JP2004300073A - Highly versatile spreading agent - Google Patents

Highly versatile spreading agent Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP2004300073A
JP2004300073A JP2003095667A JP2003095667A JP2004300073A JP 2004300073 A JP2004300073 A JP 2004300073A JP 2003095667 A JP2003095667 A JP 2003095667A JP 2003095667 A JP2003095667 A JP 2003095667A JP 2004300073 A JP2004300073 A JP 2004300073A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
spreading agent
agricultural spreading
surfactant
diluent
crops
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP2003095667A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP4091869B2 (en
Inventor
Kinji Tanizawa
欽次 谷澤
Kiyouko Wanibuchi
恭子 鰐渕
Kotomi Hayashi
琴美 林
Yoichi Oikawa
洋一 笈川
Akira Yoshikawa
明 吉川
Naoyuki Tanaka
直行 田中
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HOKKAI SANKYO KK
Nippon Nyukazai Co Ltd
Original Assignee
HOKKAI SANKYO KK
Nippon Nyukazai Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HOKKAI SANKYO KK, Nippon Nyukazai Co Ltd filed Critical HOKKAI SANKYO KK
Priority to JP2003095667A priority Critical patent/JP4091869B2/en
Publication of JP2004300073A publication Critical patent/JP2004300073A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4091869B2 publication Critical patent/JP4091869B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an inexpensive agricultural spreading agent capable of improving the wet spreadability of an agrochemical liquid on leaf surfaces by merely adding it in a minute amount to a diluent of a wide range of agrochemicals without using a polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether-based surfactant having a risk of endocrine-disruptive action, slight in a risk of chemical injury on crops, and slight in diluent foaming. <P>SOLUTION: This agricultural spreading agent comprises as active ingredient a surfactant which comprises a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether where ethylene oxide is added at 1-5 mol on average to an 8-24C natural alcohol and substantially contains no unreacted natural alcohol. This agricultural spreading agent can improve the wet spreadability of an agrochemical liquid on leaf surfaces by merely adding it in the minute amount to the agrochemical diluent, being high in safety to various crops. Formulation of this agricultural spreading agent with a polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester further improves its safety to crops. Further, formulation of this agricultural spreading agent with a soap significantly suppresses foaming of the diluent. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、農業用薬剤を植物体に散布処理するときに添加する汎用性の高い展着剤に関し、更に詳しくは、炭素数が8〜24の天然アルコールにエチレンオキサイドが平均的に1〜5モル付加されたポリオキシエチレン(以下、POEと略す)アルキルエーテルであって、未反応の天然アルコールを実質的に含有しない界面活性剤を有効成分として含有する作物に対して安全性の高い農業用展着剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
農業用薬剤を散布する際に用いる展着剤は、一般展着剤、機能性展着剤、固着剤、飛散防止剤に大別される(非特許文献1)。
これらのうち、一般展着剤と機能性展着剤は、共に界面活性剤を主体とするが、機能性展着剤は、比較的高濃度で使用し、薬剤の機能を積極的に引き出すことにより、農薬とのトータルコストで利益をもたらすものであり、一方、一般展着剤は、広範囲の薬剤にごく低濃度で添加して、葉面での薬液の濡れ性を改良したり、病虫害への付着性を改良したりすることを目的とするもので、薬剤希釈時の泡立ちを抑制したり混用性を改良したりする作用もあり、薬効を安定させるばかりでなく、希釈液調製時における作業性を改善する効果をも持たせようとするものである。
