JP2004300438A - Method for extracting lipid from mushroom, and food and cosmetic - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for extracting lipid components in mushrooms efficiently, simply and with little impurities. <P>SOLUTION: The method for extracting lipids from mushrooms comprises extracting with an organic solvent from the residue remaining after extraction from the mushrooms with water. Preferably, the method for extracting lipids from mushrooms comprises extracting from the mushrooms with a mixture liquid of water with an organic solvent and then extracting from the obtained remaining residue with an organic solvent to obtain the extract. The extract containing lipids is obtained by the method. The extract containing lipid is efficiently and simply obtained from the mushrooms and the lipid content in the extract can be increased higher than that of conventional methods. As the lipids content of the lipid-containing extract obtained by the method is high and impurities are little, so further separation and purification of free sterol such as ergosterol, sterol glucoside, ceramide, cerebroside and useful lipids such as phospholipid are easy and the production cost is decreased. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for extracting lipids from mosses, and more particularly to a method for efficiently obtaining lipids from mosses. The present invention further relates to a lipid-containing extract obtained by the above method, and further to a food and a cosmetic containing the lipid-containing extract.

Mosses are widely used as food in Japan, but recently, their medicinal effects have attracted attention, and researches are being actively conducted on functionality such as antitumor effects and immune enhancement effects. For example, anti-tumor to polysaccharides with β-1,6 bonds as the main chain and 1,3 branched chains, or polysaccharides with β-1,3 bonds as the main chain, 1,6 branched chains It is known that there exists an effect | action and an immunostimulation effect | action (for example, refer patent document 1). In this document, hot water extraction is performed on maiko to extract the active ingredients.
In addition, as health foods, it is used as a drink for hot water extract of persimmon, and is also used as a powder, granule, etc. that are freeze-dried or spray-dried after the extract is concentrated under reduced pressure. These components are mainly extracted using water, and the extraction residue after collecting these components is currently discarded.

On the other hand, lipids are also contained in moss, and utilization of lipid components extracted from moss can be expected in the future. In addition to lipids, moss contains carbohydrates, amino acids, peptides, and the like. For example, a method for extracting from straw using a hydrophilic organic solvent such as methanol and ethanol is known (see, for example, Patent Documents 2 and 3). When extracted with a hydrophilic organic solvent such as ethanol, water-soluble components such as carbohydrates, amino acids, and peptides are also extracted, which causes a decrease in the lipid content in the extract.
Therefore, efficient extraction of lipids from moss is required, and further, it is required to increase the lipid content in the extract.

JP 59-210901 A JP 2001-163754 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-079949

  An object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently extracting a lipid component contained in mosses with less impurities. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for increasing the lipid content in extracts from moss. Another object of the present invention is to provide a food, a pet food and a cosmetic containing a lipid-containing extract obtained by the above method and expected to have functionality.

As a result of diligent studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors first extracted moss with water, or extracted moss with a mixed solution of water and an organic solvent, and recycle the residue with an organic solvent. By extracting, it discovered that the lipid was extracted efficiently and the extract containing a high concentration lipid was obtained, and came to complete this invention.
Therefore, the present invention is a method for extracting lipids from moss, characterized in that the residue obtained after water extraction of moss is extracted with an organic solvent to obtain an extract. The present invention also extracts lipids from moss, wherein the residue obtained after extraction of moss with a mixture of water and an organic solvent is extracted with an organic solvent to obtain an extract. Is the method.
According to the present invention, extra components such as carbohydrates, amino acids, peptides and the like are left in the moss while leaving the lipid components remaining in the moss by subjecting the moss to water extraction or extraction with a mixture of water and an organic solvent. Can be excluded.
Here, the extraction with water or a mixture of water and an organic solvent may be thermal extraction such as hot water extraction. The moss may be extracted with hot water to obtain antitumor components, umami seasonings, etc. In the present invention, the residue of the moss obtained after such hot water extraction is used to perform extraction with an organic solvent. Also good.

