JP2004248449A - Motor and hybrid drive unit - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a motor capable of instantaneously and surely stop the rotation of an output shaft. <P>SOLUTION: A stator unit 22 is fixed to a motor case 21, a rotor unit 24 is supported to the motor case 21, both ends of the output shaft 25 of the rotor unit 24 are rotatably supported to the motor case 21 along the axial direction so as to be displaceable, engagement parts 25b, 30 that can be engaged with each other are arranged at the motor case 21 of the one-end side of the output shaft 25 and the rotor 24, a coil spring 29 that is energized so as to displace the rotor unit 24 is arranged at the other-end side of the output shaft 25 so that the engagement parts 25b, 30 are engaged with each other, the rotor unit 24 is displaced against the energization of the spring coil 29 by the conduction of electricity to a stator coil 23, and thus the engagement parts 25b, 30 are released from an engaged state. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an electric motor and a hybrid drive device capable of stopping rotation of an output shaft.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, an electric motor that controls the number of revolutions of an output shaft is well known.
[0003]
In addition, among these electric motors, those that mechanically control the number of rotations are also known (for example, see Patent Document 1).
[0004]
3 and 4 show an example of such a motor that mechanically controls the rotation speed of the output shaft of the motor. FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the motor, and FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a main part.
[0005]
3, reference numeral 1 denotes a motor cover, 2 denotes a stator fixed inside the cover 1, 3 denotes a stator coil, 4 denotes a rotor, and 5 denotes an output shaft of the rotor 4.
[0006]
Bearings 14 and 15 for rotatably supporting the output shaft 5 are provided at both ends of the substantially cylindrical cover 1. A fixed brake fixing plate 12 is fixed to the inner surface of the cover 1 on the bearing 15 side.
[0007]
At the center of the fixed brake fixing plate 12, a hole 12a for passing the output shaft 5 is provided as shown in FIG. A fixed brake plate 13 provided with a hole 13a so as to be coaxial with the hole 12a is fixed to the fixed brake fixing plate 12.
[0008]
The fixed brake plate 13 is made of rubber or the like having a relatively high coefficient of friction, and the movable brake plate 9 made of a cork plate is disposed on the surface thereof.
[0009]
On the other hand, the movable suction plate 6 is supported by the rotor 4 via stopper pins 7a and 7b fitted into the lateral holes 4a and 4b so as to be displaceable along the axial direction of the output shaft 5, and the rotor 4 is described above. A movable brake plate 9 is screwed to the movable suction plate 6.
[0010]
A spring receiver 10 and a coil spring 11 are provided inside the movable suction plate 6.
[0011]
When controlling the rotation speed of the rotor 4, the movable brake plate 9 and the fixed brake plate 13 are brought into close contact with each other by the urging force of the coil spring 11, and the rotation speed of the output shaft 5 is controlled in a decreasing direction by the frictional resistance according to the degree of close contact. Finally, it can be stopped.
[0012]
When a current flows through the stator coil 3, the rotor 4 generates a magnetic flux, and the magnetic flux attracts the movable suction plate 6 to the side surface of the rotor 4, causing the movable brake plate 9 and the fixed brake plate 13 to separate from each other. 4 rotations are possible.
[0013]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-63-31442
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in the electric motor configured as described above, the rotation speed of the output shaft 5 is controlled in a decreasing direction by the frictional resistance according to the degree of close contact between the movable brake plate 9 and the fixed brake plate 13, and finally, , Gradually stop.
[0015]
Therefore, there has been a problem that it is difficult to apply the present invention to an apparatus such as a case where the rotation of the output shaft 5 is to be stopped instantaneously or a case where the rotation is to be surely stopped. Further, in a device that generates a large torque, slip occurs in the friction material.
[0016]
For example, when such an electric motor is adopted as a drive unit of a hybrid vehicle, there is a mode in which electric power is transferred between the generator and the electric motor in a hybrid vehicle during high-speed cruising for convenience of operation. Deterioration of fuel economy is regarded as a problem.
