JP2004291144A - Cutting insert for use in drill, and drill unit - Google Patents

Cutting insert for use in drill, and drill unit Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004291144A
JP2004291144A JP2003086416A JP2003086416A JP2004291144A JP 2004291144 A JP2004291144 A JP 2004291144A JP 2003086416 A JP2003086416 A JP 2003086416A JP 2003086416 A JP2003086416 A JP 2003086416A JP 2004291144 A JP2004291144 A JP 2004291144A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
drill
blade member
cutting
cutting insert
speed
Prior art date
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Pending
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JP2003086416A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hiroshi Usui
洋 臼井
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Niterra Co Ltd
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NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to JP2003086416A priority Critical patent/JP2004291144A/en
Publication of JP2004291144A publication Critical patent/JP2004291144A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tool with a longer service life than a conventional one even in a cutting tool such as a drill with unavoidable difference in cutting speeds of the outer periphery and the inner periphery when cutting. <P>SOLUTION: A cutting insert for use in a drill consisting of a single blade has a cutting edge consisting of at least two kinds of basic materials. It includes, in the radially outer peripheral part with respect to the rotation shaft of the drill, a material with higher wear resistance than that of the material in the radially inner peripheral part. In addition, it includes a first outer blade member made of a cemented carbide on the outer peripheral part and an inner blade member made of a high-speed steel on the inner peripheral part with respect to the rotation shaft of the drill. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、鋳鉄・鋼・アルミ、樹脂等の穴明け加工を行なうドリル用切削インサートおよびドリルユニットに関する。
【0002】
【従来技術】
従来のドリルの切削インサートは外周部と内周部とが同一の材料であった。折損を出来る限り防ぐため十分に強度があり、尚かつ有る程度の切削速度まで加工が可能であるハイスが一般的には使用される。しかし、一方でハイスは十分な強度があるものの、高温での硬度が急激に下がる欠点があり、ハイスで十分な周速が得られないときには超硬材質が使用される。しかし、実用的には超硬材質はハイスより強度面で劣るため、折損等のリスクがあるため、使い分けが必要であった。(特許文献1参照)
【0003】
【特許文献1】
特開2002−326111号公報
【0004】
【解決しようとする課題】
ハイスで引っ張り強度3000MPa以上を超える高強度な材料で切削インサートを構成すると、加工速度50m/secを超える高速加工をした際に、被削材との切削速度が他の部分よりも高い、切削インサートの外周部に摩耗が発生し、使用不能となるケースがある。
【0005】
一方、超硬合金に代表される比較的耐摩耗性の高い材料でチップを構成した際には、加工速度50m/secを下回る工具自体の強度不足による折損や、被削材との切削速度が他の部分よりも遅い、スラスト荷重がかかる内周部に擦り摩耗が発生することもある。
【0006】
このため、強度が有り高速加工ができる工具が望まれている。
