JP2004298278A - Medical puncture needle - Google Patents

Medical puncture needle Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004298278A
JP2004298278A JP2003092642A JP2003092642A JP2004298278A JP 2004298278 A JP2004298278 A JP 2004298278A JP 2003092642 A JP2003092642 A JP 2003092642A JP 2003092642 A JP2003092642 A JP 2003092642A JP 2004298278 A JP2004298278 A JP 2004298278A
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Prior art keywords
needle
inner core
puncture needle
medical puncture
distal end
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JP2003092642A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Masaomi Imai
正臣 今井
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Terumo Corp
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Terumo Corp
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Priority to JP2003092642A priority Critical patent/JP2004298278A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a medical puncture needle of which a puncture needle can be introduced into a target section of a body such as an epidural space or the like safely and easily. <P>SOLUTION: The medical puncture needle 1 includes a hollow rod-like outer needle 2 having an edge 4a at a pointed head and an inner needle 3 having a solid rod-like inner core section 7 disposed in the outer needle 2 and a pressing section 8 disposed at a proximal end of the inner core section 7, wherein a pointed head of the above inner core section 7 projects from the pointed head of the above outer needle 2 and at least the pointed head of the above inner core section 7 is made of an elastic material. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、医療用穿刺針に関するもので、特に硬膜外麻酔に用いられる硬膜外麻酔用穿刺針に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
検査、治療、投薬などの医療目的で体内の空間或いは間隙、例えば血管、内臓内部、臓器境界内などに穿刺針を穿刺する事例は極めて多いが、その手技には危険を伴うものであることから、術者は細心の注意を払って実施しているのが現状である。例えば、硬膜外麻酔の際に、硬膜外麻酔用穿刺針を硬膜外腔に導入する事例を用いて詳細に説明する。
【0003】
図6に示すように、従来の硬膜外麻酔用穿刺針101は、先端に刃先を有する中空棒状の外針102と、この外針102の内部に装填される中実棒状の内針103とを備えている。また、内針103の寸法および形状は、外針102の中空部にほぼ対応して形成されている。そして、外針102に内針103を装填した際に、外針先端102aと内針先端103aの端面が一致するように設計されている。(例えば、特許文献1参照)
【0004】
硬膜外麻酔とは、脊椎の中に存在する硬膜外腔と呼ばれる空間に麻酔薬を投与する麻酔方法である。さらに詳しく説明すると、硬膜外腔は背部の皮膚から棘間靭帯、黄靭帯を経て到達する空間であるため、背部から硬膜外麻酔用穿刺針を穿刺し、穿刺針先端を硬膜外腔まで導入した後に、麻酔薬を注入するものである。この中で最も注意を払う操作が、穿刺針先端が硬膜外腔に達したことを検出するまでの操作である。この検出方法として、従来、主に硬膜外腔内の陰圧を利用した抵抗消失法が用いられており、生理食塩水や空気の抵抗消失により硬膜外腔に達したことを検出している。
【0005】
この一連の操作について手順に従って詳細に説明すると、まず始めに硬膜外麻酔用穿刺針を背部から穿刺する。穿刺針先端が黄靭帯に達したら、内針を抜き、生理食塩水や空気を充填したガラスシリンジを穿刺針の外針後端に接続する。シリンジの押し子を押しながら同時に穿刺を進めていくと、急に押し子の抵抗が消失し、生理食塩水や空気が体内に注入される。この時、穿刺針先端が硬膜外腔に達したことがわかり、この部位に穿刺針を通して、または穿刺針をガイドにして挿入したカテーテルを通して麻酔薬を注入するのである。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開平10−328302号公報(段落番号[0003]、図2)
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、従来の方法では、脊椎の変形のために硬膜外腔が潰れていて抵抗消失が検出されず、硬膜外腔の位置が判別困難であるケースが存在するという問題があった。また、手技上のミスなどにより誤って深く穿刺してしまうと、硬膜やくも膜を傷つけるリスクがあり、この場合には髄液漏出による頭痛など様々な副作用が発生したり、気がつかずにそのまま脊椎に多量の局所麻酔薬を投与すると全脊椎麻酔となり呼吸機能停止などが起こるなど、安全性に問題があった。さらに、ガラスシリンジに生理食塩水や空気を充填したり、このシリンジを外針に接続する手間は、極めて面倒である。
【0008】
そこで、本発明は、このような問題点を解決すべく創案されたもので、その目的は、安全に、かつ、容易に、硬膜外腔などの体内の目的部位に穿刺針を導入できる医療用穿刺針を提供することである。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記課題を解決するために、請求項1に記載の発明は、先端に刃先を有する中空棒状の外針と、この外針の内部に装填される中実棒状の内芯部とその内芯部の基端部に設けられた押当部とを有する内針とを備えた医療用穿刺針であって、前記内芯部の先端部が前記外針の先端から突出し、かつ前記内芯部の少なくとも先端部が伸縮性部材からなる医療用穿刺針として構成したものである。
【0010】
前記構成において、中実棒状の内芯部が外針で切り取られた組織片の穿刺針内部への侵入を妨げる。また、内芯部の先端部が外針の先端より突出することにより、外針の先端(刃先)が組織(例えば、硬膜)に接触することを妨げる。また、内芯部の先端部が伸縮性部材からなることにより、穿刺針が目的部位である硬膜外腔に達した際に、穿刺の押圧により縮んでいた内芯部が元の状態に戻り(伸び)、押圧が減少する。さらに、生理食塩水または空気の抵抗減少による目的部位の検出が必要なくなり、生理食塩水または空気の準備や充填作業が不要となる。
【0011】
