JP2004248950A - Adsorbing material for immunosuppressive substance and column for extracorporeal circulation - Google Patents

Adsorbing material for immunosuppressive substance and column for extracorporeal circulation Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004248950A
JP2004248950A JP2003043918A JP2003043918A JP2004248950A JP 2004248950 A JP2004248950 A JP 2004248950A JP 2003043918 A JP2003043918 A JP 2003043918A JP 2003043918 A JP2003043918 A JP 2003043918A JP 2004248950 A JP2004248950 A JP 2004248950A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
adsorbent
immunosuppressive substance
immunosuppressive
water
adsorbing material
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JP2003043918A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Toshio Yoshioka
敏雄 吉岡
Kazuo Teramoto
和雄 寺本
Takeo Matsunase
武雄 松名瀬
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Toray Industries Inc
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Toray Industries Inc
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an adsorbing material for an immunosuppressive substance capable of being spread generally, efficiently and selectively adsorbing the immunosuppressive substance such as TGFβ, immunosuppressive acidic protein, PGE2 or the like directly from body fluids, having no problem from an aspect of health and safety, and capable of being extracorporeally circulated to be made use of in the treatment of cancer. <P>SOLUTION: The adsorbing material for the immunosuppressive substance is obtained by binding amine residues to a water insoluble carrier and sterilizing the amine residue-bound carrier by steam. The column for extracorporeal circulation is packed with this adsorbing material. Further, the adsorbing material for the immunosuppressive substance is an adsorbent obtained by immobilizing the amine residue on the water insoluble carrier and does not lose activity even if it is sterilized with steam. By this constitution, the immunosuppressive substance is adsorbed and removed safely and efficiently and is useful for the treatment of a patient suffering from cancer. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、血液中に過剰に存在すれば免疫の大幅な低下を招き、癌の形成が促進されるTGFβ、免疫抑制酸性蛋白、PGE2などの免疫抑制物質を除去するための吸着材および体外循環カラムに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
医学の発達した今日でも、依然として日本人の主な死亡原因の一つが癌である。その原因は患者には手術で取りきれない癌細胞が存在するためであり、その除去のため抗癌剤治療や放射線治療が行われてきた。しかし、これらは正常細胞をも傷害するため患者の生命を維持しつつ癌細胞を完全に除去することができない。一方、最近、患者の免疫力を高めて、患者自身の白血球で癌を排除しようとする細胞療法が盛んに試みられる様になった。最も有望なものとして、患者の樹状細胞を体外で癌抗原刺激した後、患者に戻し、癌特異的キラー細胞(CTL)を誘導して治療しようとする樹状細胞輸注療法がある。しかし、健康な動物の血液からはCTLを誘導できても癌末期の担癌動物からは誘導できないことが多い。また、動物実験では好成績を得ても臨床では目に見えた効果が出ないことが殆どである。この理由として患者の血中には免疫を抑制する物質が存在するためと考えられる。
【0003】
