JP2004239801A - Method for screening abnormal contraction of smooth muscle and diagnosis kit - Google Patents

Method for screening abnormal contraction of smooth muscle and diagnosis kit Download PDF

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JP2004239801A
JP2004239801A JP2003030423A JP2003030423A JP2004239801A JP 2004239801 A JP2004239801 A JP 2004239801A JP 2003030423 A JP2003030423 A JP 2003030423A JP 2003030423 A JP2003030423 A JP 2003030423A JP 2004239801 A JP2004239801 A JP 2004239801A
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smooth muscle
contraction
abnormal
spc
level
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JP4204877B2 (en
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Makoto Kobayashi
誠 小林
Takuo Ogiwara
琢男 荻原
Yasunobu Yumiya
康伸 弓矢
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BIOPHENIX KK
Mochida Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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BIOPHENIX KK
Mochida Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for screening abnormal contraction of a smooth muscle and a diagnosis kit, which have high reliability, are simple, and are utilized, as a superior bio-marker, for early determination of the disease due to the abnormal contraction of the smooth muscle, a prognosis prediction, a relapse prediction, measurement on the critical degree, and the confirmation of the function of a medicine or a food for preventing a disease due to the abnormal contraction of the smooth muscle, or an indicator of the evaluation of the medicine or the food, by measuring the level of a sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) in a body tissue or a body fluid, independently of the serum total cholesterol value. <P>SOLUTION: In the method for screening the abnormal contraction of smooth muscle and the diagnosis kit, the abnormal contraction of the smooth muscle is evaluated, by measuring the level of the SPC in the body tissue or the body fluid, or preferably by measuring only the level of the SPC, independently of the rise and fall of the serum total cholesterol value in the body tissue or the body fluid. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、平滑筋異常収縮のスクリーニング方法及び診断キットに関し、特に体組織や体液中のスフィンゴシルフォスフォリルコリン(以下SPCと略称する)のレベルを測定して、平滑筋異常収縮の発症を高精度で判断し、これにより平滑筋異常収縮に基づく疾患の早期検出、予後予測、重篤度の測定、医学的治療に伴う平滑筋異常収縮の経過の評価方法、並びに平滑筋異常収縮に起因する疾患を予防するための医薬品や食品機能の確認若しくは医薬品や食品評価の指標等に有効に適用される平滑筋異常収縮のスクリーニング方法及び平滑筋異常収縮を高い信頼性で診断することができる診断キットに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
平滑筋収縮には、細胞質カルシウムイオン(Ca2+)濃度の上昇の程度に依存した強度で収縮が惹起される、Ca2+濃度依存性の正常な生理的平滑筋収縮が存在する一方で、かかる細胞質中のCa2+濃度の上昇の程度以上の収縮またはCa2+濃度に依存しない収縮、即ちCa2+濃度非依存性収縮が存在する。
【0003】
後者のCa2+濃度非依存性収縮は、平滑筋異常収縮を意味し、かかる平滑筋異常収縮は、一部の血管収縮物質により平滑筋細胞膜のG蛋白質(GTP結合性蛋白質)を介して平滑筋のCa2+感受性が増強され、細胞質Ca2+濃度の上昇以上の収縮あるいはCa2+非依存的な収縮が惹起されたものである。
詳細には、Ca2+非依存性の平滑筋異常収縮に関わる因子として、Rho−キナーゼが知られており(J.Biol.Chem.272,12257−12260,1997)、平滑筋異常収縮は、平滑筋細胞のG蛋白質の1つであるRhoAにより活性化されるRho−キナーゼ(蛋白質リン酸化酵素)情報伝達系を介する、いわゆる病的な異常収縮である。
【0004】
一方、平滑筋収縮による血流不全に起因する疾患としては、血管平滑筋に関しては、例えば脳血管攣縮(攣縮はスパズムとも称される)、冠血管攣縮、肺血管攣縮、手指血管攣縮、腸間膜動脈攣縮、高血圧症等が、また、眼血管に関しては、視野狭窄および暗黒視症等が知られている。
また、消化器平滑筋収縮に関しては、食道痙攣、胃痙攣、腸管運動亢進に基づく下痢または腹痛、痙攣性イレウスあるいは腹部アンギナ等が、また、呼吸器平滑筋収縮に関しては呼吸困難あるいは気管支喘息等の呼吸器疾患が知られている。
【0005】
更に、子宮平滑筋収縮においては、切迫早産や流産が、膀胱平滑筋収縮に関しては尿失禁などの排尿障害が知られている。
これらの疾患の平滑筋収縮の一部には、病的な状態でのみ惹起される平滑筋異常収縮が含まれていると考えられている。
【0006】
これらの疾患の診断や治療においては、臨床症状に加えてX線、CTスキャナー、MRI、エコーなどの医療機器での診断が主になされているが、平滑筋の異常収縮の強度を特異的マーカーを用いて、組織や体液(血液、髄液、尿、涙、唾液、汗、気道分泌液、喀痰、膣分泌液、羊水等)により簡易に測定し、早期発見や診断、予後の改善に利用することは行われていない。
【0007】
近年、増加している疾患である動脈硬化も、平滑筋異常収縮との関連性が指摘されている疾患であり、動脈硬化が原因で惹起される心疾患や脳卒中は、癌を上回る死亡率を呈している。
動脈硬化は、高血清総コレステロール、高血圧、喫煙、糖尿病、肥満、ストレス、運動不足がリスク因子として知られているが、これらの因子中、高血清総コレステロールが動脈硬化による冠動脈疾患の主要なリスク因子と考えられている。
【0008】
しかし、動脈硬化の原因であるプラークの形成と、動脈破裂は必ずしも血清総コレステロール値とは相関せず、動脈攣縮が急性冠動脈疾患と強く関連することから、動脈平滑筋異常収縮が動脈硬化と関連することが指摘されている(J.Cardio.33:9−16,1999)。
【0009】
また、狭心症や心臓発作を発症した経験の在る患者の半数は、血清総コレステロールの値には問題がないと判断されている。
従って、従来の検査では血清総コレステロール値が問題でなければ、上記疾患リスクが潜在していても、早期発見や早期治療を受けることができない問題点が存在する。
【0010】
一方、スタチン等の脂質低下薬は、血清総コレステロール値の低下を指標に将来の冠動脈疾患のリスク軽減を期待して治療がなされている。しかし、これら疾患の病態の一つと考えられる平滑筋異常収縮の強度を測定し、治療薬の選択や治療効果の判断等に利用することは行われていない。
【0011】
また、スフィンゴ脂質は細胞移動、増殖、アポトーシス、分化、生存などにおける細胞内シグナル伝達分子として重要な役割を担っていることが知られている(FASEB J.10,1388−1397,1996,FEBS Lett.410,34−38,1997)。