また、請求項2に記載の発明は、先端に刃先を有する中空棒状の外針と、この外針の内部に装填される中実棒状の内芯部とその内芯部の基端部に設けられた押当部とを有する内針とを備えた医療用穿刺針であって、前記外針と内針との間に装填される中空棒状の中間針を有し、前記内芯部の先端部が前記外針の先端から突出し、かつ前記内芯部の少なくとも先端部が伸縮性部材からなる医療用穿刺針として構成したものである。
【0012】
前記構成において、前記請求項1の作用に加えて、前記中間針を有することにより内針の外径が細くなり、穿刺針が目的部位(硬膜外腔)に達した際に、目的部位(硬膜外腔)に突出する穿刺針の刃先面積が小さい段階で内芯部の先端部が外針の先端から突出して、穿刺針の押圧減少の検出時期が早まる。
【0013】
また、請求項3に記載の発明は、前記内芯部の突出長さが1〜15mmである医療用穿刺針として構成したものである。
【0014】
前記構成において、前記内芯部の突出長さが所定範囲であることにより、穿刺時の穿刺針の操作性が向上し、穿刺針が目的部位(硬膜外腔)に達した際の押圧減少が明確になる。
【0015】
また、請求項4に記載の発明は、前記伸縮性部材が、曲げ弾性率が1〜500MPaの弾性体からなる医療用穿刺針として構成したものである。
【0016】
前記構成において、前記伸縮性部材が所定範囲の曲げ弾性率の弾性体からなることにより、穿刺針が目的部位(硬膜外腔)に達した際の内芯部の復元性(縮んだ状態が元の長さに戻る)が良好となり、また、外針先端が生体組織(硬膜)に接触しない。
【0017】
また、請求項5に記載の発明は、前記外針は、その刃先がキセル形状である医療用穿刺針として構成したものである。
【0018】
前記構成において、前記外針の刃先形状が特定されることにより、外針先端から目的部位(硬膜外腔)へカテーテル等を導入する際に、カテーテル等の目的部位(硬膜外腔)での進行方向がずれにくく、カテーテル等が生体組織(硬膜)と接触しにくい。
【0019】
また、請求項6に記載の発明は、前記外針の先端には、刃面を形成する開口部と、前記外針の穿刺方向と同一方向に開口する孔とが設けられる医療用穿刺針として構成したものである。
【0020】
前記構成において、前記外針の穿刺方向と同一方向に開口する孔により、内芯部の先端部の突出方向が穿刺針の穿刺方向と同じになる。そして、内針を外針から引き抜く際に、内針の内芯部が外針の刃面に接触しない。
【0021】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施形態を図面を用いて詳細に説明する。図1は医療用穿刺針の構成を示す斜視図、図2は医療用穿刺針の先端が靭帯内にある状態を示す説明図、図3は医療用穿刺針の先端が硬膜外腔に達した状態を示す説明図、図4は医療用穿刺針の内部にカテーテルを導入した状態を示す説明図、図5(a)は医療用穿刺針の他の実施形態、(b)は外針の他の実施形態を示す部分斜視図である。
【0022】
図1に示すように、医療用穿刺針1は、中空棒状の外針2と、外針2に対して挿入、抜去が可能とされるように装填される中実棒状の内針3とを備えている。
【0023】
外針2は、金属製の外芯部4と、その外芯部4の基端部に形成されたプラスチック製のウイング5とからなり、外針2の内部に内針3を装填するための穴6が設けられている。
【0024】
また、外芯部4、ウイング5の材質は前記金属またはプラスチックに限定されず、医療用穿刺針1で使用できるものであればよい。また、外芯部4の先端には刃先4aを有し、その刃先4aの形状は、例えば、シングルポイント、ランセットポイント、バックポイント、ヒューバーポイントなど、医療用穿刺針1の目的、用途に応じて適宜選択することができる。また、外芯部4の外径は16G〜22G(約1.6〜0.7mm)、その長さは50〜200mmが好ましく、医療用穿刺針1の目的、用途に応じて適宜設定することができる。また、後記する内針3の押当部8をウイング状に形成する場合には、外針2にウイング5を設けなくてもよい。さらに、外芯部4とウイング5の接合には、従来公知の方法、例えば、エポキシ系接着剤等を使用できる。
【0025】
内針3は、中実棒状の内芯部7と、その内芯部7の基端部に設けられた押当部8とを有し、内針3が外針2に装填された際に内芯部7の先端部が外針2の先端から突出し、かつ内芯部7の少なくとも先端部が伸縮性部材からなる。
【0026】
また、内針3の内芯部7の外径は、外芯部4の内径(穴6の外径)より小さく、外針2に対して内針3が挿入・抜去可能な外径を設定する。また、内芯部7と押当部8の接合は、前記外芯部4とウイング5と同様である。また、押当部8は金属またはプラスッチクから構成される。また、内芯部7と押当部8とを一体成形で製造してもよい。さらに、外針2のウイング5の代わりに、押当部8の形状をウイング状に形成してもよい。
【0027】
また、従来の医療用穿刺針の内針は、硬膜外麻酔に使用する場合には、靭帯内に達した時点で外針から抜去されるので硬膜に接触することはない。したがって、医療用穿刺針の穿刺抵抗を低下させるために、内針の先端は外針に合わせて刃面が設けてある。しかし、本発明の内針3は硬膜に接触するので、その先端形状は鋭利な刃面ではなく、硬膜などの体内組織を傷つけない鈍角な面を有する形状が好ましい。
【0028】
また、内針3は、外針2により切り取られた組織片が外針2内部に詰まる(コアリング)のを防止する目的に加え、外針2で硬膜などの体内組織を傷つけないような安全機能を付加する目的で、内針3が外針2に装填された際に内芯部7の先端部が外針2(外芯部4)の先端から突出するように設定されている。つまり、後記する医療用穿刺針1の使用方法で述べるように、医療用穿刺針1が硬膜外腔に達したとき、内針3(内芯部7)の先端部が外針2(外芯部4)の先端から突出するため、外針2先端が組織に接触することを妨げるからである。
【0029】
また、内針3(内芯部7)の先端部の突出長さは1〜15mmが好ましい。突出長さが15mmを超えると医療用穿刺針1の使用時の操作性が悪くなり、1mm以下であれば医療用穿刺針1の押圧減少の確認が困難になる。例えば、医療用穿刺針1の目的部位(留置位置)が硬膜外腔の場合には、硬膜外腔の深さは個人差が大きいが、一般に下部頚椎で2mm、中部胸椎で3〜5mm、腰椎で5〜6mm程度であることから、内針3における内芯部7の突出長さは1〜15mm、好ましくは2〜5mmである。
【0030】
一方、内芯部7の突出長さは、患者の体の大きさや状態によって使い分けしたい場合があることも想定される。この場合、押当部8をウイング状に形成し、この押当部8または外針2のウイング5の部分に、押当部8とウイング5との間の距離を調節できる、例えばネジなどの調節機構を設けて、内芯部7の突出長さを調節することにしてもよい。
【0031】
また、内針3の内芯部7を構成する伸縮性部材は、弾性体からなりゴム、プラスッチクまたはそれらの材料を含むブレンド材料が好ましく、JIS K7203に準じて測定された曲げ弾性率が1〜500MPaの弾性体が好ましい。曲げ弾性率が500MPaを超えると、その硬さが原因で硬膜などの生体組織を傷つけてしまう恐れがあり、1MPa未満であると、医療用穿刺針1の目的部位の確認(押圧減少の確認)が困難になる。
【0032】
また、弾性体の材質は、特に、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリブタジエンなどのポリオレフィン、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体(EVA)などのポリオレフィンを50重量%以上含むポリオレフィン系樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)などのポリエステル、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、シリコーン、ポリウレタン、ポリアミド、ポリエーテル、ポリスチレンやイソプレンゴム、シリコーンゴム、ウレタンゴムなどの加硫ゴム、各種エラストマー等の各種熱可塑性エラストマーあるいはこれらを任意に組み合わせたもの(ブレンド樹脂、ポリマーアロイ、積層体など)が挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではない。
