JP2004292392A - Method for producing dialkylbisphenols - Google Patents

Method for producing dialkylbisphenols Download PDF

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JP2004292392A
JP2004292392A JP2003088921A JP2003088921A JP2004292392A JP 2004292392 A JP2004292392 A JP 2004292392A JP 2003088921 A JP2003088921 A JP 2003088921A JP 2003088921 A JP2003088921 A JP 2003088921A JP 2004292392 A JP2004292392 A JP 2004292392A
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formula
producing
dialkylbisphenols
represented
reaction
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JP4049696B2 (en
Inventor
Masamichi Ito
雅通 伊藤
Hirosuke Yoshikawa
啓輔 吉川
Kensuke Sakamaki
憲佐 坂巻
Mamoru Sugimoto
守 杉本
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T Hasegawa Co Ltd
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T Hasegawa Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing dialkylbisphenols in good yield by using an inexpensive raw material by a simple method. <P>SOLUTION: The method for producing the dialkylbisphenols represented by formula (1) (wherein, R is a 1-8C straight chain or branched alkyl or alkenyl group) involves subjecting a p-alkylphenol represented by formula (2) (wherein, R is the same as the above) to an oxidative coupling reaction in an organic solvent in the presence of a copper salt-amine compound complex. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ジアルキルビスフェノール類の製法に関し、更に詳しくは、下記式(2)
【0002】
【化3】

Figure 2004292392
【0003】
(式中、RはC1〜C8の直鎖又は分岐アルキル又はアルケニル基を示す。)
で表されるp−アルキルフェノールを有機溶媒中、銅塩−アミン化合物錯体の存在下、酸化的カップリング反応させることを特徴とする下記式(1)
【0004】
【化4】
Figure 2004292392
【0005】
(式中、Rは上記と同義である。)
で表されるジアルキルビスフェノール類の製法に関する。
【0006】
【従来の技術】
ジアルキルビスフェノール類は抗菌性や酸化防止効果がある化合物として有用であり、例えば、2,2’−ジヒドロキシ−5,5’−ジプロピルビフェニルは、厚朴より単離したマグノロールを還元して合成されている(非特許文献1)。また、酸化的カップリングによる製法もいくつか報告されているが、オルト位に置換基をもたない基質での反応は一般的にカップリングの収率、位置選択性ともに低い。選択性の高い製法の一つとして、例えば、アルキルフェノールをクロロホルム溶媒中、塩化アルミニウム及び塩化第二鉄の存在下に反応して製造する方法(非特許文献2)などが提案されている。
【0007】
しかしながら、上記の従来技術に示されているジアルキルビスフェノール類の製法は、原料として生薬から煩雑な方法で抽出単離した高価な原料を使用したり、取り扱いに注意を要する腐蝕性の強い試薬や、環境汚染が心配される毒性のある溶剤を使用し、しかも収率が低いなどの欠点を有していた。
【0008】
これらの問題を解決しうる製法として、銅塩−アミン化合物錯体の存在下に、酸化的カップリング反応して製造する方法(非特許文献3)が提案されているが、この製法で使用されている基質は2−ナフトールのみであり、p−アルキルフェノールについては記載されていない。
【0009】
【非特許文献1】生薬雑誌,39(1),76−79,1985年
【非特許文献2】Tetrahedron,48(43),9483−9494,1992年
【非特許文献3】Tetrahedron,41,3313,1985年
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明は安価な原料を使用して、好収率で、且つ簡便な方法でジアルキルビスフェノール類を製造する方法を提供することを課題とする。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで本発明者らは、上記の課題を解決するため、新規合成法について鋭意検討を行った結果、上記式(2)で表されるp−アルキルフェノールが有機溶媒中、銅塩−アミン化合物と錯体を形成し、選択的に酸化的カップリング反応が進行して、好収率で上記式(1)で表されるジアルキルビスフェノール類が得られることを見出し本発明を完成した。