The lipid-containing extract obtained by the present invention contains free sterols such as ergosterol, sterol glycosides, ceramides, cerebrosides, phospholipids, and the like. Since these substances have been reported to have functions such as lowering cholesterol, promoting calcium absorption, and moisturizing, the above lipid-containing extracts may be eaten in powder form, processed foods, as seasonings, or incorporated into foods It is proposed to be used as an ingredient, a blending ingredient in pet food or livestock feed, and a blending ingredient in cosmetics.
Accordingly, the present invention is also directed to foods, pet foods or livestock feeds, and cosmetics containing the lipid-containing extract obtained by the method of the present invention.

  According to the method of the present invention, a lipid-containing extract can be obtained efficiently and simply from moss, and the lipid content in the extract can be increased more than the conventional method. The lipid-containing extract obtained by the method of the present invention is high in lipid content and low in impurities. This facilitates further separation and purification of useful lipids such as free sterols such as ergosterol, sterol glycosides, ceramides, cerebrosides, and phospholipids in the extract, leading to cost reduction of the product. It also leads to effective utilization of the residue of moss after water extraction.

The present invention will be described in detail below.
As the moss used in the method of the present invention, maiko, agaricus, enoki mushroom, shiitake mushroom, abalone mushroom, abalone mushroom, shimeji mushroom, hanabira mushroom, matsutake mushroom, yanagi matsutake mushroom, namako, mushroom, jellyfish, too mushroom, tuna Examples include edible moss selected from Gitake and Ganoderma. The fruit bodies and / or mycelium of these moss can be used. The part of the moss used for extraction may be any part such as an umbrella part, a stone bump, or a part that does not become a product.

In the method of the present invention, the extraction solvent in the extraction operation first applied to moss is water or a mixture of water and an organic solvent. The raw material for extraction is raw form as it is, or may be cut into an appropriate size, or a dried product may be used. Or it can be used in the cut | disconnected state or powder.
When a mixed liquid of water and an organic solvent is used as the extraction solvent, examples of the organic solvent to be used include ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and hexane. The content of the organic solvent in the mixed solution is generally up to 50% by volume, more preferably up to 40% by volume, preferably up to 30% by volume, more preferably up to 20% by volume.

When the moss as the raw material for extraction is dry moss, it is appropriate to use 2 to 30 times by volume of extraction solvent, preferably 10 to 20 times by volume of extraction solvent with respect to 1 part by mass of moss. Is used. When the moss is undried, it is appropriate to use 2 to 15 times by volume of extraction solvent, preferably 5 to 10 times by volume of extraction solvent, based on 1 part by mass of moss.
The extraction operation with water or a mixture of water and an organic solvent may be performed at normal pressure or at high pressure. The temperature of the extraction solvent is suitably from room temperature to about 135 ° C., and water extraction, hot water extraction, hot water extraction, extraction at room temperature using a mixture of water and an organic solvent, warm extraction, heat extraction, etc. It can be carried out. Moreover, stirring extraction, reflux extraction, immersion extraction, etc. are employable. Preferably, heat extraction is performed with water or a mixture of water and an organic solvent. The extraction time is suitably in the range of 10 minutes to 5 hours.
After the extraction is thus completed, the residue can be obtained by suitable filtration means such as suction filtration, filter press, cylinder press, decanter, centrifuge, filtration centrifuge and the like.

The residue after extraction is obtained as described above, and this residue may be in an undried state or in a dried state, and further subjected to organic solvent extraction.
Examples of the organic solvent used for the organic solvent extraction include ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and hexane. When the residue is undried, the amount of the solvent is appropriately 1 to 50 times by volume, preferably 2.5 to 20 times by volume, based on 1 part by mass of the undried moss residue. Moreover, when a residue is a dried material, 1-50 times volume part is suitable with respect to 1 mass part of dried moss residues, Preferably it is about 1-10 times volume part.
The extraction temperature is room temperature or higher, preferably 50 ° C. or higher. Actually, the extraction can be carried out while gradually raising the temperature. The extraction time is 1 to 10 hours, preferably 3 to 5 hours at the above room temperature.
The extraction operation can be selected from stirring extraction, reflux extraction, immersion extraction, batch operation, semi-continuous operation, countercurrent multistage contact operation, and the like.
The extraction operation is not limited to one time, and a fresh solvent can be added again to the extraction residue, and the extraction operation can be repeated.