【0033】
また、内針3の内芯部7は、その少なくとも先端部が伸縮性部材で構成されている。医療用穿刺針1の使用時の操作性、目的部位の確認(押圧減少の確認)の容易性から、特に、内芯部7全体が伸縮性部材で構成されていることが好ましい。しかし、外芯部4の外径が細く、外芯部4の中空部で内芯部7が変形(縮む)する空間が小さい場合には、内芯部7の少なくとも先端部以外の部分にバネ等の付勢部材を介在させてもよい。
【0034】
つぎに、本発明の医療用穿刺針の使用方法を、硬膜麻酔時の使用方法を例にとって説明する。図2〜図4に示すように、脊椎部は脊髄Aを中心にして、腹部側に硬膜B、後縦靭帯I、椎体J、椎間板K、前縦靭帯Lがあり、背部側に硬膜B、黄靭帯D、棘突起F、棘間靭帯E、棘上靭帯G、皮膚Hとなる。硬膜麻酔は、硬膜Bと黄靭帯Dとの間の空間である硬膜外腔Cに医療用穿刺針1を通して麻酔薬を投与するものである。
【0035】
まず、医療用穿刺針の内針(内芯部)先端を外針の先端の刃面に合わせる。この状態で、背部から医療用穿刺針を穿刺する。図2に示すように、ウイング5と押当部8を保持して医療用穿刺針1を押圧で進めていくと、外針2の先端が靭帯(図2では棘間靭帯E)などの組織にある時は押圧が開放されないため、指には押圧に等しい圧力を感じる。
【0036】
この状態でさらに穿刺を進め、外芯部4の先端が硬膜外腔Cに達した時、図3に示すように、内芯部7の先端部が、外芯部4の先端から突出し、硬膜外腔C内に開放されるので、押圧の減少を親指で感じることができる。このとき、鈍角な面を有する内芯部7の先端部が硬膜Bにつっかえた形となるので、鋭利な外芯部4の先端による硬膜Bの穿刺(損傷)のリスクを減少させることができるのである。
【0037】
この状態で、図4に示すように、外針2から内針3を抜き取り、あらかじめ用意しておいた麻酔用カテーテル12を、外針2の基端部(穴6)から外針2の内部に挿入する。麻酔用カテーテル12の先端部を硬膜外腔C内に導入し、麻酔用カテーテル12を通して麻酔薬を投与する。
【0038】
前記した本発明の医療用穿刺針の使用方法(手技)においては、硬膜外腔への留置確認のために従来使用していた生理食塩水等を必要としない。したがって、生理食塩水の準備や充填作業が不要となり、また、前記作業時に医療用穿刺針が微生物や異物によって汚染されるリスクもなくなり、従来法に比べ衛生的で、簡素化された、新しい抵抗消失法と言える。
【0039】
一方、この生理食塩水の充填作業を好まない術者は、空気を使用することがある。しかし、これには空気ブロックによる麻酔効果の低下や、空気が脳周辺部へ移動し脳圧迫に伴う頭痛、空気中の微生物や異物の体内投与などのリスクが伴う。以上から本発明の医療用穿刺針の使用方法は、生理食塩水や空気などを使わないため、衛生的で、しかも手技が大幅に簡素化されるものである。
【0040】
また、医療用穿刺針の他の実施形態について説明する。図5(a)に示すように、医療用穿刺針1aは、前記外針(外芯部4)と、外針(外芯部4)内部に装填される中間針9と、中間針9内部に装填される内針(内芯部10)とから構成されている。中間針9は前記したコアリング防止としての機能を果たし、内針(内芯部10)は前記内針3と同様な構成を有し、同様の機能を果たすものである。中間針9は、金属製またはプラスチック製の中空棒状部材からなり、その先端に刃先を有し、外芯部4内部に装填された際に、外芯部4の刃面と一致するように設定されている。また、中間針9は、その長手方向に沿って全長にわたり側面に開口した溝を設けたものであってもよい。
【0041】
そして、前記医療用穿刺針1aの内芯部10は、前記内針3の内芯部7の外径より細い外径を有することになり、医療用穿刺針1aが目的部位(例えば、硬膜外腔)に達した際に、目的部位(硬膜外腔)に突出する医療用穿刺針の刃先面積が小さい段階で、内芯部10の先端部が外芯部4先端から突出して、医療用穿刺針の押圧減少の検出時期が早まる。また、外芯部4による生体組織(例えば、硬膜)の損傷のリスクを低下させることができる。
【0042】
また、図5(b)に示すように、医療用穿刺針1bは、外針(外芯部4)としてキセル形状の刃先形状を有するもの(トーイ針)を使用し、外針(外芯部4)の先端に、刃面を形成する開口部と、外針(外芯部4)の穿刺方向Xと同一方向に開口する孔11とが設けられている。
【0043】
そして、キセル形状の刃先形状とは、外針(外芯部4)の先端部が、外針(外芯部4)の穿刺方向Xから穿刺方向Xと異なる方向に、所定角度θだけ滑らかに曲げられた刃先形状である。この刃先形状により、外芯部4先端から目的部位(硬膜外腔)へカテーテル12等を導入する際に(図4参照)、カテーテル12等の目的部位(硬膜外腔)での進行方向がずれにくく、カテーテル等が生体組織(例えば、硬膜)と接触しにくく、生体組織(例えば、硬膜)が損傷しにくい。
【0044】
また、外芯部4の穿刺方向Xと同一方向に開口する孔11の形成により、内芯部7の先端部の突出方向が医療用穿刺針1bの穿刺方向と同じになる。これにより、内芯部7を外芯部4から引き抜く際に、内芯部7が外芯部4の刃面に接触せず、内芯部7の切断が起こりにくく、切断片により外芯部4の内部が閉塞されるリスクがなくなる。また、外芯部4の先端部が曲がっていないストレート形状の刃先形状であれば前述の孔11は必要ないことは言うまでもない。
【0045】
また、本発明の医療用穿刺針に、従来の内針103(図6参照)を別パーツとして加えたキットでもよい。すなわち、硬膜外麻酔の際に、黄靭帯D(図2参照)の穿刺までは従来の内針103を外針に装填した医療用穿刺針を使用し、外針先端が黄靭帯D(図2参照)に達した後に、従来の内針103を外針から抜き、従来、生理食塩水や空気を充填したガラスシリンジを取り付けるこの場面で、本発明の内針を外針に挿入し使用してもよい。
【0046】
本発明の医療用穿刺針の滅菌方法は特に限定されるものではなく、高圧蒸気滅菌、エチレンオキサイドガス滅菌、γ戦滅菌、その他滅菌を使用できる。
【0047】
さらに、本発明の医療用穿刺針は、硬膜外麻酔用穿刺針に限定されるものではなく、この他に通常の注射針、静脈針、動脈針などの血管穿刺具や検査用の組織採取用具、各臓器への薬液等注入用穿刺針などがある。
【0048】
【実施例】
本発明について具体的に実施例を挙げて説明する。表1に示すように、実施例1〜実施例6は本発明の硬膜外麻酔用穿刺針、比較例1〜比較例4は本発明の特許請求範囲外の硬膜外麻酔用穿刺針である。
【0049】
また、前記硬膜外麻酔用穿刺針の安全性の評価としては、ブタを用いて、硬膜外麻酔用穿刺針を硬膜外腔まで20回穿刺したときの硬膜上の傷を目視で調べ、その結果を表1に示した。また、操作性の評価としては、優秀なものを「◎」、良好なものを「○」、不良のものを「×」とし、その結果を表1に示した。なお、比較例の硬膜外腔への穿刺確認は、生理食塩水を充填したガラスシリンジを用いた抵抗消失法で実施した。
【0050】
(実施例1)
17G用の硬膜外麻酔用穿刺針として、外針(外径1.4mm、全長100mm)に、曲げ弾性率500MPaのポリエチレン製の内針(内芯部の長さ105mm)を装填したものを用いた。
(比較例1)
17G用の硬膜外麻酔用穿刺針として、外針(外径1.4mm、全長100mm)に、曲げ弾性率700MPaのポリエチレン製の内針(内芯部の長さ105mm)を装填したものを用いた。
【0051】
(実施例2)
17G用の硬膜外麻酔用穿刺針として、外針(外径1.4mm、全長100mm)に、曲げ弾性率1MPaの油添スチレン系エラストマー製の内針(内芯部の長さ115mm)を装填したものを用いた。
(実施例3)
17G用の硬膜外麻酔用穿刺針として、外針(外径1.4mm、全長100mm)に、曲げ弾性率300MPaのエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体製の内針(内芯部の長さ102mm)を装填したものを用いた。
(比較例2)
17G用の硬膜外麻酔用穿刺針として、外針(外径1.4mm、全長100mm)に、曲げ弾性率500MPaのポリエチレン製の内針(内芯部の長さ120mm)を装填したものを用いた。
(比較例3)
17G用の硬膜外麻酔用穿刺針として、外針(外径1.4mm、全長100mm)に、曲げ弾性率550MPaのポリアミド系エラストマー製の内針(内芯部の長さ110mm)を装填したものを用いた。