かかるスフィンゴ脂質の一つであるSPCは血中にも存在し、疾患との関連性においては、心臓虚血および心臓低酸素症からなる心不全との関連性(特表2002−504999)や心機能との関連性が報告されている(Biochem.J.355,189−197,2001)。
しかし、これらの公知文献においてはSPCとヒト平滑筋異常収縮との関連性や、平滑筋異常収縮に起因する疾患との関連性については具体的には記載されていない。
【0012】
また、最近、Srcファミリープロテインチロシンキナーゼの一つであるFynが、SPC−Rho−キナーゼの下流側因子として平滑筋異常収縮に何らかの関連性があることが開示されている(Circ.Res.91,953−960,2002)。
【0013】
さらに、国民の健康や病気予防に対する関心が高まるにつれて、食品が有する疾患予防や改善等の効能への関心が広がっている。疾患の評価に替わるバイオマーカーによる食品機能の解明は、より効果的な疾患予防食品(機能性食品)の開発に繋がることが期待されている。
これまで、心疾患や脳疾患など循環器系疾患のリスク低減のための機能性食品に関するバイオマーカーとしては、血清総コレステロール値が利用されている。
【0014】
しかし、血清総コレステロール値はリスク因子の一つであるが、循環器系疾患の臨床的事象を直接反映するリスク因子ではなく、疾患予防食品の開発に際しては、循環器系疾患の臨床的事象と直接関連したバイオマーカーが強く切望されている。
【0015】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明の目的は、血清総コレステロール値とは関係なく、体組織または体液中のSPCのレベルを測定することによりSPCの存在を明らかにし、これにより平滑筋異常収縮に起因する疾患例えば、循環器疾患、消化器疾患、呼吸器疾患、生殖器疾患および泌尿器疾患の早期判断、予後予測、再発の予測、重篤度の測定、更には平滑筋異常収縮に起因する疾患予防のための医薬品や食品機能の確認若しくは医薬品や食品評価の指標等の優れたバイオマーカーとして利用することができる、信頼性が高くかつ簡便な、平滑筋異常収縮のスクリーニング方法を提供することである。
【0016】
また本発明の他の目的は、冠動脈疾患や脳梗塞のリスクとして知られている血清総コレステロール値とSPCとの関連性を明らかにし、血清総コレステロール値が高いヒトのみならず、血清総コレステロール値が正常のヒトに対しても、SPCがそれら疾患のリスクと成り得るかを検証し、SPC測定の意義を明らかにし、このことにより、血清総コレステロール値の高低に拘わらず、それら疾患の兆候を発症していないヒトに対して、疾患の早期発見が可能となり、早期治療・予防が実現できる、平滑筋異常収縮のスクリーニング方法を提供することである。
【0017】
更には、本発明の他の目的は、平滑筋の異常収縮の強度を把握し、患者毎の異常収縮の強度に適した医薬品の選択や治療効果を測定する、平滑筋異常収縮のスクリーニング方法を提供することにある。このことにより、患者毎の平滑筋異常収縮の強度に応じて、効果的な医薬品を選択し、効果をモニターすることができるテーラーメイド医療を提供することができる。
【0018】
更に本発明の他の目的は、従来の平滑筋異常収縮のための測定対象に代わる新しい測定対象であるSPCを測定して上記平滑筋異常収縮のスクリーニングを高い精度で診断できる診断用キットを提供することである。
【0019】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、SPCと平滑筋異常収縮との関連性を鋭意研究した結果、体組織または体液中に存在するSPCの存在が、血清総コレステロール値の高低に拘わらず、平滑筋異常収縮に深く関与していることを見出し、本発明に到達した。また、本発明者らは、SPCが冠動脈疾患のリスクと成り得ること、高脂血症治療薬の種類により、また個々の症例でSPCによる平滑筋異常収縮の改善効果が異なること、くも膜下出血患者の脳髄液中にSPC濃度が高いという、これまでまったく知られていない知見に基づき、本発明に到達した。
【0020】
本発明の平滑筋異常収縮のスクリーニング方法は、体組織または体液中のSPCのレベルを測定することを特徴とし、好適には、前記スクリーニング方法において、体組織または体液中のコレステロールのレベル値の高低に拘わらず、SPCのみのレベルを測定して平滑筋異常収縮を評価することを特徴とする。
【0021】
好適には、上記本発明のスクリーニング方法において、平滑筋は、血管平滑筋、消化器平滑筋、呼吸器平滑筋、子宮平滑筋および膀胱平滑筋からなる群より選ばれることを特徴とする。
また、更に好適には、上記本発明のスクリーニング方法において、測定されたSPCのレベルが血清総コレステロール値に拘わらず、冠動脈疾患や脳梗塞の危険度を示すことを特徴とする。
【0022】
本発明の他の平滑筋異常収縮のスクリーニング方法は、上記本発明の平滑筋異常収縮のスクリーニング方法におけるスフィンゴシルフォスフォリルコリンの代わりにFynのレベルを測定することを特徴とする。
【0023】
本発明の診断キットは、体組織または体液中のSPCのレベルを測定して平滑筋異常収縮を高精度で診断できることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の他の診断キットは、前記本発明の診断キットにおけるスフィンゴシルフォスフォリルコリンの代わりにFynのレベルを測定して平滑筋異常収縮を診断することを特徴とする。
【0024】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明を好適例を用いて、以下に説明するが、これらに限定されるものではない。
本発明の平滑筋異常収縮のスクリーニング方法は、体組織または体液中のSPCのレベルを測定するものである。
即ち、本発明の平滑筋異常収縮のスクリーニング方法は、SPCを測定することにより、平滑筋異常収縮、特にヒト平滑筋異常収縮による疾患の早期検出、予後予測、重篤度の測定、および治療に伴う平滑筋異常収縮経過の評価のための方法であり、また、SPCの存在および量が血清総コレステロール値に拘わらず、冠動脈疾患や脳梗塞のリスクを表示するための方法であり、さらには、SPCを測定することを特徴とするヒト平滑筋異常収縮に起因する疾患予防のための医薬品や食品機能の確認若しくは医薬品や食品評価の指標に利用できる方法である。
【0025】
本発明が適用される平滑筋とは、平滑筋であれば臓器あるいは部位等に関わらず全てを含み、特に血管平滑筋、消化器平滑筋、呼吸器平滑筋、子宮平滑筋および膀胱平滑筋等が例示される。
【0026】
本発明のスクリーニング方法においては、体組織や体液を採取して、かかる体組織または体液中のSPCを測定するものであり、具体的には、体組織としては、血管壁等の臓器組織や体細胞等が、また体液としては、血液、髄液、唾液、尿あるいは汗等が使用できるが、これらに限定されるものではなく、全ての体組織や体液を好適に使用することができる。
【0027】
その測定方法は、好ましくはキットを用いて測定され、一般的には、酵素アッセイ、イムノアッセイ、分光法、質量分析法あるいは表面プラスモン共鳴などにより間接的あるいは直接的に測定することができる。
更には、SPCは細胞膜の成分であるsphingomyelinからN−脱アシル化により生成するため、sphingomyelin特異的N−脱アシル化酵素を用いて酵素的に測定することも可能である。
即ち、本発明においては、SPCが他のスフィンゴシンと識別されて特異的に測定できることが重要あり、そのことが可能であればいずれの方法を用いてもかまわない。
【0028】
また、本発明の診断キットは、従来の平滑筋異常収縮のための測定対象であるコレステロールに代わる新しい測定対象であるSPCを上記手段により測定して、具体的にはSPCが他のスフィンゴシンと識別されて特異的に測定されて、上記平滑筋異常収縮のスクリーニングを実施できるものであり、極めて高い精度で平滑筋異常収縮が診断できるものである。
【0029】
本発明においては、体液または体組織中のSPCそれ自体のレベルを測定することにより、またはSPCの存在を測定することにより、血清総コレステロール値が高いか否かに拘わらず、平滑筋異常収縮、例えば冠動脈疾患のリスクがあることを早期に診断できる。
【0030】
本発明においては、血清総コレステロール値が正常値(220mg/dl以下)であっても、SPCによる平滑筋異常収縮を発症したり、血清総コレステロール値が高値(220mg/dl以上)にも拘わらず、治療の種類によっては平滑筋異常収縮が発症されないことが後述する実施例により明らかとなり、従って冠動脈疾患のリスクを予測するためには、血清総コレステロール値の高低に拘わらず、SPCを個別に測定することのみで、平滑筋異常収縮のスクリーニングが精度良くできるものである。
また、SPCのレベルと平滑筋異常収縮との関係は、SPCのレベル量が高い値ほど平滑筋異常収縮との関係が深くなる。
【0031】
従って、血清総コレステロール値の高低に拘わらず、SPCレベルを測定することにより、冠動脈疾患や脳梗塞のリスクを表示することができる。また、くも膜下出血患者は手術による止血後、ほとんどの症例において広範な脳血管の攣縮が起こり、致死的となることを予測、経過観察することも可能となる。
【0032】
このように、体組織あるいは体液中に存在するSPCは、平滑筋異常収縮に起因する疾患のバイオマーカーとして有効に機能し、SPCが循環器疾患の臨床的事象と直接関連するバイオマーカーとして機能できるものである。
【0033】
