【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、軸組み木造住宅の内壁耐力面材の取り付け構造に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来の内壁耐力面材の取り付けは、通し柱・管柱・間柱に、内壁耐力面材をネジ及び釘で取り付けしている。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の内壁耐力面材の取り付け方法では、ネジ及び釘に錆と緩みが発生し、取り付け強度も弱く、耐久性と耐震性に問題がある。また、従来の蟻接合は、蟻形成方向から組み入れるため、内壁耐力面材を取り付けすることが困難である。
本発明は、この問題を、ネジ及び釘を殆んど使用しないで、柱に直接内壁耐力面材を取り付けする方法で解決し、耐久性と耐震性を高めた内壁耐力面材の取り付け構造とすることが目的である。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
図１に示すように、内壁耐力面材（１）の間柱（３）と接合する部分に、蟻溝部（２）を上下（鉛直）方向に形成する。
図４及び図６に示すように、間柱（３）の内壁耐力面材（１）と接する面に、前記蟻溝部（２）より幅方向を小さくし、且つ蟻溝部（２）形成方向に対して交差方向から挿入可能な蟻ほぞ部（４）を上下方向に形成する。前記蟻ほぞ部（４）の幅の最大寸法は、蟻溝部（２）の幅の最小寸法より小さい。ゆえに、蟻溝部（２）に、蟻溝部（２）形成方向（上下方向）に対して交差方向から蟻ほぞ部（４）の挿入を可能とした。
また、図６に示すように、蟻溝部（２）より蟻ほぞ部（４）の幅方向を小さくしたことにより、蟻溝部（２）に蟻ほぞ部（４）を挿入したとき、蟻溝部（２）における蟻ほぞ部（４）との間に間隙ができる。そこで、前記間隙に、差し込み部材（５）を圧入して内壁耐力面材（１）を取り付けした。
以上の方法を採用することによって、内壁耐力面材（１）を動かして、内壁耐力面材（１）の蟻溝部（２）に、間柱（３）の蟻ほぞ部（４）を上下方向に対して交差方向から挿入し、蟻溝部（２）における蟻ほぞ部（４）との間隙に差し込み部材（５）を圧入し、内壁耐力面材（１）を蟻接合で取り付することを可能とした。これによって、内壁耐力面材（１）と間柱（３）を強固に固定したので、水平抗力が増大し耐震性が大幅に向上した。
【０００５】
【発明の実施の形態】
まず、内壁耐力面材（１）を用意する。
つぎに、図５に示すように、木を用いて、対の蟻溝凸部部材（７）を製作する。
つぎに、図１に示すように、内壁耐力面材（１）の間柱（３）と接合する部分に、一対の前記蟻溝凸部部材（７）を、上下（鉛直）方向に接着剤で取り付けして一対の蟻溝凸部（６）を突設し、蟻溝部（２）を形成する。
ただし、合板に蟻溝凸部部材（７）を接着剤で取り付けする際、合板の表面が荒れていて接着剤が充分に効かない場合は、接着剤とビスを併用して取り付けする。
前記のように、一対の蟻溝凸部（６）を突設して蟻溝部（２）を形成する理由は、内壁耐力面材（１）の板厚を薄くしてコストを下げるためである。また、通気層を確保することも可能である。
【０００６】
なお、内壁耐力面材（１）の蟻溝部（２）の形成方法は、前記の方法のほかに図２に示すように、内壁耐力面材（１）の間柱（３）と接合する部分に、溝を設けて、蟻溝部（２）を上下方向に形成する方法もある。
また、図３に示すように、内壁耐力面材（１）の間柱（３）と接合する部分に一対の蟻溝凸部の突設する方法と溝を設ける方法を併用して蟻溝部（２）を上下方向に形成する方法もある。
ただし、合板に溝を設けると強度が弱くなるので、溝を設ける場合は、合板を用いない。
【０００７】
間柱（３）の寸法は、縦（屋内から屋外方向の寸法）が、菅柱の縦寸法に、これから形成する蟻ほぞ部（４）の加工部分を加えた長さで、横が、４５ｍｍから６０ｍｍの間柱（３）を用意する。前記のように、間柱（３）の縦寸法が、菅柱の縦寸法より蟻ほぞ部（４）の加工部分の長さの分を長くした理由は、差し込み部材（５）の打ち込みを可能とし、通気層を確保し耐久性を向上させるためである。また、本発明は構造上、反り・ねじれが発生すると問題が生じるため、間柱（３）は、集成材及び反り・捻じれがほとんどない無垢材とする。
