JP2004283073A - Food for persons with difficulty in digestion or swallowing, and digestion or swallowing auxiliary composition - Google Patents
Food for persons with difficulty in digestion or swallowing, and digestion or swallowing auxiliary composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2004283073A JP2004283073A JP2003078740A JP2003078740A JP2004283073A JP 2004283073 A JP2004283073 A JP 2004283073A JP 2003078740 A JP2003078740 A JP 2003078740A JP 2003078740 A JP2003078740 A JP 2003078740A JP 2004283073 A JP2004283073 A JP 2004283073A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- gum
- swallowing
- food
- psyllium seed
- seed gum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、咀嚼・嚥下障害者や高齢者等、咀嚼又は嚥下機能が低下している者が、安全且つ容易に摂食できるように調製された食品ならびに既存食品にかかる性質を付与する目的で添加される咀嚼・嚥下補助組成物に関し、詳しくは咀嚼・嚥下障害者や高齢者が食品本来の香味や食感を楽しみ且つ安全に嚥下でき、更に常温で長時間放置しても咀嚼・嚥下適性が優れている食品ならびに既存の食品にかかる性質を付与する目的で添加される咀嚼・嚥下補助組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
高齢者の増加に伴い、食物を噛み砕き飲み込むという一連の動作に障害をもつ、いわゆる咀嚼・嚥下障害者が増加している。加えて、脳血管障害、腫瘍等の疾病が咀嚼・嚥下障害を引き起こす場合も多く、その増加を一層加速させている。これら咀嚼・嚥下障害者は窒息や誤嚥肺炎を起こしやすいため、栄養摂取の方法を、経口から経管あるいは経静脈へと変えなければならないことが多い。経管あるいは経静脈栄養法の技術的進歩は目覚しく、咀嚼・嚥下障害者の栄養管理のうえでそれらが果たす役割は大きい。反面、経口的に食物を摂取できないという精神的苦痛を伴うため、QOL(Quality of Life)の改善という観点からみると、できるだけ「口から摂取できる食事」を工夫することが重要である。このような状況のもと、経口摂食が可能で食べる楽しみが得られ、かつ、摂食機能を向上させることが出来る嚥下障害者用の食品の開発が盛んに行われている。
【0003】
咀嚼・嚥下障害者に適した食品として、1)食塊形成性(食品の口中でのまとまりやすさ)に優れること、2)のどへの付着性が少ないことなどが挙げられ、このようなテクスチャー条件を満たす食品、あるいは既存食品にかかる性質を付与するためのゲル化剤、増粘剤の開発が種々検討されている。既存食品のテクスチャーを上記のごとく改良するゲル化剤、増粘剤としては、例えば、「キサンタンガム含有流動状食品」(特許文献1)にみられるキサンタンガム、「易嚥下補助組成物並びにこれを用いた食品組成物及び医薬品用組成物」(特許文献2)にみられるタラガムおよび/またはローカストビーンガムとキサンタンガムの併用、「嚥下補助食品」(特許文献3)にみられるローメトキシルペクチン、アルギン酸ナトリウムおよびカラギナンから選択される1種類または2種類以上の併用、「液状食品粘稠化剤」(特許文献4)にみられるタピオカ澱粉又はバレイショ澱粉の使用、「ゲル状組成物及びその製造方法」(特許文献5)にみられる寒天及び/又はファーセルランとネイティブ型ジェランガムの併用、κカラギナンとキサンタンガム及び/又はネイティブ型ジェランガムの併用、およびジェランガムとグアガム及び/又はローカストビーンガムの併用等が知られている。
【0004】
ゲル化剤や増粘剤を利用して、食品物性を咀嚼・嚥下しやすいものに改良するためには素材の選択と使用量の設定が重要である。脱アシル型ジェランガムや寒天は、食品工業の分野で汎用される代表的なゲル化剤である。しかし、これらの素材は総じて脆い食感のゲルを形成し、一度破砕したゲルは再結着しにくいという性質を有する。また、脆さを低減するために低濃度で使用すると、離水が多くなるという問題もある。つまり、これらのゲルは咀嚼したときに均一な食塊を形成しにくく、咀嚼・嚥下困難者用食品の基盤素材として必ずしも有効ではない。
【0005】
一方、サイリウムシードガムは、食品の保水性を向上させる素材として知られており、例えば、ゼリー状食品の離水防止及び食感改良の目的で他のゼリー化剤と併用できる(特許文献6)。
【0006】
しかし、食品への応用に際しては、サイリウムシードガムが有する高い粘稠性が問題となることがある。サイリウムシードガムの粘稠性を抑える方法として、化工澱粉、アラビアガム、アラビノガラクタン、グアガム分解物、プルラン、食物繊維及びこれらの組合せから選択されるサイリウム粘性低下用多糖類(特許文献7)、多糖類を造粒したサイリウム粘性低下造粒多糖類(特許文献8)、サイリウム溶液にプロテアーゼを作用させたサイリウム溶液の低粘化方法(特許文献9)などが知られているものの、飲み込み時に喉(咽頭相)へ付着する性質が依然として強いため、咀嚼・嚥下困難者用食品の基盤素材として使用されることは殆どない
【0007】
サイリウムシードガムと他のゲル化剤、増粘剤との併用も知られており、例えば、「易嚥下補助組成物並びにこれを用いた食品用組成物及び医薬品用組成物」(特許文献2)にみられるようにタラガム及び又はローカストビーンガムとキサンタンガムとを併用してなる易嚥下補助組成物に、食塊形成性を付与する目的でサイリウムシードガムを配合する方法が記載されている。しかし、この補助組成物も粘稠性、付着性が依然として高く、必ずしも優れた飲み込み特性を再現できるわけではない。また、サイリウムシードガムを添加することで、特有の植物臭が付与され、透明性が低下するなど、嗜好性の面での劣化も避けられない。
【特許文献1】特開平11−318356号公報
【特許文献2】特開2000−191553号公報
【特許文献3】特開2000−325041号公報
【特許文献4】特開平5−38262号公報
【特許文献5】特開2002−300854号公報
【特許文献6】特開昭60−137252号公報
【特許文献7】特許第2977823号
【特許文献8】特開2001−103934号公報
【特許文献9】特開2002−320460号公報
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記事情に鑑みなされたもので、咀嚼・嚥下障害者や高齢者等の咀嚼・嚥下機能が低下した者に適した嚥下食について、食感的には1)食塊形成性(食品の口中でのまとまりやすさ)に優れ、2)のどへの付着性が少なく、機能的には1)無味無臭で、2)透明性があり、3)保水性に優れた嚥下障害者用食品を提供することを目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するために鋭意検討した結果、脱アシル型ジェランガム及び又は寒天と、サイリウムシードガムとを一定添加量で併用することにより、弱いゲル構造が構築されて、水のような液状食品の流動性が適度に抑制され、且つ口腔及び咽頭相への付着性が著しく小さく、更に経時的な物性変化が少ないという、咀嚼・嚥下に最適な特性を食品に付与できることを見いだした。また脱アシル型ジェランガム及び又は寒天とサイリウムシードガム混合比率、および脱アシル型ジェランガム及び又は寒天とサイリウムシードガムからなる組成物の配合量によって、形成されるゲル状構造の硬さを自由に調節し、咀嚼・嚥下に適した物性を調製することができる。
【0010】
更に本発明者等は検討を重ね、精製されたサイリウムシードガムを使用することにより、透明性が高くなり、特有の植物臭が低下することを見いだした。即ち、精製されたサイリウムシードガムを使用することにより、食品の外観や嗜好性を損なうことなく、咀嚼・嚥下に適した物性を付与できることを見いだした。
【0011】
本発明は、以下の態様を有する咀嚼・嚥下困難者用食品に関する。
項1.脱アシル型ジェランガム及び又は寒天と、サイリウムシードガムとを含むことを特徴とする咀嚼・嚥下困難者用食品。
項2.咀嚼・嚥下困難者用食品に対する添加量が、脱アシル型ジェランガム及び又は寒天が0.02〜1重量%、サイリウムシードガムが0.1〜5重量%である項1に咀嚼・嚥下困難者用食品。
項3.サイリウムシードガムが、透過率70%以上(波長720nm、濃度1%、温度25℃における測定値)の精製品である、項1又は2に記載の咀嚼・嚥下困難者用食品。
【0012】
また、本発明は、以下の態様を有する咀嚼・嚥下補助組成物に関する。
項4.脱アシル型ジェランガム及び又は寒天と、サイリウムシードガムとを併用することを特徴とする咀嚼・嚥下補助組成物。
項5.脱アシル型ジェランガム及び又は寒天の含有率が0.4〜90重量%、サイリウムシードガムの含有率が10〜99.6重量%である項4に記載の咀嚼・嚥下補助組成物。
項6.サイリウムシードガムが、透過率70%以上(波長720nm、濃度1%、温度25℃における測定値)の精製品である、項4又は5に記載の咀嚼・嚥下補助組成物。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
(1)咀嚼・嚥下困難者用食品
本発明の咀嚼・嚥下困難者用食品は、脱アシル型ジェランガム及び又は寒天と、サイリウムシードガムとを併用することを特徴とする。
【0014】
本発明で用いられる脱アシル型ジェランガムは、水生植物の表面から分離された非病原性微生物Sphingomonas elodeaが産出する発酵多糖類であり、β−D−グルコース、β−D−グルクロン酸、β−D−グルコース、α−L−ラムノースの繰り返し構造をモノマーとする直鎖状の多糖類である。脱アシル型ジェランガムは食品工業の分野で、デザートゼリー、ゼリー飲料、プリン、ジャム、およびフィリング等の基盤素材、マイクロゲルの様態でドレッシング類や果肉飲料の分散剤、あるいは菓子類のコーティング剤として広く用いられており、商業的に入手可能な製品として、シーピーケルコ社製のケルコゲルを挙げることができる。
【0015】
本発明で用いられる寒天は、β−D−ガラクトースと3,6−アンヒドロ−α−L−ガラクトースの繰り返し構造(アガロビオース)をモノマーとする、紅藻由来の多糖類である。寒天はアガロースとアガロペクチンの2成分からなるが、ゲル化を支配するアガロースは酸性基を殆ど持たない。食品工業の分野では、主にデザートゼリー、ようかん、およびところてん等の基盤素材として古くから使用されてきている。原料種や製造方法により種々の特性を有する寒天を調製することが可能であり、例えば、従来品に比べてゲルの融点が高い「高融点寒天」、低分子で糸曳性の小さい「ウルトラ寒天」、溶解温度が低い「即溶性寒天」、及び粘性の高い「高粘性寒天」等が市販されており、これによりドレッシング、マヨネーズ、および飲料等でも寒天が使用されるようになっている。なお、商業的に入手可能な製品としては、三栄源エフ・エフ・アイ株式会社製の「ゲルアップJ−1630」、「ゲルアップJ−3749」、「ゲルアップJ−3762」などを挙げることができる。
【0016】
本発明で用いられるサイリウムシードガムとはオオバコの一種であるPlantago種(Plantaginaceae)植物の中の、主にPlantago ovata Forskal等の種子から採った天然植物ガムのことである。サイリウムシードガムは種子の外側を包む外皮の部分を用い、この種皮はサイリウムハスク(Psyllium Husk)あるいはイサゴール( Isapgol, Isabgol)とも呼ばれている。サイリウムシードガム中の非セルロース多糖類は、キシランを主鎖として高度に分岐した構造を持ち、側鎖は、アラビノース、キシロース、ガラクツロン酸、ラムノースからなっている。
【0017】
サイリウムシードガムの特徴としては、1)冷水でも十分に膨潤増粘して、高い吸水性を示すこと、2)低濃度では非ニュートン粘性を、高濃度では弾力性の強いゲル状物を形成すること、3)耐酸、耐塩、耐酵素性に優れ、粘性は長期間安定であること、4)腸内細菌による被分解性が低く、食物繊維として有効であること等が挙げられる。食品工業の分野では、麺類、水産練製品、惣菜類の保水剤あるいは健康食品の食物繊維源として使用されており、一般的に入手可能な製品として三栄源エフ・エフ・アイ株式会社製の「ビストップ[商標]D−2071」などを挙げることができる。