従って、疾患に罹るか罹らないかを直接確認しなくとも、平滑筋収縮による疾患としての、例えば脳血管攣縮(攣縮はスパズムとも称される)、冠血管攣縮、肺血管攣縮、手指血管攣縮、腸間膜動脈攣縮、高血圧症等、視野狭窄および暗黒視症、食道痙攣、胃痙攣、腸管運動亢進に基づく下痢または腹痛、痙攣性イレウスあるいは腹部アンギナ、呼吸困難あるいは気管支喘息等の呼吸器疾患、切迫早産や流産、尿失禁などの排尿障害等の疾患の、早期検出、予後予測、重篤度の測定、および治療に伴う平滑筋異常収縮経過の評価のために使用することができる。
【0034】
更には、SPCが、平滑筋異常収縮に起因する疾患の予防のための医薬品や食品機能の確認または評価の指標に利用することができ、医薬品や機能性食品開発において、開発期間を短縮すること及びコスト削減に貢献することが可能となる。
【0035】
また、SPCと同様に平滑筋異常収縮のスクリーニング方法並びに診断キット、更には平滑筋異常収縮に起因する疾患の予防のための医薬品や食品機能の確認若しくは医薬品や食品評価の指標等にFynを用いることも可能である。
【0036】
(実施例)
以下に、本発明を実施例及び試験例により詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものでない。
実施例1)SPCと冠動脈疾患リスクとの関係
消化器癌手術の際、患者から摘出した胃腸及びこれらの周囲組織から腸間膜動脈を分離した。この分離した動脈血管の周辺組織および内皮を除去して、血管標本(幅1mm、長さ5mm)を採取した。
【0037】
当該血管標本を、95容量%O−5容量%CO混合ガスの通気下で、温度37℃のKrebs−HEPES緩衝液(Na 137.4mM、K 5.9mM、Ca2+ 1.2mM、Mg2+ 1.2mM、Cl 148.1mM、グルコース 11.5mM、HEPES 11.6mM(pH7.3))が充填されたマグヌス管に懸垂し、張力トランスジューサー(商品名 TB−612T;日本光電社製)を用いて等尺性張力を測定した。
【0038】
まず、前記マグヌス管にK118mMを添加して、血管標本に脱分極を起させ、これにより発生したCa2+依存性の収縮時の張力を測定し、これを正常収縮とした。
【0039】
一方、異常収縮の張力の測定は、前記マグヌス管に更にSPCを30μM添加して測定した張力を、異常収縮の張力とした。
当該異常収縮の張力値を、K118mMを添加して測定した前記張力の大きさ(100%)に対する相対値として、図1に表示した。
また、患者の血清総コレステロール値、LDL(低比重リポ蛋白)コレステロール値およびHDL(高比重リポ蛋白)コレステロール値は術前において予め測定し、SPCによる腸管膜動脈の平滑筋異常収縮のかかる相対張力とこれらの関係を図1に表した。
【0040】
その結果、図1に示すように、SPCによる腸管膜動脈の平滑筋異常収縮の張力は、血清総コレステロール値およびLDLコレステロール値と相関したが(図1a、b)、HDLコレステロール値とは逆相関した(図1c)。
従って、血清総コレステロール値およびLDLコレステロール値が、SPCによる腸管膜動脈の平滑筋異常収縮の張力に影響を及ぼしたことと考察される。
【0041】
ここで、SPCによるヒト腸管膜動脈の平滑筋異常収縮の張力と血清総コレステロール値およびLDLコレステロール値の相関は、血清総コレステロール値と冠動脈疾患相対危険率(日本動脈硬化学会;J Atheroscler Thromb.9,1−27,2002)との相関として公知のJ−カーブ(図1d)の形状に類似するものである。
【0042】
なお、SPCによる平滑筋異常収縮と喫煙、糖尿病、高血圧のリスク因子との関連性は認められなかった。
従って、SPCによる腸管膜動脈の平滑筋異常収縮は、血清総コレステロールにより活性化されて、血管攣縮を誘引すると考えられ、SPCが冠動脈疾患の新たなリスク因子であることが明らかとなった。
【0043】
個々の症例について観察すると、血清総コレステロール値が正常値(220mg/dl以下)の症例についても、SPCによる平滑筋異常収縮の張力の値が高い値を示す症例や、血清総コレステロール値が高値(220mg/dl以上)にも拘わらず、平滑筋異常収縮の張力が低い症例(図1a)が観察される等、冠動脈疾患のリスクを予測するためには、血清総コレステロール値の高低に拘わらず、SPCを個別に測定することにより判断できることが明らかとなった。
【0044】
(実施例2)高脂血症治療薬の選定並びに治療効果評価へのSPC測定の有用性
消化器癌患者において、高脂血症治療薬(HMG−CoA阻害剤)又はEPAを投与して、投与前(それぞれ図2中の△、□)及び投与後(それぞれ図2中の▲、■)の腸管膜動脈に関し、実施例1と同様にして、SPCに依る平滑筋異常収縮の張力の大きさと血清総コレステロール値の関係を図2に示した。
SPCに依る異常収縮の大きさは、図1と同様に、K118mMを添加して測定した張力(100%)に対する相対値として図2に示した。
また、高脂血症治療薬(HMG−CoA阻害剤)又はEPAを投与しない非治療群のSPCに依る平滑筋異常収縮の張力と血清総コレステロール値との関係も、図2に示す。
【0045】
前記HMG−CoA阻害剤を用いた場合においては、血清総コレステロール値が高値から正常値に低下したにも拘わらず、SPCに依る異常収縮の張力が残る症例が認められた。
また、EPAは、血清総コレステロール値が高値から大きく低下しないにも拘わらず(260mg/dlから230mg/dlへ)、SPCに依る平滑筋異常収縮は、血清総コレステロール値が正常値の症例の場合と、ほぼ同等の張力まで低下した。
【0046】
これらの結果は、血清総コレステロール値の高低に拘わらず、SPCを測定することにより、平滑筋異常収縮が予想でき、医薬品の効果の個別評価、有効な医薬品を選定する評価の指標としてSPCが利用できることを表すものである。
【0047】
(実施例3)くも膜下出血患者のSPC濃度測定
くも膜下出血患者のSPCを、以下のような手順で測定した。
(1)SPC−d (SPC 安定同位体標識体;化1)の合成
Demethylated sphingomyelin(de−SM)の合成
Sphingomyelin(SM:Sigma社製)0.4gをDMSO20mLに溶解し、80℃に加熱した。これにベンゼンチオールナトリウム塩のDMSO溶液(0.49g/5mL)を窒素雰囲気下でシリンジにて滴下し,温度を80℃に維持しながら加熱攪拌した。
【0048】
1時間後、反応液を室温まで冷却し、これに水100mLおよび1N−塩酸を適量加えて、反応液をpH2〜3程度になるように当該反応液を調整した。
この溶液をジクロロメタンにより抽出し、有機層を水、飽和食塩水で順次洗浄した後、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、これを濾過して濾液を減圧濃縮した。
濃縮残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(クロロホルム/メタノール=19/1〜4/1)にて精製し、de−SMを薄ベージュ色の固体として、300mg(収率;75%)得た。
【0049】
Sphingomyelin−d (SM−d )の合成
前記合成de−SM250mgをメタノール18mLに溶解し、これにシクロへキシルアミン35.5mg加えて攪拌した。
攪拌して得られた溶液に、ヨウ化メチル−d(Aldrich社製)220μLをメタノール10mLに添加した溶液を室温にてシリンジ滴下した。室温にて1時間攪拌後、反応液にヨウ化メチル−d110μLを追加し、攪拌を継続した。
【0050】
2時間攪拌を保持し、その後減圧濃縮乾固した。これをシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(クロロホルム/メタノール=19/1〜9/1)にて精製し、SM−dを薄黄色固体として、240mg(収率96%)得た。
【0051】
Sphingosylphosphorylcholine−d (SPC−d )の合成
前記で得られたSM−d65mgを、1.5N−HCl/MeOHaq(塩酸1mLをメタノール7mLに添加して調製したもの)8mLに溶解し、加熱還流した。3時間後、反応液を減圧濃縮してメタノールを留去した。
これに飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液を加えて中和した後、メタノール/クロロホルム混合液(容量比で1/2)により抽出を行った。
【0052】
前記抽出により得られた水層に1N−NaOHを加え、pH12〜13に調整した後、再び上記メタノール/クロロホルム混合液で3回抽出して、得られた全ての有機層をあわせて、これを減圧濃縮した。
減圧濃縮により得られた濃縮残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(クロロホルム〜クロロホルム/メタノール=4/1)にて精製し、下記の化1で表されるSPC−dを白色固体として、17.4mg(収率45%)得た。
ただし、SPC−dの安定同位元素標識体比のd体とd体の割合は、d体:d体が、99.2:0.8であった。
【0053】
【化1】

Figure 2004239801
【0054】
(2)SPC測定装置および測定条件
SPCを測定するに際して用いる高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)として、HP1100システム(Hewlett Packard製)を、またその分離カラムとして、Develosil ODS HG−5(35mm×2.0mmi.d.,野村化学製)を使用した。
【0055】