【0012】
【化5】
Figure 2004292392
【0013】
従って、本発明は上記式(2)、(式中、RはC1〜C8の直鎖又は分岐アルキル又はアルケニル基を示す。)で表されるp−アルキルフェノールを有機溶媒中、銅塩−アミン化合物錯体の存在下、酸化的カップリング反応させることを特徴とする上記式(1)、(式中、Rは上記と同義である。)で表されるジアルキルビスフェノール類の製法が提供される。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の上記式(1)のジアルキルビスフェノール類は、式(2)のp−アルキルフェノールを有機溶媒中、銅塩−アミン化合物錯体の存在下、酸化的カップリング反応させることにより容易に且つ好収率で製造することができる。
【0015】
該反応に使用する上記式(2)で示されるp−アルキルフェノール類は市場で容易に入手することができるが、例えば、対応するアシルフェノールをパラジウム触媒の存在下、水素と反応させることにより容易に合成することもできる(J.Am.Chem.Soc.,56(1),158−159,1934年)。この反応を反応式で示すと以下のようになる。
【0016】
【化6】
Figure 2004292392
【0017】
p−アルキルフェノール類の具体例としては、例えば、p−メチルフェノール、p−エチルフェノール、p−プロピルフェノール、p−イソプロピルフェノール、p−ブチルフェノール、p−イソブチルフェノール、p−ペンチルフェノール、p−イソペンチルフェノール、p−ヘキシルフェノール、p−アリルフェノール、p−イソプロペニルフェノール、p−2−エチルヘキシルフェノール等を挙げることができる。
【0018】
また、本発明で使用する銅塩やアミン化合物も市場で容易に入手できる。銅塩の具体例としては、塩化第一銅、塩化第二銅、硫酸第二銅、硝酸第二銅などを挙げることができる。これらの銅塩は無水物でも水和物でも使用可能であるが、水和物の方が取り扱い易く好ましい。アミン化合物としては特に限定されないが、例えば、炭素数2〜7の直鎖又は分岐アルキルアミン類、環式アルキルアミン類および、芳香族アミン類が好ましく、その具体例としては、エチルアミン、プロピルアミン、イソプロピルアミン、ブチルアミン、イソブチルアミン、t−ブチルアミン、イソアミルアミン、ヘキシルアミン、シクロヘキシルアミン、アニリン、ベンジルアミン、ピリジン等を挙げることができる。本発明では反応に有機溶媒を使用するが、有機溶媒の種類としては特に限定されないが、形成される銅塩−アミン化合物錯体が溶解若しくは分散しやすいものが好ましい。形成される銅塩−アミン化合物錯体が溶解若しくは分散しやすい有機溶媒としてはアルコール類が挙げられ、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール、ブタノール、イソブタノール等の低級アルコールを好ましく例示することができる。
【0019】
これら原料の使用量は適宜に選択でき、原料の式(2)の化合物に対して、銅塩は、0.8〜2.0モル倍量程度、より好ましくは0.9〜1.5モル倍量程度、アミン化合物は、1.6〜3.0モル倍量程度、より好ましくは1.8〜2.5モル倍量程度、有機溶媒は、例えば、3〜20重量倍程度、より好ましくは4〜10重量倍程度を例示することができる。
【0020】
反応は通常、有機溶媒に銅塩、アミン化合物を加え、10℃〜50℃の温度で10〜60分攪拌して銅塩−アミン化合物錯体を形成させた後、10℃〜80℃の温度でp−アルキルフェノールを加えて、3時間〜24時間攪拌しながら行うことができる。なお、反応は酸素の存在により促進されるので、反応混合液中に空気を導入しながら反応するのが好ましい。
【0021】
反応終了後は常法により処理して目的物を得ることが出来る。例えば、反応混合物は室温以下に冷却した後、濾過して不溶部を集め、この不溶部をエチルエーテル若しくは酢酸エチル等の抽出溶剤に溶解した後に十分水洗し、抽出溶剤を回収して目的物のジアルキルビスフェノール類を収率よく得ることが出来る。必要により、ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン若しくはトルエンの如き炭化水素系溶剤中で再結晶すると非常に高純度の目的物を得ることができる。
【0022】
本発明の製造方法によって得られる上記式(1)のジアルキルビスフェノール類の具体例としては、例えば、2,2’−ジヒドロキシ−5,5’−ジメチルビフェニル、2,2’−ジヒドロキシ−5,5’−ジエチルビフェニル、2,2’−ジヒドロキシ−5,5’−ジプロピルビフェニル、2,2’−ジヒドロキシ−5,5’−ジイソプロピルビフェニル、2,2’−ジヒドロキシ−5,5’−ジブチルビフェニル、2,2’−ジヒドロキシ−5,5’−ジイソブチルビフェニル、2,2’−ジヒドロキシ−5,5’−ジペンチルビフェニル、2,2’−ジヒドロキシ−5,5’−ジイソペンチルビフェニル、2,2’−ジヒドロキシ−5,5’−ジヘキシルビフェニル、2,2’−ジヒドロキシ−5,5’−ジアリルビフェニル、2,2’−ジヒドロキシ−5,5’−ジイソプロペニルビフェニル、2,2’−ジヒドロキシ−5,5’−ジ−(2−エチルヘキシル)ビフェニルなどを例示することができる。
【0023】
以下実施例により本発明を更に詳しく説明する。
【0024】
【実施例】
実施例1