このため、一般展着剤には、多くの場合、表面張力低下能の強い界面活性剤が単用で或いは配合された形で用いられる。界面活性剤の中で、よく使われるものはノニオン界面活性剤で、POEアルキルフェニルエーテル系、POEアルキルエーテル系、POEアルキルエステル系等を主体とし、場合によってはアニオン界面活性剤を配合する場合もある。
これらのうち、POEアルキルフェニルエーテルは、POEノニルフェニルエーテルやPOEオクチルフェニルエーテルで代表される界面活性剤で、表面張力低下能が強く、薬害懸念が少ないことから、多くの一般展着剤の主成分として用いられてきた。ところが、最近、アルキルフェノールに環境ホルモン作用があることが確認され、POEアルキルフェニルエーテルが自然環境中で分解し、アルキルフェノールを生成する可能性があることが懸念されるようになった。
POEアルキルフェニルエーテルに匹敵する表面張力低下能のある界面活性剤には、POEアルキルエーテル、ジアルキルスルホサクシネート塩、ポリシロキサンエーテル系界面活性剤、フッ素系界面活性剤等がある。
POEアルキルエーテルは、薬剤の植物体中への取り込みを促進する作用があるが、一般に作物に対する薬害が強い。特に、POEドデシルエーテルのエチレンオキサイドの付加モル数が3〜5程度のものは、POEアルキルフェニルエーテルと同レベルまで表面張力を低下させることができるが、作物に対する薬害も強いため、除草剤に対して効力増強効果のある機能性展着剤として多く用いられる。
ジアルキルスルホサクシネート塩は、表面張力低下能が強いため湿展性向上には申し分なく、薬剤の植物体中への取り込みを促進する作用も強いが、作物に対する薬害も強く、特に薬液の付着しにくい特定の作物に対して専用の機能性展着剤として用いられる。
ポリシロキサンエーテル系界面活性剤は、表面張力低下能がさらに強く、湿展性向上の面では申し分なく、薬剤の植物体中への取り込みを促進する作用も強い、作物に対する薬害が比較的弱い等の利点があるが、他の界面活性剤と混用するとその作用が拮抗する場合が多い上に、高価である、それ自体が化学的に不安定である、わが国のように大量の水で希釈して散布する場合には、一定量以上の薬液は流れ落ちてしまうため逆に効力低下につながる場合がある等の欠点があり、わが国では未だ実用化されていない。
フッ素系界面活性剤は、ポリシロキサンエーテル系界面活性剤より更に高価である。
この他の界面活性剤で、POE脂肪酸エステルは、高濃度でも薬害が発生しにくく、広い範囲の農業用薬剤に適用性がある、それ自体の起泡性が小さいという利点があるので、展着剤に好んで用いられるものの、表面張力低下能の点で上記に劣り、単独で用いるには、一般展着剤に期待される葉面での薬液の湿展性を改善するという点で力不足である。
その他の界面活性剤は、表面張力低下能の点で劣り、一般展着剤として必須の要件である湿展性改善が達成されないため未だ実用化されていない。
【0003】
【非特許文献1】
川島和夫、アグロケミカル入門p52、米田出版、(2002)
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本願は、環境ホルモン作用の危惧されるPOEアルキルフェニルエーテルを用いることなく、広い範囲の農業用薬剤の希釈液に、ごく少量を添加するだけで葉面での薬液の湿展性を改良し、しかも希釈液調製時の消泡性に優れ、安価で、しかも作物に対する薬害の少ない一般展着剤を開発することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記の課題を解決するために鋭意検討を加えた結果、従来、薬害が強くて一般展着剤としては不向きと思われていたPOEアルキルエーテルの中で、炭素数が8〜24の天然アルコールにエチレンオキサイドが平均的に1〜5モル付加されたPOEアルキルエーテルであって、未反応の天然アルコールを実質的に含有しない界面活性剤を有効成分とする展着剤は、農業用薬剤の希釈液中にごく少量添加するだけで、表面張力が著しく低下するため、植物葉上での湿展性が優れ、安価で、しかも意外なことに多くの作物に薬害が弱く、安全であることを見出した。
更に、これにPOE脂肪酸エステルを加用すると、より薬害が軽減できること、更にはこれに少量の石鹸を加用すると、農業薬剤の希釈液を調製する際の起泡が殆ど問題にならない程度にまで抑制されることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
本発明の展着剤は、ノニオン界面活性剤を有効成分とするため、広い範囲の農業用薬剤に添加することができ、汎用性のある農業用一般展着剤としての条件を具備している。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の農業用展着剤の有効成分は、炭素数が8〜24の天然アルコールにエチレンオキサイドが平均的に1〜5モル付加されたPOEアルキルエーテルであって、未反応の天然アルコールを実質的に含有しない界面活性剤である。
原料となるアルコールは飽和アルコールでも不飽和アルコールでもかまわないが、天然物であることが必須であり、天然アルコールの炭素数が8〜24のものが使用できるが、10〜18個のものが好ましく、更に好ましくは炭素数が10〜14のものである。中でも、炭素数が12のものは表面張力低下能が著しく、14のものは消泡性に優れ、特に好ましい。
エチレンオキサイドの平均的な付加モル数は、1〜5のものが使用できるが、1〜3.5のものが薬害面から好ましい。エチレンオキサイドの付加モル数が5より高くなると、薬害が急激に強くなる。
界面活性剤中に未反応のアルコールが残存すると薬害が強化される傾向があるので、未反応アルコールは実質的に含有されない程度まで除去する必要がある。ここで実質的にとは、界面活性剤中に3%以下、好ましくは1%以下である。
従来、POEアルキルエーテル系界面活性剤は、薬害が強いとされてきた。中でも、炭素数8〜12のアルキルエーテルが最も薬害が強く、炭素数がこれより大きくなるほど薬害は弱くなる。一方、エチレンオキサイドの付加モル数は、多くなるに従い、薬害は低減されるといわれる(杉村ら、植物の化学調節19(1)34‐49(1984))。本願の有効成分は、POEアルキルエーテルの中でも、従来最も薬害が強いといわれてきた範囲に入るものである。原料として天然アルコールを用い、未反応の天然アルコールを除去するだけで、このような安全性の高い展着剤を得ることができたことは全く予想外のことであった。
このような界面活性剤は、アルキルエーテル系界面活性剤を製造する常法に従って製造することができる。即ち、原料となる天然アルコールに、適当な触媒の存在下、エチレンオキサイドガスを吹き込んでPOEアルキルエーテルを調製するか、原料となる天然アルコールとモノ‐或いはポリ‐エチレングリコールとを適当な触媒の存在下で脱水縮合させることによりPOEアルキルエーテルを調製した後、未反応の天然アルコールを蒸留するなどの方法で除去することにより、容易に得ることができる。
かくして得られる炭素数が8〜24の天然アルコールにエチレンオキサイドが平均的に1〜5モル付加されたPOEアルキルエーテルであって、実質的に未反応の天然アルコールを含有しない界面活性剤の展着剤中の含有量は、特に限定は無いが、低すぎると展着剤の希釈倍数が低くなり不利であるし、高すぎると希釈倍数が高くなりすぎて使いにくい。したがって、展着剤中に5〜70%の含量として、これを農業用薬剤の希釈液中に界面活性剤として2〜200ppm程度になるように添加すればよい。
