JP2004271601A - Projection display device and spatial light modulator used therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a projection display device with no lowering of display quality such as a sense of graininess on a picture or the like with a relatively simple structure. <P>SOLUTION: The projection display device has a light source 11, a spatial light modulator to modulate light emitted from the light source 11 and a projection lens system 24 to project light modulated with the spatial light modulator. Besides, transmissive light valves (liquid crystal light valves 20R, 20G, 20B) comprising a plurality of pixels one-dimensionally aligned are used as the spatial light modulator. The projection display device is equipped with a scanning means (a movable mirror 23) to scan light modulated with the spatial light modulator in a direction intersecting an aligning direction of the pixels. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a projection display device and a spatial light modulator used for the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A liquid crystal light valve is known as a light modulation unit in a projection type display device such as a liquid crystal projector. The liquid crystal light valve is mainly composed of a pair of substrates which are opposed to each other with a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween and have electrodes for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer. Conventionally, an active matrix type liquid crystal cell has been used for a liquid crystal light valve. That is, in the liquid crystal light valve, pixels are arranged in a matrix, and a thin film transistor (hereinafter abbreviated as TFT), which is a switching element for driving pixels, is arranged for each pixel. Therefore, a scanning line for controlling the operation of the TFT and a data line for supplying an image signal are required, and a space for arranging the scanning line, the data line, and the TFT between adjacent pixels is required. When liquid crystal is used for light modulation, disclination (disorder of liquid crystal alignment) occurs in a pixel, particularly at the periphery of the pixel due to the influence of the potential of an adjacent pixel, and the display quality is significantly reduced. In that sense, a space for providing a light-shielding portion between the pixels was required.
[0003]
In the field of projection display devices, in recent years, higher resolution has been promoted, and the pixel size tends to be smaller, but the space between pixels as described above is required, so that it is difficult to secure the aperture ratio. ing. In manufacturing a liquid crystal light valve, a method called “multiple-piece” in which a plurality of liquid crystal cells are simultaneously formed on a mother substrate is often used. When this method is used, there is a demand that the area of one liquid crystal cell be reduced as much as possible in order to increase the number of pieces per mother substrate. This reduction in cell area is also a critical direction for securing the aperture ratio. When the aperture ratio decreases, gaps between pixels become conspicuous in the enlarged and projected image, and the image quality is deteriorated, for example, a grainy feeling is felt in the image.
[0004]
An image display device capable of suppressing such a decrease in display quality is disclosed in Patent Document 1 below. The image display device includes a light source, a light emitted from the light source, one-dimensionally incident on each wavelength, and a spatial light modulator that spatially modulates the incident light by each spatial modulation element for each wavelength range. A multiplexing mechanism for multiplexing the modulated lights, and a projection mechanism for scanning and projecting the multiplexed light in a predetermined direction. The spatial light modulator used here is constituted by a grating light valve (GLV: Grating Light Bulb) having a plurality of ribbon rows in which a plurality of minute ribbons are arranged one-dimensionally on a substrate.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-2002-162573
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the image display device described in Patent Literature 1, the spatial light modulator is configured by a reflective element and is an element utilizing light diffraction. Requires the use of a single wavelength laser as the light source. Therefore, there is a problem that the configuration of the entire apparatus becomes large and expensive.
[0007]
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and has as its object to provide a projection display device having a relatively simple configuration and having no deterioration in display quality such as a feeling of graininess in an image. Aim.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a projection display device of the present invention includes a light source, a spatial light modulator that modulates light emitted from the light source, and light modulated by the spatial light modulator. A projection type display device having a projection unit for projecting, wherein a transmission type light valve in which a plurality of pixels are arranged one-dimensionally is used as the spatial type light modulator, and the spatial type light modulator modulates the light. A scanning unit that scans the emitted light in a direction that intersects the arrangement direction of the pixels.