[0017]
Therefore, as such a solution, it is conceivable to mechanically lock the electric motor (motor). However, in the above-described brake system in which the rotation of the output shaft is not stopped instantaneously, the entire hybrid drive system is increased in size (each brake configuration). The size is increased by an amount corresponding to the thickness of the plates 12, 13, 9, 8, and 6). Problems such as difficulty in adoption occur.
[0018]
In addition, while driving at high speed is possible only with the direct torque of the engine, in a hybrid system such as an electric CVT, the generator must always support the reaction force from the engine. The surplus power generated by supporting this reaction force must be consumed by the motor.
[0019]
However, in order to transfer such electric power, energy is wasted by the loss of the generator / motor and each drive device, and a problem arises that fuel efficiency during high-speed cruising deteriorates. .
[0020]
An object of the present invention is to provide an electric motor capable of instantaneously and surely stopping the rotation of an output shaft in order to solve the above problem.
[0021]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the object, the electric motor of the present invention is used for a two-motor type parallel hybrid drive device which is arranged coaxially and adjacently, and stops rotation of the output shaft without the need for a power source when the one motor is restrained. When the one motor is not restrained, the rotation of the output shaft is allowed by utilizing the energy for driving the motor.
[0022]
The motor of the present invention, when allowing rotation of the output shaft by utilizing the energy for driving the motor when the one motor is not restrained, reversing the motor torque to positive or negative and then rotating the output shaft normally. Is allowed.
[0023]
The electric motor according to the present invention is characterized in that a fitting means is provided between the output shaft and the motor body, and the rotation of the output shaft is instantaneously stopped by fitting the fitting means.
[0024]
In the electric motor of the present invention, when the fitting means permits rotation of the output shaft using energy for driving the motor when the one motor is not restrained, the rotation direction is temporarily reversed to positive or negative. And the normal rotation of the output shaft is allowed after releasing the fitting state.
[0025]
The electric motor according to the present invention is characterized in that the fitting means can perform position control based on the fitting position.
[0026]
Further, in the electric motor of the present invention, the stator unit is fixed to the motor case, the rotor unit is supported by the motor case, and both ends of the output shaft of the rotor unit are rotatable by the motor case and displaceable along the axial direction. The motor case and the rotor at one end of the output shaft are provided with a fitting portion that can be fitted to each other, and the fitting portion is fitted to the other end of the output shaft. An urging member set to urge the rotor unit to be displaced is arranged, and the rotor unit is displaced against the urging of the urging member by energizing the stator coil of the stator unit, so that the fitting is performed. The fitting state of the parts is released.
[0027]
Furthermore, the hybrid drive device of the present invention is a hybrid drive device in which two motor units are arranged coaxially adjacent to an engine output shaft, wherein a stator case of the one motor unit is provided in a motor case covering the one motor unit. Is fixed, the rotor unit of the one motor unit is supported by the motor case, and the rotation of the rotor unit in consideration of the respective rotation cooperation states with the engine output shaft and the output shaft of the other motor unit. Both ends of the output shaft are supported by the motor case so as to be rotatable and displaceable along the axial direction, and a fitting portion is provided which can be fitted to the motor case and the rotor at one end of the output shaft, Displace the rotor unit so that the fitting portions are fitted to each other at the other end of the output shaft. A biasing member set in such a manner as to be biased is disposed, and when the stator coil of the stator unit is energized, the rotor unit is displaced against the biasing of the biasing member and the fitting state of the fitting portion. Is canceled.
[0028]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, an embodiment of an electric motor of the present invention is applied to a drive device for a hybrid vehicle, and will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0029]
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a main part of the hybrid drive device.
[0030]
In FIG. 2, the hybrid drive device 40 includes an engine 42 such as an internal combustion engine that operates by burning fuel, a first motor generator 44, a single pinion type planetary gear mechanism 46, and a second motor generator 48. I have.
