JP2004288588A - State judging device of lead-acid storage battery, and lead-acid storage battery - Google Patents
State judging device of lead-acid storage battery, and lead-acid storage battery Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004288588A JP2004288588A JP2003082433A JP2003082433A JP2004288588A JP 2004288588 A JP2004288588 A JP 2004288588A JP 2003082433 A JP2003082433 A JP 2003082433A JP 2003082433 A JP2003082433 A JP 2003082433A JP 2004288588 A JP2004288588 A JP 2004288588A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
- G01R19/16533—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application
- G01R19/16538—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies
- G01R19/16542—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies for batteries
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/378—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
- G01R31/379—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator for lead-acid batteries
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は始動用鉛蓄電池のように、電解液中の水分が減少した場合に補水が可能な鉛蓄電池の状態判定装置に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
自動車に用いられる鉛蓄電池（以下、電池）は制御弁式のものといった一部のものを除き、使用中に減少した電解液に水分を補うための液口を有している。また、特許文献１に示されたように、電池の電槽側面には電解液面が正規の位置にあるかどうかを確認するための液面線が設けられているものもある。
【０００３】
そして電池の使用者は液面線で液面を確認し、特に液面が最低液面線よりも下となった場合には、液口から精製水を補給する、いわゆる補水作業を行う。このように、電池自体には液面を確認できる配慮がなされてきた。また、特許文献１１に示されたように、電解液面が最低液面線よりも低下し、負極ストラップが電解液から露出した場合、負極ストラップが腐食し、断線に到る場合があった。したがって、電解液面の管理は電池を安全に使用する上で欠かせないものである。
【０００４】
ところが、近年、車両に搭載される機器の増加や、車両自体の小形化により、電池の周囲には各種の機器が設置され、電池の液面を確認するのに必要な空間が失われつつある。また、これらの機器からの発した熱が電池に伝わって電池寿命に悪影響を与えないよう電池の周囲を断熱カバーで覆うことや、車両設計によっては液面の確認ができない位置に電池が搭載されることもあった。これらのことから、電池の液面確認作業はより困難、かつ手間を取るために、適切な期間の液面確認が行われない場合があった。
【０００５】
【特許文献１】
特開平５−２９０１７号公報
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、車両用に用いられる鉛蓄電池において液面の状態を推定し、使用者に補水作業が必要となったことを告知することにより、使用者の点検作業の利便性向上を目的とする。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記した課題を解決するために、本発明の請求項１に係る発明は、鉛蓄電池の状態判定装置であって、状態判定装置は蓄電池端子間の電圧（Ｖ）を計測する計測手段を備え、計測された電圧（Ｖ）が所定値（Ｖｒ）以上である時間（Ｔ）を積算する時間積算手段を備え、この時間積算手段で得た積算時間（ΣＴ）が所定値である場合に、使用者に蓄電池への補水を促す告知を表示する表示手段を備えたことを特徴とする鉛蓄電池の状態判定装置を示すものである。
【０００８】
また、本発明の請求項２に係る発明は、鉛蓄電池の状態判定装置であって、状態判定装置は蓄電池端子間の電圧（Ｖ）を計測する計測手段を備え、計測された電圧（Ｖ）が所定値（Ｖｒ）以上である時間（Ｔ）を積算する時間積算手段を備え、この時間（Ｔ）における蓄電池の温度（Ｓ）を計測する手段を備え、蓄電池の温度（Ｓ）の標準温度（Ｓｒ）に対する温度加速係数（ｋ）を求め、温度補正係数（ｋ）と時間（Ｔ）とから温度補正された時間（Ｔｃ）を求め、時間（Ｔｃ）を積算して求めた温度補正積算時間（ΣＴｃ）が所定値である場合に、使用者に蓄電池の補水を促す告知を表示する表示手段を備えたことを特徴とするものである。
【０００９】
また、本発明の請求項３に係る発明は、請求項１の鉛蓄電池の状態判定装置において、鉛蓄電池の温度を計測する手段を備え、温度の上昇とともに、電圧（Ｖ）の所定値（Ｖｒ）を下降させることを特徴とするものである。
【００１０】
また、本発明の請求項４に係る発明は、請求項１、請求項２もしくは請求項３の鉛蓄電池の状態判定装置において、鉛蓄電池に所定パターンの放電負荷が与えられた場合、これを検知して積算時間（ΣＴ）もしくは温度補正積算時間（ΣＴｃ）をリセットする手段を備えたものである。
【００１１】
さらに、本発明の請求項５に係る発明は、請求項１、請求項２、請求項３もしくは請求項４の状態判定装置を一体に備えた鉛蓄電池を示すものである。
【００１２】