本願の展着剤中には、POE脂肪酸エステルを配合すると、さらに薬害が低減され、且つ起泡性が抑制される傾向がある。
【0007】
POE脂肪酸エステルは、通常界面活性剤として用いられるものでよい。脂肪酸は飽和脂肪酸でも不飽和脂肪酸でもよく、炭素数が8〜30のものが好ましい。中でも、炭素数が12〜18の液状のものが取り扱いや展着剤にした場合の物理性の面から好ましい。最も好ましい脂肪酸は、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、オレイン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸、リシレノール酸である。エチレンオキサイドの付加モル数は特に限定は無いが、15以下のものが好ましく、10以下のものが特に好ましい。
POE脂肪酸エステルは、展着剤中に1〜70%の含量として、これを農業用薬剤の希釈液中にPOE脂肪酸エステルとして1〜500ppm程度になるように添加すればよい。本願の展着剤中には、石鹸を配合すると消泡作用が強化される。石鹸は通常使用される高級脂肪酸のナトリウム、カリウム等アルカリ金属塩でよいが、炭素数が12〜18のもの、特にオレイン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸のナトリウム、カリウム塩が好ましい。これらの中で最も好ましいものは、ミリスチン酸のナトリウム或いはカリウム塩である。
石鹸は、展着剤中に0.1〜5%の含量として、これを農業用薬剤の希釈液中に石鹸として0.1〜50ppm程度になるように添加すればよい。
本願の展着剤には、これらの他に必要に応じて、その他の界面活性剤、安定剤、溶媒等のその他の補助剤を加えることができる。
その他の界面活性剤は、上記の有効成分以外のもので、耐雨性を付与したり、薬剤の植物体中への吸収移行を増強したり、農業用薬剤の混用性を改善したりする目的で配合する。一般に、ノニオン系或いはアニオン系界面活性剤を用いることができる。カチオン系や両性イオン系の界面活性剤は、農業用薬剤が一般にノニオン系とアニオン系界面活性剤で処方されることから、使いにくい。また、POEアルキルフェニルエーテル系の界面活性剤は、本願の目的から考えて当然ながら除外される。これらの配合量は、展着剤中に0.1〜30%である。
安定剤は、展着剤の化学的或いは物理的な安定性を向上させるために添加するもので、例えば、展着剤が経時的に沈殿を生じるのを防止するために添加するEDTAやその塩のようなキレート剤、有効成分である界面活性剤を溶媒中に溶解させるための種々の相溶化剤、pH調節剤、酸化防止剤等である。これらの配合量は、安定化剤の種類や目的によっても異なるが、一般的には、0.001〜5%である。
溶媒は、本願の有効成分である界面活性剤を使い易い濃度まで希釈し、商品として適当な物理性を保持させために添加する。一般には水を主体としたものが用いられるが、本発明の有効成分である界面活性剤は、エチレンオキサイドの付加モル数が小さくHLBが小さいので、水に対する溶解度が低い。このため、界面活性剤を水の中に溶解させるための有機溶媒が必要になることが多い。したがって、このような有機溶媒は、水と親和性が高く、且つ界面活性剤をよく溶かし、融点が低く、沸点が高く、できれば展着剤が危険物に該当しないようになるものが好ましい。
好ましい有機溶媒には、イソプロピルアルコール、ブチルアルコールのようなアルコール類、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ブチレングリコール及びこれらのポリマー、或いはそれらのエーテル又はエステル類等のグリコール系溶媒、NMPやDMSO、DMAA等の極性非プロトン溶媒、アジピン酸のような二塩基酸のエステル、アセトフェノンやシクロヘキサノンのようなケトン類等が挙げられ、アルコール系やグリコール系の溶媒が特に好ましい。
溶媒の配合量は、有効成分である界面活性剤や石鹸、並びにその他の添加物の種類や含有量によって異なるが、通常1〜50%、好ましくは2〜30%である。価格面だけでなく、展着剤を危険物にしないためにも、水の配合比率をできるだけ高くする方が有利であり、この点でも有機溶媒の配合量は展着剤の物理性を損なわない限り、最小限にするべきである。
本発明の展着剤は、有効成分である界面活性剤、石鹸、その他の補助剤を均一に混合溶解して調製すればよい。石鹸の添加方法は、展着剤製造時に、これらの塩を直接添加して混合溶解しても良いが、脂肪酸と対応するアルカリを苛性アルカリ或いは炭酸アルカリの形で別々に添加して溶解し、展着剤の中で石鹸溶液としても良い。
展着剤を調製するのに用いる混合機は、通常の攪拌機のついたタンクがあれば十分であり、加温装置や超音波発信機の備えがあれば尚良い。
本発明でいう農業用薬剤とは、殺虫剤、殺ダニ剤、殺菌剤、除草剤、植物成長調節剤、倒伏防止剤等の農薬をはじめ、肥料、植物栄養剤等をも含むものであり、水で希釈して散布するものである。本発明の展着剤は、これらの農業用薬剤を水で希釈する際に希釈液中にごく少量添加して使用する。その添加量は有効成分である界面活性剤の含有量により異なるが、農業用薬剤の希釈液中に展着剤中の有効成分であるPOEアルキルエーテルの濃度が、2〜200ppm程度になるように添加すればよい。得られる希釈液は、表面張力が30dyne/cm程度まで低化し、葉面上での湿展性に優れ、作物に対する薬害の危険性が少なく、泡立ちが極めて少ない。また、有機溶媒の種類と配合量を選択すれば、危険物に該当しないものとすることができ、従来のPOEアルキルフェニルエーテルを有効成分とする展着剤に優るとも劣らぬ汎用性の高い展着剤になりうる。
以下、本発明を更に具体的に説明するために、実施例、比較例、試験例を挙げて、より詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらだけに限定されるものではない。尚、以下の例中の部は質量基準%を表す。
【0008】
【実施例】
[試験方法]
表面張力の測定:各展着剤を、水で所定倍数(表中xで示す)に希釈し、希釈液の表面張力をDu ’Nouyの表面張力計で測定した。
葉面上での湿展性:キャベツ幼葉上に、各展着剤を水で10000倍に希釈した液10μlをマイクロピペットで添付し、葉面上での薬液の広がりを目視観察した。
●:濡れて広範囲に広がる
○:濡れるが広がり面積は小さい
△:濡れにくく水滴は球状であるが、葉を傾けても転がり落ちない
×:濡れず葉を傾けると転がり落ちる
××:水滴が転がり落ちて添付できない
起泡性試験:各展着剤の水で5000倍に希釈した液100mlを容量250mlの共栓シリンダーに入れ、20回転倒混合した後静置し、生成した泡の高さ(cm)を1分後に測定した。
薬害試験:各展着剤を水で333倍に希釈し、温室内でポットに育てた水稲、秋小麦、キャベツ、トマト、大豆、キュウリの幼苗に散布処理し、作物ごとに、約1週後の薬害を0(薬害なし)〜4(薬害大、実用不可)の5段階で評価した(各作物3ポット)。薬害度を以下の式に従って算出した。作物ごとの薬害度の値を合計し、6種の作物の平均値を算出して、薬害の強さを評価した。得られた平均値から対照としたPOE(4)ノニルフェニルエーテル(比較例15)の平均薬害度との差を求め、補正薬害度とした。
【数1】
平均薬害度=[Σ(当該薬害指数x株数)/(最大薬害指数x全株数)]x100
本発明の界面活性剤を用いて、下記処方で展着剤を調製した。
【0009】
【実施例1〜9】