[0031]
The planetary gear mechanism 46 mechanically combines and distributes forces, and includes a carrier 46c connected to the engine 42, a sun gear 46s connected to the rotor 44r of the first motor generator 44, and a second motor The motor includes a rotor 48r of the generator 48 and a ring gear 46r connected to a sprocket 50 as an output member, and mainly distributes power transmitted from the engine 42 to the first motor generator 44 and the sprocket 50.
[0032]
The first motor generator 44 is mainly used as a generator, and charges an electric storage device such as a battery with electric energy generated by being rotationally driven by the engine 42 via a planetary gear mechanism 46.
[0033]
The second motor generator 48 is mainly used as an electric motor, and is used alone or together with the engine 42 as a power source of a vehicle. The second motor generator 48 that requires a large torque is larger than the first motor generator 44. (Large diameter).
[0034]
The output of the engine 42 is transmitted to a planetary gear mechanism 46 via a flywheel 52 for suppressing rotation fluctuations and torque fluctuations and a damper device 54 made of an elastic member such as a spring or rubber.
[0035]
The sprocket 50 is connected via a chain 62 to a driven sprocket 60 provided on an intermediate shaft 58 constituting a speed reduction mechanism.
[0036]
The speed reduction mechanism transmits power to a differential device (disposed below in the figure) via a speed reduction gear 66 to distribute the power to left and right drive wheels (not shown).
[0037]
The engine 42, the flywheel 52, the damper device 54, the first motor generator 44, the sprocket 50, the planetary gear mechanism 46, and the second motor generator 48 are arranged axially on the first axis O1 in this order and are adjacent to each other. It is arranged. That is, the sprocket 50 is disposed adjacent to the planetary gear mechanism 46 on the opposite side to the second motor generator 48, and the first motor generator 44 is disposed adjacent to the sprocket 50 on the opposite side to the planetary gear mechanism 46, The engine 42 is disposed on the opposite side of the sprocket 50 with respect to the first motor generator 44.
[0038]
The sun gear 46 s of the planetary gear mechanism 46 is integrally provided with a cylindrical shaft portion 82. The shaft portion 82 is inserted through the inner peripheral portion of the sprocket 50 so as to be relatively rotatable. Spline fit so that relative rotation is impossible. Further, an input shaft 84 is disposed so as to be rotatable relative to the shaft 82 and the shaft of the rotor 44r, and an inner peripheral member of the damper device 54 is rotatably mounted at an end on the first motor generator 44 side. A plurality of planetary gears 46p (only one is shown) meshed with both the sun gear 46s and the ring gear 46r are provided integrally with the carrier 46c of the planetary gear mechanism 46 at the other end. Each is rotatably supported.
[0039]
The shaft 82 functions as a connection shaft that connects the planetary gear mechanism 46 and the first motor generator 44.
[0040]
The outer peripheral member of the damper device 54 is integrally fixed to the flywheel 52. The flywheel 52 is integrally fixed to a crankshaft 86 of the engine 42. Further, the flywheel 52 is disposed close to the first motor generator 44, and the damper device 54 is disposed in a space on the inner peripheral side of the stator coil 88 protruding from the end of the first motor generator 44. ing. The planetary gear mechanism 46 is disposed in a space on the inner peripheral side of the stator coil 90 protruding from an end of the second motor generator 48 having a large diameter, and the first motor generator 44 and the second motor generator 48 are arranged. There is only a gap between the two that allows the chain 62 to pass through. The crankshaft 86 corresponds to the output shaft of the engine 42.
[0041]
Between the damper device 54 and the first motor generator 44, a first partition 98 provided integrally with a first case member 96 fixed integrally to the engine 42 is provided. A second partition (motor cover) 100 is integrally fixed to the first case member 96, and a rotor 44r and a stator 44s of the first motor generator 44 are provided in a motor space 102 formed therebetween. Etc. are accommodated. Inside the second partition 100, that is, inside the motor space 102, a resolver 104 is provided as rotation detection means in a space on the inner peripheral side of the stator coil 88, and a support member 106 is provided outside the partition 100. The sprocket 50 is integrally fixed and supports the sprocket 50 via a needle bearing so as to be rotatable around the axis. The sprocket 50 is spline-fitted to the ring gear 46r of the planetary gear mechanism 46 so as to be relatively non-rotatable, and can be easily assembled.