【0052】
(実施例4)
16G用の硬膜外麻酔用穿刺針として、外針(外径1.6mm、全長100mm)に、曲げ弾性率2,800MPaのポリプロピレン製の長手方向に溝が形成された中間針(外針内の長さ100mm、外径1.3mm、内径0.7mm)が装填され、さらに中間針の内部に挿入できる曲げ弾性率100MPaのポリブタジエン製の内針(内芯部の長さ101mm、外径0.6mm)が装填されたものを用いた。
(実施例5)
17G用の硬膜外麻酔用穿刺針として、外針(外径1.4mm、全長100mm)に、従来の硬膜外麻酔用穿刺針に使用されていた第1内針(内芯部の長さ100mm)が装填されたものを用い、黄靭帯まで穿刺した。その後、第1内針を抜き取り、本発明の曲げ弾性率150MPaのポリウレタン製の第2内針(内芯部の長さ104mm)が装填されたものを用いて、硬膜外腔まで穿刺した。
(実施例6)
17G用の硬膜外麻酔用穿刺針として、刃先がキセル形状の外針(外径1.4mm、全長100mm)、穿刺方向の先端部にφ1.5mmの孔が空いている)に、曲げ弾性率200MPaのポリウレタン製の内針(内芯部の長さ105mm、外径1.0mm)が装填されたものを用いた。
【0053】
(比較例4)
17G用の硬膜外麻酔用穿刺針として、外針(外径1.4mm、全長100mm)に、曲げ弾性率2,500MPaのポリエチレン製の内針(内芯部の長さ100mm)を装填したものを用いた。
【0054】
【表1】

Figure 2004298278
【0055】
表1に示すように、実施例1〜実施例6の硬膜外麻酔用穿刺針は、安全性および操作性において満足なものであった。また、比較例1〜比較例4の硬膜外麻酔用穿刺針は、安全性および操作性において満足なものではなかった。
【0056】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように本発明の医療用穿刺針は、医療用穿刺針の先端が目的部位に達すると、少なくとも先端部が柔軟で鈍角な面を有する内針(内芯部)が、外針先端から突出し対向する壁面に達するので、鋭利な外針(外芯部)による対向壁面の穿刺のリスクを減少させ、安全性に優れている。さらに、医療用穿刺針の目的部位への導入確認が触感で容易にできると共に、術者の手技も簡素化される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の医療用穿刺針の構成を示す斜視図である。
【図2】本発明の医療用穿刺針の先端が靭帯内にある状態を示す説明図である。
【図3】本発明の医療用穿刺針の先端が硬膜外腔に達した状態を示す説明図である。
【図4】本発明の医療用穿刺針の内部にカテーテルを導入した状態を示す説明図である。
【図5】(a)は医療用穿刺針の他の実施形態、(b)は外針の他の実施形態を示す部分斜視図である。
【図6】(a)は従来の医療用穿刺針の部分斜視図、(b)は部分断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1、1a、1b 医療用穿刺針
2 外針
3 内針
4 外芯部
4a 刃先
5 ウイング
6 穴
7、10 内芯部
8 押当部
9 中間針
11 孔
12 麻酔用カテーテル
X 穿刺方向
θ 角度[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a puncture needle for medical use, and particularly to a puncture needle for epidural anesthesia used for epidural anesthesia.
[0002]
[Prior art]
There are many cases where a puncture needle is punctured into a space or gap in the body for medical purposes such as inspection, treatment, medication, etc., for example, inside blood vessels, internal organs, and organ boundaries, but the procedure involves danger. At present, the surgeon carries out the treatment with great care. For example, a detailed description will be given using an example in which a puncture needle for epidural anesthesia is introduced into the epidural space during epidural anesthesia.
[0003]
As shown in FIG. 6, the conventional epidural anesthesia puncture needle 101 includes a hollow rod-shaped outer needle 102 having a cutting edge at a tip, and a solid rod-shaped inner needle 103 loaded inside the outer needle 102. It has. The size and shape of the inner needle 103 are formed substantially corresponding to the hollow portion of the outer needle 102. The inner needle 103 is designed so that when the inner needle 103 is loaded into the outer needle 102, the end faces of the outer needle tip 102a and the inner needle tip 103a coincide. (For example, see Patent Document 1)
[0004]
Epidural anesthesia is an anesthesia method in which an anesthetic is administered to a space called an epidural space existing in the spine. More specifically, since the epidural space is a space that reaches from the skin of the back via the interspinous ligament and the yellow ligament, the puncture needle for epidural anesthesia is punctured from the back, and the tip of the puncture needle is inserted into the epidural space. After the introduction, the anesthetic is injected. The operation that pays the most attention is the operation until it is detected that the tip of the puncture needle has reached the epidural space. Conventionally, as this detection method, a resistance loss method using negative pressure in the epidural space has been mainly used, and it is detected that the epidural space has been reached due to the loss of resistance of physiological saline or air. I have.