Figure 2004300073
【0010】
【実施例10〜11】
Figure 2004300073
【0011】
【実施例12〜15】
Figure 2004300073
[比較例]
本発明に該当しない界面活性剤を用いて実施例と同様に展着剤を調製した。
【0012】
【比較例1〜15】
Figure 2004300073
【0013】
【比較例16〜17】
Figure 2004300073
[試験例]
【0014】
【試験例1】物理性試験
使用した界面活性剤と、得られた展着剤の物理性を表1に示す。
【0015】
【表1】物理性試験結果
Figure 2004300073
【0016】
Figure 2004300073
【0017】
【試験例2】薬害試験
実施例1〜9及び比較例1〜18で試製した展着剤について、薬害試験を行った。結果を表2に示す.
【0018】
【表2】薬害試験結果
Figure 2004300073
【0019】
表1及び2から明らかなように、本発明の界面活性剤を用いた実施例1〜9は、いずれも補正薬害度が平均で5以下或いはマイナスの値(界面活性剤としてPOE(4)ノニルフェニルエーテルを用いた比較例15と同等或いはそれより薬害が軽いことを示す)であったが、本発明に該当しないPOEアルキルエーテル系界面活性剤を用いた比較例1〜11や、ジエチルヘキシルスルホサクシネートNaやPOE(7)ジスチリルフェニルエーテルを用いた比較例12、13は、補正薬害度(平均)が10以上を示し、作物に対する薬害が強かった。また、界面活性剤にPOE(4)オレイン酸エステルを用いた比較例14は、薬害は軽かったが、希釈液の表面張力が低下せず、葉面上での湿展性がよくなかった。さらに、本発明の界面活性剤にPOE脂肪酸エステルを配合すると、薬害は軽くなリ、且つ起泡性も抑制される傾向が見られ、これに石鹸を添加すると、水希釈時に殆ど泡が立たなくなった。作物への薬害は殆ど変わらなかった。一方、本発明に該当しない界面活性剤にPOE脂肪酸エステルを配合すると、薬害は若干軽くなる傾向が見られたものの、補正薬害度の平均値は10以上の高い値を示した(比較例16、17)。
【0020】
【発明の効果】
これまで、広い範囲の農業用薬剤に適用可能な一般展着剤に用いられてきた界面活性剤は、POEアルキルフェニルエーテル系界面活性剤が多かった。しかし、この界面活性剤は、自然環境に悪影響を与えることが明らかにされており、早い機会に代替する必要がある。本発明の有効成分は、天然の高級アルコールにエチレンオキサイドを低モル付加させ、未反応のアルコールを除去したものであり、安全性の点で有利である。従来POEアルキルエーテル系界面活性剤は薬害が強いとされていたが、アルコールに天然の高級アルコールを用い、未反応のアルコールを除去するだけで、広い範囲の農業用薬剤に安心して使える一般展着剤を得ることができたことは、安価、安全、省力を要求される今日の日本農業に貢献することができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a highly versatile spreading agent to be added when spraying an agricultural chemical on a plant, and more specifically, an ethylene oxide having an average of 1 to 5 in natural alcohol having 8 to 24 carbon atoms. Agro-added polyoxyethylene (hereinafter abbreviated as POE) alkyl ether, which is highly safe for agricultural crops containing, as an active ingredient, a surfactant substantially free of unreacted natural alcohol. Related to spreading agents.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Spreading agents used for spraying agricultural chemicals are broadly classified into general spreading agents, functional spreading agents, sticking agents, and anti-scattering agents (Non-Patent Document 1).
Of these, general spreading agents and functional spreading agents are both mainly surfactants, but functional spreading agents should be used at relatively high concentrations to actively bring out the function of the drug. Therefore, general spreading agents can be added at a very low concentration to a wide range of chemicals to improve the wettability of the chemical solution on the leaf surface and to reduce pest and insect damage. The purpose is to improve the adhesiveness of the drug.It also has the effect of suppressing foaming during drug dilution and improving the mixing properties. It is intended to have the effect of improving the performance.
Therefore, in many cases, a general spreading agent is used alone or in a form in which a surfactant having a strong surface tension lowering ability is used. Of the surfactants, nonionic surfactants are commonly used, mainly POE alkyl phenyl ethers, POE alkyl ethers, POE alkyl esters, etc., and in some cases anionic surfactants may be blended. is there.
Of these, POE alkyl phenyl ether is a surfactant represented by POE nonyl phenyl ether and POE octyl phenyl ether, and has a strong surface tension lowering ability and has little concern about phytotoxicity. It has been used as an ingredient. However, recently, it has been confirmed that alkylphenol has an environmental hormonal effect, and there has been a concern that POE alkylphenyl ether may be decomposed in the natural environment to produce alkylphenol.
Surfactants having a surface tension lowering ability comparable to POE alkyl phenyl ether include POE alkyl ethers, dialkyl sulfosuccinate salts, polysiloxane ether surfactants, and fluorine surfactants.
POE alkyl ethers have the effect of promoting the incorporation of drugs into plants, but generally have strong phytotoxicity to crops. In particular, POE dodecyl ether having an ethylene oxide addition mole number of about 3 to 5 can lower the surface tension to the same level as POE alkyl phenyl ether, but also has strong phytotoxicity to crops. It is often used as a functional spreading agent with a potentiating effect.
Dialkyl sulfosuccinate salts have a strong surface tension lowering ability and are therefore perfect for improving wet spreadability.They also have a strong effect of promoting the incorporation of drugs into plants, but they also have a strong phytotoxicity to crops, and are especially susceptible to chemicals. It is used as a special function spreader for certain difficult crops.
Polysiloxane ether-based surfactants have a stronger surface tension lowering ability, are satisfactory in terms of improving wet spreadability, have a strong effect of promoting the incorporation of drugs into plants, and have relatively weak phytotoxicity to crops. However, when mixed with other surfactants, their action is often antagonized, and they are expensive, they are chemically unstable, and diluted with a large amount of water as in Japan. In the case of spraying, there is a disadvantage that a certain amount or more of the chemical solution flows down, which may lead to a decrease in efficacy, and has not yet been put to practical use in Japan.
Fluorosurfactants are more expensive than polysiloxane ether surfactants.
Among these other surfactants, POE fatty acid esters are advantageous because they are less likely to cause phytotoxicity even at a high concentration, are applicable to a wide range of agricultural chemicals, and have low foaming properties. Although it is used favorably as an agent, it is inferior to the above in terms of surface tension lowering ability, and when used alone, lacks the power to improve the wet spreadability of the chemical solution on the leaf surface expected of a general spreading agent It is.
Other surfactants have not been put to practical use yet because they are inferior in surface tension lowering ability and do not achieve the improvement of wet spreadability which is an essential requirement as a general spreading agent.
[0003]
[Non-patent document 1]
Kazuo Kawashima, Introduction to Agrochemicals p52, Yoneda Publishing, (2002)
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present application improves the wet spreadability of a chemical solution on a leaf surface by adding only a small amount to a wide range of diluents of agricultural chemicals without using POE alkyl phenyl ether, which is feared to act as an endocrine disrupter. An object of the present invention is to develop a general spreading agent which is excellent in defoaming property at the time of preparing a diluting solution, is inexpensive, and has little harm to crops.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, among POE alkyl ethers which were conventionally considered to be unsuitable as general spreading agents due to strong phytotoxicity, they have 8 carbon atoms. A spreading agent comprising, as an active ingredient, a POE alkyl ether obtained by adding ethylene oxide on average to 1 to 5 mol to natural alcohols having an active ingredient of substantially no unreacted natural alcohol, By adding only a small amount to a diluent of agricultural chemicals, the surface tension is significantly reduced, so that wet spreadability on plant leaves is excellent, inexpensive, and surprisingly, many crops are weakly harmful, I found it safe.
Furthermore, the addition of a POE fatty acid ester to this can further reduce the phytotoxicity, and the addition of a small amount of soap to the extent that foaming when preparing a diluent of agricultural chemicals is of little concern. The inventors have found that the present invention is suppressed and completed the present invention.