[0009]
The greatest feature of the projection display device of the present invention is that a transmission light valve in which a plurality of pixels are arranged one-dimensionally is used as a spatial light modulator. As the transmission type light valve, for example, a liquid crystal light valve can be used. However, a conventional general light valve represented by a liquid crystal light valve has a plurality of pixels arranged two-dimensionally (in a matrix), whereas the light valve of the present invention has a plurality of pixels arranged one-dimensionally. The difference is that they are arranged only in one direction, that is, in one direction. Therefore, the image obtained from the light modulated by the spatial light modulator is also one-dimensional, but the scanning means scans the modulated light in a direction intersecting the pixel arrangement direction. Thus, a normal planar image can be obtained. That is, a two-dimensional image is generated by scanning a one-dimensional image while performing time-division display. As a result, a smooth image without graininess can be obtained. In the case of the present invention, since the transmission type light valve is used, unlike the conventional reflection type light valve utilizing the diffraction of light, the light source light does not need to have a single wavelength, and a scanning unit is required. The device configuration is not so complicated.
[0010]
In addition, the transmission type light valve is provided with a transmission region for transmitting incident light and a non-transmission region for not transmitting the incident light for each pixel, and the transmission region and the non-transmission region are arranged in an array of the pixels. It is desirable to be provided continuously along the direction.
That is, it is desirable that a transmission region that transmits incident light and directly contributes to actual display and a non-transmission region that is not directly used for display be separated and provided for each pixel. When the transmissive area and the non-transmissive area are continuously provided along the pixel arrangement direction, for example, wirings and elements can be collectively arranged in the non-transmissive area, and wiring and elements are arranged between the pixels in the transmissive area. It is not necessary to arrange an element. As a result, the gap between the pixels can be minimized, and a smoother image without any seams between the pixels can be obtained.
[0011]
More specifically, the transmission type light valve is provided corresponding to the data line and the scanning line, the switching element provided corresponding to the intersection of the data line and the scanning line, and the switching element. When a pixel electrode is provided, it is preferable that the data line, the scanning line, and the switching element are arranged in the non-transmissive region and are covered with a light shielding layer.
When light enters a wiring such as a data line or a scanning line, or particularly, a switching element such as a TFT, a light leak current occurs, which may cause a malfunction or a display failure. Therefore, in the above configuration, since the data lines, the scanning lines, and the switching elements are arranged in the non-transmissive area and are covered with the light shielding layer, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of the light leakage current, and to cause the malfunction such as the malfunction or the display failure. Can be eliminated. Note that the light shielding layer needs to be provided at least on the light incident side with respect to the data line, the scanning line, and the switching element. Further, in consideration of the adverse effect of the reflected light, it is preferable to provide the light-emitting element on the side opposite to the light incident side.
[0012]
Further, a driving circuit for driving the switching element may be formed on the transmissive light valve, and the driving circuit may be arranged in the non-transmissive region.
According to this configuration, a light valve with a built-in drive circuit can be realized, and an external drive circuit can be eliminated.
[0013]
Alternatively, a driving circuit for driving the switching element may be externally connected to the transmission type light valve.
According to this configuration, contrary to the above configuration, a drive circuit in the light valve is not required, so that the configuration of the light valve is simplified and the area of the non-transmissive region can be reduced.
[0014]
Further, signal lines may be provided corresponding to the respective pixels, and an image signal may be supplied to the plurality of signal lines.
According to this configuration, since the image signals corresponding to the plurality of pixels can be written line-sequentially, the time for writing the image signals to each pixel becomes longer. Therefore, even if the capability of the switching element for driving the pixel is low, it is possible to cope with it.
[0015]
Further, a color separation unit that separates the light from the light source into a plurality of color lights of different colors, and a color synthesis unit that synthesizes each color light modulated by the spatial light modulator, the scanning unit includes: A configuration in which the light combined by the color combining means is scanned may be adopted. According to this configuration, it is possible to provide a color display with no graininess and excellent display quality. Further, since the configuration is such that the light after the color synthesis is scanned, only one scanning unit is required, and the apparatus configuration can be simplified.
[0016]
The spatial light modulator according to the present invention is characterized by comprising a transmissive light valve in which a plurality of pixels are arranged one-dimensionally.