Ethanol is preferred as the organic solvent used for the organic solvent extraction, and water-containing ethanol is more preferred. Among them, hydrous ethanol having an ethanol content of 70% by volume or more is suitable, preferably hydrous ethanol having an ethanol content of 70 to 95% by volume, and most preferably an ethanol content of 75 to 95% by volume.
After extraction with an organic solvent, an operation of separating the extract from the residue is performed. The separation method is not particularly limited, and known methods such as suction filtration, filter press, cylinder press, decanter, centrifuge, and filter centrifuge can be used.

The extract thus obtained can be used as it is depending on the solvent used. Further, the obtained extract can be concentrated by an appropriate concentration operation, for example, by a vacuum concentrator such as an evaporator, or by removing the solvent by heating, to obtain a concentrated solution. Further, it can be concentrated and dried to obtain a concentrated dried product. The concentrated dried product thus obtained is usually in the form of a brown solid fat.
In addition, the above extract and concentrate can be powdered by an appropriate powdering means. As the powdering means, for example, dextrin, cyclodextrin, lactose or the like can be used for spray drying.
As described above, the lipid-containing extract obtained in the present invention can be used in various forms such as an extract, a concentrated solution, a concentrated dried product, and a powder.

The lipid-containing extract from moss obtained by the method of the present invention can be used as a component of food and health food. For example, the lipid-containing extract can be encapsulated alone or in combination with other components, or can be made into tablets or granular supplements. In addition, it can be a component of various foods, the type of food is not particularly limited, for example, dressing, margarine, bread, cake, biscuits, noodles, various sauces, drinks, yogurt, chocolate, etc. Can be included in food.
Such a food can be produced according to a conventional method, and the lipid-containing extract obtained in the present invention can be blended at an appropriate stage of production.
The content of the lipid-containing extract in food is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.001 to 30% by mass based on the total mass of the food as the amount of the concentrated dried product of the extract, preferably Is 0.1 to 10% by mass.

Moreover, the lipid containing extract from the moss obtained by the method of the present invention can be used as a component of pet food or livestock feed. Here, pet food refers to food for pets of mammals such as dogs, cats, hamsters and squirrels. The feed for livestock includes the diet of birds and beasts raised by humans other than pets, and refers to diets such as cows, horses, pigs, and chickens. The form of pet food and livestock feed containing the lipid-containing extract is not particularly limited. For example, dry type, wet type, semi-moist type, biscuit type, sausage type, jerky type, powder , Granules, capsules and the like.
Such pet food and livestock feed can be produced in accordance with conventional methods according to various forms, and the lipid-containing extract may be appropriately blended during the production process.
The content of the lipid-containing extract in pet food or livestock feed is not particularly limited, but is 0.001 based on the total mass of pet food or livestock feed as the amount of the concentrated dried product of the extract. -30 mass% is suitable, Preferably it is 0.1-10 mass%.

Lipid-containing extracts from moss obtained by the method of the present invention can also be included in cosmetics. The cosmetic is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include emulsions, hand creams, lotions, essences, shampoos, rinses and facial cleansers.
Such cosmetics can be produced according to a conventional method, and the lipid-containing extract obtained in the present invention can be blended at an appropriate stage of production.
The content of the lipid-containing extract in cosmetics is suitably 0.001 to 30% by mass, preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass based on the total mass of the cosmetics as the amount of the concentrated and dried product of the extract. 10% by mass.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples.

[Extraction of lipid from maiko]
(1) Hot water extraction from 500 g of dried maiko (mainly parts that do not become stone bumps or products), the extract is filtered, and hydrous ethanol with an ethanol content of 90% by volume (hereinafter referred to as 90% ethanol) is obtained from the residue. To obtain an extract.
Specifically, 5000 ml of water was first added to 500 g of dried maiko and extracted at 100 ° C. for 1 hour. After separating the extract, the residue was dried, and after pulverizing the residue, 2500 ml of 90% ethanol was added and extracted at 70 ° C. for 3 hours. The extract was concentrated and dried with an evaporator to obtain 34 g of an extract substance (in the form of brown solid oil).

(2) As a reference example, an extract was obtained by extracting with 90% ethanol from 500 g of dried maiko (mainly parts that do not become stone bumps or products).
Specifically, 2500 ml of 90% ethanol was added to 500 g of dried maiko and extracted at 70 ° C. for 3 hours, and the extract was concentrated and dried with an evaporator to obtain 69 g of an extract (in the form of a brown solid fat).