Since the spreading agent of the present invention contains a nonionic surfactant as an active ingredient, it can be added to a wide range of agricultural chemicals and has conditions as a general-purpose agricultural general spreading agent. .
[0006]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The active ingredient of the agricultural spreading agent of the present invention is a POE alkyl ether in which ethylene oxide is added on average to 1 to 5 moles of a natural alcohol having 8 to 24 carbon atoms. It is a surfactant that does not contain any water.
The alcohol used as the raw material may be a saturated alcohol or an unsaturated alcohol, but it is essential that the alcohol is a natural product, and a natural alcohol having 8 to 24 carbon atoms can be used, but a 10 to 18 carbon atom is preferable. And more preferably those having 10 to 14 carbon atoms. Among them, those having 12 carbon atoms have remarkable surface tension lowering ability, and those having 14 carbon atoms have excellent defoaming properties, and are particularly preferable.
The average number of moles of ethylene oxide to be added may be 1 to 5, but preferably 1 to 3.5 from the viewpoint of phytotoxicity. When the number of moles of ethylene oxide to be added is higher than 5, the chemical damage sharply increases.
If unreacted alcohol remains in the surfactant, the phytotoxicity tends to be strengthened. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the unreacted alcohol to the extent that it is not substantially contained. Here, “substantially” means 3% or less, preferably 1% or less in the surfactant.
Conventionally, POE alkyl ether-based surfactants have been considered to be highly harmful. Among them, alkyl ethers having 8 to 12 carbon atoms have the highest phytotoxicity, and the higher the carbon number, the lower the phytotoxicity. On the other hand, it is said that phytotoxicity is reduced as the number of moles of ethylene oxide added increases (Sugimura et al., Chemical Regulation of Plants 19 (1) 34-49 (1984)). The active ingredient of the present application falls within the range of POE alkyl ethers, which has hitherto been said to be the most harmful. It was completely unexpected that such a highly safe spreading agent could be obtained only by using natural alcohol as a raw material and removing unreacted natural alcohol.
Such a surfactant can be produced according to a conventional method for producing an alkyl ether-based surfactant. That is, POE alkyl ether is prepared by blowing ethylene oxide gas into natural alcohol as a raw material in the presence of a suitable catalyst, or natural alcohol as a raw material is mixed with mono- or poly-ethylene glycol in the presence of a suitable catalyst. After POE alkyl ether is prepared by dehydration condensation under the following conditions, it can be easily obtained by removing unreacted natural alcohol by a method such as distillation.
Spreading of the thus obtained POE alkyl ether obtained by adding on average 1 to 5 mol of ethylene oxide to a natural alcohol having 8 to 24 carbon atoms and containing substantially no unreacted natural alcohol. The content in the agent is not particularly limited, but if it is too low, the dilution factor of the spreading agent is disadvantageously low, and if it is too high, the dilution factor becomes too high, making it difficult to use. Therefore, a content of 5 to 70% in the spreader may be added to the diluent of the agricultural chemical so as to be about 2 to 200 ppm as a surfactant.
When a POE fatty acid ester is blended in the spreading agent of the present application, there is a tendency that phytotoxicity is further reduced and foamability is suppressed.
[0007]
The POE fatty acid ester may be one usually used as a surfactant. The fatty acid may be a saturated fatty acid or an unsaturated fatty acid, and preferably has 8 to 30 carbon atoms. Among them, a liquid having 12 to 18 carbon atoms is preferable from the viewpoint of physical properties when handled and used as a spreading agent. Most preferred fatty acids are lauric acid, myristic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ricilenolic acid. The number of moles of ethylene oxide added is not particularly limited, but is preferably 15 or less, particularly preferably 10 or less.
The POE fatty acid ester may be added at a content of 1 to 70% in the spreading agent, and may be added to the diluent of the agricultural chemical so as to be about 1 to 500 ppm as the POE fatty acid ester. When a soap is added to the spreading agent of the present invention, the defoaming action is enhanced. The soap may be a commonly used alkali metal salt of a higher fatty acid such as sodium or potassium, and preferably has 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably a sodium or potassium salt of oleic acid, myristic acid or palmitic acid. Most preferred among these are the sodium or potassium salts of myristic acid.
The soap may be added in a content of 0.1 to 5% in the spreading agent and added to the diluent of the agricultural chemical so as to be about 0.1 to 50 ppm as a soap.
If necessary, other auxiliary agents such as a surfactant, a stabilizer, and a solvent can be added to the spreading agent of the present application.
Other surfactants are other than the above-mentioned active ingredients, for the purpose of imparting rain resistance, enhancing the absorption and transfer of the drug into the plant, and improving the mixability of agricultural chemicals. Mix. Generally, a nonionic or anionic surfactant can be used. Cationic or zwitterionic surfactants are difficult to use because agricultural chemicals are generally formulated with nonionic and anionic surfactants. Further, a POE alkyl phenyl ether-based surfactant is naturally excluded from the purpose of the present application. The amount of these is 0.1 to 30% in the spreading agent.
The stabilizer is added to improve the chemical or physical stability of the spreading agent. For example, EDTA or a salt thereof added to prevent the spreading agent from forming a precipitate over time. And various compatibilizers for dissolving a surfactant as an active ingredient in a solvent, a pH regulator, an antioxidant and the like. The amount of these compounds varies depending on the type and purpose of the stabilizer, but is generally 0.001 to 5%.
The solvent is added to dilute the surfactant, which is the active ingredient of the present application, to a concentration that is easy to use, and to maintain physical properties suitable for commercial use. Generally, a surfactant mainly composed of water is used. However, the surfactant, which is an active ingredient of the present invention, has a low solubility in water because the number of moles of ethylene oxide added is small and the HLB is small. For this reason, an organic solvent for dissolving the surfactant in water is often required. Therefore, it is preferable that such an organic solvent has a high affinity for water, dissolves a surfactant well, has a low melting point and a high boiling point, and preferably makes the spreading agent not a dangerous substance.
Preferred organic solvents include alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol and butyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol and their polymers, or glycol solvents such as ethers or esters thereof, NMP, DMSO, DMAA and the like. Examples include polar aprotic solvents, esters of dibasic acids such as adipic acid, ketones such as acetophenone and cyclohexanone, and alcohol-based and glycol-based solvents are particularly preferred.