By using the spatial light modulator of the present invention, a projection display device having the above advantages can be realized at relatively low cost.
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[First Embodiment]
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
In this embodiment, an example in which a transmission type liquid crystal light valve is used as a spatial light modulation device of a projection display device will be described.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a projection display device according to the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a liquid crystal light valve used in the projection display device, and FIG. 3 is a pattern configuration of pixels of the liquid crystal light valve. FIG. In each of the drawings, the scale of each layer and each member is different so that each layer and each member have a size that can be recognized in the drawings.
[0018]
(Overall configuration of projection display device)
The projection type display device of the present embodiment is a so-called three-plate type projection type using three liquid crystal light valves (spatial light modulators) corresponding to R (red), G (green), and B (blue). It is a liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal projector). In the figure, reference numeral 11 denotes a light source, 12 and 13 are dichroic mirrors (color separation means), 14, 15, and 16 are reflection mirrors, 17, 18, and 19 are relay lenses, 20R, 20G, and 20B are liquid crystal light valves, and 22 is A cross dichroic prism (color combining means), 23 is a movable mirror (scanning means), and 24 is a projection lens system.
[0019]
The light source 11 includes a lamp 25 such as a metal halide and a reflector 26 that reflects light from the lamp 25. The dichroic mirror 12 that reflects blue light and green light transmits red light LR of white light emitted from the light source 11 and reflects blue light and green light. The transmitted red light LR is reflected by the reflection mirror 14 and is incident on the red light liquid crystal light valve 20R.
[0020]
On the other hand, among the color lights reflected by the dichroic mirror 12, the green light LG is reflected by the dichroic mirror 13 that reflects green light, and enters the green liquid crystal light valve 20G. On the other hand, the blue light LB also passes through the dichroic mirror 13 that reflects green light. For the blue light LB, in order to compensate for the difference in the optical path length from the red light LR and the green light LG, the relay lens system including the entrance lens 17, the relay lens 18, and the exit lens 119 and the reflection mirrors 15, 16 are used. Is provided, and the blue light LB is incident on the blue light liquid crystal light valve 20B via the light guiding means 28.
[0021]
The three color lights modulated by the light valves 20R, 20G, and 20B enter the cross dichroic prism 22. The dichroic prism 22 has four right angle prisms bonded together, and a dielectric multilayer film that reflects red light and a dielectric multilayer film that reflects blue light are formed in a cross shape on the inner surface. The three color lights are combined by these dielectric multilayer films to form light representing a color image.
[0022]
In the case of the present embodiment, as will be described later, each of the liquid crystal light valves 20R, 20G, and 20B is a one-dimensional array of a plurality of pixels, and the arrangement direction of the pixels is a direction that passes through the plane of FIG. It is. Therefore, the light combined by the cross dichroic prism 22 also represents a one-dimensional image. Then, at the same time as the combined light is reflected by the movable mirror 23 (scanning means), the combined light is scanned in a direction orthogonal to the pixel arrangement direction, that is, in a direction parallel to the paper of FIG. The movable mirror 23 used here has a rotating shaft 30 extending in a direction penetrating the paper surface in FIG. 1, and is configured to be able to rotate (swing motion) around the rotating shaft 30 within a predetermined angle range. Have been. Here, the driving of the liquid crystal light valves 20R, 20G, and 20B and the operation of the movable mirror 23 need to be performed in conjunction with each other. For this purpose, a control unit (not shown) is provided in the apparatus. That is, when the writing of one line of image signal is completed by the liquid crystal light valves 20R, 20G, and 20B, and the image of one line is projected, the image signal of the next one line is written by the liquid crystal light valves 20R, 20G, and 20B. At the same time, the movable mirror 23 rotates by a predetermined angle so as to project an image at the position of one adjacent line. As described above, while the light is scanned by the movable mirror 23, the light is enlarged and projected on the screen 32 by the projection lens system 24, which is a projection optical system, so that a normal two-dimensional image is displayed.