【０００８】
図４及び図６に示すように、間柱（３）の蟻ほぞ部（４）の形成は、間柱（３）の内壁耐力面材（１）と接する面に、蟻溝部（２）より幅方向を小さくし、且つ蟻溝部（２）形成方向に対して交差方向から挿入可能な蟻ほぞ部（４）を、上下（鉛直）方向に向かって左に寄せて形成する。前記蟻ほぞ部（４）は、カットして形成する。
【０００９】
また、蟻ほぞ部（４）を形成する別の方法がある。
まず、図１０に示すように、木を用いて、蟻ほぞ部（４）と同じ形の蟻ほぞ部部材（８）を形成する。
つぎに、縦寸法が、菅柱と同じ寸法の間柱（３）を用意する。用意した間柱（３）の内壁耐力面材（１）と接合する面に、前記蟻ほぞ部部材（８）を、上下方向に左に寄せて接着剤で接合して蟻ほぞ部（４）を形成する。
【００１０】
図６に示すように、前記蟻ほぞ部（４）の形成では、蟻ほぞ部（４）を左に寄せて形成したので、間柱（３）への内壁耐力面材（１）の取り付け方法は、蟻溝部（２）に蟻ほぞ部（４）を挿入し、内壁耐力面材（１）を右にずらし、右側の蟻溝部（２）における蟻ほぞ部（４）との間隙に、差し込み部材（５）を圧入して内壁耐力面材（１）を取り付けする方法となる。
【００１１】
また、図７に示すように、間柱（３）の内壁耐力面材（１）と接する面に、蟻ほぞ部（４）を上下方向に右に寄せて形成し、蟻溝部（２）に蟻ほぞ部（４）を挿入し、内壁耐力面材（１）を左にずらし、左側の蟻溝部（２）における蟻ほぞ部（４）との間隙に、差し込み部材（５）を圧入し、内壁耐力面材（１）を取り付けする方法もある。
【００１２】
また、図８に示すように、間柱（３）の内壁耐力面材（１）と接する面の中央に、蟻ほぞ部（４）を上下方向に形成し、蟻溝部（２）に蟻ほぞ部（４）を挿入し、左右両側の蟻溝部（２）における蟻ほぞ部（４）との間隙に、差し込み部材（５）を圧入し、内壁耐力面材（１）を取り付けする方法もある。
【００１３】
図９に示すように、差し込み部材（５）は、木を用い、断面は、蟻溝部（２）に蟻ほぞ部（４）を挿入したときの蟻溝部（２）における蟻ほぞ部（４）との間隙の断面と同じで、長さは、打ち込みやすい長さに形成する。
なお、差し込み部材（５）の材料は、木のほかに、木質系複合材・プラスチック系複合材・樹脂系複合材・ゴム系複合材・セラミックなどを用いることも可能である。
【００１４】
図１２に示すように、菅柱・通し柱にかわり、間柱（３）に内壁耐力面材（１）を蟻接合で取り付けするため、軸組みの段階で、菅柱・通し柱から１０ｃｍほど離して蟻ほぞ部（４）を形成した間柱（３）をたてる。
これは、菅柱・通し柱にかかる水平荷重の負担を軽くすると共に、菅柱・通し柱に蟻ほぞ部（４）を形成しないことにより、菅柱・通し柱の安定を図り、作業を安全に行なうためである。
なお、菅柱・通し柱から１０ｃｍほど離して間柱（３）をたてる理由は、金具を取り付けするスペースを確保するためである。
【００１５】
菅柱に内壁耐力面材（１）の左右両端部分を取り付けするため、菅柱にスペーサー（胴縁）をネジ及び釘で取り付けする。
【００１６】
図１１に示すように、内壁耐力面材（１）の取り付け作業は、１階の下右隅から行う。内壁耐力面材（１）を動かして、蟻溝部（２）に蟻ほぞ部（４）を上下方向に対して交差方向（手前）から挿入する。つぎに、内壁耐力面材（１）を右へずらし、右側の蟻溝部（２）における蟻ほぞ部（４）との間隙に、差し込み部材（５）を上から１回から数回（数回のときは重ねて）打ち込み、内壁耐力面材（１）を取り付けする。内壁耐力面材（１）の左右両端部は、菅柱に取り付けたスペーサーに、ネジ及び釘で取り付けする。
以後、内壁耐力面材（１）の取り付けは、前記の方法で行なう。
左方向への内壁耐力面材（１）の取り付けは、順次左方向へ行なう。
上方向への内壁耐力面材（１）の取り付けは、順次上方向へ行なう。
【００１７】
窓の下と窓の上の内壁耐力面材（１）の取り付け作業は、窓がない部分の内壁耐力面材（１）の取り付け作業と平行して順次上方向へ行なう。
まず、土台の上から１階の窓までの間に、内壁耐力面材（１）を取り付けする。
つぎに、まぐさから胴差し・桁までの間に、内壁耐力面材（１）を取り付けする。
なお、予め、間柱（３）に内壁耐力面材（１）を取り付けしたものを、窓下及び窓上に組み入れる方法もある。
【００１８】