また移動相として、溶離液A:0.01容量%のギ酸を含む5mMのギ酸アンモニウム/メタノール/テトラヒドロフラン(5/2/3(v/v))と、溶離液B:0.01容量%のギ酸を含む5mMのギ酸アンモニウム/メタノール/テトラヒドロフラン(1/2/7(v/v))とを用いた。
【0056】
溶離プログラムは、溶離液A100%から溶離液B100%の直線グラジエント(0−4分)、溶離液B100%のisocratic(4−5分)、溶離液B100%から溶離液A100%の直線グラジエント(5−5.1分)および溶離液A100%のisocratic(5.1−11分)の順に行った。
ただし、これらの溶離液の流速を0.2mL/分とし、カラム温度を40℃に保持した。
【0057】
また、質量分析装置には、ターボイオンスプレーを装着した四重極質量分析計Sciex API 300(Perkin Elmer製)を用い、ターボイオンスプレー法でのイオン化電圧、オリフィス電圧、フォーカシングリング電圧をそれぞれ3400、25、220Vとした。
測定には正イオンモードを使用し、MRMモード(モニタリングイオン:SPCm/z 465.3(precursor ion)−184.1(product ion)、SPC−d 468.3−184.1)で測定を行った。
【0058】
(3)検量線作成用検体調製
リン酸緩衝液140μLに、SPCのメタノール溶液(150、75、30、15、7.5、3および1.5ng/mL)10μLを加えて、最終濃度がそれぞれ10、5、2、1、0.5、0.2および0.1ng/mLになるように調製を行なった。
またブランク検体(0ng/mL)としては、SPC溶液の代わりにメタノール10μLを加えて調製したものを使用した。
【0059】
(4)検量線の作成
検量線は、得られたリン酸緩衝液中のSPC濃度をx、SPCのピーク面積(MA)と内標準物質のピーク面積(IA)との比(Int.Ratio:Int.Ratio=MA/IA)をyとし、このyとxとの関係を用いて、最小二乗法(重み 1/y)により、以下の検量線式を求めた。
y=ax+b
但し、x:SPC濃度
y:ピーク面積比
a:検量線の傾き
b:y軸切片
【0060】
(5)固相抽出法およびLC/MS/MSによる髄液中SPC濃度の測定
髄液1mLに、100mMのリン酸緩衝液(pH5.0)1mLおよび内標準物質として50ng/mL濃度のSPC−d(上記SPC安定同位体標識体)のメタノール溶液10μLを加えた。
かかる溶液をボンドエルート Certify(ジーエルサイエンス製)を用いて、以下の手順に従い固相抽出処理を行った。
【0061】
Certifyに、メタノール5mLおよび100mMのリン酸緩衝液(pH5.0)5mLを順じ通液して、コンディショニングを行った。次いで、このように調製した溶液を、Certifyにロードし、これを100mMのリン酸緩衝液(pH5.0)5mL、メタノール/100mMのリン酸緩衝液(pH5.0)(1/1容量)の溶液5mL、およびメタノール3mLで順次洗浄した。
【0062】
前記洗浄後、1分間通風し、Certifyの担体を乾燥した後、1%濃度のアンモニア含有メタノール3mLで溶出を実施して溶出液を得た。
得られた溶出液を窒素気流下(DRY THERMO BATH MG−2000、EYELA製)で、濃縮乾固した。濃縮残渣をメタノール100μLに再溶解し、このうち20μLをLC/MS/MSに供し、SPC濃度の測定を行った。
なお全ての操作には、通常のシリコン処理を施した容器もしくは蛋白無吸着処理を施した容器(住友ベークライト株式会社製)を使用した。
【0063】
くも膜下出血(SAH)患者3例について、くも膜下出血発症後3〜4日および9日後の脳髄液中のSPC濃度を、上記方法により測定した。また、髄膜炎の疑いで髄液採取したが異常が認められなかった正常者の腰椎髄液についてもSPC濃度を、同様の方法により測定した。その結果を下記の表1に示す。
【0064】
【表1】
Figure 2004239801
【0065】
表1より、くも膜下出血患者のいずれの髄液中においても、SPC濃度が高いことが明らかとなる一方、正常者の腰椎髄液からはSPCが検出されなかった。
【0066】
【発明の効果】
本発明のスクリーニング方法は、血清総コレステロール値とは関係なくSPCが平滑筋異常収縮に基づく疾患の優れたバイオマーカーであり、かかるSPCを測定することにより、平滑筋異常収縮に基づく疾患の発症を高精度で判断でき、平滑筋異常収縮に基づく疾患の早期検出、予後予測、重篤度の測定、医学的治療に伴う平滑筋異常収縮の経過の評価を高精度で行うことができるとともに、平滑筋異常収縮に起因する疾患を予防するための医薬品や食品機能の確認若しくは医薬品や食品評価の指標等に有効に適用できることを可能とする、信頼性が高くかつ簡便な平滑筋異常収縮のスクリーニング方法である
【0067】
また本発明スクリーニング方法は、血清総コレステロール値が高いヒトのみならず、血清総コレステロール値が正常のヒトに対しても、SPCがそれら疾患のリスクと成り得ることより、血清総コレステロール値の高低に拘わらず、それら疾患の兆候を発症していないヒトに対して、疾患の早期発見が可能となり、早期治療・予防が実現できる、平滑筋異常収縮のスクリーニング方法である。
【0068】
さらには、本発明のスクリーニング方法は、平滑筋の異常収縮の強度を把握し、患者毎の異常収縮の強度に適した医薬品の選択や治療効果を測定でき、従って患者毎の平滑筋異常収縮の強度に応じて、効果的な医薬品を選択し、効果をモニターすることができるテーラーメイド医療を提供することを可能とするものである。
【0069】
更に本発明診断キットは、本発明の平滑筋異常収縮のスクリーニング方法を簡便に適用できるものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】(a)は、SPCによる腸管膜動脈の平滑筋異常収縮の張力と血清総コレステロール値との関係、(b)は、SPCによる腸管膜動脈の平滑筋異常収縮の張力とLDLコレステロール値との関係、(c)は、SPCによる腸管膜動脈の平滑筋異常収縮の張力とHDLコレステロール/血清総コレステロール値との関係、(d)は、血清総コレステロール値と冠動脈疾患相対危険率との関係を示す線図。
【図2】高止血症治療薬またはEPAの投与前後及び非治療の際の、SPCによる平滑筋異常収縮の張力の大きさと血清総コレステロール値との関係の例示を示す線図。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a screening method and a diagnostic kit for abnormal contraction of smooth muscle, and more particularly, measures the level of sphingosylphosphorylcholine (hereinafter abbreviated as SPC) in body tissues and body fluids to increase the occurrence of abnormal contraction of smooth muscle. Judgment by accuracy, thereby early detection of disease based on abnormal smooth muscle contraction, prediction of prognosis, measurement of severity, evaluation method of course of abnormal smooth muscle contraction associated with medical treatment, and due to abnormal smooth muscle contraction Screening method for abnormal contraction of smooth muscle and diagnostic kit capable of diagnosing abnormal contraction of smooth muscle with high reliability, which is effectively applied to confirmation of drug or food function or index of drug or food evaluation for preventing disease About.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For smooth muscle contraction, cytoplasmic calcium ions (Ca2+C) Causing contraction to occur at an intensity dependent on the degree of concentration increase,2+While there is a concentration-dependent normal physiological smooth muscle contraction, such cytoplasmic Ca2+Shrinkage or Ca above the level of increase in concentration2+Shrinkage independent of concentration, ie Ca2+There is a concentration-independent contraction.