[0023]
(Configuration of liquid crystal light valve)
In the liquid crystal light valve 20 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of pixels G are one-dimensionally arranged in one direction (vertical direction in FIG. 2). The number of arranged pixels G corresponds to the number of pixels in one direction (for example, the vertical direction) of an image displayed on the screen 32. Each pixel G has a pixel electrode 35, a pixel driving TFT 36 (switching element), and an additional capacitor 37 connected to the drain of the TFT 36 in parallel with the pixel electrode 35. One data line 40 for supplying an image signal to each pixel G is provided, and the source of each TFT 36 is connected to the data line 40. On the other hand, the same number of scanning lines 41 as the number of pixels are provided for controlling on / off of the TFT 36 of each pixel G. Further, the liquid crystal light valve 20 has a built-in scanning line driving circuit 43, and a start pulse, a clock, a power supply (Vdd) potential, a power supply (Vss) potential, and the like are supplied to the scanning line driving circuit 43. I have. Accordingly, a scanning signal for controlling the operation of the TFT 36 of each pixel G is line-sequentially supplied to each scanning line 41 from the scanning line driving circuit 43. One electrode of the additional capacitance 37 is connected to the drain of the corresponding TFT 36, while the other electrode is connected to the capacitance line 45. In the case of the present embodiment, since the scanning line driving circuit 43 is built in the liquid crystal light valve 20, an external driving circuit can be eliminated.
[0024]
(Example of pixel pattern)
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the actual pattern of the pixel G of the liquid crystal light valve 20 shown in the equivalent circuit diagram of FIG.
The semiconductor layer 50 forming the TFT 36 is formed in an inverted L-shape, and the region where the scanning line 41 extending in the horizontal direction in the figure intersects with the semiconductor layer 50 (the obliquely shaded portion in FIG. It is a channel region 50c. The material of the semiconductor layer 50 may be any of single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon (including a high temperature process, a low temperature process, and continuous grain silicon), and amorphous silicon. The data line 40 extending in the vertical direction in the figure and the source region 50 s of the semiconductor layer 50 are electrically connected via a contact hole 51. Each pixel G is provided with a pixel electrode 35 made of a transparent conductive film such as indium tin oxide (hereinafter, abbreviated as ITO). The pixel electrode 35 and the drain region 50 d of the semiconductor layer 50 are provided. Are electrically connected via a contact hole 52. Further, the drain region 50 d of the semiconductor layer 50 protrudes on the side opposite to the pixel electrode 35, and this protruding portion is arranged so as to overlap the capacitor electrode 54 in a plane, thereby forming the additional capacitance 37. The capacitance electrode 54 is electrically connected to the capacitance line 45 via the contact hole 53.
[0025]
In the present embodiment, the pixel electrodes 35 made of a transparent conductive film are arranged in the vertical direction in the figure, so that a transmission region T for transmitting light incident on the liquid crystal light valve 20 is formed. On the other hand, the region where the wiring such as the data line 40, the scanning line 41, and the capacitor line 45 and the elements such as the TFT 36 and the additional capacitor 37 are formed is covered with the light shielding layer 55. A non-transmissive region H that does not enter is formed. That is, the transmissive region T and the non-transmissive region H each have a configuration that extends long along the arrangement direction of the pixels G.
[0026]
A conventional general liquid crystal light valve has a plurality of pixels arranged two-dimensionally (in a matrix), whereas the liquid crystal light valve 20 according to the present embodiment has a plurality of pixels G arranged one-dimensionally, that is, The difference is that they are arranged in only one direction. Since a two-dimensional image is generated by scanning the one-dimensional image while displaying it in a time-division manner, a smooth image without graininess can be obtained. Further, since the transmission type liquid crystal light valve is used, unlike the conventional reflection type light valve utilizing the diffraction of light, the light source light does not need to have a single wavelength, and the conventional three-panel projection display device is used. It is necessary to add a movable mirror, but the configuration of the apparatus is not so complicated.