[0005]
This series of operations will be described in detail according to the procedure. First, a puncture needle for epidural anesthesia is punctured from the back. When the tip of the puncture needle reaches the yellow ligament, the inner needle is removed, and a glass syringe filled with saline or air is connected to the rear end of the outer needle of the puncture needle. If the puncture is advanced simultaneously while pressing the pusher of the syringe, the resistance of the pusher suddenly disappears, and physiological saline or air is injected into the body. At this time, it is found that the tip of the puncture needle has reached the epidural space, and the anesthetic is injected into this site through the puncture needle or through a catheter inserted with the puncture needle as a guide.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-10-328302 (paragraph number [0003], FIG. 2)
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the conventional method has a problem in that the epidural space is crushed due to the deformation of the spine, no loss of resistance is detected, and the position of the epidural space is difficult to determine. In addition, there is a risk that the dura or arachnoid may be damaged if a deep puncture is made accidentally due to a technical mistake or the like.In this case, various side effects such as headache due to leakage of cerebrospinal fluid may occur or the spine may not be noticed. When a large amount of local anesthetic was administered to a patient, the patient became totally vertebral anesthetized, causing respiratory dysfunction and other problems. Furthermore, it is extremely troublesome to fill the glass syringe with physiological saline or air or to connect the syringe to the outer needle.
[0008]
Therefore, the present invention has been devised to solve such a problem, and its purpose is to safely and easily introduce a puncture needle into a target site in a body such as an epidural space. Puncture needle is provided.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 provides a hollow rod-shaped outer needle having a cutting edge at a tip, a solid rod-shaped inner core loaded inside the outer needle, and an inner core thereof. A medical puncture needle comprising: an inner needle having a pressing portion provided at a base end of the medical device, wherein a distal end portion of the inner core portion projects from a distal end of the outer needle, and At least the distal end is configured as a medical puncture needle made of an elastic member.
[0010]
In the above configuration, the solid core-shaped inner core prevents the tissue piece cut by the outer needle from entering the inside of the puncture needle. In addition, since the distal end of the inner core protrudes from the distal end of the outer needle, the distal end (edge) of the outer needle is prevented from contacting a tissue (for example, dura). In addition, since the distal end portion of the inner core portion is made of an elastic member, when the puncture needle reaches the epidural space, which is the target site, the inner core portion that has shrunk by pressing the puncture returns to the original state. (Elongation), pressure decreases. Further, it is not necessary to detect a target site due to a decrease in the resistance of the physiological saline or air, so that the preparation or filling operation of the physiological saline or air is not required.
[0011]
The invention according to claim 2 provides a hollow rod-shaped outer needle having a cutting edge at a distal end, a solid rod-shaped inner core to be loaded inside the outer needle, and a base end of the inner core. A medical puncture needle comprising: an inner needle having a pressed portion; and a hollow rod-shaped intermediate needle inserted between the outer needle and the inner needle, and a tip of the inner core portion. A part protrudes from a tip of the outer needle, and at least a tip of the inner core is configured as a medical puncture needle made of an elastic member.
[0012]
In the above configuration, in addition to the operation of the first aspect, the outer diameter of the inner needle is reduced by having the intermediate needle, and when the puncture needle reaches the target site (epidural space), the target site ( At the stage where the cutting edge area of the puncture needle protruding into the epidural space) is small, the distal end of the inner core portion protrudes from the distal end of the outer needle, and the detection timing of the decrease in the pressure of the puncture needle is advanced.
[0013]
The invention according to claim 3 is configured as a medical puncture needle in which the protruding length of the inner core portion is 1 to 15 mm.
[0014]
In the above configuration, the operability of the puncture needle at the time of puncture is improved by the protrusion length of the inner core portion being within the predetermined range, and the pressure when the puncture needle reaches the target site (epidural space) is reduced. Becomes clear.
[0015]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the elastic member is configured as a medical puncture needle made of an elastic body having a flexural modulus of 1 to 500 MPa.
[0016]
In the above configuration, since the elastic member is made of an elastic body having a bending elastic modulus within a predetermined range, the inner core can be restored (the contracted state can be reduced) when the puncture needle reaches the target site (epidural space). (Return to the original length), and the tip of the outer needle does not come into contact with the living tissue (dura).
[0017]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the outer needle is configured as a medical puncture needle whose cutting edge is in the form of a xel.
[0018]
In the above configuration, by specifying the shape of the cutting edge of the outer needle, when introducing a catheter or the like from the distal end of the outer needle to a target site (epidural space), the target site (epidural space) of the catheter or the like is used. Is less likely to shift, and the catheter or the like is less likely to come into contact with living tissue (dura).
[0019]
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a medical puncture needle provided with an opening that forms a blade surface and a hole that opens in the same direction as the puncture direction of the outer needle at the tip of the outer needle. It is composed.
[0020]
In the above configuration, the hole that opens in the same direction as the puncture direction of the outer needle causes the tip of the inner core to project in the same direction as the puncture direction of the puncture needle. And when pulling out an inner needle from an outer needle, the inner core part of an inner needle does not contact the blade surface of an outer needle.
[0021]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the configuration of a medical puncture needle, FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a state where the distal end of the medical puncture needle is in a ligament, and FIG. 3 is a diagram in which the distal end of the medical puncture needle reaches an epidural space. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a state in which a catheter is introduced into a medical puncture needle, FIG. 5A is another embodiment of a medical puncture needle, and FIG. It is a partial perspective view showing other embodiments.
[0022]
As shown in FIG. 1, a medical puncture needle 1 includes a hollow rod-shaped outer needle 2 and a solid rod-shaped inner needle 3 which is loaded so as to be inserted into and withdrawn from the outer needle 2. Have.
[0023]
The outer needle 2 includes a metal outer core 4 and a plastic wing 5 formed at the base end of the outer core 4, and is used to load the inner needle 3 inside the outer needle 2. A hole 6 is provided.
[0024]
Further, the material of the outer core 4 and the wing 5 is not limited to the above-mentioned metal or plastic, and may be any material that can be used for the medical puncture needle 1. The tip of the outer core 4 has a cutting edge 4a, and the shape of the cutting edge 4a depends on the purpose and use of the medical puncture needle 1, such as a single point, a lancet point, a back point, and a Huber point. It can be selected as appropriate. Further, the outer diameter of the outer core portion 4 is preferably 16 G to 22 G (about 1.6 to 0.7 mm) and the length thereof is preferably 50 to 200 mm, and may be appropriately set according to the purpose and use of the medical puncture needle 1. Can be. Further, when the pressing portion 8 of the inner needle 3 described later is formed in a wing shape, the outer needle 2 need not be provided with the wing 5. Further, the outer core 4 and the wing 5 can be joined by a conventionally known method, for example, an epoxy adhesive.