Ether extraction method (standard method for analysis of fats and oils, edited by Japan Oil Chemistry Association, Japan Oil Chemistry Association, Showa) As of January 30, 1947, the lipid weight in the extract obtained from (1) above was 16 g, the lipid content was 47.1%, the lipid weight in the extract obtained from (2) above was 16 g, and the lipid content. Was 23.2%.
The extracts obtained from the above methods (1) and (2) contain almost the same amount of lipids, and by using the method (1), impurities in the extract are removed, which is the purpose. The lipid content could be increased.

[Extraction of lipids from shiitake mushrooms]
(1) First, hot water was extracted from 300 g of dried shiitake mushrooms, the extract was filtered, and the residue was extracted with 90% ethanol.
Specifically, firstly, 5000 ml of water is added to 300 g of dried shiitake mushrooms (parts that do not become stone bumps or products) and extracted at 100 ° C. for 1 hour. After separating the extract, the residue was dried, and 2500 ml of 90% ethanol was added to the residue and extracted at 70 ° C. for 3 hours. The extract was concentrated and dried with an evaporator to obtain 23 g of an extract substance (in the form of brown solid oil).

(2) As a reference example, it was extracted with 90% ethanol from 300 g of dried shiitake mushrooms (parts that do not become stone bumps or products).
Specifically, 2500 ml of 90% ethanol was added to 300 g of dried shiitake mushrooms, extracted at 70 ° C. for 3 hours, and the extract was concentrated and dried with an evaporator to obtain 28.3 g of an extracted substance (in the form of brown solid oil) .
The lipid weight and lipid content contained in the extract thus obtained were measured by the ether extraction method, which is a conventional method, and the lipid weight in the extract obtained from (1) was 9.7 g and the content was 42.2. %, The lipid weight in the extract obtained from (2) was 5.0 g, and the content was 17.7%.
By using the method (1), the lipid extraction efficiency was improved, impurities in the extract were removed, and the target lipid content could be increased.

[Extraction efficiency of lipid in each solvent]
Lipids were extracted from various dry organic solvents (90% ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, hexane) from 100 g of the residue dried after hot water extraction using maiko. After extraction at 70 ° C. for 3 hours, the mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated by an evaporator.
The amount of each extract and the amount of lipid were as shown in Table 1. The amount of lipid in the extract was measured by the conventional Bligh-Dyer method (Bligh, EG & Dyer, WJ (1959). Can. J. Biochem. Physiol., Vol. 37, p. 911).

  From the viewpoint of lipid weight, 90% ethanol was the best extractable. Subsequently, the order was ethyl acetate, acetone, and hexane. Since hexane is a non-polar solvent, the extraction efficiency of polar lipids is relatively poor, and ethyl acetate has a specific odor. Among these solvents, 90% ethanol and acetone are preferably used.

[Comparison of lipid extraction efficiency with different ethanol concentrations]
From the results of Example 3 above, it was revealed that 90% ethanol is preferable for lipid extraction from the hot water extraction residue of moss. Therefore, the ethanol concentration in water-containing ethanol was varied to examine the ethanol concentration at which lipids can be extracted most. The measurement results of the amount of extract and the amount of lipid when 100 g of hot water extraction residue dried product is extracted at 70 ° C. for 3 hours using hydrous ethanol having an ethanol content of 50 to 99.5% by volume are shown below. Lipid content was measured using the Bligh-Dyer method.
As a result, it was as follows.

  It can be seen that extraction efficiency is good with 70% or more of ethanol, and extraction with 70 to 95% ethanol is preferable.

[Extraction of lipid from maiko]
First, water or ethanol-containing water was used for hot extraction from Maiko, the extract was filtered, and the residue was extracted with 90% ethanol.
Specifically, 4000 ml of water or water containing ethanol at various concentrations of 5 to 50% by volume was added to 200 g of dried maiko (mainly a part that does not become a stone bump or a product), and extracted at 85 ° C. for 1 hour. After separating the extract, the residue was dried, and 2500 ml of 90% ethanol was added to the residue and extracted at 70 ° C. for 3 hours. The obtained extract was concentrated and dried with an evaporator to obtain an extract (in the form of brown solid fat).
The lipid weight and lipid content contained in each extract thus obtained were measured by a conventional ether method.
The results are as follows.

