071
[0036]
(2) Preparation of fermented milk Fermented milk was prepared according to the mixing ratio shown in the following formulation. Specifically, to a mixed solution of deionized water and milk, a powder mixture of granulated sugar, skim milk powder, whole milk powder and whey protein, which have been sufficiently mixed in advance, is added to 70 ° C. while stirring. Heated. This was homogenized at 14.7 MPa while maintaining it at 70 ° C., sterilized by heating at 90 ° C. for 10 minutes, and stirred and cooled to 40 ° C. in an 8 ° C. constant temperature water bath. Next, a starter previously dispersed in the base milk was inoculated and cultured at 40 ° C. for about 5 hours. When the pH reached 4.5, the culture was terminated, and the obtained yogurt curd was stirred and cooled to 20 ° C in an 8 ° C constant temperature water bath. The obtained fermented milk was kept at 20 ° C. (100% by weight of fermented milk, non-fat milk solids: 10.7% by weight, milk fat: 2.9% by weight).
[0037]
Figure 2004305071
[0038]
(3) Preparation of pulp (aloe vera) A commercially available syrup-soaked aloe was cut into about 3 to 5 mm, and sterilized by heating at 90 ° C for 10 minutes.
[0039]
(4) Preparation of stabilizer solution The stabilizer (composition) shown in Table 4 was added to deionized water at room temperature to a concentration of 10%, heated at 90 ° C for 10 minutes, cooled to 20 ° C, and cooled to the same temperature. Held in.
[0040]
(5) Preparation of soft yogurt According to the following recipe, the pulp (aloe vera) prepared in (3), the stabilizer solution prepared in (4) and a flavoring agent are added to the fermented milk prepared in (2), and a propeller The mixture was stirred with a stirrer at 1,000 rpm for 5 minutes (temperature: 20 ° C.). About 100 g of this was filled into a plastic cup having a diameter of 6 cm and a depth of 4 cm, and refrigerated at 4 ° C. to give soft yogurt (solid content of non-fat milk: 8.6% by weight, milk fat content: 2.3% by weight). Prepared.
[0041]
Figure 2004305071
[0042]
(6) Evaluation of Soft Yogurt One day after preparation, the soft yogurt was evaluated for texture (mouth feel), appearance (gloss), pulp dispersibility, shape retention, and water retention. In addition, each evaluation item evaluated in five steps (1: bad, 2: somewhat bad, 3: somewhat good, 4: good, 5: very good). Table 4 shows the results.
[0043]
[Table 4]
Figure 2004305071
[0044]
Even in the yogurt containing aloe vera pulp, by using gum arabic in the yogurt, it was possible to obtain a yogurt having a good mouth-melting texture and a glossy appearance while maintaining good shape retention and water retention. In addition, in order to disperse the aloe vera pulp in yogurt well, it was effective to use pectin in combination with gum arabic.

Claims (4)

アラビアガムを含有することを特徴とする発酵乳食品用安定剤。A stabilizer for fermented milk foods, comprising gum arabic. アラビアガムを含有することを特徴とする発酵乳食品。A fermented milk food containing gum arabic. アラビアガムを0.01〜5重量%の割合で含む、請求項2に記載の発酵乳食品。The fermented milk food according to claim 2, comprising gum arabic at a ratio of 0.01 to 5% by weight. アラビアガムを含有する安定剤溶液と発酵乳とを混合することを特徴とする、請求項2又は3に記載の発酵乳食品の製造法。The method for producing fermented milk food according to claim 2 or 3, wherein a stabilizer solution containing gum arabic and fermented milk are mixed.
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JP2007159573A (en) * 2005-11-18 2007-06-28 Sanei Gen Ffi Inc Emulsion stabilizer for milk-containing beverage
JP2007159574A (en) * 2005-11-18 2007-06-28 Sanei Gen Ffi Inc New application of rhamsan gum
JP2007159565A (en) * 2005-11-18 2007-06-28 Sanei Gen Ffi Inc Fermented milk food stabilizer, fermented milk food, and method for producing the food
JP2007259733A (en) * 2006-03-28 2007-10-11 Sanei Gen Ffi Inc Fermented milk food stabilizer and fermented milk food containing the stabilizer
JP2008099659A (en) * 2006-09-22 2008-05-01 Ina Food Ind Co Ltd Protective agent against environmental stress of microorganism, and fermented food and method for producing the same
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JP2007259733A (en) * 2006-03-28 2007-10-11 Sanei Gen Ffi Inc Fermented milk food stabilizer and fermented milk food containing the stabilizer
JP2008194024A (en) * 2006-06-30 2008-08-28 Ajinomoto Co Inc Process for producing starch-containing food, and enzyme preparation for modification of starch-containing food
JP2008099659A (en) * 2006-09-22 2008-05-01 Ina Food Ind Co Ltd Protective agent against environmental stress of microorganism, and fermented food and method for producing the same
RU2468589C2 (en) * 2006-12-20 2012-12-10 Компани Жервэ Данон Fermented food fibres based product and fermented product manufacture method
JP2010531651A (en) * 2007-06-29 2010-09-30 コンパニ・ジェルベ・ダノン Stable fruit preparation with high acacia gum concentration
JP2009082023A (en) * 2007-09-28 2009-04-23 Meiji Milk Prod Co Ltd Method for producing thick yoghurt
JP2010279253A (en) * 2009-06-02 2010-12-16 Sanei Gen Ffi Inc Fruit preparation
JP2013009681A (en) * 2012-09-12 2013-01-17 Meiji Co Ltd Method for manufacturing thickened yogurt
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