[0003]
The latter Ca2+Concentration-independent contraction means abnormal contraction of smooth muscle, and such abnormal contraction of smooth muscle is caused by some vasoconstrictors via the G protein (GTP-binding protein) of the smooth muscle cell membrane and the Ca of smooth muscle.2+Enhanced sensitivity, cytoplasmic Ca2+Shrinkage over concentration increase or Ca2+An independent contraction has been induced.
Specifically, Ca2+Rho-kinase is known as a factor involved in independent abnormal contraction of smooth muscle (J. Biol. Chem. 272, 12257-12260, 1997), and abnormal contraction of smooth muscle is caused by G protein of smooth muscle cells. This is a so-called pathological abnormal contraction via a Rho-kinase (protein kinase) signal transduction system activated by one of RhoA.
[0004]
On the other hand, diseases caused by impaired blood flow due to smooth muscle contraction include, for example, cerebral vasospasm (spasm is also referred to as spasm), coronary vasospasm, pulmonary vasospasm, finger vasospasm, mesentery Membrane artery spasm, hypertension, etc., and ocular blood vessels such as narrowed visual field and dark vision are known.
Gastrointestinal smooth muscle contraction includes esophageal spasm, gastric spasm, diarrhea or abdominal pain due to increased intestinal motility, spastic ileus or abdominal angina, and respiratory smooth muscle contraction includes dyspnea or bronchial asthma. Organ diseases are known.
[0005]
Further, urinary premature birth or miscarriage is known in uterine smooth muscle contraction, and dysuria such as urinary incontinence is known in bladder smooth muscle contraction.
It is believed that some of the smooth muscle contractions in these diseases include abnormal smooth muscle contractions that are triggered only in pathological conditions.
[0006]
In the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases, in addition to clinical symptoms, diagnosis with medical equipment such as X-rays, CT scanners, MRIs, and echoes is mainly performed. The intensity of abnormal contraction of smooth muscle is a specific marker. Is used to easily measure tissue and body fluids (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, tears, saliva, sweat, airway secretions, sputum, vaginal secretions, amniotic fluid, etc.) for early detection, diagnosis, and improvement of prognosis Nothing has been done.
[0007]
Arteriosclerosis, an increasing disease in recent years, has also been linked to abnormal contraction of smooth muscle, and heart disease and stroke caused by arteriosclerosis have a higher mortality rate than cancer. Present.
Atherosclerosis is known as a risk factor for high serum total cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, obesity, stress, and lack of exercise. Among these factors, high serum total cholesterol is a major risk of coronary artery disease due to atherosclerosis. It is considered a factor.
[0008]
However, plaque formation, which causes atherosclerosis, and arterial rupture do not always correlate with serum total cholesterol level, and arterial spasm is strongly associated with acute coronary artery disease, so abnormal contraction of arterial smooth muscle is associated with arteriosclerosis (J. Cardio. 33: 9-16, 1999).
[0009]
Also, half of the patients who have experienced angina or a heart attack have been judged to have no problem with serum total cholesterol.
Therefore, there is a problem that, if the serum total cholesterol level is not a problem in the conventional test, early detection and early treatment cannot be performed even if the above-mentioned disease risk is latent.
[0010]
On the other hand, lipid-lowering drugs such as statins have been treated with the expectation that the risk of coronary artery disease will be reduced in the future, based on a decrease in serum total cholesterol level. However, it has not been performed to measure the intensity of abnormal contraction of smooth muscle, which is considered to be one of the pathological conditions of these diseases, and use it to select a therapeutic agent or to judge the therapeutic effect.
[0011]
It is known that sphingolipids play an important role as intracellular signaling molecules in cell migration, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, survival and the like (FASEB J. 10, 1388-1397, 1996, FEBS Lett). 410, 34-38, 1997).
SPC, which is one of such sphingolipids, is also present in blood, and in relation to diseases, it is related to heart failure consisting of cardiac ischemia and cardiac hypoxia (Table 2002-504999) and cardiac function. Has been reported (Biochem. J. 355, 189-197, 2001).
However, these known documents do not specifically describe the relationship between SPC and abnormal contraction of human smooth muscle, and the relationship between SPC and disease caused by abnormal contraction of smooth muscle.
[0012]
Recently, it has been disclosed that Fyn, one of the Src family protein tyrosine kinases, is associated with abnormal smooth muscle contraction as a downstream factor of SPC-Rho-kinase (Circ. Res. 91, 953-960, 2002).
[0013]
Furthermore, as the public's interest in health and disease prevention has increased, interest in the effects of foods on disease prevention and improvement has been increasing. Elucidation of food functions using biomarkers instead of disease evaluation is expected to lead to the development of more effective disease preventive foods (functional foods).
Until now, serum total cholesterol levels have been used as biomarkers for functional foods for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart disease and brain disease.
[0014]
However, although serum total cholesterol is one of the risk factors, it is not a risk factor that directly reflects the clinical events of cardiovascular diseases. There is a strong need for directly related biomarkers.
[0015]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to determine the presence of SPCs by measuring the levels of SPCs in body tissues or fluids, independent of serum total cholesterol levels, thereby revealing the presence of SPCs in diseases resulting from abnormal smooth muscle contraction, for example, Drugs for early judgment, prognosis, prediction of recurrence, measurement of severity, and prevention of diseases caused by abnormal smooth muscle contraction of cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urinary diseases An object of the present invention is to provide a reliable and simple screening method for abnormal smooth muscle contraction, which can be used as an excellent biomarker such as a confirmation of a food function or an index for evaluating a drug or a food.
[0016]
Another object of the present invention is to clarify the relationship between the serum total cholesterol level, which is known as the risk of coronary artery disease and cerebral infarction, and SPC, and not only to humans having high serum total cholesterol level, but also to serum total cholesterol level To verify that SPC can be a risk for these diseases even in normal humans, to clarify the significance of SPC measurement, and to show signs of these diseases regardless of the level of serum total cholesterol. An object of the present invention is to provide a screening method for abnormal contraction of smooth muscle, which enables early detection of disease and realization of early treatment / prevention for non-onset humans.
[0017]
Furthermore, another object of the present invention is to provide a screening method for abnormal contraction of smooth muscle, which grasps the intensity of abnormal contraction of smooth muscle and measures the selection and treatment effect of a drug suitable for the intensity of abnormal contraction of each patient. To provide. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a tailor-made medical treatment capable of selecting an effective medicine and monitoring the effect according to the intensity of abnormal smooth muscle contraction of each patient.
[0018]
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a diagnostic kit capable of measuring SPC, which is a new measurement target instead of the conventional measurement target for abnormal smooth muscle contraction, and diagnosing the above-mentioned abnormal smooth muscle contraction with high accuracy. It is to be.