内壁耐力面材（１）の室外側の面と断熱材との間に、通気層を形成し、通気を行なうことも可能である。これにより、耐久性と居住快適性を向上させることができる。
内壁耐力面材（１）の室外側の面と断熱材との間に通気層を形成する。
各階の床下や天井裏の空間と内壁耐力面材（１）の室外側の前記通気層を連絡する。
内壁耐力面材（１）の室外側の通気層と各階の床下や天井裏の空間と全館を空調する。これにより、床下・壁・天井裏の湿気を排除し、床・壁・天井が室内空間と同じ温度となり、春夏秋冬、全館が快適空間となる。
ただし、通気を行なわない場合は、通気層を形成しない。
【００１９】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、以上のような構成であるから、ネジ及び釘を殆んど使わないので耐久性が向上した。また、蟻形成方向（上下方向）に対して交差方向から挿入を可能とした蟻の構造に改良して、蟻接合で内壁耐力面材を取り付けしので、内壁耐力面材と間柱を強固に固定することができ、水平抗力が増大して耐震性が向上した。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】一対の蟻溝凸部を突設して蟻溝部を形成した内壁耐力面材の斜視図
【図２】溝を設けて蟻溝部を形成した内壁耐力面材の斜視図
【図３】一対の蟻溝凸部を突設する方法と溝を設ける方法を併用して蟻溝部を形成した内壁耐力面材の斜視図
【図４】蟻ほぞ部を形成した間柱の斜視図
【図５】対の蟻溝凸部部材の斜視図
【図６】Ａ 内壁耐力面材の蟻溝部と間柱の左に寄せた蟻ほぞ部の挿入前の断面図
Ｂ 内壁耐力面材の蟻溝部に、間柱の左に寄せた蟻ほぞ部を挿入し、右側に差し込み部材を圧入して接合した断面図
【図７】内壁耐力面材の蟻溝部に、間柱の右に寄せた蟻ほぞ部を挿入し左側に差し込み部材を圧入して接合した断面図
【図８】内壁耐力面材の蟻溝部に、間柱の面の中央に形成した蟻ほぞ部を挿入し、左右両側に差し込み部材を圧入して接合した断面図
【図９】差し込み部材の斜視図
【図１０】蟻ほぞ部部材の斜視図
【図１１】一階の内壁耐力面材の取り付け断面図
【図１２】内壁耐力面材の取り付け上面図
【符号の説明】
１ 内壁耐力面材
２ 蟻溝部
３ 間柱
４ 蟻ほぞ部
５ 差し込み部材
６ 蟻溝凸部
７ 蟻溝凸部部材
８ 蟻ほぞ部部材
９ 内壁耐力面材の蟻溝部に、間柱の蟻ほぞ部を挿入し、差し込み部材を圧入した接合部[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a mounting structure for an inner wall bearing surface material of a timber framed wooden house.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the conventional installation of the inner wall bearing surface material, the inner wall bearing surface material is attached to the through pillar, the pipe pillar, and the stud with screws and nails.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the conventional method of mounting the inner wall bearing surface material, screws and nails are rusted and loosened, the mounting strength is low, and there are problems in durability and earthquake resistance. In addition, since the conventional dovetail joint is incorporated from the dovetail forming direction, it is difficult to attach the inner wall bearing surface material.