また、本発明の請求項６に係る発明は、請求項１、請求項２、請求項３もしくは請求項４の鉛蓄電池の状態判定装置において、鉛蓄電池は正極格子体および負極格子体としてＰｂ−Ｃａ合金を用いたことを特徴とするものである。
【００１３】
そして、本発明の請求項７に係る発明は、請求項５の鉛蓄電池において、正極格子体および負極格子体にＰｂ−Ｃａ合金を用いたことを特徴とするものである。
【００１４】
【発明の実施の形態】
▲１▼第１の実施形態
本発明の第１の実施の形態を図面を用いて説明する。図１に示したように本発明による鉛蓄電池の状態判定装置２は鉛蓄電池の電池電圧（Ｖ）を計測するための電圧計測手段３を備えている。電圧計測手段３からの電圧信号は時間積算手段４に入力される。時間積算手段では電圧（Ｖ）が所定電圧（Ｖｒ）以上となった時間の積算を行う。すなわち、図２に示した時間Ｔ１、時間Ｔ２、時間Ｔ３、時間Ｔ４…の総和を算出することにより、積算時間（ΣＴ）を得る。そして積算時間（ΣＴ）がある設定値に到達した時点で表示手段５により使用者に鉛蓄電池の補水を促す表示を行う。表示方法としては例えばＬＥＤの点滅などによる。
【００１５】
ここで所定電圧（Ｖｒ）は鉛蓄電池内部で水の電気分解反応がおこり、ガスが発生しはじめる電圧に設定する。すなわち、水の電気分解反応がおこる時間の総和（積算時間（ΣＴ））によって電気分解された水の量を推定し、減液量を推定するものである。そしてあらかじめ補水が必要となる積算時間（ΣＴ）を求めて設定し、積算時間がこの設定値に到達した時点で要補水の表示を行う。
【００１６】
▲２▼第２の実施形態
本発明の第２の実施形態は第１の実施形態において鉛蓄電池１の温度を計測する温度計測手段６を求めたものである。すなわち、温度上昇によって水の電気分解反応速度は増加し、結果として減液量が増加するため、この減液量の増加分を考慮して積算時間を算出するものである。
【００１７】
このための構成として、図２に示したように、時間Ｔ１における蓄電池の平均温度Ｓ１をもとめ、以降それぞれの時間Ｔｎ（ｎ＝１、２…）について平均温度Ｓｎ（ｎ＝１、２…）を求める。次に平均温度Ｓｎと任意に設定した標準温度Ｓｒとの温度差から温度補正係数ｋを求める。平均温度Ｓｎで時間Ｔｎ間の減液量が標準温度Ｓｒにおける時間Ｔｒのそれに相当する場合、この温度加速係数ｋを式（１）により求める。
【００１８】
ｋｎ＝Ｔｒ／Ｔｎ 式（１）
このｋ値を様々な蓄電池温度について予め求めており、時間Ｔｎと温度補正係数ｋとを乗ずることによって標準温度（Ｓｒ）に換算した場合の温度補正時間Ｔｃをそれぞれのｎについて求める。そしてこの温度補正時間Ｔｃを積算して温度補正積算時間（ΣＴｃ）を求める。そしてこの温度補正積算時間（ΣＴｃ）が所定値になった時点で表示手段５により要補水の告知を表示する。このような構成によれば、蓄電池の温度環境の変化があった場合でも、温度変化による減液量の変化を補正し、正確に要補水の表示を行うことができる。
【００１９】
また、他の温度補正の方法としては時間積算を行う所定電圧（Ｖｒ）に温度傾斜を設けるものである。具体的には蓄電池温度（Ｓ）の上昇にしたがい、ガス発生電圧も低下する。したがって所定電圧（Ｖｒ）を降下させる。これにより温度上昇によるガス発生量の増加とこれによる液減量の増加を補正し、正確に要補水の表示を行うことができる。
【００２０】
前記した第１および第２の実施形態による鉛蓄電池の状態判定装置２は鉛蓄電池１と一体に設けることも可能であることは言うまでもない。また、分離して設置する場合にはエンジンコンパートメント内の視認しやすい位置に設置すればよい。
【００２１】
また、本発明の状態判定装置２を適用する鉛蓄電池としては正極格子体および負極格子体としてＰｂ−Ｃａ合金といった減液量を増加させる程度のＳｂを含まない合金を用いたものが好ましい。このような鉛蓄電池の時間と減液量の関係は図３のＡに示したような、時間と減液量とがほぼ直線関係となるからである。したがって、このような鉛蓄電池に本発明を適用することにより、より正確に補水が必要な時期を使用者に告知することが可能となる。
【００２２】
一方、正極格子体として鉛−アンチモン合金、負極格子体として鉛−カルシウム合金を用いたものは図３のＢに示したように時間とともに減液速度が増加する。したがって、補水が必要な時期をより正確に推定するためにはこの減液速度の増加を勘案する必要がある。しかしその増加の程度は鉛蓄電池の使用履歴によって様々に変化するため、厳密に補正することは困難である。この面からも両極格子体にＰｂ−Ｃａ合金を用いた鉛蓄電池に適用することがより好ましい。
【００２３】
また、補水作業終了後には積算された時間をリセットすることが必要である。この機構として別途機械的なリセットスイッチを設けることができる。ところが鉛蓄電池がエンジンコンパートメントに設置されていることもあり、スイッチには防塵性や防水性が要求される。このようなスイッチは一般に高価格であるため、状態判定装置自体の価格低減の障害となる。
【００２４】
本発明では鉛蓄電池が所定のパターンで放電された時に積算時間をリセットすることもできる。例えばエンジン停止状態において、ライトを所定回数点滅させ、この放電パターンを電圧計測手段で検知した場合に積算時間をリセットすれば良い。
【００２５】
【発明の効果】
以上、説明してきたように、本発明の構成によれば鉛蓄電池の減液量を推定し、補水が必要な時点で使用者にそれを告知することができることから、使用者の点検作業の利便性を向上でき、工業的に極めて有用なものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明による鉛蓄電池の状態判定装置を示す図
【図２】蓄電池電圧と蓄電池温度の経時変化を示す図
【図３】鉛蓄電池の減液量の経時変化を示す図
【符号の説明】
１ 鉛蓄電池
２ 状態判定装置
３ 電圧計測手段
４ 時間積算手段
５ 表示手段