[0025]
The inner needle 3 has a solid rod-shaped inner core portion 7 and a pressing portion 8 provided at a base end portion of the inner core portion 7, and when the inner needle 3 is loaded on the outer needle 2. The distal end of the inner core 7 protrudes from the distal end of the outer needle 2, and at least the distal end of the inner core 7 is made of an elastic member.
[0026]
The outer diameter of the inner core 7 of the inner needle 3 is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer core 4 (the outer diameter of the hole 6), and the outer diameter at which the inner needle 3 can be inserted into and removed from the outer needle 2 is set. I do. The joining of the inner core 7 and the pressing part 8 is the same as that of the outer core 4 and the wing 5. The pressing portion 8 is made of metal or plastic. Further, the inner core portion 7 and the pressing portion 8 may be manufactured by integral molding. Further, instead of the wing 5 of the outer needle 2, the pressing portion 8 may be formed in a wing shape.
[0027]
In addition, when used for epidural anesthesia, the inner needle of a conventional medical puncture needle is removed from the outer needle when it reaches the ligament, so that it does not come into contact with the dura. Therefore, in order to reduce the puncture resistance of the medical puncture needle, the tip of the inner needle is provided with a blade surface in accordance with the outer needle. However, since the inner needle 3 of the present invention comes into contact with the dura, its tip shape is preferably not a sharp blade surface but a shape having an obtuse surface that does not damage the in-vivo tissue such as the dura.
[0028]
The inner needle 3 is used not only to prevent a piece of tissue cut by the outer needle 2 from being clogged (coring) inside the outer needle 2, but also to prevent the outer needle 2 from damaging in-vivo tissues such as the dura. For the purpose of adding a safety function, the tip of the inner core 7 is set to protrude from the tip of the outer needle 2 (outer core 4) when the inner needle 3 is loaded into the outer needle 2. That is, when the medical puncture needle 1 reaches the epidural space, the distal end of the inner needle 3 (the inner core 7) is connected to the outer needle 2 (the outer needle), as described in the method of using the medical puncture needle 1 described later. This is because the distal end of the core portion 4) projects from the distal end, thereby preventing the distal end of the outer needle 2 from contacting the tissue.
[0029]
Further, the protruding length of the tip of the inner needle 3 (the inner core 7) is preferably 1 to 15 mm. If the protruding length exceeds 15 mm, the operability at the time of using the medical puncture needle 1 is deteriorated, and if it is 1 mm or less, it is difficult to confirm the decrease in the pressing of the medical puncture needle 1. For example, when the target site (the indwelling position) of the medical puncture needle 1 is an epidural space, the depth of the epidural space varies greatly among individuals, but is generally 2 mm in the lower cervical vertebra and 3 to 5 mm in the middle thoracic vertebra. Since the length of the lumbar spine is about 5 to 6 mm, the protruding length of the inner core 7 of the inner needle 3 is 1 to 15 mm, preferably 2 to 5 mm.
[0030]
On the other hand, it is also assumed that the protruding length of the inner core 7 may be properly used depending on the size and condition of the patient's body. In this case, the pressing portion 8 is formed in a wing shape, and the distance between the pressing portion 8 and the wing 5 can be adjusted on the pressing portion 8 or the wing 5 of the outer needle 2, for example, a screw or the like. An adjusting mechanism may be provided to adjust the protruding length of the inner core 7.
[0031]
The elastic member constituting the inner core portion 7 of the inner needle 3 is preferably made of an elastic material, and is preferably rubber, plastic, or a blend material containing these materials, and has a flexural modulus of 1 to 1 measured according to JIS K7203. An elastic body of 500 MPa is preferred. If the flexural modulus exceeds 500 MPa, there is a risk of damaging living tissue such as the dura due to its hardness. If the flexural modulus is less than 1 MPa, confirmation of the target site of the medical puncture needle 1 (confirmation of decrease in pressing) ) Becomes difficult.
[0032]
The material of the elastic body is, in particular, a polyolefin such as polypropylene, polyethylene and polybutadiene, a polyolefin resin containing 50% by weight or more of polyolefin such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and a polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Vulcanized rubber such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, silicone, polyurethane, polyamide, polyether, polystyrene, isoprene rubber, silicone rubber, urethane rubber, various thermoplastic elastomers such as various elastomers, or any combination thereof (Blend resin, polymer alloy, laminate, etc.), but are not limited thereto.
[0033]
Further, at least the distal end of the inner core 7 of the inner needle 3 is formed of an elastic member. From the viewpoint of operability when using the medical puncture needle 1 and easiness of confirming a target portion (confirming decrease in pressing), it is particularly preferable that the entire inner core portion 7 is formed of a stretchable member. However, when the outer diameter of the outer core portion 4 is small and the space in which the inner core portion 7 is deformed (shrinks) in the hollow portion of the outer core portion 4 is small, at least a portion of the inner core portion 7 other than the distal end portion has a spring. May be interposed.
[0034]
Next, a method of using the medical puncture needle of the present invention will be described with reference to an example of a method of use during dural anesthesia. As shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 4, the spine has a dura mater B, a posterior longitudinal ligament I, a vertebral body J, an intervertebral disc K, and an anterior longitudinal ligament L on the abdominal side with the spinal cord A as the center, and the hard part on the dorsal side. The membrane B, the yellow ligament D, the spinous process F, the interspinous ligament E, the supraspinous ligament G, and the skin H are formed. In dural anesthesia, an anesthetic is administered through a medical puncture needle 1 to an epidural space C, which is a space between the dura B and the ligamentum ligament D.
[0035]
First, the tip of the inner needle (inner core) of the medical puncture needle is aligned with the blade surface of the tip of the outer needle. In this state, the medical puncture needle is punctured from the back. As shown in FIG. 2, when the medical puncture needle 1 is advanced by pressing while holding the wing 5 and the pressing portion 8, the distal end of the outer needle 2 becomes a tissue such as a ligament (an interspinous ligament E in FIG. 2). , The pressure is not released, and the finger feels a pressure equal to the pressure.
[0036]
In this state, the puncture is further advanced, and when the distal end of the outer core 4 reaches the epidural space C, the distal end of the inner core 7 projects from the distal end of the outer core 4, as shown in FIG. Since it is opened into the epidural space C, the decrease in pressure can be felt with the thumb. At this time, since the tip of the inner core portion 7 having an obtuse surface has a shape in which it is stuck to the dura B, the risk of puncture (damage) of the dura B by the sharp tip of the outer core portion 4 is reduced. You can do it.