その免疫抑制物質の代表的なものがトランスフォーミング・グロウス・ファクター・ベータ(TGFβ)、免疫抑制酸性蛋白、プロスタグランジン−E2(PGE2)である。この物質がCTLの誘導や機能発現を阻害していると考えられる。TGFβは、健康な人の血液中にも存在する蛋白質で免疫作用を調整する重要な物質であるが、癌の進行に伴って異常に増え、癌細胞の増殖を助けていると考えられる。TGFβは単独では分子量25000程度の蛋白質であるが、血中では他の蛋白質と結合して10万前後の分子量で存在するため、従来の吸着材では吸着除去が困難な物質である。従って、癌患者の血液中から異常に増えたTGFβを効率よく除去できる吸着材は知られていない。また、免疫抑制酸性蛋白は分子量5万程度の蛋白質で、癌の悪性度のマーカーとして臨床で利用されているが、免疫を抑制すると言われている。活性炭カラムでの除去も試みられたが、吸着能力が不十分だったためか治療効果が明確でなかった。また、活性炭は粉が出やすいので、直接、血液と接触する用途には向かない。これら免疫抑制物質の除去には、理論上、血漿交換も有効であるが、感染の危険が避けがたいという本質的な欠点がある。
【0004】
また、免疫抑制物質吸着材を臨床に使う時には、その表面から細菌を完全に除いておくために滅菌が必要である。滅菌としては特許文献1(特開平8ー196604号公報)に開示されているエチレンオキサイド(EOG)滅菌および放射線滅菌が知られているが、EGO滅菌では、残留エチレンオキサイドが有害物質として体液中に吸収される危険性があり、また、放射線滅菌も放射線の取扱い上の危険性があり、好ましくない。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開平8−196604号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、かかる従来技術の問題点に鑑み、一般的に普及可能であり、体液中から、直接、TGFβ、免疫抑制酸性蛋白、PGE2などの免疫抑制物質を高い効率で選択的に吸着し、かつ、健康上、安全上の問題がなく体外循環できる免疫抑制物質吸着材を提供し、ひいては癌の治療に役立てることを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
すなわち本発明は、不溶性担体にアミン残基を固定化した免疫抑制物質吸着材であって、蒸気滅菌しても活性を失わない免疫抑制物質吸着材である。
【0008】
また本発明は、上記の吸着材を充填した体外循環カラムである。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
続いて、本発明についてさらに詳細に説明する。
【0010】
本発明で用いる水不溶性担体としては、水に不溶で、アミンを固定化できるものであれば良く、特に制限はされないが、水不溶性重合体であることが好ましい。
【0011】
水不溶性重合体の具体例としてはポリスチレンで代表されるポリ(芳香族ビニル化合物)、ポリ(p−フェニレンエーテルスルホン)や−{(p−C)−C(CH−(p−C)−O−(p−C)−SO−(p−C)−O−}−(以下ユーデルポリスルホンと略記する)などで代表されるポリスルホン系重合体、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリイミド、ポリアミド、ポリエーテル、ポリフェニレンサルファイドなどで、かつ、アミンを固定化できるものがあげられる。アミンを固定化するための反応性官能基としては、ハロメチル基、ハロアセチル基、ハロアセトアミドメチル基、ハロゲン化アルキル基などの活性ハロゲン基、エポキサイド基、カルボキシル基、イソシアン酸基、チオイソシアン酸基、酸無水物基などをあげることができるが、とりわけ、活性ハロゲン基、中でも、ハロアセチル基は、製造が容易な上に、反応性が適度に高く、アミンの固定化反応が温和な条件で遂行できると共に、この際生じる共有結合が化学的に安定なので好ましい。さらに具体的な例としては、クロルアセトアミドメチルポリスチレン、クロルアセトアミドメチル化したユーデル・ポリスルホン、クロルアセトアミドメチル化したポリエーテルイミドなどがあげられる。さらに、これらのポリマーは有機溶媒に対し可溶であると、成型しやすい利点がある。
【0012】
本発明で言うアミン残基とは、アンモニア、第1〜3級アミンがポリマーに化学的に結合した状態のものを意味する。本発明においては、アミン残基のもととなるアミンとしては、炭素数で言うと、窒素原子1個当たり炭素数18以下であるものが好ましい。
【0013】
さらに、アミンの中でも、窒素原子1個当たり炭素数3以上18以下、とりわけ、4以上14以下のアルキル基を持つ第3級アミンが好ましく、これらの第3級アミンから得られる第4アンモニウム基を結合した吸着材が優れている。そのような第3級アミンの具体例としては、トリメチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、N、N−ジメチルヘキシルアミン、N、N−ジメチルオクチルアミン、N,N−ジメチルラウリルアミン、N−メチル−N−エチル−ヘキシルアミンなどがあげられる。
【0014】
本発明におけるアミン残基の結合の密度は、水不溶性重合体の化学構造および用途により異なるが、少なすぎるとその機能が発現しない傾向にあり、一方、多すぎると、固定化後の重合体の物理的強度が悪くなり、吸着材としての機能も下がる傾向にあるので、該密度は水不溶性重合体の繰り返し単位あたり0.01〜2.0モル、より好ましくは0.1〜1.0モルが良い。密度はアニオン交換容量もしくは収量などを測定することによって算出することができる。
【0015】
本発明の吸着材の表面積は吸着材1グラム当たり0.01平方メートル以上であることが重要であり、より好ましくは、0.1平方メートル以上である。ただし無限に大きくはできないので、実際上、限界があり、100平方メートル以下が好ましい。この表面積は窒素ガス吸着法(BET法)で求めることができる。
【0016】
本発明の吸着材は、アミン残基を結合した水不溶性重合体を膜、繊維、粒状物またはこれらの組み立て品に成型するか、あるいはアミン残基を結合した水不溶性重合体を、膜、繊維、粒状物のいずれかの基材に被覆せしめるか、あるいは水不溶性重合体の膜、繊維等の成型品にアミンを結合させるか等により得ることができる。
【0017】
アミン残基を結合した水不溶性担体の成型品の製造には、水不溶性重合体の成型品にアミンの溶液を接触させる不均一系反応の方法と、水不溶性重合体の溶液とアミンの溶液を混合して反応させた後、成型する均一系反応の方法とがある。