本発明においては、ドリルのような切削時に外周部と内周部との切削速度差が避けられない切削工具において、従来よりも切削速度範囲が広く工具寿命が長い工具を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の請求項1に記載のドリル用切削インサートは、切刃が少なくとも2種類の基材で構成され、ドリルの回転軸に対して、径方向の外周側に、径方向の内周側の基材よりも、耐摩耗性の高い基材を備える1枚刃のドリル用切削インサートである。
【0008】
かかる発明において、切削インサートの他の部分よりも、被削材に対する切削速度が高い外周部に、耐磨耗性の高い材料を備えることにより、高速切削による外周部の磨耗を抑制でき、好ましい。
また、スラスト荷重のかかるドリル中心部は切削速度がゼロに近く切削抵抗が大きく掛かるが、高強度な材料で支えることになるので強度面で有利であるし、外周部に比べて高速にならないので高強度の材料で十分である。このような材料は、例えばハイスである。
それぞれの基材は、ロー付けや一体焼成など適切な方法で接合をすることができる。
【0009】
本発明の請求項2に記載のドリル用切削インサートは、前記ドリルの前記回転軸に対して、外周側には超硬合金からなる第1外刃部材を、内周側にはハイスからなる内刃部材を備える請求項1に記載のドリル用切削インサートである。
【0010】
かかる発明において、切削インサートの外周部に耐磨耗性が高い、超硬合金を備えることにより、容易に高速切削による外周部の磨耗を抑制するため、好ましい。
また、切削インサートの内周部に強度が高い、ハイスを備えることにより、容易に低速切削による内周部の磨耗を抑制するため、好ましい。ハイスとは、高速度工具鋼(High Speed Steel)のことを指す。
【0011】
本発明の請求項3に記載のドリル用切削インサートは、前記ドリルの前記回転軸に対して、前記第1外刃部材の外周側にサーメットからなる第2外刃部材を備える請求項2に記載のドリル用切削インサートである。
【0012】
かかる発明において、第1外刃部材のさらに外周側にサーメットからなる第2外刃部材を備えることにより、高速切削時における耐磨耗性をさらに向上させるため、好ましい。また、外周部と内周部の切削速度が大きく異なる、大型ドリルにおいては効果が高い。
【0013】
本発明の請求項4に記載のドリル用切削インサートは、前記第1外刃部材が内刃部材にロー付けにより接合されている請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のドリル用切削インサートである。
【0014】
かかる発明において、第1外刃部材と内刃部材をロー付けにより、接合することで、耐熱性に優れた切削インサートを、生産性を良く、しかも容易に接合を行なうため、好ましい。
【0015】
本発明の請求項5に記載のドリル用切削インサートは、ニックの部分で、前記第1外刃部材と前記内刃部材が接合されている請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のドリル用切削インサートである。
【0016】
かかる発明において、切りくずを分断するために設けられるニックの部分で、第1外刃部材と内刃部材を接合することにより、接合とニックの形成とを同時に行なうため、加工が容易であるため、好ましい。また、第1外刃部材がロー付けによって接合されている場合は、ロウ材が切削点から離れているので切削熱は切削油等によって持ち去られ、ロー材に熱が掛かりにくい効果がある。
【0017】
本発明の請求項6に記載のドリル用切削インサートは、表面に被覆層を備える請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のドリル用切削インサートである。
かかる発明において、切削インサートの表面に被覆層を備えることにより、耐磨耗性がより高く、ドリルの工具寿命が長くなるため、好ましい。
【0018】
本発明の請求項7に記載のドリルユニットは、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のドリル用切削インサートとホルダとを備えるドリルユニットである。
【0019】
かかる発明において、本発明のドリル用切削インサートを備えているため、切削時の外周部および内周部の切削速度の差による磨耗が抑制されるため、好ましい。
【0020】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明の実施の形態を図1〜3によって説明する。
【0021】
(内刃部材の製造方法)
ハイス(JIS G 4403)を所定の大きさに切断し、研磨することにより、厚さ4.8mm、幅30mmの内刃部材を得た。
【0022】
(第1外刃部材の製造方法)
超硬合金(JIS B 4053、重量比でWC:TiC:TaC:Co=89:2:1:8)を所定の大きさに切断し、研磨することにより、厚さ4.8mmの第1外刃部材を得た。
【0023】
(第2外刃部材の製造方法)
サーメット(重量比でTiC:TiN:WC:NbC:MoC:Ni:Co=30:30:9:9:8:7:7)を所定の大きさに切断し、研磨することにより、第2外刃部材を得た。
【0024】
(ドリル用切削インサートの製造方法)
実施例1
図1において、内刃部材1に第1外刃部材2とを銀―銅系ロー材によって、接合した。(但し、ロウ材を規定するものではない。)この時、内刃部材1と第1外刃部材2との間に、幅0.5mmのニック3が形成されるようにした。その後、ダイヤ砥石にて研磨し、ブレーカー4を形成した。
さらに、PVD法によって、TiCNの被膜層を厚さ2μm形成し、切削インサート10とした。
【0025】
実施例2
図2において、内刃部材1と第1外刃部材2との接合面を階段状となるようにし、内刃部材1と第1外刃部材2とを銀―銅系ロー材によって、接合した。この時、内刃部材1と第1外刃部材2との間は幅が0.5mm持たせてあり、ニック3の役割をする。その後、ダイヤ砥石にて研磨し、ブレーカー4を形成した。
さらに、PVD法によって、TiCNの被膜層を厚さ2μm形成し、切削インサートとした。
【0026】
実施例3
図3において、内刃部材1に第1外刃部材2とを銀―銅系ロー材によって、接合した。また、内刃部材1に第2外刃部材5とを銀―銅系ロー材によって、接合した。