[0037]
In this state, as shown in FIG. 4, the inner needle 3 is withdrawn from the outer needle 2 and the prepared anesthesia catheter 12 is inserted into the inner needle 3 from the base end (hole 6) of the outer needle 2. Insert The tip of the anesthesia catheter 12 is introduced into the epidural space C, and an anesthetic is administered through the anesthesia catheter 12.
[0038]
In the above-described method (technique) of using the medical puncture needle of the present invention, physiological saline or the like which has been conventionally used for confirming the indwelling in the epidural space is not required. Therefore, the preparation and filling operation of the physiological saline solution is not required, and the risk of contamination of the medical puncture needle by microorganisms or foreign substances during the operation is eliminated. It can be called an elimination method.
[0039]
On the other hand, an operator who does not like the operation of filling the saline may use air. However, this involves risks such as a decrease in the anesthesia effect due to the air block, a headache caused by air movement to the periphery of the brain and brain compression, and the in vivo administration of microorganisms and foreign substances in the air. As described above, the method of using the medical puncture needle of the present invention does not use physiological saline or air, so that it is sanitary and the procedure is greatly simplified.
[0040]
Another embodiment of the medical puncture needle will be described. As shown in FIG. 5A, the medical puncture needle 1a includes the outer needle (outer core 4), the intermediate needle 9 loaded inside the outer needle (outer core 4), and the inside of the intermediate needle 9. And the inner needle (inner core portion 10) to be loaded into the inner needle. The intermediate needle 9 has the function of preventing coring described above, and the inner needle (inner core portion 10) has the same configuration as the inner needle 3 and has the same function. The intermediate needle 9 is made of a metal or plastic hollow rod-shaped member, has a cutting edge at its tip, and is set so as to coincide with the blade surface of the outer core 4 when it is loaded inside the outer core 4. Have been. Further, the intermediate needle 9 may be provided with a groove that is opened on the side surface over the entire length along the longitudinal direction.
[0041]
The inner core 10 of the medical puncture needle 1a has an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the inner core 7 of the inner needle 3, and the medical puncture needle 1a When the medical puncture needle protrudes to the target site (epidural space) when the cutting edge area of the medical puncture needle is small, the distal end of the inner core 10 protrudes from the distal end of the outer core 4 to reach the medical site. The detection time of the decrease in the pressing of the puncture needle is advanced. In addition, the risk of damage to the living tissue (for example, the dura) by the outer core 4 can be reduced.
[0042]
Further, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), the medical puncture needle 1b uses an outer needle (outer core portion 4) having a xylus-shaped cutting edge (toy needle) as an outer needle (outer core portion). At the tip of 4), an opening forming a blade surface and a hole 11 opening in the same direction as the puncture direction X of the outer needle (outer core 4) are provided.
[0043]
In addition, the edge shape of the outer needle (outer core portion 4) is such that the tip portion of the outer needle (outer core portion 4) is smoothly shifted by a predetermined angle θ from the puncture direction X of the outer needle (outer core portion 4) in a direction different from the puncture direction X. It has a bent edge shape. Due to the shape of the cutting edge, when the catheter 12 and the like are introduced from the distal end of the outer core portion 4 to the target site (epidural space) (see FIG. 4), the traveling direction at the target site (epidural space) of the catheter 12 and the like It is difficult for the catheter or the like to come into contact with the living tissue (for example, dura), and the living tissue (for example, dura) is not easily damaged.
[0044]
Further, by forming the hole 11 that opens in the same direction as the puncture direction X of the outer core 4, the projecting direction of the distal end of the inner core 7 becomes the same as the puncture direction of the medical puncture needle 1b. Thereby, when the inner core 7 is pulled out from the outer core 4, the inner core 7 does not contact the blade surface of the outer core 4, so that the inner core 7 is less likely to be cut, and the cut pieces are used to cut the inner core 7. There is no risk of the inside of 4 being blocked. Needless to say, the above-described hole 11 is not required if the tip of the outer core 4 is a straight blade edge shape that is not bent.
[0045]
Further, a kit in which the conventional inner needle 103 (see FIG. 6) is added as a separate part to the medical puncture needle of the present invention may be used. That is, at the time of epidural anesthesia, a medical puncture needle in which the conventional inner needle 103 is loaded on the outer needle is used until the puncture of the yellow ligament D (see FIG. 2), and the tip of the outer needle is the yellow ligament D (see FIG. 2). 2), the conventional inner needle 103 is pulled out of the outer needle, and the glass needle filled with physiological saline or air is attached in this situation, and the inner needle of the present invention is inserted into the outer needle and used. You may.
[0046]
The method for sterilizing the medical puncture needle of the present invention is not particularly limited, and high-pressure steam sterilization, ethylene oxide gas sterilization, γ-warming sterilization, and other sterilization can be used.
[0047]
Furthermore, the medical puncture needle of the present invention is not limited to a puncture needle for epidural anesthesia, and may be a vascular puncture tool such as a normal injection needle, a venous needle, an arterial needle, or a tissue for examination. There are a tool, a puncture needle for injecting a drug solution into each organ, and the like.
[0048]
【Example】
The present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples. As shown in Table 1, Examples 1 to 6 are puncture needles for epidural anesthesia of the present invention, and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are puncture needles for epidural anesthesia out of the claims of the present invention. is there.
[0049]
In addition, as an evaluation of the safety of the epidural anesthesia puncture needle, using a pig, the epidural wound was visually inspected when the epidural anesthesia puncture needle was punctured 20 times to the epidural space. Investigation and the results are shown in Table 1. The evaluation of operability was indicated by “◎” for excellent ones, “を” for good ones, and “×” for poor ones. The results are shown in Table 1. The puncture of the epidural space in the comparative example was confirmed by a resistance disappearance method using a glass syringe filled with physiological saline.
[0050]
(Example 1)
As a puncture needle for epidural anesthesia for 17G, an outer needle (outer diameter: 1.4 mm, overall length: 100 mm) loaded with a polyethylene inner needle (inner core length: 105 mm) having a bending elastic modulus of 500 MPa is used. Using.
(Comparative Example 1)
As a puncture needle for epidural anesthesia for 17G, an outer needle (outer diameter: 1.4 mm, total length: 100 mm) loaded with a polyethylene inner needle (inner core length: 105 mm) having a flexural modulus of 700 MPa is used. Using.
[0051]
(Example 2)
As an epidural needle for epidural anesthesia for 17G, an outer needle (outer diameter: 1.4 mm, total length: 100 mm) and an inner needle made of an oil-added styrene-based elastomer having a flexural modulus of 1 MPa (inner core length: 115 mm) were used. The loaded one was used.
(Example 3)
As a puncture needle for epidural anesthesia for 17G, an outer needle (outer diameter: 1.4 mm, total length: 100 mm) is attached to an inner needle made of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a flexural modulus of 300 MPa (inner core length: 102 mm). ) Was used.