[0042]
The support member 106 is rotatably fitted to the shaft portion 82 of the sun gear 46s, a lubricating oil path to the planetary gear mechanism 46 and the like is formed in the support member 106, and the input shaft 84 A lubricating oil passage is formed.
[0043]
The stator 44s of the first motor generator 44 is integrally fixed to the first case member 96, and the rotor 44r is rotatably supported around the axis by a pair of ball bearings 98 and 100 via a pair of ball bearings. Independently, motor performance (including performance as a generator) can be inspected.
[0044]
The space between the first partition 98 and the rotor 44r, and the space between the support member 106 integrally fixed to the second partition 98 and the rotor 44r are sealed in a liquid-tight manner by an oil seal, respectively. Lubricating oil and the like cannot enter inside. Further, the space between the first partition wall 98 and the input shaft 84 is also liquid-tightly sealed by an oil seal, and the lubricating oil supplied between the input shaft 84 and the rotor 44r or the shaft 82 leaks out. Is preventing that.
[0045]
A second case member 110 integrally provided with a third partition 108 is integrally fixed to the first case member 96, and constitutes the planetary gear mechanism 46, the sprocket 50, and the speed reduction mechanism. An accommodation space 112 for accommodating the intermediate shaft 58 and the like is formed between the first case member 96, the second partition wall 100, and the second case member 110. The housing space 112 is filled with a predetermined amount of lubricating oil, and lubricates the meshing portion and the bearing portion of the gear by an oil bath method. The space between the differential and the second case member 110 and the first case member 96 is sealed in a liquid-tight manner by an oil seal, so that leakage of the lubricating oil from the housing space 112 is prevented.
[0046]
The third partition 108 is disposed between the planetary gear mechanism 46 and the second motor generator 48, and the third case member 114 is integrally fixed to the second case member 110, whereby the third partition 108 is fixed. A motor space 116 for accommodating the rotor 48r and the stator 48s of the two-motor generator 48 is formed. In the third case member 114, a resolver 118 is provided as a rotation detecting means in a space on the inner peripheral side of the stator coil 90. The stator 48s of the second motor generator 48 is integrally fixed to the third case member 114, and the rotor 48r is connected to the third partition 108 and the third case member 114 via a pair of ball bearings. It is rotatably supported around and can independently inspect motor performance (including performance as a generator). The oil seal seals the space between the rotor 48r and the third partition 108 in a liquid-tight manner so that the lubricating oil in the storage space 112 cannot enter the motor space 116, and the rotor 48r protrudes from the partition 108. The ring gear 46r of the planetary gear mechanism 46 is spline-fitted to the end of the ring gear so that it cannot rotate relatively. The input shaft 84 is supported by the rotor 48r and the rotor 44r so as to be relatively rotatable around the axis. The input shaft 84 is formed with a lubricating oil passage for guiding lubricating oil to a support portion and the like in the axial direction and the radial direction. I have.
[0047]
On the other hand, the operation state of the engine 42 is controlled by controlling the throttle valve opening, the fuel injection amount, the ignition timing, and the like by a controller (not shown).
[0048]
Each of the first motor generator 44 and the second motor generator 48 is connected to a battery (not shown) via a controller (not shown). And the charging state in which the battery functions as a generator by regenerative braking (electric braking torque of the motor generator itself) to charge the battery with electric energy, and that the rotors 44r and 48r rotate freely. The state is switched to an allowable no-load state.
[0049]
The controller includes various kinds of information necessary for switching each control in accordance with the driving state, for example, information regarding an accelerator operation amount and a vehicle speed, a battery storage amount, presence or absence of a brake operation, a shift lever operation range, and the like. It is supplied from a detecting means or the like. The controller includes a microcomputer having a CPU, a RAM, a ROM, and the like, and performs signal processing according to a preset program.