The present invention solves this problem by using a method in which the inner wall bearing surface material is directly attached to the pillar without using screws and nails, and a mounting structure for the inner wall bearing surface material having improved durability and earthquake resistance. The purpose is to do.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As shown in FIG. 1, a dovetail groove (2) is formed in a vertical (vertical) direction at a portion joined to the stud (3) of the inner wall bearing surface material (1).
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, on the surface of the stud (3) in contact with the inner wall bearing surface material (1), the width direction is smaller than that of the dovetail groove (2), and An ant tenon (4) that can be inserted from the cross direction is formed in the vertical direction. The maximum dimension of the width of the dovetail part (4) is smaller than the minimum dimension of the width of the dovetail part (2). Therefore, the dovetail mortise (4) can be inserted into the dovetail (2) in a direction crossing the dovetail (2) forming direction (vertical direction).
Also, as shown in FIG. 6, the width of the dovetail mortise (4) is made smaller than that of the dovetail (2), so that when the dovetail (4) is inserted into the dovetail (2), the dovetail ( There is a gap between the ant tenon (4) in 2). Therefore, the insertion member (5) was press-fitted into the gap to attach the inner wall bearing surface material (1).
By adopting the above method, the inner wall bearing surface material (1) is moved, and the dovetail (4) of the stud (3) is vertically inserted into the dovetail groove (2) of the inner wall bearing surface material (1). It is possible to insert the dowel member (5) into the gap between the dovetail groove (2) and the dovetail tenon (4) by press-fitting and insert the inner wall bearing surface material (1) by dovetail bonding. And As a result, the inner wall bearing surface material (1) and the stud (3) were firmly fixed, so that the horizontal resistance was increased and the earthquake resistance was greatly improved.
[0005]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
First, an inner wall bearing surface material (1) is prepared.
Next, as shown in FIG. 5, a pair of dovetail groove convex members (7) are manufactured using wood.
Next, as shown in FIG. 1, a pair of the dovetail groove convex members (7) is vertically and vertically (vertically) attached to a portion joined to the stud (3) of the inner wall bearing surface material (1) by an adhesive. A pair of dovetails (6) are protruded to form a dovetail (2).
However, when the dovetail groove member (7) is attached to the plywood with an adhesive, if the surface of the plywood is rough and the adhesive does not work sufficiently, the adhesive and screws are used in combination.
As described above, the reason why the dovetail groove (2) is formed by projecting the pair of dovetail protrusions (6) is to reduce the thickness of the inner wall bearing surface material (1) to reduce the cost. . It is also possible to secure a ventilation layer.
[0006]
The method of forming the dovetail groove (2) of the inner wall bearing surface material (1) is, as shown in FIG. 2, in addition to the above-described method, at a portion joined to the stud (3) of the inner wall bearing surface material (1). There is also a method in which a dovetail groove (2) is formed in the vertical direction by providing a groove.
As shown in FIG. 3, a method of projecting a pair of dovetail projections and a method of providing a groove at a portion joined to the stud (3) of the inner wall bearing surface material (1) is used in combination. ) May be formed vertically.