(Comparative Example 2)
As a puncture needle for epidural anesthesia for 17G, an outer needle (outer diameter 1.4 mm, total length 100 mm) loaded with a polyethylene inner needle (inner core length 120 mm) having a bending elastic modulus of 500 MPa is used. Using.
(Comparative Example 3)
As a puncture needle for epidural anesthesia for 17G, an outer needle (outer diameter: 1.4 mm, total length: 100 mm) was loaded with an inner needle made of polyamide elastomer having a flexural modulus of elasticity of 550 MPa (inner core length: 110 mm). Was used.
[0052]
(Example 4)
As a puncture needle for epidural anesthesia for 16G, an outer needle (outer diameter: 1.6 mm, total length: 100 mm), an intermediate needle in which a longitudinal groove made of polypropylene having a bending elastic modulus of 2,800 MPa (in the outer needle) 100 mm, outer diameter 1.3 mm, inner diameter 0.7 mm), and a polybutadiene inner needle (inner core length 101 mm, outer diameter 0) having a bending elastic modulus of 100 MPa that can be inserted into the intermediate needle. 0.6 mm) was used.
(Example 5)
As a puncture needle for epidural anesthesia for 17G, an outer needle (outer diameter: 1.4 mm, total length: 100 mm) is connected to a first inner needle (length of inner core portion) used for a conventional puncture needle for epidural anesthesia. (100 mm) was punctured up to the yellow ligament. Thereafter, the first inner needle was withdrawn and punctured to the epidural space using the one loaded with the second inner needle made of polyurethane having a flexural modulus of 150 MPa of the present invention (inner core length: 104 mm).
(Example 6)
As a puncture needle for epidural anesthesia for 17G, a beveled elastic needle (outer diameter: 1.4 mm, total length: 100 mm), a 1.5 mm hole at the tip in the puncture direction) An inner needle made of polyurethane with a rate of 200 MPa (inner core length 105 mm, outer diameter 1.0 mm) was used.
[0053]
(Comparative Example 4)
As a puncture needle for epidural anesthesia for 17G, an outer needle (outer diameter: 1.4 mm, total length: 100 mm) was loaded with a polyethylene inner needle (inner core length: 100 mm) having a bending elastic modulus of 2,500 MPa. Was used.
[0054]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004298278
[0055]
As shown in Table 1, the puncture needles for epidural anesthesia of Examples 1 to 6 were satisfactory in safety and operability. Further, the puncture needles for epidural anesthesia of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were not satisfactory in safety and operability.
[0056]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the medical puncture needle of the present invention, when the distal end of the medical puncture needle reaches the target site, the inner needle (inner core) having at least the distal end having a flexible and obtuse surface is moved to the outer needle distal end. Since it protrudes from the outer wall and reaches the opposing wall, the risk of puncturing the opposing wall by a sharp outer needle (outer core) is reduced, and safety is excellent. Furthermore, the introduction of the medical puncture needle to the target site can be easily confirmed by tactile sensation, and the procedure of the operator is also simplified.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a medical puncture needle of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the tip of the medical puncture needle of the present invention is inside a ligament.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the tip of the medical puncture needle of the present invention has reached the epidural space.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a state in which a catheter has been introduced into the medical puncture needle of the present invention.
FIG. 5 (a) is a partial perspective view showing another embodiment of the medical puncture needle, and FIG. 5 (b) is a partial perspective view showing another embodiment of the outer needle.
6A is a partial perspective view of a conventional medical puncture needle, and FIG. 6B is a partial cross-sectional view.
[Explanation of symbols]
1, 1a, 1b Medical puncture needle 2 Outer needle 3 Inner needle 4 Outer core 4a Blade tip 5 Wing 6 Hole 7, 10 Inner core 8 Pressing part 9 Intermediate needle 11 Hole 12 Anesthesia catheter X Puncture direction θ angle

Claims (6)

先端に刃先を有する中空棒状の外針と、この外針の内部に装填される中実棒状の内芯部とその内芯部の基端部に設けられた押当部とを有する内針とを備えた医療用穿刺針であって、
前記内芯部の先端部が前記外針の先端から突出し、かつ前記内芯部の少なくとも先端部が伸縮性部材からなることを特徴とする医療用穿刺針。
A hollow rod-shaped outer needle having a cutting edge at its tip, and an inner needle having a solid rod-shaped inner core loaded into the outer needle and a pressing portion provided at a base end of the inner core. A medical puncture needle with
A medical puncture needle, wherein a distal end of the inner core projects from a distal end of the outer needle, and at least a distal end of the inner core is made of an elastic member.
先端に刃先を有する中空棒状の外針と、この外針の内部に装填される中実棒状の内芯部とその内芯部の基端部に設けられた押当部とを有する内針とを備えた医療用穿刺針であって、
前記外針と内針との間に装填される中空棒状の中間針を有し、
前記内芯部の先端部が前記外針の先端から突出し、かつ前記内芯部の少なくとも先端部が伸縮性部材からなることを特徴とする医療用穿刺針。
A hollow rod-shaped outer needle having a cutting edge at its tip, and an inner needle having a solid rod-shaped inner core loaded into the outer needle and a pressing portion provided at a base end of the inner core. A medical puncture needle with
Having a hollow rod-shaped intermediate needle loaded between the outer needle and the inner needle,
A medical puncture needle, wherein a distal end of the inner core projects from a distal end of the outer needle, and at least a distal end of the inner core is made of an elastic member.
前記内芯部の突出長さが1〜15mmであることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の医療用穿刺針。The medical puncture needle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a protruding length of the inner core portion is 1 to 15 mm. 前記伸縮性部材は、曲げ弾性率が1〜500MPaの弾性体からなることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれかに記載の医療用穿刺針。The medical puncture needle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the elastic member is formed of an elastic body having a bending elastic modulus of 1 to 500 MPa. 前記外針は、その刃先がキセル形状であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれかに記載の医療用穿刺針。The medical puncture needle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a cutting edge of the outer needle has a shape of a mouse. 前記外針の先端には、刃面を形成する開口部と、前記外針の穿刺方向と同一方向に開口する孔とが設けられることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の医療用穿刺針。The medical puncture needle according to claim 5, wherein an opening forming a blade surface and a hole opening in the same direction as the puncture direction of the outer needle are provided at a tip of the outer needle.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011147551A (en) * 2010-01-20 2011-08-04 Olympus Corp Catheter and catheter insertion instrument
CN117017453A (en) * 2023-09-12 2023-11-10 哈尔滨工业大学 Steerable flexible needle for medical detection and treatment

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011147551A (en) * 2010-01-20 2011-08-04 Olympus Corp Catheter and catheter insertion instrument
CN117017453A (en) * 2023-09-12 2023-11-10 哈尔滨工业大学 Steerable flexible needle for medical detection and treatment
CN117017453B (en) * 2023-09-12 2024-05-10 哈尔滨工业大学 Steerable flexible needle for medical detection and treatment

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