[0019]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies on the relationship between SPC and abnormal smooth muscle contraction. As a result, the presence of SPC present in body tissues or body fluids caused abnormal contraction of smooth muscle regardless of the level of serum total cholesterol level. They found that they were deeply involved and arrived at the present invention. In addition, the present inventors have found that SPC can be a risk of coronary artery disease, that the effect of SPC on improving abnormal smooth muscle contraction differs depending on the type of therapeutic agent for hyperlipidemia, and that the effect of SPC in individual cases differs. The present invention has been achieved based on a completely unknown finding that SPC concentration is high in cerebrospinal fluid of a patient.
[0020]
The method for screening for abnormal contraction of smooth muscle according to the present invention is characterized in that the level of SPC in body tissue or body fluid is measured, and preferably the level of cholesterol level in body tissue or body fluid is high or low in the screening method. Regardless of this, the level of only SPC is measured to evaluate abnormal smooth muscle contraction.
[0021]
Preferably, in the screening method of the present invention, the smooth muscle is selected from the group consisting of vascular smooth muscle, digestive smooth muscle, respiratory smooth muscle, uterine smooth muscle, and bladder smooth muscle.
More preferably, the screening method of the present invention is characterized in that the measured SPC level indicates the risk of coronary artery disease or cerebral infarction regardless of the serum total cholesterol level.
[0022]
Another screening method for abnormal contraction of smooth muscle of the present invention is characterized in that the level of Fyn is measured instead of sphingosylphosphorylcholine in the method of screening for abnormal contraction of smooth muscle of the present invention.
[0023]
The diagnostic kit of the present invention is characterized in that abnormal contraction of smooth muscle can be diagnosed with high accuracy by measuring the level of SPC in body tissue or body fluid.
Further, another diagnostic kit of the present invention is characterized in that abnormal muscle contraction is diagnosed by measuring the level of Fyn instead of sphingosylphosphorylcholine in the diagnostic kit of the present invention.
[0024]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described below using preferred examples, but is not limited thereto.
The screening method for abnormal contraction of smooth muscle of the present invention measures the level of SPC in body tissue or body fluid.
That is, the screening method for abnormal smooth muscle contraction of the present invention can be used for early detection, prognosis prediction, measurement of severity, and treatment of abnormal muscle contraction, particularly human abnormal smooth muscle contraction, by measuring SPC. It is a method for evaluating the course of abnormal smooth muscle contraction, and a method for indicating the risk of coronary artery disease or cerebral infarction, regardless of the presence and amount of SPC in serum total cholesterol, This is a method that can be used for confirming the function of a drug or food for preventing disease caused by abnormal contraction of human smooth muscle characterized by measuring SPC, or as an index for evaluating drug or food.
[0025]
The smooth muscle to which the present invention is applied includes all smooth muscles irrespective of organs or sites, particularly vascular smooth muscle, digestive smooth muscle, respiratory smooth muscle, uterine smooth muscle, bladder smooth muscle, and the like. Is exemplified.
[0026]
In the screening method of the present invention, a body tissue or a body fluid is collected, and SPC in the body tissue or the body fluid is measured. Specifically, as the body tissue, an organ tissue such as a blood vessel wall or the body is measured. Cells, etc., and body fluids such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, urine, and sweat can be used, but not limited thereto, and all body tissues and body fluids can be suitably used.
[0027]
The measurement method is preferably measured using a kit, and can generally be measured indirectly or directly by enzyme assay, immunoassay, spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, surface plasmon resonance, or the like.
Furthermore, since SPC is generated from sphingomyelin, which is a component of the cell membrane, by N-deacylation, it can be measured enzymatically using a sphingomyelin-specific N-deacylase.
That is, in the present invention, it is important that the SPC can be distinguished from other sphingosine and can be specifically measured, and any method may be used as long as it is possible.
[0028]
Further, the diagnostic kit of the present invention measures SPC, which is a new measurement target instead of the conventional measurement target for abnormal contraction of smooth muscle, cholesterol by the above-mentioned means, and specifically, discriminates SPC from other sphingosine. The specific contraction and specific measurement are performed, and the screening for the abnormal contraction of the smooth muscle can be performed, and the abnormal contraction of the smooth muscle can be diagnosed with extremely high accuracy.
[0029]
In the present invention, smooth muscle abnormal contraction, whether or not serum total cholesterol levels are high, by measuring the level of SPC itself in body fluids or tissues, or by measuring the presence of SPC, For example, an early diagnosis of the risk of coronary artery disease can be made.
[0030]
In the present invention, even when the serum total cholesterol level is normal (220 mg / dl or less), abnormal contraction of smooth muscle due to SPC may occur, or the serum total cholesterol level may be high (220 mg / dl or more). However, it will be clear from the examples described later that smooth muscle abnormal contraction does not occur depending on the type of treatment. Therefore, in order to predict the risk of coronary artery disease, SPC is individually measured regardless of the level of serum total cholesterol level. Only by doing so, screening for abnormal contraction of smooth muscle can be accurately performed.
Further, the relationship between the level of SPC and abnormal contraction of smooth muscle is deeper as the level amount of SPC is higher.
[0031]
Therefore, the risk of coronary artery disease or cerebral infarction can be displayed by measuring the SPC level regardless of the level of the serum total cholesterol level. In addition, in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, extensive cerebral vasospasm occurs in most cases after hemostasis by surgery, and it is possible to predict and follow-up that the patient will be fatal.
[0032]
Thus, SPCs present in body tissues or fluids effectively function as biomarkers for diseases caused by abnormal smooth muscle contraction, and SPCs can function as biomarkers directly related to clinical events of cardiovascular disease. Things.
[0033]
Therefore, even if it is not directly confirmed whether or not a disease is caused, as a disease due to smooth muscle contraction, for example, cerebral vasospasm (spasm is also called spasm), coronary vasospasm, pulmonary vasospasm, finger vasospasm. , Mesenteric artery spasm, hypertension, etc., visual field narrowing and dark vision, esophageal spasm, gastric spasm, diarrhea or abdominal pain based on intestinal hyperactivity, spastic ileus or abdominal angina, respiratory diseases such as dyspnea or bronchial asthma, It can be used for early detection, prognosis prediction, measurement of severity, and evaluation of the course of abnormal smooth muscle contraction associated with treatment of diseases such as urgency such as imminent premature birth, miscarriage, and urinary incontinence.
[0034]
Furthermore, SPC can be used as an index for confirming or evaluating the function of drugs and foods for the prevention of diseases caused by abnormal smooth muscle contraction, and shortening the development period in the development of drugs and functional foods. In addition, it is possible to contribute to cost reduction.
[0035]
In addition, similarly to SPC, Fyn is used as a screening method and a diagnostic kit for abnormal contraction of smooth muscle, and furthermore, Fyn is used for confirmation of drug or food function for prevention of disease caused by abnormal contraction of smooth muscle or index of evaluation of drug or food. It is also possible.
[0036]
(Example)
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples and Test Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
(Example 1) Relationship between SPC and risk of coronary artery disease
During gastrointestinal cancer surgery, the mesenteric artery was separated from the gastrointestinal tract removed from the patient and the surrounding tissues. The tissue around the separated arterial blood vessel and the endothelium were removed, and a blood vessel specimen (1 mm in width and 5 mm in length) was collected.
[0037]
The vascular specimen was prepared in 95% by volume O2-5% by volume CO2Under aeration of the mixed gas, Krebs-HEPES buffer solution (Na+  137.4 mM, K+  5.9 mM, Ca2+  1.2 mM, Mg2+  1.2 mM, Cl  Suspended in a Magnus tube filled with 148.1 mM, glucose 11.5 mM, HEPES 11.6 mM (pH 7.3)) and isometrically measured using a tension transducer (trade name: TB-612T; manufactured by Nihon Kohden). The tension was measured.
[0038]
First, K is added to the Magnus tube.+118 mM was added to cause depolarization of the vascular specimen, resulting in Ca2+The tension at the time of the dependent contraction was measured, and this was defined as the normal contraction.
[0039]
On the other hand, the tension of abnormal contraction was measured by adding 30 μM of SPC to the Magnus tube and measuring the tension as abnormal contraction tension.
The tension value of the abnormal contraction is represented by K+The relative value to the magnitude of the tension (100%) measured by adding 118 mM is shown in FIG.
In addition, the serum total cholesterol level, LDL (low density lipoprotein) cholesterol level and HDL (high density lipoprotein) cholesterol level of the patient were measured in advance before the operation, and the relative tension at which the smooth muscle abnormal contraction of the mesenteric artery by SPC was applied. And these relationships are shown in FIG.
[0040]
As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, tension of abnormal contraction of smooth muscle of the mesenteric artery by SPC correlated with serum total cholesterol level and LDL cholesterol level (FIGS. 1a and b), but was inversely correlated with HDL cholesterol level. (FIG. 1c).
Therefore, it is considered that the serum total cholesterol level and LDL cholesterol level affected the tension of abnormal smooth muscle contraction of the mesenteric artery by SPC.
[0041]
Here, the correlation between the tension of abnormal contraction of smooth muscle of the human mesenteric artery by SPC and the serum total cholesterol level and LDL cholesterol level is determined by the serum total cholesterol level and the relative risk of coronary artery disease (Japan Atherosclerosis Society; J Atheroscler Thromb. 9). , 1-27, 2002), similar to the shape of a known J-curve (FIG. 1d).
[0042]
No association was found between abnormal smooth muscle contraction by SPC and risk factors for smoking, diabetes and hypertension.
Therefore, it is considered that abnormal contraction of smooth muscle of the mesenteric artery by SPC is activated by serum total cholesterol and induces vasospasm, and it has been revealed that SPC is a new risk factor for coronary artery disease.
[0043]
Observation of individual cases shows that even in cases where the serum total cholesterol level is a normal value (220 mg / dl or less), the case where the value of the tension value of the abnormal contraction of smooth muscle due to SPC is high, or the case where the serum total cholesterol level is high ( Despite the fact that the tension of smooth muscle abnormal contraction is low (FIG. 1a), the risk of coronary artery disease is predicted regardless of the level of serum total cholesterol level. It became clear that the judgment can be made by measuring the SPC individually.
[0044]
(Example 2) Usefulness of SPC measurement for selection of therapeutic agent for hyperlipidemia and evaluation of therapeutic effect
In a gastrointestinal cancer patient, a therapeutic agent for hyperlipidemia (HMG-CoA inhibitor) or EPA was administered before administration (△, □ in FIG. 2) and after administration (▲, の in FIG. 2, respectively). 2) shows the relationship between the magnitude of the tension of abnormal contraction of smooth muscle due to SPC and the total serum cholesterol level in the mesenteric artery in the same manner as in Example 1.
The magnitude of abnormal contraction due to SPC is K+FIG. 2 shows the relative value to the tension (100%) measured by adding 118 mM.
FIG. 2 also shows the relationship between the tension of abnormal smooth muscle contraction and the serum total cholesterol level due to SPC in the non-treated group to which the therapeutic agent for hyperlipidemia (HMG-CoA inhibitor) or EPA was not administered.
[0045]
In the case where the HMG-CoA inhibitor was used, there were cases in which the tension of abnormal contraction due to SPC remained despite the decrease in serum total cholesterol level from a high level to a normal level.
In addition, although EPA indicates that the serum total cholesterol level does not decrease significantly from a high level (from 260 mg / dl to 230 mg / dl), the abnormal contraction of smooth muscle caused by SPC is caused by the case where the serum total cholesterol level is normal. , And decreased to almost the same tension.
[0046]
These results indicate that abnormal measurement of smooth muscle can be predicted by measuring SPC regardless of the level of serum total cholesterol, and SPC is used as an index for individual evaluation of the effects of drugs and evaluation for selecting effective drugs. It represents what you can do.
[0047]
(Example 3) SPC concentration measurement of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage
The SPC of a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage was measured by the following procedure.
(1) SPC-d 3 (SPC labeled stable isotope; Chemical formula 1)
Synthesis of Demethylated sphingomyelin (de-SM)
0.4 g of Sphingomyelin (SM: manufactured by Sigma) was dissolved in 20 mL of DMSO and heated to 80 ° C. A solution of benzenethiol sodium salt in DMSO (0.49 g / 5 mL) was added dropwise thereto with a syringe under a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was heated and stirred while maintaining the temperature at 80 ° C.
[0048]
One hour later, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and 100 mL of water and an appropriate amount of 1N-hydrochloric acid were added thereto to adjust the reaction solution to have a pH of about 2 to 3.
The solution was extracted with dichloromethane, and the organic layer was washed successively with water and saturated saline, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.
The concentrated residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform / methanol = 19/1 to 4/1) to obtain 300 mg (yield; 75%) of de-SM as a light beige solid.
[0049]
Sphingomyelin-d 3 (SM-d 3 ) Synthesis
250 mg of the synthetic de-SM was dissolved in 18 mL of methanol, and 35.5 mg of cyclohexylamine was added thereto, followed by stirring.
Methyl iodide-d was added to the solution obtained by stirring.3A solution obtained by adding 220 μL (manufactured by Aldrich) to 10 mL of methanol was dropped by a syringe at room temperature. After stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, methyl iodide-d was added to the reaction mixture.3110 μL was added and stirring was continued.
[0050]
The stirring was maintained for 2 hours, followed by concentration under reduced pressure to dryness. This was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform / methanol = 19/1 to 9/1) to obtain SM-d3Was obtained as a pale yellow solid (240 mg, yield 96%).
[0051]
Sphingosylphosphorylcholine-d 3 (SPC-d 3 ) Synthesis
SM-d obtained above365 mg was dissolved in 8 mL of 1.5 N HCl / MeOHaq (prepared by adding 1 mL of hydrochloric acid to 7 mL of methanol) and heated under reflux. After 3 hours, the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to distill off methanol.
After neutralization by adding a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate, extraction was performed with a methanol / chloroform mixture (1/2 by volume ratio).
[0052]
After adding 1N-NaOH to the aqueous layer obtained by the extraction and adjusting the pH to 12 to 13, the mixture was extracted three times with the above methanol / chloroform mixture, and all the obtained organic layers were combined. It was concentrated under reduced pressure.
The concentrated residue obtained by vacuum concentration was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform-chloroform / methanol = 4/1), and SPC-d represented by the following chemical formula 13Was obtained as a white solid (17.4 mg, yield 45%).
However, SPC-d3Of the stable isotope-labeled ratio of3Body and d0The proportion of the body is d3Body: d0The body was 99.2: 0.8.
[0053]
Embedded image
Figure 2004239801
[0054]
(2) SPC measurement device and measurement conditions
An HP1100 system (manufactured by Hewlett Packard) is used as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) used for measuring SPC, and Develosil ODS HG-5 (35 mm × 2.0 mmid, manufactured by Nomura Chemical) is used as a separation column. used.
[0055]
Further, as the mobile phase, eluent A: 5 mM ammonium formate / methanol / tetrahydrofuran (5/2/3 (v / v)) containing 0.01% by volume of formic acid, and eluent B: 0.01% by volume. 5 mM ammonium formate / methanol / tetrahydrofuran (1/2/7 (v / v)) containing formic acid was used.
[0056]
The elution program consists of a linear gradient of eluent A 100% to eluent B 100% (0-4 minutes), an isocratic of eluent B 100% (4-5 minutes), and a linear gradient of eluent B 100% to eluent A 100%. -5.1 min) and isocratic of eluent A 100% (5.1-11 min).
However, the flow rate of these eluents was 0.2 mL / min, and the column temperature was maintained at 40 ° C.
[0057]
In addition, a quadrupole mass spectrometer Sciex API 300 (manufactured by Perkin Elmer) equipped with a turbo ion spray was used as the mass spectrometer, and the ionization voltage, orifice voltage, and focusing ring voltage in the turbo ion spray method were 3400, respectively. 25 and 220V.
A positive ion mode was used for the measurement, and an MRM mode (monitoring ions: SPCm / z 465.3 (precursor ion) -184.1 (product ion), SPC-d3  468.3-184.1).
[0058]
(3) Sample preparation for preparation of calibration curve
To 140 μL of phosphate buffer, 10 μL of a methanol solution of SPC (150, 75, 30, 15, 7.5, 3, and 1.5 ng / mL) was added to give a final concentration of 10, 5, 2, 1, 0, respectively. Preparations were made at 0.5, 0.2 and 0.1 ng / mL.
As a blank sample (0 ng / mL), a sample prepared by adding 10 μL of methanol instead of the SPC solution was used.
[0059]
(4) Preparation of calibration curve
The calibration curve is obtained by setting the SPC concentration in the obtained phosphate buffer to x, and the ratio of the peak area (MA) of the SPC to the peak area (IA) of the internal standard (Int.Ratio: Int.Ratio = MA / IA). ) Is defined as y, and the following calibration curve equation was obtained by the least squares method (weight 1 / y) using the relationship between y and x.
y = ax + b
Where x: SPC concentration
y: peak area ratio
a: Slope of calibration curve
b: y-axis intercept
[0060]
(5) Measurement of SPC concentration in cerebrospinal fluid by solid phase extraction method and LC / MS / MS
1 mL of cerebrospinal fluid, 1 mL of 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 5.0) and 50 ng / mL SPC-d as an internal standard310 μL of a methanol solution of the above (labeled stable isotope of SPC) was added.
This solution was subjected to a solid phase extraction treatment using BondElute Certify (manufactured by GL Sciences) according to the following procedure.
[0061]
Conditioning was performed by sequentially passing 5 mL of methanol and 5 mL of 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 5.0) through Certify. Next, the solution thus prepared was loaded on Certify, and 5 mL of 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 5.0) and methanol / 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 5.0) (1/1 volume) were loaded. The solution was washed sequentially with 5 mL of a solution and 3 mL of methanol.
[0062]
After the washing, ventilation was performed for 1 minute to dry the Certify carrier, and then elution was performed with 3 mL of methanol containing 1% ammonia to obtain an eluate.
The obtained eluate was concentrated and dried under a nitrogen stream (DRY THERMO BATH MG-2000, manufactured by EYELA). The concentrated residue was redissolved in 100 μL of methanol, and 20 μL of the redissolved liquid was subjected to LC / MS / MS to measure the SPC concentration.
For all operations, a container subjected to a normal silicon treatment or a container subjected to a protein-free adsorption treatment (manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.) was used.
[0063]
For three patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), the SPC concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid 3 to 4 days and 9 days after the onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage was measured by the above method. In addition, the lumbar spinal fluid of a normal subject in whom cerebrospinal fluid was collected but suspected of having no abnormalities was suspected of meningitis, the SPC concentration was measured by the same method. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
[0064]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004239801
[0065]
From Table 1, it is clear that the SPC concentration is high in all the cerebrospinal fluids of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, but no SPC was detected in the lumbar spinal fluid of normal subjects.
[0066]
【The invention's effect】
In the screening method of the present invention, SPC is an excellent biomarker for diseases based on abnormal smooth muscle contraction irrespective of the serum total cholesterol level. It can judge with high accuracy, and it can perform early detection of disease based on abnormal contraction of smooth muscle, prognosis prediction, measurement of severity, evaluation of course of abnormal contraction of smooth muscle accompanying medical treatment with high accuracy, and smooth A reliable and simple screening method for abnormal smooth muscle contraction, which can be used to confirm the function of drugs and foods for preventing diseases caused by abnormal muscle contraction or to be used effectively as an index for evaluating drugs and foods. Is
[0067]
In addition, the screening method of the present invention can be applied not only to humans having a high serum total cholesterol level, but also to humans having a normal serum total cholesterol level, since SPC can be a risk of those diseases. Regardless, it is a method for screening for abnormal contraction of smooth muscle, which enables early detection of a disease and realization of early treatment and prevention in a human who does not develop any signs of such a disease.
[0068]
Further, the screening method of the present invention can grasp the intensity of abnormal contraction of smooth muscle, measure the selection of a drug suitable for the intensity of abnormal contraction of each patient, and measure the therapeutic effect. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a tailor-made medical treatment capable of selecting an effective medicine according to the strength and monitoring the effect.
[0069]
Further, the diagnostic kit of the present invention can easily apply the screening method for abnormal contraction of smooth muscle of the present invention.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 (a) shows the relationship between the tension of abnormal contraction of smooth muscle of the mesenteric artery caused by SPC and total serum cholesterol, and FIG. 1 (b) shows the tension of abnormal contraction of smooth muscle of the mesenteric artery by SPC and LDL cholesterol. (C) shows the relationship between the tension of abnormal contraction of smooth muscle of the mesenteric artery by SPC and HDL cholesterol / serum total cholesterol level, and (d) shows serum total cholesterol level and relative risk of coronary artery disease. FIG.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the magnitude of tension of abnormal smooth muscle contraction by SPC and serum total cholesterol level before and after administration of a therapeutic agent for hypertension or EPA and before and after treatment.

Claims (7)

体組織または体液中のスフィンゴシルフォスフォリルコリンのレベルを測定することを特徴とする平滑筋異常収縮のスクリーニング方法。A method for screening for abnormal contraction of smooth muscle, comprising measuring the level of sphingosylphosphorylcholine in a body tissue or body fluid. 請求項1記載のスクリーニング方法において、体組織または体液中のコレステロールのレベル値の高低に拘わらず、スフィンゴシルフォスフォリルコリンのみのレベルを測定して平滑筋異常収縮を評価することを特徴とする平滑筋異常収縮のスクリーニング方法。2. The screening method according to claim 1, wherein the level of sphingosylphosphorylcholine alone is measured to evaluate smooth muscle abnormal contraction regardless of the level of cholesterol in body tissue or body fluid. Screening method for abnormal muscle contraction. 請求項1または2記載のスクリーニング方法において、平滑筋は、血管平滑筋、消化器平滑筋、呼吸器平滑筋、子宮平滑筋および膀胱平滑筋からなる群より選ばれることを特徴とする平滑筋異常収縮のスクリーニング方法。3. The screening method according to claim 1, wherein the smooth muscle is selected from the group consisting of vascular smooth muscle, digestive smooth muscle, respiratory smooth muscle, uterine smooth muscle, and bladder smooth muscle. Method of screening for contractions. 請求項1〜3いずれかの項記載のスクリーニング方法において、測定されたスフィンゴシルフォスフォリルコリンのレベルが血清総コレステロール値に拘わらず、冠動脈疾患や脳梗塞の危険度を示すことを特徴とする平滑筋異常収縮のスクリーニング方法。The screening method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the measured sphingosylphosphorylcholine level indicates the risk of coronary artery disease or cerebral infarction regardless of the serum total cholesterol level. Screening method for abnormal muscle contraction. 請求項1〜4いずれかの項記載のスクリーニング方法におけるスフィンゴシルフォスフォリルコリンの代わりにFynのレベルを測定することを特徴とする平滑筋異常収縮のスクリーニング方法。5. A screening method for abnormal contraction of smooth muscle, comprising measuring the level of Fyn instead of sphingosylphosphorylcholine in the screening method according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 体組織または体液中のスフィンゴシルフォスフォリルコリンのレベルを測定して平滑筋異常収縮を診断することを特徴とする診断キット。A diagnostic kit comprising measuring sphingosylphosphorylcholine levels in body tissues or fluids to diagnose abnormal smooth muscle contraction. 請求項6記載の診断キットにおけるスフィンゴシルフォスフォリルコリンの代わりにFynのレベルを測定して平滑筋異常収縮を診断することを特徴とする診断キット。The diagnostic kit according to claim 6, wherein a level of Fyn is measured instead of sphingosylphosphorylcholine to diagnose abnormal contraction of smooth muscle.
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