この時、内刃部材1と第1外刃部材2との間に、幅0.5mmのニック3が形成されるようにした。その後、ダイヤ砥石にて研磨し、ブレーカー4を形成した。
さらに、PVD法によって、TiCNの被膜層を厚さ2μm形成し、切削インサートとした。
【0027】
比較例1
超硬合金(第1外刃部材の製造方法におけるものと同様)を所定の大きさに切断し、研磨することによって、基材を得た。
この基材に、PVD法によって、、TiCNの被膜層を厚さ厚さ2μm形成し、切削インサートとした。
【0028】
比較例2
ハイス(内刃部材の製造方法におけるものと同様)を所定の大きさに切断し、研磨することによって、基材を得た。
この基材に、PVD法によって、、TiCNの被膜層を厚さ厚さ2μm形成し、切削インサートとした。
【0029】
(切削試験)
作製した切削インサートを、以下の条件および表1の条件によって、行なった切削試験を結果を表1に示す。
被削材:SCM420
切削油:水溶性切削油
ドリル先端角:132°
【0030】
表1

Figure 2004291144
【0031】
表1において、実施例1に比べ、実施例2は接着面積を増やすことによりロー付け強度が向上させるには有効な方策である。実施例3になると、外側の切れ刃の磨耗が実施例2よりもさらに少なく、より好ましい。今回のテストでは両者のロー付け方法で十分に切削可能であったが、被削材や切削条件等によって適切なロー付部の形状を選択することが可能である。
比較例1である、基材が超硬合金で形成されている切削インサートは、切削送りを挙げると折損の可能性が有った。また、比較例2である、基材がハイスで形成されている切削インサートは、高速時に磨耗が大きかった。一方、超硬とハイスとをロー付けしたチップは超硬とハイスのそれぞれの利点を併せ持つ為、高速高送りの高能率加工が可能となった。
【0032】
なお、本発明は以下の実施の形態によって限定されるものではなく、本発明の範囲内で構成および製造方法は、適宜選択可能である。
たとえば、ロー付け方法はこの2例に留まらず、ロー付け強度が十分になるように形状を工夫することも可能である。
【0033】
【発明の効果】
本発明においては、従来からの基材が単一の材料のドリル用切削インサートに比べると、高速高送りの高能率加工が可能である、ドリル用切削インサートが提供できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の1例におけるドリル用切削インサートの正面図である。
【図2】本発明に他の1例におけるドリル用切削インサートの正面図である。
【図3】本発明に他の1例におけるドリル用切削インサートの正面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 内刃部材
2 第1外刃部材
3 ニック
4 ブレーカ
5 第2外刃部材[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cutting insert for a drill and a drill unit for performing drilling of cast iron, steel, aluminum, resin and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the cutting insert of the conventional drill, the outer peripheral portion and the inner peripheral portion are made of the same material. A high-speed steel is used, which has sufficient strength to prevent breakage as much as possible and is capable of processing up to a certain cutting speed. However, on the other hand, although high-speed steel has sufficient strength, it has a drawback in that the hardness at a high temperature drops sharply. When high-speed steel cannot provide a sufficient peripheral speed, a carbide material is used. However, in practice, the cemented carbide material is inferior to the high-speed steel in strength, and there is a risk of breakage and the like. (See Patent Document 1)
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP, 2002-326111, A
[Problem to be solved]
When the cutting insert is composed of a high-strength material with a tensile strength of 3000 MPa or more at high speed, the cutting speed with the work material is higher than that of other parts when performing high-speed processing at a processing speed of 50 m / sec. In some cases, wear occurs on the outer peripheral portion of the device, making it unusable.