The amount of the solvent varies depending on the types and contents of the surfactants and soaps as active ingredients and other additives, but is usually 1 to 50%, preferably 2 to 30%. It is advantageous to increase the mixing ratio of water as much as possible, not only in terms of price but also to make the spreading agent unsafe, and in this regard, the amount of the organic solvent does not impair the physical properties of the spreading agent. As long as it should be minimal.
The spreading agent of the present invention may be prepared by uniformly mixing and dissolving a surfactant, soap, and other auxiliaries as active ingredients. The method of adding the soap may be such that during the production of the spreading agent, these salts may be directly added and mixed and dissolved, but the fatty acid and the corresponding alkali are separately added and dissolved in the form of caustic alkali or alkali carbonate, A soap solution may be used in the spreading agent.
It is sufficient for the mixer used for preparing the spreading agent to have a tank equipped with an ordinary stirrer, and it is more preferable to have a heating device and an ultrasonic transmitter.
The agricultural chemicals referred to in the present invention include pesticides, acaricides, fungicides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, pesticides such as lodging inhibitors, fertilizers, plant nutrients and the like, It is diluted with water and sprayed. The spreading agent of the present invention is used by adding a very small amount to the diluent when diluting these agricultural chemicals with water. The addition amount varies depending on the content of the surfactant as the active ingredient, but the concentration of the POE alkyl ether as the active ingredient in the spreading agent in the diluent of the agricultural chemical is adjusted to be about 2 to 200 ppm. What is necessary is just to add. The resulting diluent has a surface tension as low as about 30 dyne / cm, has excellent wet spreadability on leaves, has little risk of phytotoxicity to crops, and has very little foaming. In addition, by selecting the type and blending amount of the organic solvent, the organic solvent can be regarded as a non-hazardous substance, and has a versatility that is not inferior to that of the conventional spreader containing POE alkylphenyl ether as an active ingredient. It can be an adhesive.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, Comparative Examples, and Test Examples in order to more specifically describe the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The parts in the following examples represent% by mass.
[0008]
【Example】
[Test method]
Measurement of surface tension: Each spreading agent was diluted with water to a predetermined multiple (indicated by x in the table), and the surface tension of the diluted solution was measured with a Du'Nouy surface tensiometer.
Wet spreading property on leaf surface: 10 μl of a solution obtained by diluting each spreading agent 10000 times with water was attached to a young cabbage leaf with a micropipette, and the spread of the drug solution on the leaf surface was visually observed.
●: Wet and spread over a wide area ○: Wet but spread small area △: Difficult to wet, water droplets are spherical, but do not roll down even if leaf is tilted ×: Rolls down when leaf is tilted without getting wet ××: Water droplets roll Foaming test which falls and cannot be attached: 100 ml of each spreading agent diluted 5000 times with water is placed in a 250 ml stoppered cylinder, mixed 20 times by inversion, and allowed to stand still. cm) was measured after 1 minute.
Phytotoxicity test: Each spreading agent was diluted 333 times with water and sprayed on young rice, autumn wheat, cabbage, tomato, soybean and cucumber seedlings grown in pots in a greenhouse. After about one week for each crop Were rated on a scale from 0 (no phytotoxicity) to 4 (large phytotoxicity, impractical) (3 pots for each crop). The degree of phytotoxicity was calculated according to the following equation. The value of the degree of phytotoxicity was evaluated by summing the values of the degree of phytotoxicity for each crop and calculating the average value of the six types of crops. From the obtained average value, the difference from the average toxic degree of POE (4) nonylphenyl ether (Comparative Example 15) as a control was determined and defined as a corrected toxic degree.
(Equation 1)
Average phytotoxicity = [Σ (the phytotoxicity index x number of shares) / (maximum phytotoxicity index x total number of shares)] × 100
Using the surfactant of the present invention, a spreading agent was prepared according to the following formulation.
[0009]
[Examples 1 to 9]
Figure 2004300073
[0010]
Examples 10 to 11
Figure 2004300073
[0011]
Embodiments 12 to 15
Figure 2004300073
[Comparative example]
A spreading agent was prepared in the same manner as in the example using a surfactant not falling under the present invention.
[0012]
[Comparative Examples 1 to 15]
Figure 2004300073
[0013]
[Comparative Examples 16 to 17]
Figure 2004300073
[Test example]
[0014]
Test Example 1 Physical Property Test The physical properties of the used surfactant and the obtained spreading agent are shown in Table 1.
[0015]
[Table 1] Physical test results
Figure 2004300073
[0016]
Figure 2004300073
[0017]
Test Example 2 Chemical Damage Test The spread agents produced in Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 18 were subjected to a chemical damage test. Table 2 shows the results.
[0018]
[Table 2] Chemical damage test results
Figure 2004300073
[0019]
As is clear from Tables 1 and 2, in Examples 1 to 9 using the surfactant of the present invention, the corrected degree of damage was 5 or less on average or a negative value (POE (4) nonyl as the surfactant). This indicates that the phytotoxicity is equal to or less than that of Comparative Example 15 using phenyl ether), but Comparative Examples 1 to 11 using a POE alkyl ether surfactant not applicable to the present invention and diethylhexyl sulfo In Comparative Examples 12 and 13 using succinate Na and POE (7) distyrylphenyl ether, the corrected phytotoxicity (average) was 10 or more, and the phytotoxicity to the crop was strong. In Comparative Example 14 using POE (4) oleate as the surfactant, the phytotoxicity was slight, but the surface tension of the diluent did not decrease, and the wet spreadability on the leaf surface was poor. Furthermore, when a POE fatty acid ester is blended with the surfactant of the present invention, the phytotoxicity is reduced, and the foaming property tends to be suppressed. When soap is added to the surfactant, almost no foam is formed upon dilution with water. Was. The crop damage was almost unchanged. On the other hand, when a POE fatty acid ester was blended with a surfactant not falling under the present invention, the phytotoxicity tended to be slightly reduced, but the average value of the corrected phytotoxicity showed a high value of 10 or more (Comparative Example 16, 17).
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
So far, POE alkyl phenyl ether-based surfactants have been frequently used as general spreading agents applicable to a wide range of agricultural chemicals. However, this surfactant has been shown to adversely affect the natural environment and needs to be replaced at an early opportunity. The active ingredient of the present invention is obtained by adding ethylene oxide to a natural higher alcohol at a low mole to remove unreacted alcohol, which is advantageous in terms of safety. Conventional POE alkyl ether surfactants have been considered to be highly harmful, but can be used for a wide range of agricultural chemicals by using natural higher alcohols and removing unreacted alcohols. Being able to obtain the agent can contribute to today's Japanese agriculture, which requires cheap, safe and labor-saving.