【0018】
不均一系反応の方法の一例としては、クロルアセトアミドメチル化ポリスルホンの繊維または中空糸などの成型品をジメチルヘキシルアミンやポリアルキレンイミン等のイソプロパノール溶液中に浸し、0〜100℃の温度で反応させることにより、容易に達成される。均一系反応による方法の一例を述べると、クロルアセトアミドメチル化ポリスルホンの溶液中に対応したポリアミンを加えて、0〜100℃の温度で反応させることにより、達成される。その量には特に制限はないが、可溶性のポリマーを得るためにはハロアセトアミドメチル基に対し1倍モル以上用いるのが望ましい。とりわけ、ポリアミンの場合は、可溶性の重合体を得るためにはアミンを大過剰用いるのが好ましい。
【0019】
また、上記両方法における反応溶媒としては、水、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、ジメチルスルホキシド、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)などの極性の高い溶媒の方が反応が速く進む利点がある。不均一系反応では、アミンが溶ける溶媒であれば良く、特に制限はない。均一系で反応させる場合には、水不溶性担体とアミンの両方が溶解する溶媒、具体的にはテトラヒドロフラン、ジメチルスルホキシド、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、N−メチルピロリドンなどが好ましく用いらる。また、成型品を表面処理する方法も可能で、そのためには水、メタノール、エタノールなどの、ポリスルホンを溶かさずに親水性アミンを溶かす溶媒が好ましく用いられる。
【0020】
上記均一系反応により製造したアミノ残基が結合した水不溶性担体を、それ自体を成型するのではなく、ポリエステル繊維、ポリアミド繊維、ポリフェニレンサルファイド繊維などの成型品の表面に被覆すると、簡単且つ安価に表面積の大きな高次の成型品が得られる利点がある。被覆は、例えば、アミノ残基が結合した水不溶性担体を塩化メチレンやテトラヒドロフランなどの低沸点溶媒に溶かしたものにポリアミド等の編み地や織物を浸した後、溶媒を蒸発させることにより容易に達成できる。また、アミノ残基が結合した水不溶性担体をN,N−ジメチルホルムアミドなどの溶媒に溶かしたものを水などのポリマーの貧溶媒に入れる湿式コーティング法も利用できる。被覆される成型品のポリマーはポリアミド、ポリウレタン、ポリイミド、ポリスルホン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリエステル、ポリフェニレンサルファイドなど、本発明吸着材ポリマーとの接着性の良いものであれば何でも良く、その種類には特に制限はないが、ポリアミド、ポリエーテルイミドなどのアミド系のポリマーが接着性が特に良いので、好ましく用いられる。また被覆する成型品、すなわち基材も、繊維や、織物、編物等の繊維の高次加工品に限らず、膜、粒状物なども好ましい。
【0021】
上記の成型や基材への被覆において、成型品や基材の形態に採用する繊維として、中空糸を用いることも好ましい。この場合、濾過の機能を具備した吸着材が作れるので、人工透析器として、あるいは、血漿分離器として使用しながら免疫抑制物質を除去できる利点がある。
【0022】
本発明でいう蒸気滅菌とは、水または生理食塩水を、本発明の吸着材を入れたケースに充填した状態、あるいは充填した後、吸着材を取り出し、滅菌袋に入れた状態で、オートクレーブなどの加圧密封し得る装置内で加熱滅菌する滅菌方法をいう。本発明の吸着材は蒸気滅菌してもその活性、すなわち吸着能を失うことがなく、したがって滅菌方法として蒸気滅菌を採用することが可能となった。本発明でいう「活性を失わない」とは、吸着率の低下が10%以内であることをいう。
【0023】
本発明の吸着材は血液中のTGFβ、免疫抑制酸性蛋白、PGE2などの免疫抑制物質の除去の目的で、カラムに詰めた状態で、癌等の病気の体外循環治療に用いられる。本発明のカラムの作製は、綿状、筒編み状もしくはフェルト状の本発明の吸着材を、空隙容積が200mL程度以下になるようにして、適度の大きさの円筒形のカラム容器に詰めることで達成できる。また、本発明の吸着材は輸血用血液、血清、血漿からの免疫抑制物質の除去の目的にも用いることができる。
【0024】
【実施例】
以下、実験例により本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。
<実施例1>
(水不溶性担体)
36島の海島複合繊維であって、島が更に芯鞘複合によりなるものを次の成分を用いて、紡糸速度800m/分、延伸倍率3倍の製糸条件で得た。
島の芯成分;ポリプロピレン
島の鞘成分;ポリスチレン90%、ポリプロピレン10%
海成分;5−ナトリウムスルホイソフタル酸を3%共重合したポリエチレンテレフタレート
複合比率;芯:鞘:海=27:53:20。
この海成分を熱苛性ソーダ水溶液で溶解し、芯鞘型のポリプロピレン補強ポリスチレン繊維として、直径4μmの原糸1を得た。
【0025】
(中間体)
ニトロベンゼン150mLと硫酸98mLの混合溶液にパラホルムアルデヒド0.39gを20℃で溶解した後、0℃に冷却し、27.2gのN−メチロール−α−クロルアセトアミドを加えて、5℃以下で溶解した。これに10gの上記で調製した原糸1を浸し、室温で2時間静置した。その後、繊維を取りだし、大過剰の冷メタノール中に入れ、洗浄した。繊維をメタノールで良く洗った後、乾燥して、15.9gのα−クロルアセトアミドメチル化ポリスチレン繊維(中間体1)を得た。
【0026】
(アミンの固定)
N,N−ジメチルヘキシルアミン5gとヨウ化カリウム1gを100mLのDMFに溶かした溶液に5gの上記中間体1を浸し、85℃のバス中で3時間加熱した。繊維を1モル/L濃度の食塩水に浸漬した後、水洗し、メタノール洗浄し、真空乾燥して、7.7gのジメチルヘキシルアンモニウム化ポリスチレン繊維(吸着材a)を得た。この繊維の半分を生理食塩水に浸し、オートクレーブを用いて120℃で20分間、蒸気滅菌することにより本発明の吸着材(吸着材A)を得た。
<実施例2>
(アミン結合ポリマーの合成とコーティング)