【0018】
本発明において、脱アシル型ジェランガムとサイリウムシードガムを咀嚼・嚥下者用食品に使用する場合、その配合量の組合せとして、脱アシル型ジェランガム0.02〜0.2重量%、サイリウムシードガム0.1〜5重量%(いずれも最終食品中の配合量)、好ましくは脱アシル型ジェランガム0.03〜0.15重量%、サイリウムシードガム0.3〜3%、更に好ましくは脱アシル型ジェランガム0.04〜0.1重量%、サイリウムシードガム0.5〜1重量%を挙げることができる。
【0019】
一方、寒天とサイリウムシードガムを咀嚼・嚥下者用食品に使用する場合、その配合量の組合せとして、寒天0.1〜1重量%、サイリウムシードガム0.1〜5重量%(いずれも最終食品中の配合量)、好ましくは寒天0.15〜0.75重量%、サイリウムシードガム0.3〜3%、更に好ましくは寒天0.2〜0.5重量%、サイリウムシードガム0.5〜1重量%を挙げることができる。
【0020】
更には、脱アシル型ジェランガムと寒天を併用して、サイリウムシードガムとともに使用することも出来る。その場合の添加量は、脱アシル型ジェランガム0.01〜0.1重量%、寒天0.05〜0.5重量%、サイリウムシードガム0.1〜5重量%を例示することができる。
【0021】
脱アシル型ジェランガム及び又は寒天とサイリウムシードガムを併用することにより、脱アシル型ジェランガム及び又は寒天の脆さ、及びサイリウムシードガムの付着性が相互に低減され、食塊形成能及び保水性に優れたゲル状食品を調製することができる。これらの性質は咀嚼・嚥下困難者用食品に要求される食感的および機能的性質を十分に満足するものである。
【0022】
なお本発明においては、サイリウムシードガムとして、特に食品の外観や嗜好性への悪影響が少ない精製品を使用するのが好ましく、その透過率は70%以上であることが望ましい。かかる製品のうち、商業的に入手可能なものとして三栄源エフ・エフ・アイ株式会社製の「ビストップ[商標]D−2074」を挙げることができる。
【0023】
なお、本発明でいう透過率は、80℃の脱イオン水にサイリウムシードガムを膨潤し(濃度1%)、25℃まで冷却した後、石英セル(光路長1cm)に充填し、波長720nmで脱イオン水をレファレンスとして測定した値であり、値が100%に近いほど透過性が脱イオン水に近いことを意味する。
【0024】
本発明の咀嚼・嚥下困難者用食品は、少なくとも上記成分を含有するものであればよいが、本発明の効果を奏する限りにおいて、他に任意の成分を配合することもできる。
【0025】
特に、脱アシル型ジェランガムを添加する場合は、2価のカチオンを添加するのが好ましい。脱アシル型ジェランガムは分子内に酸性基(カルボキシル基)を有するため、そのゲル物性はカチオンの添加により大きく異なる。特にカルシウム等の二価のカチオンを添加した場合、分子間架橋(二重螺旋の会合)が促進され、ゲルの弾性率が増加する傾向にある。本発明の咀嚼・嚥下困難者用食品においても、脱アシル型ジェランガムが形成するゲル構造を強化する目的で二価のカチオンを添加することが可能であり、カルシウム塩、好適には乳酸カルシウムや塩化カルシウムなどが用いられる。例えば、乳酸カルシウムを使用する場合、脱アシル型ジェランガムの20〜200重量%が添加量の目安となるが、塩濃度が過剰になると弾性率が低下する場合がある。また、下記記載のキレート剤を使用する場合では、ゲル化に必要なカチオンがキレート剤に補足され、ゲル化因子としての効力を失うことがある。
【0026】
また、脱アシル型ジェランガムの水溶解性を高める目的でキレート剤を添加することも可能であり、クエン酸三ナトリウムやメタリン酸ナトリウムが好適に用いられる。例えば、クエン酸三ナトリウムを使用する場合、脱アシル型ジェランガムの10〜100重量%が添加量の目安となる。
【0027】
本発明の咀嚼・嚥下困難者用食品には、食品原材料は無論のこと、脱アシル型ジェランガム又は寒天、及びサイリウムシードガムの効果を妨げない範囲において、他の食品添加物、例えば、L−アスパラギン酸ナトリウム等のアミノ酸またはその塩、5’−イノシン酸二ナトリウム等の核酸またはその塩、クエン酸一カリウム等の有機酸またはその塩、および塩化カリウム等の無機塩類に代表される調味料;、カラシ抽出物、ワサビ抽出物、およびコウジ酸等の日持向上剤;、シラコたん白抽出物、ポリリシン、およびソルビン酸等の保存料;α、βアミラーゼ、α、βグルコシダ−ゼ、パパイン等の酵素;、クエン酸、フマル酸、コハク酸等のpH調整剤;、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、有機酸モノグリセリド、レシチン等の乳化剤;、香料;、β−カロチン、アナトー色素等の着色料;、カラギナン(κ、ι、λ)、アルギン酸及びアルギン酸塩、LM及びHMペクチン、グアガム、タラガム、ローカストビーンガム、タマリンドシードガム、水溶性大豆多糖類、サバクヨボギシードガム、コンニャクグルコマンナン、澱粉、化工及び加工澱粉、澱粉加水分解物、キサンタンガム、ラムザンガム、ウェランガム、カードラン、プルラン、アラビアガム、カラヤガム、トラガントガム、ガッティガム、微結晶セルロース、微小繊維状セルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース塩、メチルセルロース、エチルメチルセルロース、ハイドロキシプロピルセルロース、キチン、キトサン等の増粘剤、ゲル化剤;膨張剤;乳清たん白質、大豆たん白質等のたん白質;ショ糖、果糖、還元デンプン糖化物、エリスリトール、キシリトール等の糖類;スクラロース、ソーマチン、アセスルファムカリウム、アスパルテーム等の甘味料;ビタミンA、ビタミンC、ビタミンE、ビタミンK等のビタミン類;鉄、カルシウム等のミネラル類等を添加することができる。
【0028】
また対象とする食品としては、水分補給ゼリー、栄養補給ゼリー及びプリン、ミキサー加工食品、うらごし野菜、キザミ食、ムース状食品、高栄養流動食品、及びたんぱく質調整食品等を挙げることができるが、特にこれらに限定されるものではない。
【0029】
(2)咀嚼・嚥下補助組成物
本発明の咀嚼・嚥下補助組成物は、脱アシル型ジェランガム及び又は寒天と、サイリウムシードガムとを併用してなることを特徴とする。本発明の咀嚼・嚥下補助組成物は、咀嚼・嚥下困難者用食品を製造する際の原料としても使用できるし、任意の既知食品に添加して咀嚼・嚥下困難者用食品とすることもできる。
【0030】
脱アシル型ジェランガムとサイリウムシードガムの混合物を咀嚼・嚥下補助組成物として使用する場合、その配合量の組合せとして、脱アシル型ジェランガム0.4〜70重量%、サイリウムシードガム30〜99.6重量%(いずれも該組成物中の配合量)、好ましくは脱アシル型ジェランガム1〜35重量%、サイリウムシードガム65〜99重量%、更に好ましくは脱アシル型ジェランガム3〜20重量%、サイリウムシードガム80〜97重量%を挙げることができる。なお、該組成物の食品への添加量は0.05〜3重量%、好ましくは0.08〜2重量%、更に好ましくは0.1〜1.5重量%である。
【0031】
一方、寒天とサイリウムシードガムの混合物を咀嚼・嚥下補助組成物として使用する場合、その配合量の組合せとして、寒天2〜90重量%、サイリウムシードガム10〜98重量%(いずれも該組成物中の配合量)、好ましくは寒天5〜70重量%、サイリウムシードガム30〜95重量%、更に好ましくは寒天15〜50重量%、サイリウムシードガム50〜85重量%を挙げることができる。なお、該組成物の食品への添加量は0.3〜3重量%、好ましくは0.4〜2重量%、更に好ましくは0.5〜1重量%である。
【0032】
更に、脱アシル型ジェランガムと寒天を併用し、サイリウムシードガムと合わせて使用する場合は、その配合量の組合せとして、脱アシル型ジェランガム0.2〜35重量%、寒天1〜50重量%、サイリウムシードガム15〜98.8重量%を例示することができる。
【0033】
これらの咀嚼・嚥下補助組成物は、任意の既存食品に添加することができるが、そのゲル化特性を発揮させるためには、該組成物を溶媒中で分散・溶解し、冷却させるという熱履歴を経ることが望ましい。このように処理することで、脱アシル型ジェランガム及び又は寒天の脆さ、及びサイリウムシードガムの付着性が相互に低減され、食塊形成能及び保水性に優れたゲル状食品を調製することができる。
【0034】
なお本発明においては、サイリウムシードガムとして、特に食品の外観や嗜好性への悪影響が少ない精製品を使用するのが好ましく、その透過率(波長720nm、濃度1%、温度25℃における測定値)は70%以上であることが望ましい。かかる製品のうち、商業的に入手可能なものとして三栄源エフ・エフ・アイ株式会社製のビストップD−2074」を挙げることができる。
【0035】
本発明の咀嚼・嚥下補助組成物は、少なくとも上記成分を含有するものであればよいが、本発明の効果を奏する限りにおいて、他に任意の成分を配合することもでき、例えば前述の乳酸カルシウムやクエン酸三ナトリウムを挙げることができる。
【0036】
本発明の咀嚼・嚥下補助組成物には、その効果を妨げない範囲において、他の食品添加物、例えば、L−アスパラギン酸ナトリウム等のアミノ酸またはその塩、5’−イノシン酸二ナトリウム等の核酸またはその塩、クエン酸一カリウム等の有機酸またはその塩、および塩化カリウム等の無機塩類に代表される調味料;カラシ抽出物、ワサビ抽出物、およびコウジ酸等の日持向上剤;、シラコたん白抽出物、ポリリシン、およびソルビン酸等の保存料;α、βアミラーゼ、α、βグルコシダ−ゼ、パパイン等の酵素;クエン酸、フマル酸、コハク酸等のpH調整剤;ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、有機酸モノグリセリド、レシチン等の乳化剤;、香料;β−カロチン、アナトー色素等の着色料;カラギナン(κ、ι、λ)、アルギン酸及びアルギン酸塩、LM及びHMペクチン、グアガム、タラガム、ローカストビーンガム、タマリンドシードガム、水溶性大豆多糖類、サバクヨモギシードガム、コンニャクグルコマンナン、澱粉、化工及び加工澱粉、澱粉加水分解物、キサンタンガム、ラムザンガム、ウェランガム、カードラン、プルラン、アラビアガム、カラヤガム、トラガントガム、ガッティガム、微結晶セルロース、微小繊維状セルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース塩、メチルセルロース、エチルメチルセルロース、ハイドロキシプロピルセルロース、キチン、キトサン等の増粘剤、ゲル化剤;膨張剤;乳清たん白質、大豆たん白質等のたん白質;ショ糖、果糖、還元デンプン糖化物、エリスリトール、キシリトール等の糖類;スクラロース、ソーマチン、アセスルファムカリウム、アスパルテーム等の甘味料;ビタミンA、ビタミンC、ビタミンE、ビタミンK等のビタミン類;鉄、カルシウム等のミネラル類等を添加することができる。
【0037】
本発明の咀嚼・嚥下補助組成物が対象とする食品は、例えばアイスクリーム、アイスミルク、ラクトアイス、シャーベット、氷菓等の冷菓類;牛乳、乳飲料、乳酸菌飲料、果汁入り清涼飲料、炭酸飲料、果汁飲料、菜汁飲料、茶飲料、イオン飲料、スポーツ飲料、機能性飲料、ビタミン補給飲料、栄養補給バランス飲料、粉末飲料等の飲料類;カスタードプリン,ミルクプリン及び果汁入りプリン等のプリン類、ゼリー、ババロア及びヨーグルト等のデザート類;チューインガムや風船ガム等のガム類(板ガム、糖衣状粒ガム);マーブルチョコレート等のコーティングチョコレートの他、イチゴチョコレート、ブルーベリーチョコレート及びメロンチョコレート等の風味を付加したチョコレート等のチョコレート類;ソフトキャンディー(キャラメル、ヌガー、グミキャンディー、マシュマロ等を含む)、タフィ等のキャラメル類;ソフトビスケット、ソフトクッキー等の菓子類;セパレートドレッシングやノンオイルドレッシングなどのドレッシング、ケチャップ、たれ、ソースなどのソース類;ストロベリージャム、ブルーベリージャム、マーマレード、リンゴジャム、杏ジャム、プレザーブ等のジャム類;赤ワイン等の果実酒;シロップ漬のチェリー、アンズ、リンゴ、イチゴ等の加工用果実;ハム、ソーセージ、焼き豚等の畜肉加工品;魚肉ハム、魚肉ソーセージ、魚肉すり身、蒲鉾、竹輪、はんぺん、薩摩揚げ、伊達巻き、鯨ベーコン等の水産練り製品;うどん、冷麦、そうめん、ソバ、中華そば、スパゲッティ、マカロニ、ビーフン、はるさめ及びワンタン等の麺類;コンソメスープ、ポタージュスープ、クリームスープ、中華スープ等の各種スープ、味噌汁、清汁、シチュウ、カレー、グラタンなどのスープ類;その他、各種総菜及び蒲鉾、麩、田麩等、種々の食品及びこれらの食品を更に加工した、加工食品等も挙げることができる。また、このような一般食品に加えて、蛋白質・リン・カリウム調整食品、塩分調整食品、油脂調整食品、整腸作用食品、カルシウム・鉄・ビタミン強化食品、低アレルギー食品、濃厚流動食、ミキサー食、及びキザミ食等の特殊食品や治療食を挙げることができる。