[0050]
For example, the first motor generator 44 is set in a no-load state and the second motor generator 48 is driven to rotate, and the vehicle travels using only the second motor generator 48 as a power source (motor traveling).
[0051]
Further, the first motor generator 44 is caused to function as a generator, the second motor generator 48 is set in a no-load state, and the battery is charged by the first motor generator 44 while traveling using only the engine 42 as a power source (charging traveling).
[0052]
Further, the first motor generator 44 functions as a generator, and the battery is charged by the first motor generator 44 while traveling using the engine 42 and the second motor generator 48 as power sources (engine / motor traveling).
[0053]
In addition, the second motor generator 48 is made to function as a generator to perform regenerative braking (eg, regenerative braking control) during a brake operation while the vehicle is running.
[0054]
Further, when the vehicle is stopped, the first motor generator 44 functions as a generator and the engine 42 is operated, and the battery is charged exclusively by the first motor generator 44 (charging control).
[0055]
Next, when the first motor generator 44 is in a no-load state, when the first motor generator 44 functions as a generator when the vehicle is stopped, and when the vehicle is switched to running, the first generator 44 is turned off. In the case of the load state, in addition to the above, in consideration of the case where the rotation of the first generator 44 is turned on / off depending on the speed such as high-speed running or cruising running, etc., only the principle components of the output shaft speed control are illustrated. Description will be given based on FIG. 1 which is a cross-sectional view of the electric motor.
[0056]
FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of the motor in a state where rotation of the output shaft is permitted, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the motor in a state where rotation of the output shaft is stopped.
[0057]
In FIG. 1, 21 is a motor case, 22 is a stator unit fixed inside the motor case 21, 23 is a stator coil of the stator unit 22, 24 is a rotor unit, and 25 is an output shaft of the rotor unit 24.
[0058]
Bearings 26 and 27 that support the output shaft 25 so as to be rotatable and displaceable along the axial direction are provided at both ends of the substantially cylindrical motor case 21. On the inner surface of the motor case 21 on the bearing 26 side, there is disposed a coil spring 29 one end of which is in elastic contact with a contact piece member 28 held rotatably on the output shaft 25. Further, on the bearing 27 side of the motor case 21, a fixed side fitting portion 30 made of spline processing or the like is provided on the inner peripheral surface.
[0059]
On the bearing 27 side of the output shaft 25, a flange 25a is provided so as to sandwich the rotor core 31 with the contact piece member 28, and the outer periphery of the flange 25a is fitted with the fixed side fitting portion 30. A movable side fitting portion 25b formed by possible spline processing or the like is formed.
[0060]
The coil spring 29 normally urges the rotor unit 24 toward the other end.
[0061]
In such a configuration, when the coil 23 is energized, as shown in FIG. 1A, the fitting portions 25b and 30 are separated from each other, and the rotation of the rotor unit 24 is allowed.
[0062]
On the other hand, in a state in which the power supply to the coil 23 is stopped, as shown in FIG. 1B, the rotor unit 24 is displaced toward the fixed side fitting portion 30 by the bias of the coil spring 29, and The fitting portions 25b and 30 are fitted together and the rotation of the rotor unit 24 is stopped.
[0063]
On the other hand, when the energization of the coil 23 is started again from this stopped state, the generation of the magnetic field causes the rotor unit 24 to be displaced toward the bearing 26 against the urging of the coil spring 29, and The fitted state of 25b, 30 is released, and the rotation of rotor unit 24 is allowed again.
[0064]
When the rotation of the rotor unit 24 is resumed, the current flowing through the coil 23 is slightly reversed in the forward and reverse directions by temporarily reversing the current flowing in the positive and negative directions, so that the engagement between the fitting portions 25b and 30 facilitates the so-called biting. Will be released. Also, mechanical means such as dithering may be used. Further, in order to release the bite, first, only the magnetizing current component may be supplied, and the torque current may be supplied when the lock is released.