ニトロベンゼン16mLと硫酸32mLの混合溶液を0℃に冷却後、4.2gのN−メチロール−α−クロルアセトアミドを加えて、溶解し、これを、10℃のユーデルポリスルホンP3500の3Lのニトロベンゼン溶液(300g/3L)に、良く撹拌しながら加えた。さらに、室温で3時間撹拌した。その後、反応混合物を大過剰の冷メタノール中に入れ、ポリマーを沈殿させた。沈殿をメタノールで良く洗った後、乾燥し、さらに、ジメチルホルムアミド/メタノールから再沈殿して、303gのα−クロルアセトアミドメチル化ポリスルホン(置換率:0.05;重合体C)を得た。
【0027】
ポリエチレンイミン(平均分子量10000:和光純薬)60gを300mLのDMFに溶かした溶液と30gの重合体Cを含む300mLのDMF溶液と混合し、室温で48時間撹拌した。反応混合物を大過剰の飽和食塩水に加え、沈殿したポリマーをろ取した。ポリマーを水洗後、乾燥し、さらに、ジメチルホルムアミド/メタノールから再沈殿して、26gのN−アルキル化ポリアルキレンイミン固定化ポリスルホン(重合体D)を調製した。
【0028】
上記重合体Dを5g含む塩化メチレン250mLの溶液に、単糸の直径が3.5μmのポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維の綿20gを浸し、20時間後に綿を取り出し、液を切って風乾し、21gのコーティング綿(吸着材b)を得た。この綿の半分を生理食塩水に浸し、オートクレーブを用いて120℃で20分間、蒸気滅菌することにより本発明の吸着材(吸着材B)を得た。
【0029】
(吸着能の評価)
10週令のWKAH/Hkmラット(雄)の背部皮下にKDH8細胞(北海道大学提供)2×10個接種して調製した担癌ラットから血液を採取し、血清6mL(TGFβの濃度:25ng/mL)を調製した。その血清1mLに吸着材50mgを入れ、37℃で4時間振とうした。上清中のTGFβ濃度を測定して、吸着率を求めたところ、吸着材Aが82%、吸着材aが83%、吸着材Bが21%および吸着材bが20%であった。なお、TGFβ濃度はゼンザイム・テクネ社のヒトTGFβ免疫分析キットを使用して求めた。吸着率の計算は、100×{(吸着前の血清中のTGFβ濃度)−(吸着後の血清中のTGFβ濃度)}/(吸着前の血清中のTGFβ濃度)、を計算することより行った。
【0030】
実施例1および実施例2から蒸気滅菌してもTGFβ吸着率に変化がないことが分かる。実施例1と2との比較から第4級アンモニウム基が高いTGFβ吸着率を示すことが分かる。また、実施例1および2は蒸気滅菌されており、健康上、安全上の問題がなく体外循環できる。
【0031】
【表1】

Figure 2004248950
【0032】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、免疫抑制物質を安全に、効率よく吸着除去することが可能となり、癌の患者の治療に有用である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides an adsorbent and an extracorporeal circulation for removing immunosuppressive substances such as TGFβ, immunosuppressive acidic protein, and PGE2, which, when present in excess in blood, significantly reduce immunity and promote cancer formation. For columns.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Even in today's advanced medicine, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in Japanese. The cause is that there are cancer cells that cannot be removed by surgery in patients, and anticancer drug treatment and radiation treatment have been performed to remove them. However, since these also damage normal cells, cancer cells cannot be completely removed while maintaining the life of the patient. On the other hand, recently, cell therapy for increasing the immunity of patients and eliminating cancer with their own white blood cells has been actively attempted. The most promising is dendritic cell infusion therapy, in which a patient's dendritic cells are stimulated for cancer in vitro and then returned to the patient to induce and treat cancer-specific killer cells (CTL). However, in many cases, CTLs can be induced from blood of healthy animals but not from cancer-bearing animals at the terminal stage of cancer. In addition, even if a good result is obtained in animal experiments, in most cases, a visible effect is not obtained in clinical practice. The reason for this is considered to be the presence of substances that suppress immunity in the blood of patients.