However, if a groove is provided in the plywood, the strength is weakened. Therefore, when the groove is provided, the plywood is not used.
[0007]
The length of the stud (3) is the length obtained by adding the processed part of the ant tenon (4) to be formed to the length of the stub post to the length (dimension from indoor to outdoor) and the width is from 45 mm. A stud (3) of 60 mm is prepared. As described above, the reason why the vertical dimension of the stud (3) is longer than the vertical dimension of the stub column by the length of the processed portion of the dovetail (4) is that the insertion member (5) can be driven. This is to secure a ventilation layer and improve durability. Further, in the present invention, since a problem arises when warping or twisting occurs in the structure, the stud (3) is made of a laminated material and a solid material having almost no warping or twisting.
[0008]
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, the dove mortise (4) of the stud (3) is formed on the surface of the stud (3) in contact with the inner wall bearing surface material (1) in the width direction from the dovetail (2). And a dove tenon (4) that can be inserted in a direction crossing the direction in which the dovetail (2) is formed is formed to be shifted leftward in the up-down (vertical) direction. The ant tenon (4) is formed by cutting.
[0009]
There is another method for forming the ant tenon (4).
First, as shown in FIG. 10, an ant tenon member (8) having the same shape as the ant tenon (4) is formed using a tree.
Next, a stud (3) whose vertical dimension is the same as that of the tube post is prepared. The dovetail mortise member (8) is joined to the surface of the prepared stud (3) that is to be joined to the inner wall bearing surface material (1) with the adhesive by moving the dovetail mortise member (8) to the left in the vertical direction and using an adhesive. Form.
[0010]
As shown in FIG. 6, in the formation of the ant tenon (4), the ant tenon (4) is formed to be shifted to the left, so the method of attaching the inner wall bearing surface material (1) to the stud (3) is as follows. The dove mortise (4) is inserted into the dovetail (2), the inner wall bearing surface material (1) is shifted to the right, and the insertion member is inserted into the gap between the dovetail (4) in the right dovetail (2). (5) is press-fitted and the inner wall bearing surface material (1) is attached.
[0011]
As shown in FIG. 7, a dovetail mortise (4) is formed on the surface of the stud (3) in contact with the inner wall bearing surface material (1) in the vertical direction to the right, and a dovetail (2) is formed in the dovetail groove (2). The tenon (4) is inserted, the inner wall bearing surface material (1) is shifted to the left, and the insertion member (5) is pressed into the gap between the dovetail (4) in the dovetail groove (2) on the left side. There is also a method of attaching a bearing surface material (1).
[0012]
As shown in FIG. 8, a dovetail (4) is formed in the center of the surface of the stud (3) in contact with the inner wall bearing surface material (1), and a dovetail (2) is formed in the dovetail (2). There is also a method in which (4) is inserted, the insertion member (5) is pressed into the gap between the dovetail part (4) in the dovetail grooves (2) on both left and right sides, and the inner wall bearing surface material (1) is attached.
[0013]
As shown in FIG. 9, the insertion member (5) is made of wood, and has a cross section of the dovetail (4) in the dovetail (2) when the dovetail (4) is inserted into the dovetail (2). The length is the same as that of the cross section of the gap, and the length is formed to be easy to drive.
In addition, as the material of the insertion member (5), wood-based composite materials, plastic-based composite materials, resin-based composite materials, rubber-based composite materials, ceramics, and the like can be used in addition to wood.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 12, instead of the stub column and the through column, the inner wall bearing surface material (1) is attached to the stud (3) by dovetail joint. The stud (3) on which the tenon (4) is formed is set up.
This is to reduce the burden of horizontal load on the stub column and the through column, and to stabilize the stub column and the through column by not forming the dovetail mortise (4) on the stub column and the through column, and to work safely. It is.
The reason why the stud (3) is set at a distance of about 10 cm from the stub pillar / through pillar is to secure a space for mounting the bracket.
[0015]
In order to attach the left and right end portions of the inner wall bearing surface material (1) to the tube post, a spacer (body edge) is attached to the tube post with screws and nails.