６ 温度計測手段[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an apparatus for determining the state of a lead-acid battery, such as a starting lead-acid battery, capable of replenishing water when the water content in the electrolyte decreases.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Lead storage batteries (hereinafter referred to as "batteries") used in automobiles, except for some types such as those of a control valve type, have a liquid port for replenishing electrolyte solution which has been reduced during use with moisture. Further, as shown in Patent Document 1, there is a case where a liquid surface line is provided on a side surface of a battery case of a battery to confirm whether or not an electrolyte surface is at a proper position.
[0003]
Then, the user of the battery checks the liquid level with the liquid level line, and particularly when the liquid level falls below the minimum liquid level line, performs a so-called water replenishing operation of supplying purified water from the liquid port. Thus, consideration has been given to the battery itself so that the liquid level can be confirmed. Further, as shown in Patent Document 11, when the electrolyte surface level is lower than the minimum liquid level line and the negative electrode strap is exposed from the electrolyte solution, the negative electrode strap may be corroded and may be disconnected. Therefore, management of the electrolyte surface is indispensable for safe use of the battery.
[0004]
However, in recent years, with the increase in the number of devices mounted on the vehicle and the miniaturization of the vehicle itself, various devices have been installed around the battery, and the space required to check the liquid level of the battery is being lost. . In addition, to prevent the heat generated from these devices from being transmitted to the battery and adversely affect the battery life, the battery can be covered with a heat-insulating cover. Sometimes. For these reasons, the operation of checking the liquid level of the battery is more difficult, and in some cases, the liquid level is not checked for an appropriate period in order to take time.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-5-29017
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to improve the convenience of a user's inspection work by estimating the state of the liquid level in a lead storage battery used for a vehicle and notifying the user that water replenishment work has become necessary. .
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is a lead-acid battery state determining device, wherein the state determining device includes a measuring unit that measures a voltage (V) between storage battery terminals, A time integrating means for integrating a time (T) in which the measured voltage (V) is equal to or more than a predetermined value (Vr) is used when the integrated time (ΔT) obtained by the time integrating means is a predetermined value. A display device for displaying a notification urging a user to refill the storage battery with water is provided.