[0003]
Representative of the immunosuppressive substances are transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), immunosuppressive acidic protein, and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2). It is considered that this substance inhibits CTL induction and function expression. TGFβ is an important substance that regulates immunity with a protein that is also present in the blood of healthy humans. However, it is thought that TGFβ abnormally increases with the progression of cancer and helps the growth of cancer cells. TGFβ is a protein having a molecular weight of about 25,000 by itself, but it is a substance that is difficult to be adsorbed and removed with a conventional adsorbent because it is present in the blood at a molecular weight of about 100,000 by binding to other proteins. Therefore, there is no known adsorbent capable of efficiently removing abnormally increased TGFβ from the blood of a cancer patient. Further, the immunosuppressive acidic protein is a protein having a molecular weight of about 50,000 and is used clinically as a marker for cancer malignancy, but is said to suppress immunity. Attempts were also made to remove it with an activated carbon column, but the therapeutic effect was not clear, probably due to insufficient adsorption capacity. Activated carbon is not suitable for applications that directly come into contact with blood, since powder is likely to come out. Although plasma exchange is theoretically effective for removing these immunosuppressive substances, there is an essential drawback that the risk of infection is unavoidable.
[0004]
Also, when the immunosuppressive substance adsorbent is used clinically, sterilization is necessary to completely remove bacteria from the surface. As the sterilization, ethylene oxide (EOG) sterilization and radiation sterilization disclosed in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-196604) are known. There is a risk of being absorbed, and radiation sterilization is not preferred because of the risk of handling radiation.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-8-196604 [0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the problems of the prior art, the present invention is generally available and can directly and selectively adsorb immunosuppressive substances such as TGFβ, immunosuppressive acidic protein and PGE2 from body fluids with high efficiency, In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide an immunosuppressive substance adsorbent capable of extracorporeal circulation without any health and safety problems, and furthermore to be useful for treating cancer.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention relates to an immunosuppressive substance adsorbent in which an amine residue is immobilized on an insoluble carrier, and which does not lose its activity even when subjected to steam sterilization.
[0008]
The present invention is also an extracorporeal circulation column filled with the above adsorbent.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail.
[0010]
The water-insoluble carrier used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is insoluble in water and can immobilize an amine, but is preferably a water-insoluble polymer.
[0011]
Specific examples of the water-insoluble polymer include poly (aromatic vinyl compound) represented by polystyrene, poly (p-phenylene ether sulfone), and-{(p-C 6 H 4 ) -C (CH 3 ) 2- ( represented by p-C 6 H 4 ) -O- (p-C 6 H 4 ) -SO 2- (p-C 6 H 4 ) -O-} n- (hereinafter abbreviated as udel polysulfone) and the like. Examples thereof include polysulfone-based polymers, polyetherimides, polyimides, polyamides, polyethers, polyphenylene sulfides, and those capable of immobilizing an amine. The reactive functional group for immobilizing the amine includes a halomethyl group, a haloacetyl group, a haloacetamidemethyl group, an active halogen group such as a halogenated alkyl group, an epoxide group, a carboxyl group, an isocyanate group, a thioisocyanate group, Acid anhydride groups and the like can be mentioned. Among them, active halogen groups, especially haloacetyl groups, are easy to produce, have moderately high reactivity, and can perform amine immobilization under mild conditions. In addition, the covalent bond generated at this time is chemically stable, which is preferable. More specific examples include chloroacetamidomethyl polystyrene, chloroacetamidomethylated Udel polysulfone, chloroacetamidomethylated polyetherimide, and the like. Furthermore, if these polymers are soluble in organic solvents, they have the advantage of being easy to mold.
[0012]
The amine residue referred to in the present invention means a state in which ammonia and tertiary amine are chemically bonded to a polymer. In the present invention, the amine serving as the base of the amine residue is preferably an amine having 18 or less carbon atoms per nitrogen atom.
[0013]
Further, among amines, tertiary amines having an alkyl group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms per nitrogen atom, particularly 4 to 14 carbon atoms are preferable, and a quaternary ammonium group obtained from these tertiary amines is preferable. The combined adsorbent is excellent. Specific examples of such tertiary amines include trimethylamine, triethylamine, N, N-dimethylhexylamine, N, N-dimethyloctylamine, N, N-dimethyllaurylamine, N-methyl-N-ethyl-hexyl. Amines and the like.