  In the above experiment, it was possible to extract a larger amount of lipid up to 20% by volume in the mixed solution of water and ethanol applied to Maiko than when water was used. When the ethanol content was 30% by volume or more, lipid components were lost in this step, and the lipid weight was reduced. From the viewpoint of the lipid content (%) in the extract, a high value is obtained in the range of the ethanol content of 5 to 10% by volume.

In the operation of Example 5 described above, the extraction operation was performed in the same manner except that extraction was first performed from Maiko using water or water containing 10% by volume of various organic solvents.
The measurement results were as follows.

  Rather than first extracting the maiko with water, it was possible to extract a larger amount of lipids by extraction with a mixture of water and various organic solvents. Further, from the viewpoint of the lipid content (%) in the extract, high values were obtained with ethanol and acetone.

Production of Potato Chips 3% by weight of the extract obtained in Example 1 (1) was added to salad oil containing 5% vitamin E, and the potato chips were fried with this oil.

Production of bread (croissant) A croissant was produced according to a conventional method with the following composition (unit: parts by mass).
Powerful powder 100.0
Unsalted butter 80.0
Dry yeast 2.0
Salt 3.0
Extracted substance obtained in Example 1 (1) 0.3
Vitamin E 0.1
Water 56.0

Manufacture of supplements Tablets were obtained using the following composition (unit: mass%) to obtain supplements as tablets.
Maltitol 35.0
Dextrin 20.0
Extracted material obtained in Example 1 (1) 15.0
Eggshell calcium 10.0
Dietary fiber 10.0
Vitamin mix 5.0
Sucrose fatty acid ester 5.0

Manufacture of snack-like pet food The composition was made with the following composition (unit: mass part).
Flour 60.0
Defatted soybean 10.0
Beef tallow 5.0
Meat meal 3.6
Vitamin and mineral mix 1.0
Sodium bicarbonate 0.2
Ammonium bicarbonate 0.2
Extracted substance obtained in Example 1 (1) 1.0
Vitamin E 0.5
Water 20.0
A dough was prepared according to the above composition by a conventional method, and after molding, it was roasted to obtain a biscuit-type snack food.

Manufacture of cosmetics (hand cream) A hand cream was manufactured according to a conventional method with the following composition (unit: mass%).
Isopropyl isostearate 8.0
Jojoba oil 6.0
Cetanol 8.0
Stearyl alcohol 2.0
Polyoxyethylene lauryl ether 1.5
Propylene glycol 6.0
Sorbitol 1.0
Extracted substance obtained in Example 1 (1) 0.5
Vitamin E 0.5
Fragrance Use appropriate amount of sterilized ionized water to make the total amount 100.0.

Claims (11)

  A method for extracting lipids from mosses, wherein the residue obtained after water extraction of moss is extracted with an organic solvent to obtain an extract.   A method for extracting lipids from moss, wherein the residue obtained after extraction of moss with a mixture of water and an organic solvent is extracted with an organic solvent to obtain an extract.   The method according to claim 2, wherein the organic solvent in the mixture of water and organic solvent is selected from ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and hexane.   The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the content of the organic solvent in the mixture of water and organic solvent is up to 50% by volume.   The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the organic solvent used for extraction with the organic solvent is selected from ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and hexane.   The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the organic solvent used for extraction with the organic solvent is hydrous ethanol having an ethanol content of 70% by volume or more.   Claims where the moss is selected from maiko, agaricus, enoki mushroom, shiitake mushroom, abalone mushroom, abalone mushroom, shimeji mushroom, hanabira mushroom, matsutake mushroom, yanagi matsutake mushroom, mashroom, jellyfish, jellyfish, too much mushroom, mushroom mushroom Item 7. The method according to any one of Items 1-6.   The lipid containing extract obtained by the method of any one of Claims 1-7.   A food containing the lipid-containing extract according to claim 8.   Pet food or livestock feed containing the lipid-containing extract according to claim 8.   A cosmetic comprising the lipid-containing extract according to claim 8.