【0038】
本発明の咀嚼・嚥下補助組成物の製造方法は、上記の必須成分を含むものであれば特に制限されず、例えば1)リボンミキサーやVブレンダーを用いて粉体で混合する方法、2)水中で加熱することによって溶解、均一分散させ液状とする方法、3)別々に溶液を調製し、使用時に混合する方法、4)溶液化したものをスプレードライ等により分散粉末化する方法、5)粉体で混合し、プレス機で圧縮することにより打錠し、錠剤状にする方法、及び6)溶液化したものを造粒機により、顆粒化して使用する方法等によって調製することができる。
【0039】
本発明の咀嚼・嚥下補助組成物は、脱アシル型ジェランガム及び又は寒天と、サイリウムシードガムとを必須成分として含有するものであり、食品に適度なゲル構造を付与し、食塊形成能を改良する。また付着性や経時的な物性変化が少ないので高齢者や咀嚼・嚥下補助組成物としては理想的な性状を備えている。更に、サイリウムシードガムとして精製品を使用することにより、食品の外観や味をほとんど損なわないので、嗜好面でも優れている。
【0040】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の内容を以下の実施例、比較例等を用いて具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらに何ら限定されるものではない。また、特に記載のない限り「部」とは、「重量部」を意味するものとする。
【0041】
実験例1(脱アシル型ジェランガムと未精製サイリウムシードガムの併用)
(1)ゲルの調製
表1に示す処方に従い、ゲルを調製した。具体的には、90℃に加熱した脱イオン水に、脱アシル型ジェランガム、サイリウムシードガムを分散・溶解させた後、予め水に溶解した乳酸カルシウムを添加し、更に90℃で10分間攪拌した。脱イオン水を用いて重量を補正した後、カップ(直径6.2cm、高さ5.4cm)充填し、8℃の恒温水槽中で約1時間冷却してゲルを調製した。得られたゲルは4℃で保存して、各種測定に供した。
【0042】
(2)ゲルの評価
以下の3項目について評価した。なお、いずれも保存1日後にゲルを25℃まで戻して評価した。なお、離水については7日後にも測定した。結果を表1に併せて示す。
【0043】
1.食感について、ゲルのマトリックス(脱アシル型ジェランガムの食感に近いか、サイリウムシードガムの食感に近いか)を、官能評価により判断した。即ち、脆さが粘りよりも強く感じる場合は脱アシル型ジェランガム(表中の標記はジェラン)、粘りが脆さよりも強く感じる場合はサイリウムシードガム(表中の標記はサイリウム)とした。
2.食感について、食塊形成のしやすさを4段階(1: 悪い、2: やや悪い、3: やや良い、4: 良い、5: 非常に良い)で評価した。
3.離水について、カップ表面に遊離した水分をペーパータオルでふき取り、重量の減少分から算出した。表中、「<1%」は、離水が1%より低いことを示す。
【0044】
【表1】
【0045】
表1より、脱アシル型ジェランガム単独使用区(比較例1〜3)は脆く、食塊のまとまりがないため飲み込みにくかった。サイリウムシードガムを併用すると、脱アシル型ジェランガムゲル特有の脆さが少なくなり、しなやかさが付与されて、食塊がまとまりやすくなった。また、実施例1のゲルのマトリックスは脱アシル型ジェランガムとサイリウムシードガムの中間となったが、このマトリックスが脱アシル型ジェランガムとサイリウムシードガムの中間領域のときに、食塊がまとまりやすく、非常に飲み込みやすい物性となった。
【0046】
脱アシル型ジェランガム単独使用区(比較例1〜3)では、ゲル表面に離水が発生し、ジェランガム添加量が低いほど離水は多くなった。また、これらのいずれの試料においても、保存により離水は増加した。サイリウムシードガムを併用することにより、目視では殆ど観察できない程度にまで離水は減少し、経時的な変化も認められなかった。
【0047】
このように、脱アシル型ジェランガム及びサイリウムシードガムを併用したゲルの食感が所望のものとなり、咀嚼・嚥下困難者用食品として優れることが判った。
【0048】
実験例2(脱アシル型ジェランガムと精製サイリウムシードガムの併用、未精製サイリウムシードガムとの効果比較)
(1)咀嚼・嚥下補助組成物の調製
脱アシル型ジェランガムとして「ケルコゲル」(シーピーケルコ社製)を、精製サイリウムシードガムとして「ビストップ[商標]D−2074」(三栄源エフ・エフ・アイ株式会社製)、未精製サイリウムシードガムとして「ビストップ[商標]D−2701」(三栄源エフ・エフ・アイ株式会社製)を使用し、下記表2に示す処方に従い、咀嚼・嚥下補助組成物を調製した。
【0049】
なお、精製サイリウムシードガムとは、未精製のサイリウムシードガムを水に溶解後、例えばイソプロピルアルコールのようなアルコールを用いて沈殿、洗浄、乾燥したもののうち、(2)に示す透過度を有するものを、未精製サイリウムシードガムとは前記のような精製を行わない未精製品を指す。
【0050】
【表2】
【0051】
(2)透過率の測定
80℃の脱イオン水にサイリウムシードガムを溶解し(濃度1%)、25℃まで冷却した。これを石英セル(光路長1cm)に充填し、波長720nmで脱イオン水をレファレンスとして透過率を測定した。結果を表3に示す。
【0052】
【表3】
【0053】
未精製サイリウムシードガムは茶色に着色していたのに対し、精製サイリウムシードガムはわずかに白濁するものの、透明性の高い溶液となった。
【0054】
(3)ゲルの調製
表2に示す嚥下・咀嚼補助組成物を、表4に示す添加量で使用して、ゲルを調製した。具体的には、90℃に加熱した脱イオン水に、表2の組成物を分散・溶解させた後、予め水に溶解した乳酸カルシウムを濃度0.1%になるように添加し、更に90℃で10分間攪拌した。脱イオン水を用いて重量を補正した後、カップ(直径6.2cm、高さ5.4cm)充填し、8℃の恒温水槽中で約1時間冷却してゲルを調製した。得られたゲルは4℃で保存して、各種測定に供した。
【0055】
(4)ゲルの評価
実験例1と同様の3項目及び色調について評価した。なお、いずれも保存1日後にゲルを25℃まで戻して評価した。なお、離水については7日後にも測定した。結果を表4に併せて示す。
【0056】
1.食感について、ゲルのマトリックス(脱アシル型ジェランガムの食感に近いか、サイリウムシードガムの食感に近いか)を、官能評価により判断した。即ち、脆さが粘りよりも強く感じる場合は脱アシル型ジェランガム(表中の標記はジェラン)、粘りが脆さよりも強く感じる場合はサイリウムシードガム(表中の標記はサイリウム)とした。
2.食感について、食塊形成のしやすさを4段階(1: 悪い、2: やや悪い、3: やや良い、4: 良い、5: 非常に良い)で評価した。
3.色調について、カップ中のゲルを目視で観察し、4段階(1:あきらかに着色、2:やや着色、3:やや透明、4:透明)で評価した。
4.離水について、カップ表面に遊離した水分をペーパータオルでふき取り、重量の減少分から算出した。表中、「<1%」は、離水が1%より低いことを示す。
【0057】
【表4】(脱アシル型ジェランガムと精製サイリウムシードガムの併用系)
【表5】(脱アシル型ジェランガムと未精製サイリウムシードガムの併用系)
【0058】
脱アシル型ジェランガム及びサイリウムシードガムを併用すると、精製品、未精製品ともに、サイリウムシードガムの添加量の増加に従って、脱アシル型ジェランガムゲル特有の脆さが少なくなり、しなやかさが付与されて、食塊がまとまりやすくなった。ただし、脱アシル型ジェランガムに対するサイリウムシードガムの相対量が多くなると、サイリウムシードガム特有の粘りがでて、若干飲み込みにくくなる傾向となった。
【0059】
更に、ゲルのマトリックスが脱アシル型ジェランガムとサイリウムシードガムの中間領域のときに、特に食塊がまとまりやすく、非常に飲み込みやすい物性となった。
【0060】
また、サイリウムシードガムについて、精製品を添加したゲルと未精製品を添加したゲルを比較すると、同一添加濃度において、未精製品添加ゲルは精製品添加ゲルに比べて付着性が強く、若干、のど越しが悪くなる傾向にあった。
色調について、未精製サイリウムシードガムでは、添加量の増加に従ってゲルの透明度は低下したが、精製サイリウムシードガムでは外観上の変化は殆ど認められなかった。
【0061】
また、脱アシル型ジェランガム単独使用区(比較例aの嚥下・咀嚼補助組成物使用品)は保水性が悪く、咀嚼時にゲルの内部から水分が浸出してくるという現象が認められた。精製品、未精製品いずれのサイリウムシードガムの添加によっても、目視観察では殆ど離水が認められない程度にまで保水性は向上し、咀嚼によるゲル内部からの水分浸出も殆どなかった。精製サイリウムシードガム添加区(表4記載)では、保存による離水の増加は殆ど認められなかったが、未精製サイリウムシードガム添加区(表5参照)では、添加濃度0.5%において、保存により離水が増加する傾向が認められた。
【0062】
本結果から、脱アシル型ジェランガム及びサイリウムシードガムを併用したゲルのうち、特に、表4に示す、脱アシル型ジェランガムと精製サイリウムシードガムとを1:9の割合で混合し、最終食品中に脱アシル型ジェランガム濃度として0.05−0.1%程度添加したゲルが、ゲルマトリックスが「中間」を示し、食塊形成能(飲み込み特性)、外観、及び保水性(経時変化が少ないことも含めて)に優れることが明らかとなった。
【0063】
更に、未精製のサイリウムシードガムを使用した表5の例であっても、脱アシル型ジェランガムと精製サイリウムシードガムとを約1:6の割合で混合し、最終食品中に脱アシル型ジェランガム濃度として0.2%程度添加したゲルについて、外観は茶褐色に着色するが、ゲルマトリックスが「中間」を示し、食塊形成能(飲み込み特性)及び保水性(経時変化が少ないことも含めて)に特に優れることが判った。
【0064】
実験例3(寒天と精製サイリウムシードガムの併用)
(1)咀嚼・嚥下補助組成物の調製
寒天として「ゲルアップ[商標]J−1630」(三栄源エフ・エフ・アイ株式会社製)を、精製サイリウムシードガムとして「ビストップ[商標]D−2074」(三栄源エフ・エフ・アイ株式会社製)を使用し、表6に示す配合処方に従って本発明の咀嚼・嚥下補助組成物(実施例i−m)を調製した。比較として、「ゲルアップJ−1630」のみを使用した組成物(比較例b)を調製した。
【0065】
【表6】
【0066】
(2)ゲルの調製
表6に示す嚥下・咀嚼補助組成物を、表7に示す添加量使用して、ゲルを調製した。具体的には、90℃に加熱した脱イオン水に、表6の組成物を分散・溶解させ、更に90℃で10分間攪拌した。脱イオン水を用いて重量を補正した後、カップ(直径6.2cm、高さ5.4cm)充填し、8℃の恒温水槽中で約1時間冷却してゲルを調製した。得られたゲルは4℃で保存して、各種測定に供した。
【0067】
(3)ゲルの評価
実験例2と同様に以下の4項目について評価した。なお、いずれも保存1日後にゲルを25℃まで戻して評価した。結果を表7に併せて示す。
1.食感について、ゲルのマトリックス(脱アシル型ジェランガムの食感に近いか、サイリウムシードガムに近いか)を、官能評価により判断した。即ち、脆さが粘りよりも強く感じる場合は脱アシル型ジェランガム(表中の標記はジェラン)、粘りが脆さよりも強く感じる場合はサイリウムシードガム(表中の標記はサイリウム)とした。
【0068】
2.食感について、食塊形成のしやすさを4段階(1: 悪い、2: やや悪い、3: やや良い、4: 良い、5: 非常に良い)で評価した。
3.色調について、カップ中のゲルを目視で観察し、4段階(1:あきらかに着色、2:やや着色、3:やや透明、4:透明)で評価した。
4.離水について、カップ表面に遊離した水分をペーパータオルでふき取り、重量の減少分から算出した。
【0069】
【表7】(寒天と精製サイリウムシードガムの併用系)
【0070】
食感について、寒天単独使用区(比較例bの嚥下・咀嚼補助組成物使用品)は脆く、食塊のまとまりがないため飲み込みにくかった。精製サイリウムシードガムの添加量の増加に従って、寒天ゲル特有の脆さが少なくなり、しなやかさが付与されて、食塊がまとまりやすくなった。
【0071】
ただし、寒天に対する精製サイリウムシードガムの相対量が多くなると、特有の粘りがでて飲み込みにくくなる傾向となった。ただし、寒天濃度0.5%のときは、精製サイリウムシードガムの添加濃度を1%にまで上げても、特有の粘りは発現せず、寒天に起因する比較的脆い食感のゲルであった。ゲルのマトリックスが寒天とサイリウムシードガムの中間領域のときに、食塊がまとまりやすく、非常に飲み込みやすい物性となった。
【0072】
色調について精製サイリウムシードガムの添加により、外観上の変化は殆ど認められなかった。
【0073】
また、離水について精製サイリウムシードガムの添加により、目視観察では殆ど離水が認められない程度にまで保水性は向上し、咀嚼によるゲル内部からの水分浸出も殆どなかった。
【0074】
本結果から、特に、寒天と精製サイリウムシードガムとを1:(2.5〜3)の割合で混合し、最終食品中に寒天濃度として0.2〜0.3%程度添加することにより、特に食塊形成能(飲み込み特性)、外観、及び保水性に優れた食品を調製できることが明らかとなった。
【0075】
実施例2〜3:水分補給ゼリー(中性領域)
90℃に加熱した脱イオン水に、嚥下・咀嚼補助組成物と粉末緑茶エキスを添加し、90℃10分間攪拌溶解した。嚥下・咀嚼補助組成物に「ゲルアップJ−3857」を使用する系では、更に予め水に溶解した乳酸カルシウムを添加した。脱イオン水を用いて重量を補正した後、カップ(直径6.2cm、高さ5.4cm)に充填し、8℃の恒温水槽中で約1時間冷却した。これを121℃20分間レトルト加熱殺菌して水分補給ゼリーを調製した。
【0076】
【表8】
【0077】
嚥下・咀嚼補助組成物の説明
・ゲルアップJ−3856:寒天20%と精製サイリウムシードガム60%を含有する組成物
・ゲルアップJ−3857:脱アシル型ジェランガム8%、精製サイリウムシードガム70%、クエン酸三ナトリウム5%を含有する組成物
・pH測定の説明
ホモジナイザーを用い、試料を10倍量の脱イオン水に分散、温度25℃で測定
【0078】
実施例4:水分補給ゼリー(酸性領域)
脱イオン水に、グラニュー糖、嚥下・咀嚼補助組成物及びクエン酸三ナトリウムの混合物を添加し、80℃10分間攪拌した。これに、予め水に溶解した乳酸カルシウム、グレープ果汁、クエン酸(無水)及び香料を順に添加し、更に80℃5分間攪拌した。脱イオン水を用いて重量を補正した後、カップ(直径6.2cm、高さ5.4cm)充填し、8℃の恒温水槽中で約1時間冷却した。これを85℃30分間加熱殺菌して水分補給ゼリーを調製した。出来上がった水分補給ゼリーのpH(ホモジナイザーを用い、試料を10倍量の脱イオン水に分散、温度25℃で測定)は3.6であった。
【0079】
【0080】
・嚥下・咀嚼補助組成物の説明
ゲルアップJ−3843:脱アシル型ジェランガム4%、精製サイリウムシードガム85%、クエン酸三ナトリウム0.8%を含有する組成物
【0081】
実施例5:水分補給ゼリー(中性領域)
80℃に加熱した脱イオン水に、精製サイリウムシードガム、寒天、脱アシル型ジェランガム、粉末緑茶エキス及びクエン酸三ナトリウムの混合物を溶解、予め水に溶解した乳酸カルシウムを添加し、更に90℃10分間攪拌した。30℃以下まで冷却して、脱イオン水により重量を補正した後、L−アスコルビン酸ナトリウムを添加した。これをカップ(直径6.2cm, 高さ5.4cm)充填し、8℃の恒温水槽中で約1時間冷却した。最後に121℃ 20分間レトルト加熱殺菌して、水分補給ゼリーを調製した。
【0082】
出来上がった水分補給ゼリーのpH(ホモジナイザーを用い、試料を10倍量の脱イオン水に分散、温度25℃で測定)は5.9であった。
【0083】
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is aimed at imparting properties to foods and existing foods prepared so that those with reduced mastication or swallowing functions, such as those with masticatory or dysphagic disorders or the elderly, can safely and easily eat. Regarding the chewing / swallowing auxiliary composition to be added, in detail, chewing / swallowing disabled and elderly people can enjoy the original flavor and texture of food and swallow safely, and even if left at room temperature for a long time, it is suitable for chewing / swallowing The present invention relates to a chewing / swallowing auxiliary composition which is added for the purpose of imparting such properties to foods having excellent properties and existing foods.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As the number of elderly people increases, so-called masticatory and dysphagic persons who have an obstacle in a series of actions of chewing and swallowing food are increasing. In addition, diseases such as cerebrovascular disorders and tumors often cause mastication and dysphagia, and the increase is further accelerated. Since these masticatory and dysphagic persons are susceptible to suffocation and aspiration pneumonia, it is often necessary to change the nutritional intake method from oral to tube or vein. The technical advancement of tube or parenteral nutrition is remarkable and plays a large role in the nutritional management of masticatory and dysphagic patients. On the other hand, since it is accompanied by the mental pain of not being able to ingest food orally, from the viewpoint of improving the quality of life (QOL), it is important to devise a "meal that can be taken by mouth" as much as possible. Under such circumstances, development of foods for people with dysphagia that can be orally ingested, can enjoy pleasure of eating, and can improve the eating function has been actively performed.
[0003]
Foods suitable for people with mastication and dysphagia include 1) excellent bolus formation (easiness of cohesion of the food in the mouth) and 2) low adhesion to the throat. Various studies have been made on the development of gelling agents and thickening agents for imparting such properties to foods satisfying the conditions or existing foods. As a gelling agent and a thickening agent for improving the texture of an existing food as described above, for example, xanthan gum found in “Xanthan gum-containing fluid food” (Patent Document 1), “Easy swallowing auxiliary composition and its use” Combination of cod and / or locust bean gum and xanthan gum found in "food composition and pharmaceutical composition" (Patent Document 2), and low methoxyl pectin, sodium alginate and carrageenan found in "swallowing supplement" (Patent Document 3) One or two or more selected from the group consisting of: tapioca starch or potato starch found in "Liquid food thickening agent" (Patent Document 4); "Gel-like composition and method for producing the same" (Patent Document 5) Combination of agar and / or furcellulan with native gellan gum, kappa carrageenan and ki Ntangamu and / or native gellan gum in combination, and combination or the like of gellan gum and guar gum and / or locust bean gum are known.
[0004]
In order to improve the physical properties of food by using a gelling agent and a thickener to make it easy to chew and swallow, it is important to select the material and set the amount of use. Deacylated gellan gum and agar are typical gelling agents widely used in the field of food industry. However, these materials generally form a gel having a brittle texture, and the gel once crushed has a property that it is difficult to re-bond. In addition, when used at a low concentration to reduce brittleness, there is a problem that water separation increases. In other words, these gels are difficult to form a uniform bolus when chewed, and are not necessarily effective as a base material for foods for people with difficulty in chewing and swallowing.
[0005]
On the other hand, psyllium seed gum is known as a material for improving the water retention of foods, and can be used in combination with other jellifying agents for the purpose of preventing water separation of jelly-like foods and improving texture (Patent Document 6).
[0006]
However, when applied to foods, the high consistency of psyllium seed gum may be problematic. As a method for suppressing the consistency of the psyllium seed gum, there are polysaccharides for decreasing the viscosity of psyllium selected from chemically modified starch, gum arabic, arabinogalactan, guar gum decomposition product, pullulan, dietary fiber and a combination thereof (Patent Document 7). A psyllium viscosity-reduced granulated polysaccharide obtained by granulating a polysaccharide (Patent Document 8), a method of reducing the viscosity of a psyllium solution obtained by allowing a protease to act on a psyllium solution (Patent Document 9), etc. It is hardly used as a base material for foods for people with difficult mastication and swallowing because it still adheres strongly to the (pharyngeal phase)
[0007]
It is also known to use psyllium seed gum in combination with other gelling agents and thickeners, for example, “Easy-swallowing auxiliary composition, and food and pharmaceutical compositions using the same” (Patent Document 2) As described above, a method is described in which syllium seed gum is blended with a swallowing aid composition comprising a combination of cod gum and / or locust bean gum and xanthan gum for the purpose of imparting bolus formation. However, this auxiliary composition still has high viscosity and adhesion, and cannot always reproduce excellent swallowing characteristics. In addition, by adding psyllium seed gum, peculiar plant odor is imparted and transparency is lowered, and deterioration in palatability is inevitable.
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-318356
[Patent Document 2] JP-A-2000-191553
[Patent Document 3] JP-A-2000-325041
[Patent Document 4] JP-A-5-38262
[Patent Document 5] JP-A-2002-300854
[Patent Document 6] JP-A-60-137252
[Patent Document 7] Japanese Patent No. 2977823
[Patent Document 8] JP-A-2001-103934
[Patent Document 9] JP-A-2002-320460
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances. The present invention relates to a swallowing food suitable for a person with mastication / swallowing function deterioration such as a person with mastication / swallowing disorder or an elderly person. Excellent for food swallowing disability with excellent ease of cohesion in the mouth) 2) Low adhesion to the throat, functionally 1) tasteless and odorless 2) Transparent and 3) Excellent water retention The purpose is to provide food.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above problems, and as a result, by using deacylated gellan gum and / or agar in combination with psyllium seed gum in a fixed amount, a weak gel structure was constructed, It is possible to provide the food with optimal properties for chewing and swallowing, such that the fluidity of liquid food such as is moderately suppressed, the adhesion to the oral cavity and the pharyngeal phase is extremely small, and there is little change in physical properties over time. I found it. The hardness of the gel-like structure formed can be freely adjusted by the mixing ratio of the deacylated gellan gum and / or agar and the psyllium seed gum, and the amount of the composition comprising the deacylated gellan gum and / or the agar and the psyllium seed gum. In addition, physical properties suitable for chewing and swallowing can be prepared.
[0010]
The present inventors have further studied and found that the use of the purified psyllium seed gum increases the transparency and reduces the peculiar plant odor. That is, it has been found that by using the purified psyllium seed gum, physical properties suitable for chewing and swallowing can be imparted without impairing the appearance and taste of the food.
[0011]
The present invention relates to a food for people with difficulty in chewing and swallowing having the following aspects.
Item 1. A food for people with difficulty in chewing and swallowing, comprising deacylated gellan gum and / or agar, and psyllium seed gum.
Item 2. Item 1 wherein the amount added to the food for people with difficulty in chewing / swallowing is 0.02 to 1% by weight of deacylated gellan gum and / or agar, and 0.1 to 5% by weight of psyllium seed gum. Food.
Item 3. Item 3. The food for people with difficulty in chewing or swallowing according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the psyllium seed gum is a purified product having a transmittance of 70% or more (measured value at a wavelength of 720 nm, a concentration of 1%, and a temperature of 25 ° C).
[0012]
Further, the present invention relates to a chewing / swallowing auxiliary composition having the following aspects.
Item 4. A chewing / swallowing auxiliary composition comprising a combination of deacylated gellan gum and / or agar and psyllium seed gum.
Item 5. Item 5. The chewing / swallowing auxiliary composition according to Item 4, wherein the content of deacylated gellan gum and / or agar is 0.4 to 90% by weight, and the content of psyllium seed gum is 10 to 99.6% by weight.
Item 6. Item 6. The chewing / swallowing auxiliary composition according to Item 4 or 5, wherein the psyllium seed gum is a purified product having a transmittance of 70% or more (measured value at a wavelength of 720 nm, a concentration of 1%, and a temperature of 25 ° C).
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
(1) Foods for people with difficulty in chewing and swallowing
The food for people with difficulty in chewing or swallowing according to the present invention is characterized by using deacylated gellan gum and / or agar in combination with psyllium seed gum.
[0014]
The deacylated gellan gum used in the present invention is a fermented polysaccharide produced by a non-pathogenic microorganism Sphingomonas elodea isolated from the surface of aquatic plants, and includes β-D-glucose, β-D-glucuronic acid, β-D -A linear polysaccharide having a repeating structure of glucose and α-L-rhamnose as a monomer. Deacylated gellan gum is widely used in the food industry as a base material for dessert jellies, jelly drinks, puddings, jams and fillings, as a dispersant for dressings and pulp beverages in the form of microgels, or as a coating agent for confectionery. A commercially available product that may be used is Kelcogel manufactured by CPI Kelco.
[0015]
The agar used in the present invention is a red algae-derived polysaccharide having a repeating structure (agalobose) of β-D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-α-L-galactose as monomers. Agar is composed of two components, agarose and agaropectin, but agarose, which controls gelation, has few acidic groups. In the field of the food industry, it has been used for a long time mainly as a base material for dessert jelly, yokan, and tongue. It is possible to prepare agar having various properties depending on the type of raw material and the production method. For example, "high melting point agar", which has a higher melting point of the gel than conventional products, and "ultra agar, which has a low molecular weight and low stringiness" , "Quickly soluble agar" having a low dissolution temperature, and "highly viscous agar" having a high viscosity are commercially available, whereby agar is used in dressings, mayonnaise, beverages and the like. Examples of commercially available products include "GEL-UP J-1630", "GEL-UP J-3749", and "GEL-UP J-3762" manufactured by San-Ei Gen FFI Co., Ltd. Can be.
[0016]
The psyllium seed gum used in the present invention refers to a natural plant gum mainly taken from seeds such as Plantago ovata Forskal in Plantago species (Plantanginaceae), a kind of plantain. The psyllium seed gum uses a part of the outer skin that wraps the outside of the seed, and this seed coat is also called psyllium husk (Psylium Husk) or isagogol (Isapgol, Isabgol). The non-cellulose polysaccharide in the psyllium seed gum has a highly branched structure with xylan as the main chain, and the side chain is composed of arabinose, xylose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose.
[0017]
The characteristics of psyllium seed gum are: 1) it swells and thickens sufficiently even in cold water and exhibits high water absorption; 2) forms non-Newtonian viscosity at low concentrations and forms a highly elastic gel at high concentrations. 3) It is excellent in acid resistance, salt resistance and enzyme resistance, and its viscosity is stable for a long period of time. 4) It is low in degradability by intestinal bacteria and is effective as a dietary fiber. In the food industry, it is used as a water retention agent for noodles, fishery products, prepared foods, or as a dietary fiber source for health foods, and as a generally available product manufactured by Saneigen FFI Co., Ltd. BISTOP [trademark] D-2071 ".
[0018]
In the present invention, when deacylated gellan gum and psyllium seed gum are used in food for chewing and swallowing, the combination of the amounts thereof is 0.02 to 0.2% by weight of deacylated gellan gum and 0.1% of psyllium seed gum. 1 to 5% by weight (all in the final food), preferably 0.03 to 0.15% by weight of deacylated gellan gum, 0.3 to 3% of psyllium seed gum, and more preferably 0% of deacylated gellan gum. 0.04 to 0.1% by weight and psyllium seed gum 0.5 to 1% by weight.
[0019]
On the other hand, when agar and psyllium seed gum are used in foods for chewing / swallowers, the combination of the amounts is 0.1-1% by weight of agar and 0.1-5% by weight of psyllium seed gum. Agar agar 0.15 to 0.75% by weight, psyllium seed gum 0.3 to 3%, more preferably agar 0.2 to 0.5% by weight, psyllium seed gum 0.5 to 1% by weight.
[0020]
Further, deacylated gellan gum and agar can be used in combination with psyllium seed gum. In this case, examples of the amount of addition include 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of deacylated gellan gum, 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of agar, and 0.1 to 5% by weight of psyllium seed gum.
[0021]
By using deacylated gellan gum and / or agar and psyllium seed gum in combination, the brittleness of deacylated gellan gum and / or agar and the adhesion of psyllium seed gum are mutually reduced, and the bolus forming ability and water retention are excellent. A gelled food product can be prepared. These properties fully satisfy the texture and functional properties required for foods for people with difficulty in chewing and swallowing.
[0022]
In the present invention, it is preferable to use, as the psyllium seed gum, a purified product having little adverse effect on the appearance and palatability of foods, and it is preferable that the transmittance is 70% or more. Among such products, "Vistop (trademark) D-2074" manufactured by Saneigen FFI Co., Ltd. can be mentioned as a commercially available product.
[0023]
The transmittance in the present invention is determined by swelling psyllium seed gum in deionized water at 80 ° C. (concentration: 1%), cooling to 25 ° C., filling a quartz cell (optical path length: 1 cm), and measuring the wavelength at 720 nm. This is a value measured using deionized water as a reference. The closer the value is to 100%, the closer the permeability is to deionized water.
[0024]
The food for people with difficult mastication and swallowing of the present invention may contain at least the above-mentioned components, but any other components can be blended as long as the effects of the present invention are exhibited.
[0025]
In particular, when deacylated gellan gum is added, it is preferable to add a divalent cation. Since deacylated gellan gum has an acidic group (carboxyl group) in the molecule, its gel properties vary greatly depending on the addition of cations. In particular, when a divalent cation such as calcium is added, intermolecular crosslinking (association of double helix) is promoted, and the elastic modulus of the gel tends to increase. In the food for people with difficult mastication and swallowing of the present invention, it is possible to add a divalent cation for the purpose of strengthening the gel structure formed by the deacylated gellan gum, and a calcium salt, preferably calcium lactate or chloride. Calcium or the like is used. For example, when calcium lactate is used, 20 to 200% by weight of the deacylated gellan gum is a guide for the amount to be added, but if the salt concentration is excessive, the elastic modulus may decrease. When the chelating agent described below is used, the cation necessary for gelation may be captured by the chelating agent and lose the effect as a gelling factor.
[0026]
In addition, a chelating agent can be added for the purpose of enhancing the water solubility of the deacylated gellan gum, and trisodium citrate and sodium metaphosphate are suitably used. For example, when trisodium citrate is used, 10 to 100% by weight of the deacylated gellan gum is a standard for the amount to be added.
[0027]
In the food for people with chewing / swallowing difficulties of the present invention, the food ingredients are, of course, deacylated gellan gum or agar, and other food additives as long as the effects of psyllium seed gum are not impaired, for example, L-asparagine. Amino acids such as sodium citrate or salts thereof, nucleic acids or salts thereof such as 5′-disodium inosinate, organic acids or salts thereof such as monopotassium citrate, and seasonings represented by inorganic salts such as potassium chloride; Preservatives such as mustard extract, wasabi extract and kojic acid; preservatives such as silico protein extract, polylysine and sorbic acid; α, β-amylase, α, β-glucosidase, papain and the like Enzyme; pH adjuster such as citric acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid; sucrose fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester, organic acid monoglyceride, resin Emulsifiers such as quinone; perfume; colorants such as β-carotene and annatto pigment; carrageenan (κ, ι, λ), alginic acid and alginates, LM and HM pectin, guar gum, tara gum, locust bean gum, tamarind seed Gum, water-soluble soybean polysaccharide, mackerel seeds, konjac glucomannan, starch, modified and modified starch, starch hydrolyzate, xanthan gum, ramzan gum, welan gum, curdlan, pullulan, arabic gum, karaya gum, tragacanth gum, gutti gum, Thickeners and gelling agents such as microcrystalline cellulose, microfibrous cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose salts, methylcellulose, ethylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, chitin and chitosan; swelling agents; whey proteins and proteins such as soy protein ; Show , Sugars such as fructose, reduced starch saccharified product, erythritol, xylitol; sweeteners such as sucralose, thaumatin, acesulfame potassium, aspartame; vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K; minerals such as iron and calcium And the like can be added.
[0028]
Examples of foods to be targeted include hydration jelly, nutritional jelly and pudding, mixed processed food, seaweed vegetables, ragged food, mousse-like food, highly nutritive fluid food, and protein-regulated food. However, the present invention is not particularly limited to these.
[0029]
(2) Chewing / swallowing auxiliary composition
The chewing / swallowing composition of the present invention is characterized by using deacylated gellan gum and / or agar in combination with psyllium seed gum. The chewing / swallowing auxiliary composition of the present invention can be used as a raw material when producing a food for people with difficult mastication / swallowing, or can be added to any known food to make a food for people with difficult mastication / swallowing. .
[0030]
When a mixture of deacylated gellan gum and psyllium seed gum is used as a chewing / swallowing auxiliary composition, the combination of the amounts is 0.4 to 70% by weight of deacylated gellan gum and 30 to 99.6% by weight of psyllium seed gum. % (All in the composition), preferably 1 to 35% by weight of deacylated gellan gum, 65 to 99% by weight of psyllium seed gum, more preferably 3 to 20% by weight of deacylated gellan gum, psyllium seed gum 80 to 97% by weight. The amount of the composition added to food is 0.05 to 3% by weight, preferably 0.08 to 2% by weight, and more preferably 0.1 to 1.5% by weight.
[0031]
On the other hand, when a mixture of agar and psyllium seed gum is used as a chewing / swallowing auxiliary composition, the combination of the amounts is 2 to 90% by weight of agar and 10 to 98% by weight of psyllium seed gum (all in the composition). ), Preferably 5 to 70% by weight of agar, 30 to 95% by weight of psyllium seed gum, more preferably 15 to 50% by weight of agar, and 50 to 85% by weight of psyllium seed gum. The amount of the composition added to food is 0.3 to 3% by weight, preferably 0.4 to 2% by weight, and more preferably 0.5 to 1% by weight.
[0032]
Further, when deacylated gellan gum and agar are used in combination and used in combination with psyllium seed gum, the combination of the amounts is 0.2 to 35% by weight of deacylated gellan gum, 1 to 50% by weight of agar, and psyllium. Seed gum may be exemplified by 15 to 98.8% by weight.
[0033]
These chewing / swallowing auxiliary compositions can be added to any existing food, but in order to exhibit their gelling properties, the heat history of dispersing and dissolving the composition in a solvent and cooling it down It is desirable to go through. By performing such treatment, the brittleness of deacylated gellan gum and / or agar, and the adhesion of psyllium seed gum are mutually reduced, and it is possible to prepare a gel food excellent in bolus forming ability and water retention. it can.
[0034]
In the present invention, as the psyllium seed gum, it is particularly preferable to use a purified product having little adverse effect on the appearance and taste of food, and its transmittance (measured at a wavelength of 720 nm, a concentration of 1% and a temperature of 25 ° C.). Is desirably 70% or more. Among such products, "Vistop D-2074" manufactured by Saneigen FFI Co., Ltd. can be mentioned as a commercially available product.
[0035]
The chewing / swallowing auxiliary composition of the present invention may be any as long as it contains at least the above components, but any other components can be blended as long as the effects of the present invention are exhibited. And trisodium citrate.
[0036]
The chewing / swallowing composition of the present invention may contain other food additives, for example, amino acids such as sodium L-aspartate or salts thereof, and nucleic acids such as disodium 5′-inosinate, as long as the effects are not impaired. Or a salt thereof, an organic acid such as monopotassium citrate or a salt thereof, and a seasoning represented by an inorganic salt such as potassium chloride; a mustard extract, a wasabi extract, and a shelf life improver such as kojic acid; Preservatives such as protein extract, polylysine, and sorbic acid; enzymes such as α, β-amylase, α, β-glucosidase, papain; pH adjusters such as citric acid, fumaric acid, and succinic acid; sucrose fatty acid esters Emulsifiers such as glycerin fatty acid ester, organic acid monoglyceride, lecithin, etc .; fragrance; coloring agents such as β-carotene, annatto pigment; carrageenan (κ, ι, λ), a Luginic acid and alginate, LM and HM pectin, guar gum, cod gum, locust bean gum, tamarind seed gum, water-soluble soy polysaccharides, mugwort mugwort seed gum, konjac glucomannan, starch, modified and processed starch, starch hydrolyzate, Thickening agents such as xanthan gum, ramzan gum, welan gum, curdlan, pullulan, gum arabic, karaya gum, tragacanth gum, guttie gum, microcrystalline cellulose, microfibrous cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose salts, methylcellulose, ethylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, chitin and chitosan Swelling agents; swelling agents; proteins such as whey protein and soy protein; sugars such as sucrose, fructose, saccharified reduced starch, erythritol, xylitol; sucralose, somachi , Potassium acesulfame, sweeteners such as aspartame; can be added iron, minerals such as calcium and the like; vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamins such as vitamin K.
[0037]
Foods targeted by the chewing / swallowing auxiliary composition of the present invention include, for example, ice cream, ice milk, lacto ice, sherbet, frozen desserts such as ice desserts; milk, milk drinks, lactic acid bacteria drinks, soft drinks containing fruit juice, carbonated drinks, juice Drinks, juice drinks, tea drinks, ion drinks, sports drinks, functional drinks, vitamin supplement drinks, nutritional supplement balance drinks, powdered drinks and other drinks; purines such as custard pudding, milk pudding and fruit juice pudding, jelly , Bavarois, yogurt, etc .; gums such as chewing gum and balloon gum (plate gum, sugar-coated granule gum); coated chocolate such as marble chocolate, and flavors such as strawberry chocolate, blueberry chocolate and melon chocolate. Chocolate such as chocolate; soft candy ( (Including caramel, nougat, gummy candy, marshmallow, etc.), caramels such as toffee; confectionery such as soft biscuits and soft cookies; dressings such as separate dressing and non-oil dressing; sauces such as ketchup, sauce and sauce; strawberry jam Jams such as berry, blueberry jam, marmalade, apple jam, apricot jam and preserve; fruit wine such as red wine; fruits for processing cherries such as cherry, apricot, apple, strawberry pickled in syrup; processed meat products such as ham, sausage, grilled pork Fish ham, fish sausage, fish meat surimi, kamaboko, bamboo ring, hampan, satsumaage, date roll, whale bacon and other fishery products; udon, cold wheat, somen, buckwheat, chinese buckwheat, spaghetti, macaroni, beef, harusame, wonton, etc. Noodles Various soups such as consommé soup, potage soup, cream soup, Chinese soup, soups such as miso soup, clear soup, stew, curry, gratin, etc .; And processed foods further processed. In addition to such general foods, protein / phosphorous / potassium adjusted foods, salt adjusted foods, oil / fat adjusted foods, intestinal action foods, calcium / iron / vitamin-enriched foods, hypoallergic foods, concentrated liquid foods, mixer foods And special foods and therapeutic foods such as ragged foods.
[0038]
The method for producing the chewing / swallowing auxiliary composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains the above essential components. For example, 1) a method of mixing with a powder using a ribbon mixer or a V blender, 2) water 3) A method of separately preparing solutions and mixing them at the time of use 4) A method of dispersing the solution into a powder by spray drying or the like, 5) Powder It can be prepared by a method in which the mixture is mixed with a body, compressed by a press and compressed into tablets to form a tablet, and 6) a solution obtained by granulating the solution into a granule by a granulator and the like.
[0039]
The chewing / swallowing auxiliary composition of the present invention contains deacylated gellan gum and / or agar and psyllium seed gum as essential components, imparts an appropriate gel structure to food, and improves bolus forming ability. I do. In addition, since the adhesiveness and the change in physical properties with time are small, the composition has ideal properties as an elderly or a chewing / swallowing auxiliary composition. Furthermore, by using a purified product as the psyllium seed gum, the appearance and taste of the food are hardly impaired, so that it is excellent in taste.
[0040]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the content of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the following examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these. Unless otherwise specified, “parts” means “parts by weight”.
[0041]
Experimental Example 1 (Combined use of deacylated gellan gum and unpurified psyllium seed gum)
(1) Preparation of gel
According to the formulation shown in Table 1, a gel was prepared. Specifically, after deacylated gellan gum and psyllium seed gum were dispersed and dissolved in deionized water heated to 90 ° C., calcium lactate previously dissolved in water was added, and the mixture was further stirred at 90 ° C. for 10 minutes. . After the weight was corrected using deionized water, the cup was filled with a cup (diameter 6.2 cm, height 5.4 cm) and cooled in a constant temperature water bath at 8 ° C. for about 1 hour to prepare a gel. The obtained gel was stored at 4 ° C. and subjected to various measurements.
[0042]
(2) Evaluation of gel
The following three items were evaluated. In each case, the gel was returned to 25 ° C. one day after storage and evaluated. The water separation was measured after 7 days. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0043]
1. Regarding the texture, the gel matrix (whether the texture was close to that of deacylated gellan gum or the texture of psyllium seed gum) was determined by sensory evaluation. That is, when brittleness was felt stronger than stickiness, deacylated gellan gum (labeled in the table was gellan), and when stickiness was felt more brittle, psyllium seed gum (labeled in the table was psyllium).
2. Regarding the texture, the ease of forming a bolus was evaluated on a four-point scale (1: bad, 2: somewhat poor, 3: somewhat good, 4: good, 5: very good).
3. Regarding water separation, water released on the surface of the cup was wiped off with a paper towel and calculated from the weight loss. In the table, "<1%" indicates that the water separation was lower than 1%.
[0044]
[Table 1]
[0045]
As shown in Table 1, the sections using only deacylated gellan gum (Comparative Examples 1 to 3) were fragile and hard to swallow because there was no bolus. When psyllium seed gum was used in combination, the brittleness peculiar to the deacylated gellan gum gel was reduced, suppleness was imparted, and the bolus was easily united. In addition, the matrix of the gel of Example 1 was intermediate between deacylated gellan gum and psyllium seed gum. It became easy to swallow.
[0046]
In the sections using only deacylated gellan gum (Comparative Examples 1 to 3), water separation occurred on the gel surface, and the lower the gellan gum addition amount, the more water separation. Further, in all of these samples, the water separation increased by storage. The combined use of the psyllium seed gum reduced the water separation to such an extent that it could hardly be observed visually, and no change over time was observed.
[0047]
Thus, it was found that the gel obtained by using the deacylated gellan gum and the psyllium seed gum together had a desired texture and was excellent as a food for people with difficulties in chewing and swallowing.
[0048]
Experimental Example 2 (combined use of deacylated gellan gum and purified psyllium seed gum, effect comparison with unpurified psyllium seed gum)
(1) Preparation of chewing / swallowing auxiliary composition
"Kelcogel" (CPE Kelco) as a deacylated gellan gum, "Bistop (trademark) D-2074" (manufactured by Saneigen FFI Co., Ltd.) as a purified psyllium seed gum, and " A chewing / swallowing auxiliary composition was prepared according to the prescription shown in Table 2 below using VISSTOP [trademark] D-2701 (manufactured by Saneigen FFI Co., Ltd.).
[0049]
In addition, the purified psyllium seed gum is obtained by dissolving unpurified psyllium seed gum in water and then precipitating using an alcohol such as isopropyl alcohol, washing and drying, and having the transmittance shown in (2). And an unpurified psyllium seed gum refers to an unpurified product that is not purified as described above.
[0050]
[Table 2]
[0051]
(2) Measurement of transmittance
The psyllium seed gum was dissolved in deionized water at 80 ° C (concentration 1%) and cooled to 25 ° C. This was filled in a quartz cell (optical path length 1 cm), and the transmittance was measured at a wavelength of 720 nm using deionized water as a reference. Table 3 shows the results.
[0052]
[Table 3]
[0053]
The unpurified psyllium seed gum was colored brown, whereas the purified psyllium seed gum was slightly turbid, but became a highly transparent solution.
[0054]
(3) Preparation of gel
Gels were prepared using the swallowing / chewing aid compositions shown in Table 2 in the amounts shown in Table 4. Specifically, after dispersing and dissolving the composition shown in Table 2 in deionized water heated to 90 ° C., calcium lactate previously dissolved in water was added so as to have a concentration of 0.1%. Stirred at C for 10 minutes. After the weight was corrected using deionized water, the cup was filled with a cup (diameter 6.2 cm, height 5.4 cm) and cooled in a constant temperature water bath at 8 ° C. for about 1 hour to prepare a gel. The obtained gel was stored at 4 ° C. and subjected to various measurements.
[0055]
(4) Evaluation of gel
The same three items and color tone as those in Experimental Example 1 were evaluated. In each case, the gel was returned to 25 ° C. one day after storage and evaluated. The water separation was measured after 7 days. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0056]
1. Regarding the texture, the gel matrix (whether the texture was close to that of deacylated gellan gum or the texture of psyllium seed gum) was determined by sensory evaluation. That is, when brittleness was felt stronger than stickiness, deacylated gellan gum (labeled in the table was gellan), and when stickiness was felt more brittle, psyllium seed gum (labeled in the table was psyllium).
2. Regarding the texture, the ease of forming a bolus was evaluated on a four-point scale (1: bad, 2: somewhat poor, 3: somewhat good, 4: good, 5: very good).
3. Regarding the color tone, the gel in the cup was visually observed and evaluated in four steps (1: clearly colored, 2: slightly colored, 3: slightly transparent, 4: transparent).
4. Regarding water separation, water released on the surface of the cup was wiped off with a paper towel and calculated from the weight loss. In the table, "<1%" indicates that the water separation was lower than 1%.
[0057]
[Table 4] (Combined use of deacylated gellan gum and purified psyllium seed gum)
Table 5 (Combined use of deacylated gellan gum and unpurified psyllium seed gum)
[0058]
When deacylated gellan gum and psyllium seed gum are used in combination, both the purified product and the unrefined product decrease the brittleness specific to deacylated gellan gum gel and increase the flexibility according to the increase in the amount of psyllium seed gum added. The bolus became easier to unite. However, when the relative amount of the psyllium seed gum relative to the deacyl gellan gum increased, the stickiness peculiar to the psyllium seed gum appeared, and it became slightly difficult to swallow.
[0059]
Further, when the matrix of the gel was in the intermediate region between the deacylated gellan gum and the psyllium seed gum, the bolus was particularly easy to cohere and the physical properties became very easy to swallow.
[0060]
In addition, comparing the gel with the purified product and the gel with the unpurified product of the psyllium seed gum, at the same addition concentration, the unpurified product-added gel has a stronger adhesion than the purified product-added gel, Throat tended to be worse.
Regarding the color tone, in the case of the unpurified psyllium seed gum, the gel transparency decreased as the amount added increased, but almost no change in appearance was observed in the purified psyllium seed gum.
[0061]
In addition, the deacylated gellan gum alone (composition using the swallowing / chewing aid composition of Comparative Example a) had poor water retention, and a phenomenon was observed in which water leached from the inside of the gel during chewing. The addition of the psyllium seed gum, both purified and unrefined products, improved the water retention to such an extent that almost no water separation was observed by visual observation, and there was almost no leaching of water from inside the gel by mastication. In the section where purified psyllium seed gum was added (described in Table 4), almost no increase in water separation due to storage was observed. There was a tendency for water separation to increase.
[0062]
From the results, among the gels using both deacylated gellan gum and psyllium seed gum, in particular, as shown in Table 4, deacylated gellan gum and purified psyllium seed gum were mixed at a ratio of 1: 9, and the final food was mixed. A gel added with a deacylated gellan gum concentration of about 0.05-0.1% has a gel matrix showing "intermediate", bolus forming ability (swallowing properties), appearance, and water retention (there is little change over time) ).
[0063]
Furthermore, even in the example of Table 5 using unpurified psyllium seed gum, deacylated gellan gum and purified psyllium seed gum were mixed at a ratio of about 1: 6, and the concentration of deacylated gellan gum in the final food was determined. As for the gel added about 0.2%, the appearance is colored brown, but the gel matrix shows "intermediate", and the bolus forming ability (swallowing property) and water retention (including little change over time) It turned out to be particularly excellent.
[0064]
Experimental example 3 (combination of agar and purified psyllium seed gum)
(1) Preparation of chewing / swallowing auxiliary composition
"Gel-up [trademark] J-1630" (manufactured by San-Ei Gen FFI Co., Ltd.) as agar, and "Bistop [trademark] D-2074" (saneigen FFI Co., Ltd.) as a purified psyllium seed gum. And mastication / swallowing composition of the present invention (Example im) according to the formulation shown in Table 6. As a comparison, a composition (Comparative Example b) using only “Gel Up J-1630” was prepared.
[0065]
[Table 6]
[0066]
(2) Preparation of gel
Gels were prepared using the swallowing / chewing aid compositions shown in Table 6 in the amounts shown in Table 7. Specifically, the composition shown in Table 6 was dispersed and dissolved in deionized water heated to 90 ° C., and further stirred at 90 ° C. for 10 minutes. After the weight was corrected using deionized water, the cup was filled with a cup (diameter 6.2 cm, height 5.4 cm) and cooled in a constant temperature water bath at 8 ° C. for about 1 hour to prepare a gel. The obtained gel was stored at 4 ° C. and subjected to various measurements.
[0067]
(3) Evaluation of gel
As in Experimental Example 2, the following four items were evaluated. In each case, the gel was returned to 25 ° C. one day after storage and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 7.
1. With respect to the texture, the gel matrix (whether the texture was similar to the texture of deacylated gellan gum or the psyllium seed gum) was determined by sensory evaluation. That is, when brittleness was felt stronger than stickiness, deacylated gellan gum (labeled in the table was gellan), and when stickiness was felt more brittle, psyllium seed gum (labeled in the table was psyllium).
[0068]
2. Regarding the texture, the ease of forming a bolus was evaluated on a four-point scale (1: bad, 2: somewhat poor, 3: somewhat good, 4: good, 5: very good).
3. Regarding the color tone, the gel in the cup was visually observed and evaluated in four steps (1: clearly colored, 2: slightly colored, 3: slightly transparent, 4: transparent).
4. Regarding water separation, water released on the surface of the cup was wiped off with a paper towel and calculated from the weight loss.
[0069]
[Table 7] (A combination of agar and purified psyllium seed gum)
[0070]
Regarding the texture, the agar alone-use area (the product using the swallowing / chewing aid composition of Comparative Example b) was brittle and had no cohesive bolus, making it difficult to swallow. As the amount of the purified psyllium seed gum increased, the brittleness unique to the agar gel was reduced, the suppleness was imparted, and the bolus was easily bundled.
[0071]
However, when the relative amount of the purified psyllium seed gum with respect to the agar was increased, there was a tendency that peculiar stickiness appeared and it became difficult to swallow. However, when the concentration of agar was 0.5%, even if the concentration of the purified psyllium seed gum was increased to 1%, no specific viscosity was exhibited, and the gel was relatively brittle due to agar. . When the gel matrix was in the middle area between the agar and the psyllium seed gum, the bolus was easily cohesive and became very easy to swallow.
[0072]
Almost no change in appearance was observed with the addition of purified psyllium seed gum.
[0073]
In addition, the water retention was improved by the addition of the purified psyllium seed gum to such an extent that water separation was hardly recognized by visual observation, and there was almost no leaching of water from the inside of the gel by mastication.
[0074]
From the results, in particular, by mixing agar and purified psyllium seed gum at a ratio of 1: (2.5 to 3) and adding about 0.2 to 0.3% as an agar concentration to the final food, In particular, it became clear that foods excellent in bolus forming ability (swallowing properties), appearance, and water retention can be prepared.
[0075]
Examples 2-3: hydration jelly (neutral region)
The swallowing / chewing assistant composition and the powdered green tea extract were added to deionized water heated to 90 ° C., and the mixture was stirred and dissolved at 90 ° C. for 10 minutes. In a system using "Gel Up J-3857" as a swallowing / chewing assistant composition, calcium lactate previously dissolved in water was further added. After the weight was corrected using deionized water, the cup was filled into a cup (diameter 6.2 cm, height 5.4 cm) and cooled in a constant temperature water bath at 8 ° C. for about 1 hour. This was heat-sterilized at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes to prepare a hydrated jelly.
[0076]
[Table 8]
[0077]
Description of swallowing / chewing aid composition
-Gel Up J-3856: A composition containing 20% agar and 60% purified psyllium seed gum
-Gel-up J-3857: A composition containing 8% of deacylated gellan gum, 70% of purified psyllium seed gum, and 5% of trisodium citrate
・ Explanation of pH measurement
Using a homogenizer, disperse the sample in 10 volumes of deionized water and measure at a temperature of 25 ° C.
[0078]
Example 4: Hydration jelly (acid area)
To deionized water, a mixture of granulated sugar, a swallowing / chewing assistant composition and trisodium citrate was added and stirred at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes. To this, calcium lactate, grape juice, citric acid (anhydrous) and a flavor previously dissolved in water were sequentially added, and the mixture was further stirred at 80 ° C. for 5 minutes. After the weight was corrected using deionized water, the cup (diameter 6.2 cm, height 5.4 cm) was filled and cooled in a constant temperature water bath at 8 ° C. for about 1 hour. This was heat-sterilized at 85 ° C. for 30 minutes to prepare a hydrated jelly. The pH of the completed hydrated jelly (using a homogenizer, dispersing the sample in 10 times the volume of deionized water, measured at a temperature of 25 ° C.) was 3.6.
[0079]
[0080]
・ Description of swallowing / chewing aid composition
Gel Up J-3843: A composition containing 4% deacylated gellan gum, 85% purified psyllium seed gum, 0.8% trisodium citrate
[0081]
Example 5: Hydrating jelly (neutral region)
A mixture of purified psyllium seed gum, agar, deacylated gellan gum, powdered green tea extract and trisodium citrate was dissolved in deionized water heated to 80 ° C., and calcium lactate previously dissolved in water was added. Stirred for minutes. After cooling to 30 ° C. or lower and correcting the weight with deionized water, sodium L-ascorbate was added. This was filled in a cup (diameter 6.2 cm, height 5.4 cm) and cooled in a constant temperature water bath at 8 ° C. for about 1 hour. Finally, the mixture was pasteurized by heating at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes to prepare a hydrated jelly.
[0082]
The pH of the completed hydrated jelly (dispersed in a 10-fold amount of deionized water using a homogenizer and measured at a temperature of 25 ° C.) was 5.9.
[0083]
Claims (6)
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