[0014]
The density of the bond of the amine residue in the present invention varies depending on the chemical structure and application of the water-insoluble polymer.If the amount is too small, the function tends not to be exhibited. Since the physical strength is deteriorated and the function as an adsorbent tends to decrease, the density is 0.01 to 2.0 mol, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 mol per repeating unit of the water-insoluble polymer. Is good. The density can be calculated by measuring the anion exchange capacity or the yield.
[0015]
It is important that the surface area of the adsorbent of the present invention is at least 0.01 square meter per gram of adsorbent, more preferably at least 0.1 square meter. However, since it cannot be infinitely large, there is a limit in practice, and 100 m2 or less is preferable. This surface area can be determined by a nitrogen gas adsorption method (BET method).
[0016]
The adsorbent of the present invention can be obtained by molding a water-insoluble polymer having an amine residue bonded thereto into a membrane, fiber, granular material, or an assembly thereof, or by forming a water-insoluble polymer having an amine residue bonded onto a membrane, fiber, or the like. It can be obtained by coating the substrate on any one of granular materials, or by bonding an amine to a molded product such as a water-insoluble polymer film or fiber.
[0017]
For the production of a water-insoluble carrier molded product having an amine residue bonded thereto, a heterogeneous reaction method in which an amine solution is brought into contact with a water-insoluble polymer molded product, and a water-insoluble polymer solution and an amine solution are used. After mixing and reacting, there is a homogeneous reaction method of molding.
[0018]
As an example of the method of the heterogeneous reaction, a molded article such as chloroacetamidomethylated polysulfone fiber or hollow fiber is immersed in an isopropanol solution such as dimethylhexylamine or polyalkyleneimine and reacted at a temperature of 0 to 100 ° C. This is easily achieved. An example of a method based on a homogeneous reaction is achieved by adding a corresponding polyamine to a solution of chloroacetamidomethylated polysulfone and reacting at a temperature of 0 to 100 ° C. The amount thereof is not particularly limited, but is preferably at least 1 mole per haloacetamide methyl group in order to obtain a soluble polymer. In particular, in the case of a polyamine, it is preferable to use a large excess of the amine in order to obtain a soluble polymer.
[0019]
Further, as a reaction solvent in both of the above methods, a highly polar solvent such as water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) has an advantage that the reaction proceeds more quickly. In the heterogeneous reaction, there is no particular limitation as long as the solvent can dissolve the amine. When the reaction is carried out in a homogeneous system, a solvent in which both the water-insoluble carrier and the amine are dissolved, specifically, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, etc. It is preferably used. In addition, a method of surface-treating a molded product is also possible. For this purpose, a solvent such as water, methanol, or ethanol that dissolves a hydrophilic amine without dissolving polysulfone is preferably used.
[0020]
When the water-insoluble carrier to which the amino residue produced by the above homogeneous reaction is bonded is coated on the surface of a molded product such as a polyester fiber, a polyamide fiber, and a polyphenylene sulfide fiber, instead of molding itself, it is simple and inexpensive. There is an advantage that a higher-order molded product having a large surface area can be obtained. The coating is easily achieved by, for example, immersing a knitted fabric or woven fabric of polyamide or the like in a solution in which a water-insoluble carrier having an amino residue bonded thereto is dissolved in a low boiling point solvent such as methylene chloride or tetrahydrofuran, and then evaporating the solvent. it can. In addition, a wet coating method in which a water-insoluble carrier having an amino residue bonded thereto is dissolved in a solvent such as N, N-dimethylformamide and the resulting solution is placed in a poor solvent for a polymer such as water can also be used. The polymer of the molded article to be coated may be any polymer having good adhesiveness with the adsorbent polymer of the present invention, such as polyamide, polyurethane, polyimide, polysulfone, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, and polyphenylene sulfide. However, amide polymers such as polyamides and polyetherimides are preferably used because they have particularly good adhesion. Further, the molded article to be coated, that is, the substrate is not limited to a fiber, a higher-order processed article of a fiber such as a woven fabric or a knitted fabric, but a film, a granular material, or the like is also preferable.
[0021]
In the above-mentioned molding and coating on the substrate, it is also preferable to use a hollow fiber as the fiber used in the form of the molded product or the substrate. In this case, since an adsorbent having a filtering function can be produced, there is an advantage that the immunosuppressive substance can be removed while being used as an artificial dialyzer or as a plasma separator.
[0022]
Steam sterilization as referred to in the present invention means that water or physiological saline is filled in a case containing the adsorbent of the present invention, or after filling, the adsorbent is taken out and placed in a sterilization bag in an autoclave or the like. Sterilization method in which heat sterilization is carried out in a device capable of sealing under pressure. Even if the adsorbent of the present invention is steam-sterilized, its activity, that is, the adsorptive ability is not lost, so that steam sterilization can be adopted as a sterilization method. The phrase "does not lose activity" in the present invention means that the decrease in the adsorption rate is within 10%.