[0016]
As shown in FIG. 11, the work of attaching the inner wall bearing surface material (1) is performed from the lower right corner of the first floor. The inner wall bearing surface material (1) is moved, and the dovetail tenon (4) is inserted into the dovetail groove (2) from a direction (front) crossing the vertical direction. Next, the inner wall bearing surface material (1) is shifted to the right, and the insertion member (5) is inserted from the top once to several times (several times) into the gap between the dovetail part (4) in the dovetail part (2) on the right side. In this case, the inner wall bearing surface material (1) is attached. The left and right ends of the inner wall bearing surface material (1) are attached to the spacer attached to the tube post with screws and nails.
Thereafter, the inner wall bearing surface material (1) is attached by the above-described method.
The attachment of the inner wall bearing surface material (1) to the left direction is sequentially performed to the left.
The mounting of the inner wall bearing surface material (1) in the upward direction is sequentially performed in the upward direction.
[0017]
The operation of attaching the inner wall bearing surface material (1) below and above the window is performed sequentially in the upward direction in parallel with the attaching operation of the inner wall bearing surface material (1) where there is no window.
First, an inner wall bearing surface material (1) is attached between the base and the window on the first floor.
Next, the inner wall bearing surface material (1) is attached between the lintel and the girth / girder.
In addition, there is also a method in which the stud (3) to which the inner wall bearing surface material (1) is attached in advance is installed under the window and on the window.
[0018]
It is also possible to form a ventilation layer between the outdoor surface of the inner wall bearing surface material (1) and the heat insulating material to perform ventilation. Thereby, durability and living comfort can be improved.
A ventilation layer is formed between the outdoor surface of the inner wall bearing surface material (1) and the heat insulating material.
The space under the floor or the ceiling of each floor and the ventilation layer on the outside of the inner wall bearing surface material (1) are connected.
The whole building is air-conditioned with the ventilation layer on the outside of the inner wall bearing surface material (1), the space under the floor and the ceiling behind each floor. As a result, moisture under the floor, walls and ceiling is eliminated, and the floor, walls and ceiling have the same temperature as the indoor space, and the whole building becomes a comfortable space in spring, summer, autumn and winter.
However, when ventilation is not performed, no ventilation layer is formed.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention has the above-described configuration, it hardly uses screws and nails, and thus has improved durability. In addition, the structure of the dovetail has been improved so that it can be inserted from the direction perpendicular to the dovetail formation direction (vertical direction), and the inner wall bearing surface material is attached by dovetail bonding, so the inner wall bearing surface material and studs are firmly fixed. The horizontal drag increased and the earthquake resistance improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an inner wall bearing surface material having a dovetail portion formed by projecting a pair of dovetail projections. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an inner wall bearing surface material having a dovetail portion formed with grooves. A perspective view of an inner wall bearing surface material having a dovetail portion formed by using both a method of projecting a pair of dovetail protrusions and a method of providing a groove [FIG. 4] A perspective view of a stud having a dovetail portion formed thereon [FIG. A perspective view of a pair of dovetail groove convex members. FIG. 6A is a dovetail groove of the inner wall bearing surface material and a cross-sectional view before insertion of a dovetail tenon shifted to the left of the stud B. Sectional view of the dove mortise shifted to the left of the stud and inserted into the dovetail member on the right side of the stud. Sectional view in which the insertion member is press-fitted into the joint. Fig. 8 Insert the dovetail mortise formed in the center of the stud face into the dovetail groove of the inner wall bearing surface material. FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the insertion member. FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the dovetail mortise member. FIG. 11 is a sectional view of mounting the inner wall bearing surface material on the first floor. FIG. 12 is an inner wall bearing surface. Top view of material installation [Explanation of symbols]
Reference Signs List 1 dowel groove 2 dovetail 3 stud 4 dovetail 5 insert member 6 dovetail protrusion 7 dovetail protrusion 8 member dovetail member 9 dovetail dovetail inserted into dovetail portion of inner wall bearing surface material And press-fit the joint