[0005]
On the other hand, when the insert is made of a material having relatively high wear resistance typified by a cemented carbide, breakage due to insufficient strength of the tool itself, which is lower than a processing speed of 50 m / sec, and a cutting speed with a work material are reduced. Rubbing and abrasion may occur on the inner peripheral portion where a thrust load is applied, which is slower than other portions.
[0006]
For this reason, a tool which has strength and can perform high-speed machining is desired.
In the present invention, an object of the present invention is to provide a cutting tool in which a difference in cutting speed between an outer peripheral portion and an inner peripheral portion is inevitable at the time of cutting such as a drill, and a cutting speed range is wider and a tool life is longer than before. I do.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the cutting insert for a drill according to claim 1 of the present invention, the cutting edge is formed of at least two types of base materials, and the outer peripheral side in the radial direction and the inner peripheral side in the radial direction with respect to the rotation axis of the drill. This is a single-blade drill cutting insert including a base material having higher wear resistance than the base material.
[0008]
In this invention, by providing a material having high wear resistance on the outer peripheral portion where the cutting speed for the work material is higher than other portions of the cutting insert, wear of the outer peripheral portion due to high-speed cutting can be suppressed, which is preferable.
In addition, although the cutting speed at the center of the drill where the thrust load is applied is close to zero and cutting resistance is large, it is advantageous in terms of strength because it is supported by high-strength material, and it does not become faster than the outer peripheral part High-strength materials are sufficient. Such a material is, for example, high speed steel.
The respective substrates can be joined by an appropriate method such as brazing or integral firing.
[0009]
The cutting insert for a drill according to claim 2 of the present invention is configured such that a first outer blade member made of a cemented carbide is provided on an outer peripheral side with respect to the rotation axis of the drill, and an inner member formed of high-speed steel is provided on an inner peripheral side. The drill cutting insert according to claim 1, further comprising a blade member.
[0010]
In this invention, it is preferable to provide a hard metal having high wear resistance on the outer peripheral portion of the cutting insert because the outer peripheral portion is easily worn away by high-speed cutting.
In addition, it is preferable to provide a high-strength, high-speed steel on the inner peripheral portion of the cutting insert, because it easily suppresses wear of the inner peripheral portion due to low-speed cutting. The high speed refers to high speed tool steel (High Speed Steel).
[0011]
The cutting insert for a drill according to claim 3 of the present invention includes a second outer blade member made of cermet on an outer peripheral side of the first outer blade member with respect to the rotation axis of the drill. Cutting insert for drills.
[0012]
In this invention, it is preferable to provide a second outer blade member made of cermet further on the outer peripheral side of the first outer blade member to further improve abrasion resistance during high-speed cutting. In addition, the effect is high in a large drill in which the cutting speeds of the outer peripheral portion and the inner peripheral portion are significantly different.
[0013]
The cutting insert for drill according to claim 4 of the present invention is the cutting insert for drill according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first outer blade member is joined to the inner blade member by brazing. .
[0014]
In this invention, it is preferable that the first outer blade member and the inner blade member are joined by brazing, so that a cutting insert having excellent heat resistance can be joined easily with good productivity.
[0015]
The cutting insert for a drill according to claim 5 of the present invention, wherein the first outer blade member and the inner blade member are joined at a nick portion. Insert.
[0016]
In this invention, since the first outer blade member and the inner blade member are joined at the nick portion provided for separating the chips, the joining and the formation of the nick are performed at the same time, so that the processing is easy. ,preferable. Further, when the first outer blade member is joined by brazing, since the brazing material is away from the cutting point, the cutting heat is carried away by the cutting oil or the like, and the brazing material is less likely to be heated.