2000mlの4つ口フラスコに、塩化第二銅二水和物102g、メタノール600gを入れ、シクロヘキシルアミン142gを加えて20〜30℃で40分攪拌した。この混合溶液にp−プロピルフェノール82gを200gのメタノールに溶解した溶液を加え、フラスコの混合溶液中に空気をバブリング(500mL/min)し、20〜30℃で4時間激しく攪拌して反応させた。反応終了後、反応液を濾過して不溶物を取り出し、これを酢酸エチル360gで3回リンスした。洗浄した不溶物を3Lのフラスコに入れ、2M−塩酸625g、酢酸エチル902gを加えて室温で30分攪拌後、有機層を分離した。有機層を1M−塩酸625gで洗浄した後、水400gで2回洗浄した。有機層を常圧下加熱して酢酸エチルを回収した。これにトルエン328gを加えて加熱攪拌還流させて固形物を完全に溶解した後、0℃まで冷却して結晶を析出させた。析出した結晶を濾過して減圧下乾燥してHPLC法による純度98%の2,2’−ジヒドロキシ−5,5’−ジプロピルビフェニル(収率80%)を得た。
【0025】
実施例2〜5
実施例1において、シクロヘキシルアミンおよび塩化第二銅に変えて他のアミンおよび銅塩を用いて同様に反応を行って2,2’−ヒドロキシ−5,5’−ジプロピルビフェニルを合成した。その結果を表1に示す。
【0026】
【表1】
Figure 2004292392
【0027】
実施例6〜12
実施例1において、p−プロピルフェノールに変えて他のp−アルキルフェノールを用いて同様に反応、後処理を行い、2,2’−ジヒドロキシ−5,5’−ジアルキルビフェニル類を合成した。その結果を表2に示した。
【0028】
【表2】
Figure 2004292392
【0029】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、有用なジアルキルビスフェノール類を安価な原料を使用して、好収率で、更に簡便な方法で製造することができるため極めて有用である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing dialkylbisphenols, and more specifically, to the following formula (2)
[0002]
Embedded image
Figure 2004292392
[0003]
(In the formula, R represents a C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group.)
Wherein the p-alkylphenol represented by the following formula (1) is subjected to an oxidative coupling reaction in an organic solvent in the presence of a copper salt-amine compound complex.
[0004]
Embedded image
Figure 2004292392
[0005]
(Wherein, R has the same meaning as described above.)
And a process for producing a dialkylbisphenol represented by the formula:
[0006]
[Prior art]
Dialkylbisphenols are useful as compounds having antibacterial properties and antioxidant effects. For example, 2,2'-dihydroxy-5,5'-dipropylbiphenyl is synthesized by reducing magnolol isolated from magnolia. (Non-Patent Document 1). Although some production methods using oxidative coupling have been reported, reactions with substrates having no substituent at the ortho position generally have low coupling yields and regioselectivities. As one of the highly selective production methods, for example, a method of producing by reacting an alkylphenol in a chloroform solvent in the presence of aluminum chloride and ferric chloride (Non-Patent Document 2) has been proposed.
[0007]
However, the method for producing dialkyl bisphenols shown in the above prior art uses expensive raw materials extracted and isolated from crude drugs by a complicated method as raw materials, or highly corrosive reagents requiring careful handling, The use of a toxic solvent for which environmental pollution is a concern, and the disadvantage of low yield.