[0027]
Further, in the present embodiment, since the transmission region T and the non-transmission region H are provided continuously along the pixel arrangement direction, for example, wirings and elements can be collectively arranged in the non-transmission region H, There is no need to arrange wirings or elements between the pixel electrodes 35 in the transmission region T. As a result, the gap between the pixels G can be reduced to a minimum, and a smoother image can be obtained without any seams between the pixels. Further, since the various wirings, the TFTs 36, the additional capacitors 37, and the like are covered with the light-blocking layer 55, the occurrence of light leakage current can be suppressed, and malfunctions such as malfunctions and display defects can be eliminated.
[0028]
For more specific description, a comparison will be made between the conventional pattern arrangement shown in FIG. 6 and the pattern arrangement of the present embodiment shown in FIG. In FIG. 6, the same components as those in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description will be omitted.
In the case of a conventional general liquid crystal light valve, as shown in FIG. 6, the pixels are two-dimensionally arranged, so that a plurality of pixels arranged in the horizontal direction in FIG. It is necessary to arrange a common scanning line 41 and a capacitor line 45 in the horizontal direction. As described above, since the various wirings must be provided in a lattice shape, the area of the transmission region T has to be reduced, and there is a limit in improving the aperture ratio. On the other hand, in the case of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, all the wirings and elements can be accommodated in the non-transmissive region H on the left side in the figure, so that the adjacent pixel electrodes 35 arranged in the vertical direction are arranged. There is no need to arrange wiring between them. As a result, the aperture ratio can be increased, and at the same time, the gap between the pixels can be minimized, so that a smoother image can be obtained with no more seamless pixels.
[0029]
[Second embodiment]
Hereinafter, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
The whole projection type display device of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, except for the configuration of the liquid crystal light valve. Therefore, the description of the overall configuration of the projection display device will be omitted here, and only the configuration of the liquid crystal light valve will be described.
FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the liquid crystal light valve of the present embodiment, and FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a pattern configuration of pixels of the liquid crystal light valve.
[0030]
(Configuration of liquid crystal light valve)
While the liquid crystal light valve of the first embodiment has a built-in scanning line drive circuit, the liquid crystal light valve of the present embodiment is of a type that does not have any built-in drive circuit. Also in the liquid crystal light valve 60 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of pixels G are one-dimensionally arranged in one direction (vertical direction in FIG. 4), and each pixel G is composed of a pixel electrode 35 and a TFT 36. This is similar to the first embodiment in that it has an additional capacity 37. One scanning line 41 for controlling the operation of the TFT 36 of each pixel G is provided, and the gate electrode 61 of each TFT 36 is connected to the scanning line 41. On the other hand, the same number of data lines 40 as the number of the pixels G are provided to supply the image signal to each pixel G. A data line drive circuit (not shown) is externally connected to the liquid crystal light valve 60. With this configuration, an image signal from the data line driving circuit is supplied to each data line 40 in a line-sequential manner. One electrode of the additional capacitor 37 is connected to the drain of the TFT 36 of each pixel G, and the other electrode is connected to the capacitor line 45. In the case of the present embodiment, since the drive circuit in the light valve is not required, the configuration of the light valve is simplified.
[0031]
(Example of pixel pattern)
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the actual pattern of the pixel G of the liquid crystal light valve 60 shown in the equivalent circuit diagram of FIG.
The semiconductor layer 50 constituting the TFT 36 is formed in an inverted L-shape, and a region where the L-shaped gate electrode 61 intersects with the semiconductor layer 50 (a hatched portion ascending in FIG. 5) is a channel region of the TFT 36. 50c. The scanning line 41 extending in the vertical direction in the figure and the gate electrode 61 are electrically connected via a contact hole 62. Further, a data line 40 extending in the horizontal direction in the figure is provided corresponding to each pixel G, and the data line 40 and the source region 50 s of the semiconductor layer 50 are electrically connected through a contact hole 51. Each pixel G is provided with a pixel electrode 35 made of a transparent conductive film such as ITO, and the pixel electrode 35 and the drain region 50 d of the semiconductor layer 50 are electrically connected via a contact hole 52. In addition, the drain region 50 d of the semiconductor layer 50 protrudes on the side opposite to the pixel electrode 35, and the protruding portion is arranged so as to overlap the capacitance line 45 in a plane, thereby forming the additional capacitance 37. Further, a region in which wirings such as the data line 40, the scanning line 41, and the capacitor line 45 and elements such as the TFT 36 and the additional capacitor 37 are formed is covered with the light shielding layer 55. Each has a configuration that extends long along the arrangement direction of the pixels G.