[0017]
The cutting insert for a drill according to claim 6 of the present invention is the cutting insert for a drill according to any one of claims 1 to 5 having a coating layer on a surface.
In this invention, it is preferable to provide a coating layer on the surface of the cutting insert because the wear resistance is higher and the tool life of the drill is longer.
[0018]
A drill unit according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is a drill unit including the cutting insert for a drill according to any one of the first to sixth aspects and a holder.
[0019]
In this invention, since the cutting insert for a drill of the present invention is provided, abrasion due to a difference in cutting speed between the outer peripheral portion and the inner peripheral portion during cutting is preferably suppressed.
[0020]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.
[0021]
(Method of manufacturing inner blade member)
High-speed steel (JIS G4403) was cut into a predetermined size and polished to obtain an inner blade member having a thickness of 4.8 mm and a width of 30 mm.
[0022]
(Method of manufacturing first outer blade member)
Cemented carbide (JIS B 4053, WC: TiC: TaC: Co = 89: 2: 1: 8 by weight ratio) is cut into a predetermined size and polished to form a first outer plate having a thickness of 4.8 mm. A blade member was obtained.
[0023]
(Method of manufacturing second outer blade member)
The cermet (weight ratio: TiC: TiN: WC: NbC: Mo 2 C: Ni: Co = 30: 30: 9: 9: 8: 7: 7) is cut into a predetermined size and polished to obtain a cermet. Two outer blade members were obtained.
[0024]
(Method of manufacturing cutting inserts for drills)
Example 1
In FIG. 1, the first outer blade member 2 is joined to the inner blade member 1 by a silver-copper-based brazing material. (However, the brazing material is not specified.) At this time, a nick 3 having a width of 0.5 mm was formed between the inner blade member 1 and the first outer blade member 2. Then, it was polished with a diamond grindstone to form a breaker 4.
Further, a coating layer of TiCN was formed to a thickness of 2 μm by a PVD method to obtain a cutting insert 10.
[0025]
Example 2
In FIG. 2, the joining surface between the inner blade member 1 and the first outer blade member 2 is made to have a step shape, and the inner blade member 1 and the first outer blade member 2 are joined by a silver-copper-based brazing material. . At this time, the width between the inner blade member 1 and the first outer blade member 2 is 0.5 mm, and serves as the nick 3. Then, it was polished with a diamond grindstone to form a breaker 4.
Further, a coating layer of TiCN was formed to a thickness of 2 μm by a PVD method to obtain a cutting insert.
[0026]
Example 3
In FIG. 3, the first outer blade member 2 was joined to the inner blade member 1 with a silver-copper based brazing material. In addition, the second outer blade member 5 was joined to the inner blade member 1 with a silver-copper brazing material.
At this time, a nick 3 having a width of 0.5 mm was formed between the inner blade member 1 and the first outer blade member 2. Then, it was polished with a diamond grindstone to form a breaker 4.
Further, a coating layer of TiCN was formed to a thickness of 2 μm by a PVD method to obtain a cutting insert.
[0027]
Comparative Example 1
A substrate was obtained by cutting and polishing a cemented carbide (similar to that in the method for manufacturing the first outer blade member) to a predetermined size.
On this substrate, a coating layer of TiCN was formed to a thickness of 2 μm by a PVD method to obtain a cutting insert.
[0028]
Comparative Example 2
A base material was obtained by cutting a high-speed steel (similar to that in the method for manufacturing the inner blade member) into a predetermined size and polishing the same.
On this substrate, a coating layer of TiCN was formed to a thickness of 2 μm by a PVD method to obtain a cutting insert.
[0029]
(Cutting test)
Table 1 shows the results of cutting tests performed on the manufactured cutting inserts under the following conditions and the conditions shown in Table 1.