[0008]
As a production method capable of solving these problems, there has been proposed a method of producing by an oxidative coupling reaction in the presence of a copper salt-amine compound complex (Non-Patent Document 3). The only substrate used is 2-naphthol, and no mention is made of p-alkylphenol.
[0009]
[Non-Patent Document 1] Herbal Medicine Magazine, 39 (1), 76-79, 1985 [Non-Patent Document 2] Tetrahedron, 48 (43), 9483-9494, 1992 [Non-Patent Document 3] Tetrahedron, 41 , 3313 , 1985 [0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a dialkylbisphenol in a simple manner using a low-cost raw material at a high yield.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies on a novel synthesis method. As a result, the p-alkylphenol represented by the above formula (2) was complexed with a copper salt-amine compound in an organic solvent. Was formed, and it was found that the dialkylbisphenols represented by the above formula (1) can be obtained in good yield by selective oxidative coupling reaction, thereby completing the present invention.
[0012]
Embedded image
Figure 2004292392
[0013]
Accordingly, the present invention relates to a method for preparing a copper salt-amine compound in a p-alkylphenol represented by the above formula (2), wherein R represents a C1 to C8 linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group, in an organic solvent. A process for producing a dialkylbisphenol represented by the above formula (1), wherein R is as defined above, wherein the oxidative coupling reaction is carried out in the presence of a complex is provided.
[0014]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The dialkylbisphenols of the formula (1) of the present invention can be easily and favorably obtained by subjecting a p-alkylphenol of the formula (2) to an oxidative coupling reaction in an organic solvent in the presence of a copper salt-amine compound complex. Can be manufactured at a rate.
[0015]
The p-alkylphenols represented by the above formula (2) used in the reaction can be easily obtained on the market. For example, the p-alkylphenols can be easily obtained by reacting the corresponding acylphenol with hydrogen in the presence of a palladium catalyst. It can also be synthesized (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 56 (1), 158-159, 1934). This reaction is represented by the following reaction formula.
[0016]
Embedded image
Figure 2004292392
[0017]
Specific examples of p-alkylphenols include, for example, p-methylphenol, p-ethylphenol, p-propylphenol, p-isopropylphenol, p-butylphenol, p-isobutylphenol, p-pentylphenol, p-isopentyl Phenol, p-hexylphenol, p-allylphenol, p-isopropenylphenol, p-2-ethylhexylphenol and the like can be mentioned.
[0018]
Further, the copper salt and the amine compound used in the present invention can be easily obtained on the market. Specific examples of the copper salt include cuprous chloride, cupric chloride, cupric sulfate, cupric nitrate and the like. These copper salts can be used either as anhydrides or hydrates, but hydrates are preferred because they are easier to handle. The amine compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, a linear or branched alkylamine having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkylamine, and an aromatic amine, and specific examples thereof include ethylamine, propylamine, Examples thereof include isopropylamine, butylamine, isobutylamine, t-butylamine, isoamylamine, hexylamine, cyclohexylamine, aniline, benzylamine, and pyridine. In the present invention, an organic solvent is used for the reaction, but the kind of the organic solvent is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the formed copper salt-amine compound complex is easily dissolved or dispersed. Examples of the organic solvent in which the formed copper salt-amine compound complex is easily dissolved or dispersed include alcohols. For example, lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, and isobutanol can be preferably exemplified. .
[0019]
The amounts of these raw materials used can be appropriately selected, and the amount of the copper salt is about 0.8 to 2.0 moles, more preferably 0.9 to 1.5 moles, per mole of the compound of the formula (2). The amine compound is about 1.6 to 3.0 mole times, more preferably about 1.8 to 2.5 mole times, and the organic solvent is, for example, about 3 to 20 times by weight, more preferably about 3 to 20 times by weight. Can be about 4 to 10 times by weight.
[0020]
The reaction is usually carried out by adding a copper salt and an amine compound to an organic solvent and stirring at a temperature of 10 ° C to 50 ° C for 10 to 60 minutes to form a copper salt-amine compound complex, and then at a temperature of 10 ° C to 80 ° C. The reaction can be performed while adding a p-alkylphenol and stirring for 3 to 24 hours. Since the reaction is promoted by the presence of oxygen, the reaction is preferably performed while introducing air into the reaction mixture.