[0008]
The invention according to claim 2 of the present invention is a lead-acid battery state determining device, wherein the state determining device includes measuring means for measuring a voltage (V) between storage battery terminals, and the measured voltage (V) Is provided with a time integrating means for integrating a time (T) in which is equal to or more than a predetermined value (Vr), and means for measuring the temperature (S) of the storage battery at this time (T) is provided. A temperature acceleration coefficient (k) for (Sr) is obtained, a temperature corrected time (Tc) is obtained from the temperature correction coefficient (k) and the time (T), and a temperature correction integration obtained by integrating the time (Tc). When the time (ΣTc) is a predetermined value, a display means for displaying a notice urging the user to refill the storage battery is provided.
[0009]
The invention according to claim 3 of the present invention, in the lead-acid battery state determination device according to claim 1, further comprises means for measuring the temperature of the lead-acid battery, and as the temperature rises, the predetermined value (Vr) of the voltage (V) is increased. ) Is lowered.
[0010]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the lead storage battery state determination device of the first, second, or third aspect, when a predetermined pattern of discharge load is applied to the lead storage battery, this is detected. Means for resetting the integration time (ΔT) or the temperature correction integration time (ΔTc).
[0011]
Furthermore, the invention according to claim 5 of the present invention is directed to a lead storage battery integrally provided with the state determination device according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4.
[0012]
The invention according to claim 6 of the present invention is the lead storage battery according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein the lead storage battery is composed of Pb- as a positive electrode grid and a negative electrode grid. It is characterized by using a Ca alloy.
[0013]
The invention according to claim 7 of the present invention is the lead storage battery according to claim 5, wherein a Pb-Ca alloy is used for the positive grid and the negative grid.
[0014]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
(1) First Embodiment A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, the lead-acid battery state determination device 2 according to the present invention includes a voltage measuring means 3 for measuring the battery voltage (V) of the lead-acid battery. The voltage signal from the voltage measuring means 3 is input to the time integrating means 4. The time integrating means integrates the time when the voltage (V) becomes equal to or higher than the predetermined voltage (Vr). That is, the integrated time (ΔT) is obtained by calculating the sum of the times T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4, ... Shown in FIG. Then, when the integrated time (ΔT) reaches a certain set value, the display means 5 displays a message prompting the user to refill the lead storage battery. The display method is, for example, blinking of an LED.
[0015]
Here, the predetermined voltage (Vr) is set to a voltage at which the electrolysis reaction of water occurs inside the lead storage battery and gas starts to be generated. That is, the amount of electrolyzed water is estimated based on the total time (integrated time (ΔT)) during which the electrolysis reaction of water occurs, and the amount of liquid reduction is estimated. Then, an integrated time (ΔT) at which water refilling is required is obtained and set in advance, and when the integrated time reaches this set value, a display of water refilling required is displayed.
[0016]
(2) Second Embodiment In a second embodiment of the present invention, the temperature measuring means 6 for measuring the temperature of the lead storage battery 1 in the first embodiment is obtained. In other words, the rate of the electrolysis reaction of water increases with an increase in temperature, and as a result, the amount of liquid reduction increases. Therefore, the integration time is calculated in consideration of the increase in the amount of liquid reduction.
[0017]
As a configuration for this, as shown in FIG. 2, to determine the average temperature S 1 of the battery at time T 1, each time Tn after (n = 1,2 ...) the average temperature Sn (n = 1, 2 for …). Next, a temperature correction coefficient k is obtained from the temperature difference between the average temperature Sn and the arbitrarily set standard temperature Sr. When the amount of liquid reduction during the time Tn at the average temperature Sn corresponds to that at the time Tr at the standard temperature Sr, the temperature acceleration coefficient k is obtained by Expression (1).
[0018]
kn = Tr / Tn Equation (1)
This k value is obtained in advance for various storage battery temperatures, and a temperature correction time Tc in the case of converting to the standard temperature (Sr) by multiplying the time Tn by the temperature correction coefficient k is obtained for each n. Then, the temperature correction time Tc is integrated to obtain a temperature correction integration time (ΣTc). Then, when the temperature correction integrated time (ｃTc) reaches a predetermined value, the display means 5 displays a notification of water replenishment required. According to such a configuration, even when there is a change in the temperature environment of the storage battery, it is possible to correct the change in the liquid reduction amount due to the temperature change and to accurately display the water replacement required.