Work material: SCM420
Cutting oil: Water-soluble cutting oil drill tip angle: 132 °
[0030]
Table 1
Figure 2004291144
[0031]
In Table 1, Example 2 is an effective measure to improve the brazing strength by increasing the bonding area, as compared with Example 1. In the third embodiment, the wear of the outer cutting edge is further reduced than in the second embodiment, which is more preferable. In this test, it was possible to cut sufficiently with both brazing methods, but it is possible to select an appropriate shape of the brazed part depending on the work material, cutting conditions, and the like.
The cutting insert of Comparative Example 1, in which the base material was formed of a cemented carbide, had a possibility of breakage if the cutting feed was raised. Further, the cutting insert of Comparative Example 2, in which the base material was formed of high-speed steel, had large wear at high speed. On the other hand, a chip in which a carbide and a high-speed steel are brazed has the advantages of both a carbide and a high-speed steel, thereby enabling high-speed and high-feed high-efficiency machining.
[0032]
Note that the present invention is not limited by the following embodiments, and the configuration and the manufacturing method can be appropriately selected within the scope of the present invention.
For example, the brazing method is not limited to these two examples, and the shape can be devised so that the brazing strength is sufficient.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, it is possible to provide a drill cutting insert capable of performing high-speed, high-feed and high-efficiency machining as compared with a conventional cutting insert for a drill made of a single base material.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a cutting insert for a drill according to an example of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of a cutting insert for a drill in another example of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a front view of a cutting insert for drill according to another example of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Inner blade member 2 1st outer blade member 3 Nick 4 Breaker 5 2nd outer blade member

Claims (7)

切刃が少なくとも2種類の基材で構成され、ドリルの回転軸に対して、径方向の外周側に、径方向の内周側の基材よりも、耐摩耗性の高い基材を備える1枚刃のドリル用切削インサート。The cutting edge is composed of at least two types of base materials, and a base material having higher wear resistance is provided on the outer peripheral side in the radial direction with respect to the rotation axis of the drill than the base material on the inner peripheral side in the radial direction. Cutting insert for single-flute drills. 前記ドリルの前記回転軸に対して、外周側には超硬合金からなる第1外刃部材を、内周側にはハイスからなる内刃部材を備える請求項1に記載のドリル用切削インサート。The cutting insert for a drill according to claim 1, further comprising a first outer blade member made of cemented carbide on an outer peripheral side and an inner blade member made of high-speed steel on an inner peripheral side with respect to the rotation axis of the drill. 前記ドリルの前記回転軸に対して、前記第1外刃部材の外周側にサーメットからなる第2外刃部材を備える請求項2に記載のドリル用切削インサート。The cutting insert for a drill according to claim 2, further comprising a second outer blade member made of cermet on an outer peripheral side of the first outer blade member with respect to the rotation axis of the drill. 前記第1外刃部材が内刃部材にロー付けにより接合されている請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のドリル用切削インサート。The cutting insert for a drill according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first outer blade member is joined to the inner blade member by brazing. ニックの部分で、前記第1外刃部材と前記内刃部材が接合されている請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のドリル用切削インサート。The cutting insert for a drill according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first outer blade member and the inner blade member are joined at a nick. 表面に被覆層を備える請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のドリル用切削インサート。The cutting insert for a drill according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a coating layer on a surface. 請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のドリル用切削インサートとホルダとを備えるドリルユニット。A drill unit comprising the drill cutting insert according to claim 1 and a holder.
JP2003086416A 2003-03-26 2003-03-26 Cutting insert for use in drill, and drill unit Pending JP2004291144A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016529113A (en) * 2013-05-29 2016-09-23 メカクローム・フランスMecachrome France Rotary cutting tool with cutting blades made of various materials
JP2018051717A (en) * 2016-09-30 2018-04-05 株式会社タンガロイ Cutting insert

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016529113A (en) * 2013-05-29 2016-09-23 メカクローム・フランスMecachrome France Rotary cutting tool with cutting blades made of various materials
JP2018051717A (en) * 2016-09-30 2018-04-05 株式会社タンガロイ Cutting insert

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