[0023]
The adsorbent of the present invention is used for extracorporeal treatment of diseases such as cancer in a packed state for the purpose of removing immunosuppressive substances such as TGFβ, immunosuppressive acidic protein and PGE2 in blood. The column of the present invention is prepared by packing the adsorbent of the present invention in a cotton, tubular or felt shape into a cylindrical column container of an appropriate size such that the void volume is about 200 mL or less. Can be achieved. The adsorbent of the present invention can also be used for the purpose of removing immunosuppressive substances from blood, blood serum, and blood plasma for transfusion.
[0024]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to experimental examples.
<Example 1>
(Water-insoluble carrier)
A 36-island sea-island composite fiber, in which the islands were further composed of a core-sheath composite, was obtained using the following components under spinning conditions of a spinning speed of 800 m / min and a draw ratio of 3 times.
Island core component; polypropylene island sheath component; polystyrene 90%, polypropylene 10%
Sea component; composite ratio of polyethylene terephthalate obtained by copolymerizing 3% of 5-sodium sulfoisophthalic acid; core: sheath: sea = 27: 53: 20.
This sea component was dissolved in an aqueous solution of hot caustic soda to obtain a raw yarn 1 having a diameter of 4 μm as a core-sheath type polypropylene-reinforced polystyrene fiber.
[0025]
(Intermediate)
After dissolving 0.39 g of paraformaldehyde in a mixed solution of 150 mL of nitrobenzene and 98 mL of sulfuric acid at 20 ° C, the solution was cooled to 0 ° C, and 27.2 g of N-methylol-α-chloroacetamide was added and dissolved at 5 ° C or less. . 10 g of the yarn 1 prepared above was immersed in this and allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 hours. Thereafter, the fibers were removed, placed in a large excess of cold methanol and washed. The fiber was thoroughly washed with methanol and then dried to obtain 15.9 g of α-chloroacetamidomethylated polystyrene fiber (intermediate 1).
[0026]
(Amine fixation)
5 g of the above Intermediate 1 was immersed in a solution of 5 g of N, N-dimethylhexylamine and 1 g of potassium iodide in 100 mL of DMF, and heated in a bath at 85 ° C. for 3 hours. The fiber was immersed in a 1 mol / L saline solution, washed with water, washed with methanol, and vacuum-dried to obtain 7.7 g of dimethylhexylammonated polystyrene fiber (adsorbent a). Half of the fiber was immersed in physiological saline, and steam-sterilized at 120 ° C. for 20 minutes using an autoclave to obtain an adsorbent (adsorbent A) of the present invention.
<Example 2>
(Synthesis and coating of amine-bonded polymer)
After cooling a mixed solution of 16 mL of nitrobenzene and 32 mL of sulfuric acid to 0 ° C, 4.2 g of N-methylol-α-chloroacetamide was added and dissolved, and this was dissolved in a 3 L nitrobenzene solution of Udel polysulfone P3500 at 10 ° C ( (300 g / 3 L) with good stirring. Further, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. Thereafter, the reaction mixture was placed in a large excess of cold methanol to precipitate the polymer. The precipitate was thoroughly washed with methanol, dried, and reprecipitated from dimethylformamide / methanol to obtain 303 g of α-chloroacetamidomethylated polysulfone (substitution ratio: 0.05; polymer C).
[0027]
A solution prepared by dissolving 60 g of polyethyleneimine (average molecular weight: 10,000: Wako Pure Chemical Industries) in 300 mL of DMF was mixed with a 300 mL DMF solution containing 30 g of Polymer C, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. The reaction mixture was added to a large excess of saturated saline, and the precipitated polymer was collected by filtration. The polymer was washed with water, dried, and reprecipitated from dimethylformamide / methanol to prepare 26 g of N-alkylated polyalkyleneimine-immobilized polysulfone (polymer D).
[0028]
20 g of polyethylene terephthalate fiber cotton having a single yarn diameter of 3.5 μm was immersed in a solution of methylene chloride (250 mL) containing 5 g of the polymer D, and after 20 hours, the cotton was taken out, drained, air-dried, and coated with 21 g of cotton. (Adsorbent b) was obtained. Half of this cotton was immersed in physiological saline and steam sterilized at 120 ° C. for 20 minutes using an autoclave to obtain the adsorbent (adsorbent B) of the present invention.