Claims (8)

炭素数が8〜24の天然アルコールにエチレンオキサイドが平均的に1〜5モル付加されたポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテルであって、未反応の天然アルコールを実質的に含有しない界面活性剤を有効成分として含有する、作物に対して安全性の高い農業用展着剤。A polyoxyethylene alkyl ether in which ethylene oxide is added on average to 1 to 5 moles of a natural alcohol having 8 to 24 carbon atoms, and a surfactant containing substantially no unreacted natural alcohol is used as an active ingredient. An agricultural spreading agent that is highly safe for crops. 天然アルコールの炭素数が10〜18個である請求項1記載の農業用展着剤。The agricultural spreading agent according to claim 1, wherein the natural alcohol has 10 to 18 carbon atoms. エチレンオキサイドの平均的な付加モル数が1〜3.5モルである請求項1乃至2項記載の農業用展着剤。The agricultural spreading agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the average number of added moles of ethylene oxide is 1 to 3.5 mol. さらに、ポリオキシエチレン脂肪酸エステル系界面活性剤を有効成分として含有する請求項1乃至3記載の農業用展着剤。The agricultural spreading agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester surfactant as an active ingredient. ポリオキシエチレン脂肪酸エステルが炭素数12〜18の脂肪酸エステルである請求項4記載の農業用展着剤。The agricultural spreading agent according to claim 4, wherein the polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester is a fatty acid ester having 12 to 18 carbon atoms. 石鹸を含有する請求項1乃至5項記載の農業用展着剤。The agricultural spreading agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a soap. 石鹸が炭素数12〜18の脂肪酸のナトリウム又はカリウム塩である請求項6項記載の農業用展着剤。The agricultural spreading agent according to claim 6, wherein the soap is a sodium or potassium salt of a fatty acid having 12 to 18 carbon atoms. 石鹸がオレイン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸のナトリウム又はカリウム塩である請求項6項記載の農業用展着剤。The agricultural spreading agent according to claim 6, wherein the soap is a sodium or potassium salt of oleic acid, myristic acid, or palmitic acid.
JP2003095667A 2003-03-31 2003-03-31 Versatile spreading agent Expired - Fee Related JP4091869B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003095667A JP4091869B2 (en) 2003-03-31 2003-03-31 Versatile spreading agent