[0032]
Also in the projection type display device of the present embodiment, it is possible to obtain the same effect as that of the first embodiment such that a smooth image without graininess can be obtained without making the device configuration so complicated. In particular, in the case of the present embodiment, image signals corresponding to a plurality of pixels G can be written line-sequentially, so that the time for writing an image signal to each pixel G can be lengthened. Therefore, even if the ability of the TFT 36 for driving the pixel G is somewhat low, it is possible to cope with it. In addition, since there is one scanning line 41, one line is written at a time, and the occurrence of unevenness due to the sequential writing can be suppressed.
[0033]
The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, the specific configuration and arrangement of each member of the projection display device and the liquid crystal light valve exemplified in the above-described embodiment, a pixel pattern example, and the like can be appropriately changed. The projection type display device to which the present invention can be applied is not limited to a three-plate type projection type liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal projector), but may be a single-plate type projection type liquid crystal display device. It is not limited to valves.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a projection display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a liquid crystal light valve used in the projection display device.
FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a pixel pattern of the liquid crystal light valve.
FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the liquid crystal light valve according to the second embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a pixel pattern of the liquid crystal light valve.
FIG. 6 is a plan view showing an example of a pixel pattern of a conventional liquid crystal light valve.
[Explanation of symbols]
11 light source, 12, 13 dichroic mirror (color separating means), 20, 20R, 20G, 20B, 60 liquid crystal light valve (spatial light modulator), 22 cross dichroic prism (color synthesizing means), 23 Movable mirror (scanning means), 24: projection lens system (projection means), 35: pixel electrode, 36: TFT (switching element), 40: data line, 41: scanning line, 43: scanning line drive circuit, 55: light shielding Layer, G: pixel, T: transmissive area, H: non-transmissive area

Claims (8)

A light source, a spatial light modulator that modulates light emitted from the light source, and a projection display device having a projection unit that projects light modulated by the spatial light modulator,
As the spatial light modulator, a transmission light valve in which a plurality of pixels are arranged one-dimensionally is used,
A projection display device comprising: a scanning unit that scans the light modulated by the spatial light modulator in a direction that intersects the arrangement direction of the pixels. In the transmissive light valve, a transmissive region that transmits incident light and a non-transmissive region that does not transmit the incident light are provided for each pixel, and the transmissive region and the non-transmissive region are arranged in the pixel arrangement direction. The projection-type display device according to claim 1, wherein the projection-type display device is provided continuously along. The transmission type light valve includes a data line and a scanning line, a switching element provided corresponding to an intersection of the data line and the scanning line, and a pixel electrode provided corresponding to the switching element. 3. The projection display device according to claim 2, wherein the data lines, the scanning lines, and the switching elements are arranged in the non-transmissive region and are covered by a light shielding layer. The driving circuit for driving the switching element is formed on the transmissive light valve, and the driving circuit is arranged in the non-transmissive area. Projection display device. 4. The projection display device according to claim 1, wherein a drive circuit for driving the switching element is externally connected to the transmission type light valve. 5. 6. The projection display device according to claim 5, wherein a signal line is provided for each pixel, and an image signal is supplied to the plurality of signal lines. A color separating unit that separates the light from the light source into a plurality of color lights of different colors; and a color combining unit that combines the respective color lights modulated by the spatial light modulator, wherein the scanning unit includes the color combining unit. 7. The projection type display device according to claim 1, wherein the light combined by said means is scanned. A spatial light modulator comprising a transmissive light valve in which a plurality of pixels are arranged one-dimensionally.

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