[0029]
(Evaluation of adsorption capacity)
Blood was collected from a tumor-bearing rat prepared by inoculating 2 × 10 6 KDH8 cells (provided by Hokkaido University) subcutaneously on the back of a 10-week-old WKAH / Hkm rat (male), and 6 mL of serum (TGFβ concentration: 25 ng / mL) was prepared. 50 mg of the adsorbent was added to 1 mL of the serum and shaken at 37 ° C. for 4 hours. The TGFβ concentration in the supernatant was measured to determine the adsorption rate. As a result, adsorbent A was 82%, adsorbent a was 83%, adsorbent B was 21%, and adsorbent b was 20%. The TGFβ concentration was determined using a human TGFβ immunoassay kit from Zenzyme Techne. The adsorption rate was calculated by calculating 100 × {(TGFβ concentration in serum before adsorption) − (TGFβ concentration in serum after adsorption)} / (TGFβ concentration in serum before adsorption). .
[0030]
Examples 1 and 2 show that there is no change in the TGFβ adsorption rate even after steam sterilization. Comparison between Examples 1 and 2 shows that the quaternary ammonium group shows a high TGFβ adsorption rate. Examples 1 and 2 are steam-sterilized and can be circulated extracorporeally without any health or safety problems.
[0031]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004248950
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention enables safe and efficient adsorption and removal of immunosuppressive substances, which is useful for treating cancer patients.

Claims (10)

水不溶性担体にアミン残基を固定化した免疫抑制物質吸着材であって、蒸気滅菌しても活性を失わないことを特徴とする免疫抑制物質吸着材。An immunosuppressive substance adsorbent comprising an immobilized amine residue on a water-insoluble carrier, wherein the adsorbent does not lose its activity even after steam sterilization. アミン残基が窒素原子1個当たり炭素数3以上18以下である第4級アンモニウム基である請求項1記載の免疫抑制物質吸着材。2. The immunosuppressive substance adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the amine residue is a quaternary ammonium group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms per nitrogen atom. 免疫抑制物質がトランスフォーミング・グロウス・ファクター・ベータである請求項1または2記載の免疫抑制物質吸着材。3. The adsorbent for immunosuppressive substances according to claim 1, wherein the immunosuppressive substance is transforming growth factor beta. 水不溶性担体がポリスルホン系重合体である請求項1〜3のいずれか記載の免疫抑制物質吸着材。The immunosuppressive substance-adsorbing material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water-insoluble carrier is a polysulfone-based polymer. 水不溶性重合体がポリ(芳香族ビニル化合物)である請求項1〜3のいずれか記載の免疫抑制物質吸着材。The immunosuppressive substance-adsorbing material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water-insoluble polymer is a poly (aromatic vinyl compound). 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の免疫抑制物質吸着材を膜、繊維、粒状物またはこれらの組み立て品に成型したことを特徴とする免疫抑制物質吸着材。An immunosuppressive substance adsorbent, wherein the immunosuppressive substance adsorbent according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is formed into a film, fiber, granular material, or an assembly thereof. 請求欧1〜5のいずれかに記載の免疫抑制物質吸着材を、膜、繊維、粒状物のいずれかの表面に被覆せしめたことを特徴とする免疫抑制物質吸着材。An immunosuppressive substance adsorbent, wherein the adsorbent for immunosuppressive substance according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is coated on any surface of a membrane, a fiber, or a granular material. 請求項1〜7のいずれか記載の免疫抑制物質吸着材を充填した体外循環カラム。An extracorporeal circulation column packed with the immunosuppressive substance adsorbent according to claim 1. 請求項1〜7のいずれか記載の免疫抑制物質吸着材を充填した癌治療用体外循環カラム。An extracorporeal circulation column for cancer treatment, which is packed with the immunosuppressive substance adsorbent according to any one of claims 1 to 7. 水不溶性担体にアミン残基を固定化した後、蒸気滅菌することを特徴とする免疫抑制物質吸着材の製造方法。A method for producing an immunosuppressive substance adsorbent, comprising immobilizing an amine residue on a water-insoluble carrier, followed by steam sterilization.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007202634A (en) * 2006-01-31 2007-08-16 Toray Ind Inc Adsorption device
US8584869B2 (en) 2005-03-31 2013-11-19 Toray Industries, Inc. Absorbent and column for extracorporeal circulation
JPWO2019049962A1 (en) * 2017-09-08 2020-08-27 東レ株式会社 Immunosuppressive leukocyte adsorption material and adsorption column

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8584869B2 (en) 2005-03-31 2013-11-19 Toray Industries, Inc. Absorbent and column for extracorporeal circulation
JP2007202634A (en) * 2006-01-31 2007-08-16 Toray Ind Inc Adsorption device
JPWO2019049962A1 (en) * 2017-09-08 2020-08-27 東レ株式会社 Immunosuppressive leukocyte adsorption material and adsorption column
JP7193085B2 (en) 2017-09-08 2022-12-20 東レ株式会社 Immunosuppressive leukocyte adsorption material and adsorption column

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