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003095667A JP4091869B2 (en) 2003-03-31 2003-03-31 Versatile spreading agent

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2004300073A true JP2004300073A (en) 2004-10-28
JP4091869B2 JP4091869B2 (en) 2008-05-28

Family

ID=33407942

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2003095667A Expired - Fee Related JP4091869B2 (en) 2003-03-31 2003-03-31 Versatile spreading agent

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP4091869B2 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103209588A (en) * 2010-09-03 2013-07-17 花王株式会社 Method for producing agricultural crop
JP2015525233A (en) * 2012-06-21 2015-09-03 ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアBasf Se Adjuvants containing 2-propylheptylamine alkoxylates, sugar-based surfactants and drift control agents and / or wetting agents
JP2016098226A (en) * 2014-11-26 2016-05-30 竹本油脂株式会社 Agrochemical spreader and agrochemical formulation

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103209588A (en) * 2010-09-03 2013-07-17 花王株式会社 Method for producing agricultural crop
US10188101B2 (en) 2010-09-03 2019-01-29 Kao Corporation Method for producing an agricultural product
JP2015525233A (en) * 2012-06-21 2015-09-03 ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアBasf Se Adjuvants containing 2-propylheptylamine alkoxylates, sugar-based surfactants and drift control agents and / or wetting agents
JP2016098226A (en) * 2014-11-26 2016-05-30 竹本油脂株式会社 Agrochemical spreader and agrochemical formulation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP4091869B2 (en) 2008-05-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU2011220319B2 (en) Emulsion adjuvant for herbicides
JP4657607B2 (en) Agrochemical composition containing lactic acid ester as crystal growth inhibitor
EP0754407B1 (en) Liquid formulations of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one
JP5180187B2 (en) Azoxystrobin preparation
JP4402300B2 (en) Pesticide formulation containing alkoxylated tristyrylphenol, hemisulphate, ester neutralized alkoxylated amine surfactant
JPH08501320A (en) Agricultural preparations
EA023255B1 (en) Agrochemical composition comprising imidazolinone and adjuvant comprising a polar solvent and a phosphate ester
US20230148592A1 (en) Compositions comprising ethoxylated lecithin and methods of making and using the same
EP2480070B1 (en) Monoalkyl sulfosuccinates in pesticide formulations and applications as hydrotropes
WO2013054194A1 (en) A formulated solvent composition for pesticide
CA2934681C (en) Solvent systems for producing pumpable formulations of high active ether sulfates
JP4741260B2 (en) Nonaqueous pesticide spreading composition
AU2010202620A1 (en) Dicamba herbicide composition
JP4091869B2 (en) Versatile spreading agent
JP7223952B2 (en) Liquid composition for foliage and soil treatment herbicide
WO2005048707A1 (en) Fungicidal aqueous suspension concentrate
JP2002522400A (en) Pesticide formulations containing aromatic sulfonic acid surfactants neutralized with alkoxylated amines
WO2006094371A2 (en) Carbosulfane-based pesticidal compositions, process for preparing same, process for controlling insects/mites/nematodes, and use of said compositions
TWI434653B (en) Use of a c2-c4 dialkylene glycol di-/mono- c1-c4 alkyl ether
JP2004083540A (en) Low foaming agricultural spreading agent
JP2013216643A (en) Herbicide including the organic compound salt of fatty acid as active ingredient
EP3593637B1 (en) Plant growth regulator concentrate and use thereof
CA3178873A1 (en) Phytosanitary herbicide composition in the form of a microemulsion with low surfactant content and high compatibility in ultra-low volume spray liquids, and method for obtaining i t
EP2448405B2 (en) Aqueous herbicide concentrate
WO2011157101A1 (en) Pesticidal composition

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
RD02 Notification of acceptance of power of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7422

Effective date: 20050725

RD04 Notification of resignation of power of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7424

Effective date: 20050725

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20050727

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20050802

A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20051011

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20080218

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20080229

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

Ref document number: 4091869

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110307

Year of fee payment: 3

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821

Effective date: 20080310

RD02 Notification of acceptance of power of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7422

Effective date: 20080310

RD04 Notification of resignation of power of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7424

Effective date: 20080312

A072 Dismissal of procedure [no reply to invitation to correct request for examination]

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A072

Effective date: 20080701

A072 Dismissal of procedure [no reply to invitation to correct request for examination]

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A072

Effective date: 20080708

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120307

Year of fee payment: 4

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

S531 Written request for registration of change of domicile

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313531

S533 Written request for registration of change of name

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313533

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120307

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120307

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130307

Year of fee payment: 5

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130307

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140307

Year of fee payment: 6

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees