JP2004273100A - 反強磁性的に結合したCoCrFe合金第1強磁性体薄膜を用いた磁気記録媒体 - Google Patents
反強磁性的に結合したCoCrFe合金第1強磁性体薄膜を用いた磁気記録媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000943 NiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000929 Ru alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910000684 Cobalt-chrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010952 cobalt-chrome Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- YTPMCWYIRHLEGM-BQYQJAHWSA-N 1-[(e)-2-propylsulfonylethenyl]sulfonylpropane Chemical compound CCCS(=O)(=O)\C=C\S(=O)(=O)CCC YTPMCWYIRHLEGM-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005290 antiferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017061 Fe Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017709 Ni Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003267 Ni-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003271 Ni-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003262 Ni‐Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUBSQCSIIDQXLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt platinum Chemical compound [Co].[Pt].[Pt].[Pt] GUBSQCSIIDQXLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007725 thermal activation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/62—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B5/64—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising only the magnetic material without bonding agent
- G11B5/66—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising only the magnetic material without bonding agent the record carriers consisting of several layers
- G11B5/676—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising only the magnetic material without bonding agent the record carriers consisting of several layers having magnetic layers separated by a nonmagnetic layer, e.g. antiferromagnetic layer, Cu layer or coupling layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/62—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B5/64—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising only the magnetic material without bonding agent
- G11B5/66—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising only the magnetic material without bonding agent the record carriers consisting of several layers
- G11B5/672—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising only the magnetic material without bonding agent the record carriers consisting of several layers having different compositions in a plurality of magnetic layers, e.g. layer compositions having differing elemental components or differing proportions of elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/62—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B5/73—Base layers, i.e. all non-magnetic layers lying under a lowermost magnetic recording layer, e.g. including any non-magnetic layer in between a first magnetic recording layer and either an underlying substrate or a soft magnetic underlayer
- G11B5/7368—Non-polymeric layer under the lowermost magnetic recording layer
- G11B5/7373—Non-magnetic single underlayer comprising chromium
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/62—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B5/73—Base layers, i.e. all non-magnetic layers lying under a lowermost magnetic recording layer, e.g. including any non-magnetic layer in between a first magnetic recording layer and either an underlying substrate or a soft magnetic underlayer
- G11B5/7368—Non-polymeric layer under the lowermost magnetic recording layer
- G11B5/7379—Seed layer, e.g. at least one non-magnetic layer is specifically adapted as a seed or seeding layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/62—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B5/73—Base layers, i.e. all non-magnetic layers lying under a lowermost magnetic recording layer, e.g. including any non-magnetic layer in between a first magnetic recording layer and either an underlying substrate or a soft magnetic underlayer
- G11B5/739—Magnetic recording media substrates
- G11B5/73911—Inorganic substrates
- G11B5/73921—Glass or ceramic substrates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/90—Magnetic feature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
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Abstract
【解決手段】データ記憶のための磁気記録媒体10‘には、非強磁性スペーサ薄膜26を通して反強磁性的に交換結合した少なくとも二つの強磁性薄膜22,24’を持つ磁気記録層20‘を用いる。反強磁性的に結合した(AFC)記録層20‘においては、二つの強磁性薄膜22,24’の磁化モーメント32,34はアンチパラレルに配向され、そしてAFC記録層20‘の実残留磁束密度−厚さの積(Mrt)は二つの強磁性薄膜のMrt値の差である。このMrt値の削減は記録媒体の安定性を下げることなく達成される。AFC記録層の下部の強磁性薄膜24’は強磁性CoCrFe合金であって、それとCr合金下地層13との間にニュークリエーション層を必要としない。AFC記録層における下部の強磁性薄膜としてCoCrFe合金を持つ媒体は、固有の媒体雑音が減少する。
【選択図】図2
Description
本発明の磁気記録ディスクは、1枚ないしはそれ以上の非強磁性スペーサ薄膜により隣接する強磁性薄膜に反強磁性的(AF)に結合する2枚ないしはそれ以上の強磁性薄膜で出来ている磁気記録層を持つ形式である。図1は、反強磁性的に結合した(AFC)磁気層20を有するディスク10の断面構成を示す。
《CoCrFe下部強磁性薄膜を有するAFCディスクの構造》
ガラスのサブストレートとCoPtCrBの単層磁気層を有する高性能な商業的に入手可能なディスクは、6層まで必要となる。これらの層は、ガラス・サブストレート上のプリシード層(図1には表示せず)と、シード層と、下地層と、非強磁性(または僅かに強磁性)のCoCrニュークリエーション層と、CoPtCrB磁気層と、保護膜である。サーキュラスM12のような一般的な製造用スパッタリング設備は、2台の加熱装置と1台の冷却装置を用いるとして、現状では実際のスパッタに利用可能なのは7台の装置である。AFC磁気層は、1個の磁気層を3個の層で置き換えるので、1枚のAFCディスクを作成するのに必要なスパッタリング・カソードの数は8個である。この数は、上記で説明した構成のサーキュラスM12上で現在利用可能な数よりも大きい。他の形式の製造用スパッタ設備もおそらく限られた数のスパッタリング・カソードしか持たないので、AFC媒体の実用が困難になる。
プリシード層:Cr50Ti50(20〜50nm)
シード層12:Ru50Al50(8〜20nm)
下地層13:Cr80Ti20(6〜20nm)
下地層13の直接上の下部AFC薄膜24’:
Co(100−x−y)CrxFey、但し2<x<25、2<y<30
スペーサ層26:RuあるいはCr(0.4〜1.0nm)
表面のAFC薄膜22:Co(100−x−y−z)PtyCrxBz、但し6<y<25、10<x<25、6<z<15
本実施例においては、特別なニュークリエーション層なしに底部AFC薄膜として機能するCoCrFe合金は、およそ2から30at.%のFe成分と、およそ2から25at.%のCr成分を持つ。Fe濃度は底部AFC薄膜に必要な厚さとMrtにより主として決定される。CrとFeのat.%により、所定の厚さについてのCoCrFe薄膜のMrtが決まる。Feの上限は、CoCrFe合金のHCP構造が失われる辺りの量であって、したがって上部CoPtCrB薄膜の面内C軸成長との兼ね合いで決定される。Cr上限は約25at.%であり、CoCrFe合金が非強磁性になる辺りの量である。CoCrFe薄膜の要求される厚さは最適の薄膜成長と記録性能により決まり、通常はおよそ0.5と3.5nmの間である。
20‘…磁気記録層(AFC記録層)、22…上部強磁性薄膜、24’…下部強磁性薄膜、
26…非強磁性スペーサ薄膜(AF結合薄膜)、32,34…磁化モーメント。
Claims (17)
- サブストレートと、
前記サブストレート上にありCrとCrの合金から成るグループから選択された非強磁性の下地層と、
前記下地層の上に直接かつ接触して形成されており、本質的にコバルト(Co)とクロム(Cr)と鉄(Fe)から成る合金である第1の強磁性薄膜と、
前記第1の強磁性薄膜上の非強磁性スペーサ薄膜と、
前記スペーサ薄膜上にあり、CoとBを含む合金であり、前記スペーサ薄膜を通して前記第1の強磁性薄膜と反強磁性的に交換結合している第2の強磁性薄膜と、を有することを特徴とする磁気記録ディスク。 - 前記下地層は、Crとチタン(Ti)のみの合金であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のディスク。
- さらに、前記サブストレートと前記下地層の間にシード層を有し、前記下地層が直接前記シード層上に接触して形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載のディスク。
- 前記シード層は、ルテニューム(Ru)とアルミニューム(Al)のみの合金であることを特徴とする請求項3記載のディスク。
- 前記シード層は、ニッケル(Ni)とアルミニューム(Al)のみの合金であることを特徴とする請求項3記載のディスク。
- 前記スペーサ薄膜は、本質的にルテニューム(Ru)から成ることを特徴とする請求項1記載のディスク。
- 前記第2の強磁性薄膜は、さらにCrとPtを含む合金であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のディスク。
- 前記サブストレートはガラスであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のディスク。
- さらに、前記第2の強磁性薄膜上に形成された保護膜を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載のディスク。
- 前記第1の強磁性薄膜はCoとCrとFeのみの合金であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のディスク。
- 前記第1の強磁性薄膜は、Co(100−x−y)CrxFey、但しxは2と25の間で、yは2と30の間である、の組成を持つことを特徴とする請求項1記載のディスク。
- 前記第1の強磁性薄膜は、およそ0.5と3.5nmの間の厚さを持つことを特徴とする請求項1記載のディスク。
- 前記第1の強磁性薄膜はt1の厚さとM1の磁化を持ち、前記第2の強磁性薄膜はt2の厚さとM2の磁化を持ち、前記第1と第2の強磁性薄膜の単位面積当たりの磁化モーメント(M1×t1)と(M2×t2)は、それぞれ互いに異なっていることを特徴とする請求項1記載のディスク。
- ガラスのサブストレートと、
前記サブストレート上にあり、CrとCrV合金とCrTi合金から成るグループから選択された下地層と、
およそ2と25原子パーセントの間であるCrとおよそ2と30原子パーセントの間であるFeとCoのみの合金であり前記下地層の上に直接かつ接触する第1の強磁性薄膜と、前記第1の強磁性薄膜上にありRuとCrとRhとIrとCuとこれらの合金から成るグループから選択された材料による非強磁性スペーサ薄膜と、前記スペーサ薄膜上にありCoとBを含む合金の第2の強磁性薄膜とを有し、前記スペーサ薄膜は前記第2の強磁性薄膜が当該スペーサ薄膜を通して前記第1の強磁性薄膜に反強磁性的に交換結合されるように誘導するために十分な厚さを持つ、前記下地層上にある磁気記録層と、
前記磁気記録層上に形成された保護膜と、を有することを特徴とする磁気記録ディスク。 - さらに、前記サブストレートと前記下地層の間にシード層を有し、前記下地層はCrとTiのみの合金であり前記シード層上に直接かつ接触して形成されていることを特徴とする請求項14記載のディスク。
- 前記シード層は、RuAl合金とNiAl合金から成るグループから選択されることを特徴とする請求項15記載のディスク。
- 前記スペーサ薄膜は、Ruであることを特徴とする請求項16記載のディスク。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/386,834 US6835476B2 (en) | 2003-03-11 | 2003-03-11 | Antiferromagnetically coupled magnetic recording media with CoCrFe alloy first ferromagnetic film |
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JP2004273100A true JP2004273100A (ja) | 2004-09-30 |
JP2004273100A5 JP2004273100A5 (ja) | 2007-02-15 |
JP4090437B2 JP4090437B2 (ja) | 2008-05-28 |
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JP2004030169A Expired - Fee Related JP4090437B2 (ja) | 2003-03-11 | 2004-02-06 | 反強磁性的に結合したCoCrFe合金第1強磁性体薄膜を用いた磁気記録媒体 |
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US (1) | US6835476B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4090437B2 (ja) |
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US20070122660A1 (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2007-05-31 | Seagate Technology Llc | Magnetic recording media with manganese-containing underlayer |
JP5422912B2 (ja) * | 2008-04-30 | 2014-02-19 | 富士通株式会社 | 磁気記録媒体及びその製造方法及び磁気記録再生装置 |
US20100208386A1 (en) * | 2009-02-17 | 2010-08-19 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Perpendicular magnetic recording medium with anti-ferromagnetically coupled magnetic layers and magnetic storage apparatus |
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US5465185A (en) * | 1993-10-15 | 1995-11-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Magnetoresistive spin valve sensor with improved pinned ferromagnetic layer and magnetic recording system using the sensor |
US6372330B1 (en) * | 1999-10-08 | 2002-04-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Laminated magnetic recording media with antiferromagnetically coupled layers as the individual magnetic layers in the laminate |
US6280813B1 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 2001-08-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | Magnetic recording media with antiferromagnetically coupled ferromagnetic films as the recording layer |
US6383668B1 (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2002-05-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Magnetic recording media with antiferromagnetically coupled host layer for the magnetic recording layer |
US6537684B1 (en) * | 2000-08-04 | 2003-03-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | Antiferromagnetically coupled magnetic recording media with boron-free first ferromagnetic film as nucleation layer |
US6761982B2 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2004-07-13 | Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha | Magnetic recording medium, production process and apparatus thereof, and magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus |
DE10297472T5 (de) * | 2001-11-30 | 2004-11-18 | Seagate Technology Llc, Scotts Valley | Antiparallel ferromagnetisch gekoppelte Vertikalmagnetaufzeichnungsmedien |
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2003
- 2003-03-11 US US10/386,834 patent/US6835476B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2004
- 2004-02-06 JP JP2004030169A patent/JP4090437B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-02-19 CN CNB2004100054900A patent/CN100336109C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-10 SG SG200402987A patent/SG115703A1/en unknown
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JP4090437B2 (ja) | 2008-05-28 |
US20040180173A1 (en) | 2004-09-16 |
SG115703A1 (en) | 2005-10-28 |
CN100336109C (zh) | 2007-09-05 |
CN1542746A (zh) | 2004-11-03 |
US6835476B2 (en) | 2004-12-28 |
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