[0021]
After the completion of the reaction, the desired product can be obtained by treating in a conventional manner. For example, the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature or lower, and then filtered to collect an insoluble portion. The insoluble portion is dissolved in an extraction solvent such as ethyl ether or ethyl acetate, and then sufficiently washed with water. Dialkyl bisphenols can be obtained with good yield. If necessary, recrystallization in a hydrocarbon-based solvent such as hexane, cyclohexane or toluene can provide a very high-purity target compound.
[0022]
Specific examples of the dialkylbisphenols of the above formula (1) obtained by the production method of the present invention include, for example, 2,2′-dihydroxy-5,5′-dimethylbiphenyl, 2,2′-dihydroxy-5,5 '-Diethylbiphenyl, 2,2'-dihydroxy-5,5'-dipropylbiphenyl, 2,2'-dihydroxy-5,5'-diisopropylbiphenyl, 2,2'-dihydroxy-5,5'-dibutylbiphenyl 2,2′-dihydroxy-5,5′-diisobutylbiphenyl, 2,2′-dihydroxy-5,5′-dipentylbiphenyl, 2,2′-dihydroxy-5,5′-diisopentylbiphenyl, 2, 2'-dihydroxy-5,5'-dihexylbiphenyl, 2,2'-dihydroxy-5,5'-diallylbiphenyl, 2,2'-dihydroxy-5,5'-di Examples include isopropenyl biphenyl and 2,2′-dihydroxy-5,5′-di- (2-ethylhexyl) biphenyl.
[0023]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
[0024]
【Example】
Example 1
In a 2000 ml four-necked flask, 102 g of cupric chloride dihydrate and 600 g of methanol were added, 142 g of cyclohexylamine was added, and the mixture was stirred at 20 to 30 ° C for 40 minutes. A solution in which 82 g of p-propylphenol was dissolved in 200 g of methanol was added to this mixed solution, air was bubbled into the mixed solution in the flask (500 mL / min), and the mixture was vigorously stirred at 20 to 30 ° C. for 4 hours to react. . After the completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was filtered to remove insolubles, which were rinsed three times with 360 g of ethyl acetate. The washed insoluble material was put into a 3 L flask, 625 g of 2M hydrochloric acid and 902 g of ethyl acetate were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then the organic layer was separated. The organic layer was washed with 625 g of 1M hydrochloric acid and then twice with 400 g of water. The organic layer was heated under normal pressure to recover ethyl acetate. To this, 328 g of toluene was added, and the mixture was heated and stirred and refluxed to completely dissolve the solid, and then cooled to 0 ° C. to precipitate crystals. The precipitated crystals were filtered and dried under reduced pressure to obtain 2,2'-dihydroxy-5,5'-dipropylbiphenyl having a purity of 98% by HPLC (yield: 80%).
[0025]
Examples 2 to 5
In Example 1, 2,2′-hydroxy-5,5′-dipropylbiphenyl was synthesized by carrying out a similar reaction using other amines and copper salts instead of cyclohexylamine and cupric chloride. Table 1 shows the results.
[0026]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004292392
[0027]
Examples 6 to 12
In Example 1, the same reaction and post-treatment were carried out using p-alkylphenol instead of p-propylphenol to synthesize 2,2'-dihydroxy-5,5'-dialkylbiphenyls. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0028]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004292392
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, useful dialkyl bisphenols can be produced in a high yield using a cheap raw material by a simpler method, which is extremely useful.

Claims (1)

下記式(2)
Figure 2004292392
(式中、RはC1〜C8の直鎖又は分岐アルキル又はアルケニル基を示す。)
で表されるp−アルキルフェノールを有機溶媒中、銅塩−アミン化合物錯体の存在下、酸化的カップリング反応させることを特徴とする下記式(1)
Figure 2004292392
(式中、Rは上記と同義である。)
で表されるジアルキルビスフェノール類の製法。
The following equation (2)
Figure 2004292392
(In the formula, R represents a C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group.)
Wherein the p-alkylphenol represented by the following formula (1) is subjected to an oxidative coupling reaction in an organic solvent in the presence of a copper salt-amine compound complex.
Figure 2004292392
(Wherein, R has the same meaning as described above.)
Production method of dialkyl bisphenols represented by
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