[0019]
As another temperature correction method, a predetermined voltage (Vr) for performing time integration is provided with a temperature gradient. Specifically, as the storage battery temperature (S) increases, the gas generation voltage also decreases. Therefore, the predetermined voltage (Vr) is reduced. As a result, it is possible to correct an increase in the amount of gas generated due to a rise in temperature and an increase in the amount of liquid reduction due to the increase, and to accurately display the need for replenishment.
[0020]
It goes without saying that the lead-acid battery state determination device 2 according to the first and second embodiments can be provided integrally with the lead-acid battery 1. In addition, in the case of separate installation, it may be installed in a position easily visible in the engine compartment.
[0021]
Further, as the lead storage battery to which the state determination device 2 of the present invention is applied, it is preferable to use an alloy which does not contain Sb such as a Pb-Ca alloy as the positive electrode grid and the negative electrode grid so as to increase the liquid reduction amount. This is because the relationship between the time and the amount of liquid reduction of such a lead storage battery has a substantially linear relationship between the time and the amount of liquid reduction as shown in FIG. Therefore, by applying the present invention to such a lead storage battery, it becomes possible to more accurately notify the user of the time when water replenishment is necessary.
[0022]
On the other hand, in the case of using a lead-antimony alloy as the positive grid and a lead-calcium alloy as the negative grid, the liquid reduction rate increases with time as shown in FIG. 3B. Therefore, in order to more accurately estimate the time at which rehydration is required, it is necessary to take this increase in liquid reduction rate into consideration. However, the degree of the increase varies depending on the use history of the lead storage battery, and it is difficult to strictly correct it. From this viewpoint, it is more preferable to apply the present invention to a lead storage battery using a Pb-Ca alloy for the bipolar lattice.
[0023]
Further, it is necessary to reset the accumulated time after completion of the water refilling operation. As this mechanism, a mechanical reset switch can be separately provided. However, since the lead storage battery is installed in the engine compartment, the switch is required to be dustproof and waterproof. Since such a switch is generally expensive, it hinders a reduction in the price of the state determination device itself.
[0024]
In the present invention, the integration time can be reset when the lead storage battery is discharged in a predetermined pattern. For example, the light may be blinked a predetermined number of times while the engine is stopped, and the integrated time may be reset when the discharge pattern is detected by the voltage measurement unit.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the configuration of the present invention, the amount of liquid reduction of the lead storage battery can be estimated and the user can be notified of the need for water replenishment at the required time, which is convenient for the user's inspection work. It can improve the properties and is industrially extremely useful.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a state determination device of a lead storage battery according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a change over time in storage battery voltage and storage battery temperature; FIG. Description】
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Lead storage battery 2 State determination device 3 Voltage measuring means 4 Time integrating means 5 Display means 6 Temperature measuring means
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003082433A JP4305020B2 (en) | 2003-03-25 | 2003-03-25 | Lead storage battery state determination device and lead storage battery |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003082433A JP4305020B2 (en) | 2003-03-25 | 2003-03-25 | Lead storage battery state determination device and lead storage battery |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2004288588A true JP2004288588A (en) | 2004-10-14 |
| JP4305020B2 JP4305020B2 (en) | 2009-07-29 |
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| JP2003082433A Expired - Fee Related JP4305020B2 (en) | 2003-03-25 | 2003-03-25 | Lead storage battery state determination device and lead storage battery |
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| JP (1) | JP4305020B2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102004228A (en) * | 2010-11-10 | 2011-04-06 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Detection method and device of terminal battery voltage |
| JP2013125701A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2013-06-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | Battery charge and discharge control device |
| JP2013190292A (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2013-09-26 | Toyota Motor Corp | Device and method for inspecting batteries |
-
2003
- 2003-03-25 JP JP2003082433A patent/JP4305020B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102004228A (en) * | 2010-11-10 | 2011-04-06 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Detection method and device of terminal battery voltage |
| JP2013125701A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2013-06-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | Battery charge and discharge control device |
| JP2013190292A (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2013-09-26 | Toyota Motor Corp | Device and method for inspecting batteries |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4305020B2 (en) | 2009-07-29 |
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