[0065]
By the way, it is natural that the bite release is performed in consideration of the urging force of the coil spring 29. When reversing the sign of the torque, the flux linkage is constant during the reversal (Ld · Id + ψmag = const). ) (Securing the lowest linkage flux (Ld · Id + ψmag ≧ φmin) that exceeds the spring force).
[0066]
Further, by forming a taper or the like at the opposite end (at least one) of each of the fitting portions 25b and 30, the fitting by the bias of the coil spring 29 can be performed smoothly.
[0067]
It should be noted that such smooth fitting can be easily realized by performing electrical positioning detection as in a pulse motor or the like.
[0068]
In order to apply the configuration shown in FIG. 1 to the first motor generator 44 shown in FIG. 2, the output shaft 25 is applied to the rotor 44r, and the rotor 44r is moved along the axial direction so as to avoid the resolver 104. It can be easily realized by making it possible to be displaced (consideration of cooperation with other shafts and the like) and providing the fitting portions 25b and 30 on the rotor 44r and the second partition 100.
[0069]
【The invention's effect】
According to the electric motor of the present invention, with the configuration described above, the rotation of the output shaft can be instantaneously and reliably stopped.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1A and 1B show a motor according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of the motor in a state where rotation of an output shaft is allowed, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the motor in a state where rotation of the output shaft is stopped.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a main part of the hybrid drive device.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional motor that mechanically controls the rotation speed of an output shaft in the motor.
FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a main part of a conventional motor that mechanically controls the rotation speed of an output shaft in the motor.
[Explanation of symbols]
Reference Signs List 21 motor case, 22 stator unit, 23 stator coil, 24 rotor unit, 25 output shaft, 25b movable-side fitting portion, 30 fixed-side fitting portion.

Claims (7)

It is used for a two-motor type parallel hybrid drive unit that is coaxially arranged adjacently, and when the one motor is restrained, a power source is unnecessary and the rotation of the output shaft is stopped. When the one motor is not restrained, the energy for driving the motor is used. An electric motor characterized in that rotation of an output shaft is allowed by using a motor. When the rotation of the output shaft is allowed using the energy for driving the motor when the one motor is not restrained, the normal rotation of the output shaft is allowed after reversing the motor torque to positive or negative. The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein a fitting means is provided between the output shaft and the motor body, and the rotation of the output shaft is instantaneously stopped by fitting the fitting means. The fitting means temporarily reverses the direction of rotation of the output shaft to allow rotation of the output shaft using energy for driving the motor when the one motor is not restrained, thereby changing the fitting state. The electric motor according to claim 3, wherein normal rotation of the output shaft is allowed after the release. The electric motor according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the fitting means enables position control based on the fitting position. A stator unit is fixed to a motor case, a rotor unit is supported by the motor case, and both ends of an output shaft of the rotor unit are supported by the motor case so as to be rotatable and displaceable along an axial direction, and one end of the output shaft is provided. The motor case and the rotor are provided with a fitting portion that can be fitted to each other, and attached to the other end of the output shaft so as to displace the rotor unit so that the fitting portion fits with each other. An energized urging member is disposed, and by energizing the stator coil of the stator unit, the rotor unit is displaced against the urging of the urging member to release the fitted state of the fitting portion. An electric motor characterized in that: In a hybrid drive device in which two motor units are arranged coaxially adjacent to an engine output shaft,
A stator unit of the one motor unit is fixed to a motor case covering the one motor unit, a rotor unit of the one motor unit is supported by the motor case, and an output of the engine output shaft and an output of the other motor unit are provided. Both ends of the output shaft of the rotor unit are supported by the motor case so as to be rotatable and displaceable along the axial direction in consideration of the respective rotational cooperation states with the shaft, and the motor case at one end of the output shaft is provided. A fitting portion is provided on the other end of the output shaft, the fitting portion being biased to displace the rotor unit so that the fitting portion fits on the other end of the output shaft. A biasing member is disposed, and the rotor unit is pressed against the biasing of the biasing member by energizing the stator coil of the stator unit. There hybrid drive unit, wherein a fitted state of the fitting portion is displaced is released.

Images