JP2004238854A - Method for constructing underground timbering - Google Patents

Method for constructing underground timbering Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004238854A
JP2004238854A JP2003027557A JP2003027557A JP2004238854A JP 2004238854 A JP2004238854 A JP 2004238854A JP 2003027557 A JP2003027557 A JP 2003027557A JP 2003027557 A JP2003027557 A JP 2003027557A JP 2004238854 A JP2004238854 A JP 2004238854A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
pipe
ground
bent
steel pipe
bent steel
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JP2003027557A
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JP4057439B2 (en
Inventor
Shigeji Iwanaga
茂治 岩永
Moriya Hara
守哉 原
Masaki Inada
正毅 稲田
Takashi Okada
喬 岡田
Tsutomu Matsuo
勉 松尾
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Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd
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Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd
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  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for constructing a preceeding timbering by efficiently inserting/burying a bent steel pipe to a natural ground in the periphery of a tunnel by a simple constitution. <P>SOLUTION: A guide edge 22 is mounted at the front end section of the bent steel pipe 30 while a jet nozzle 23 is installed between the bent steel pipe 30 and an inner pipe 21 arranged in the steel pipe 30 on the inside of the guide edge 22. The jet nozzle 23 is supplied with high-pressure water from a water supply pipe 26. Jet water at high pressure is ejected into the natural ground 15 from the inner void side of the guide edge 22 and the steel pipe 30 is inserted and buried into the natural ground 15 while excavating the natural ground 15, thus manufacturing the preceeding timbering. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、地中支保工の構築方法に関するもので、特に、トンネル断面のアーチ部分となる地山内へ曲がり管を挿入・埋設する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般に、軟弱な地盤にトンネルを掘進する際には、掘削作業を行う前に、切羽からトンネル周辺の地山に掘進方向に向けてボーリングを行い、この削孔内に注入管を挿入して地盤固化剤を注入して上記地山を補強した後、上記補強した部分を掘削して支保工を構築する方法が行われている。しかし、この方法では、地山の補強と支保工の構築とを交互に繰り返して行わなければならないため、作業効率が悪く、工期が長期化するといった問題点があった。そこで、予め、トンネルの掘進方向に先進導坑を構築した後、上記先進導坑の側壁より、本坑のトンネル断面のアーチ部分となる地山内へ所定の曲率を有する曲がり鋼管を挿入・埋設してこれを先行支保工とし、しかる後に地山を掘削する方法が提案されている。
具体的には、図7(a),(b)に示すような、地山60に挿入する鋼管を、その側面に注入孔51hを有する曲がり鋼管(以下、外管という)51と、この外管51内に設けられた内管52との二重管構造とするとともに、上記内管52の先端部に、モータ53aにより回転する先端ビット53bを備えた先端装置53を取付けて地山60を掘削しながら上記二重管を推進する曲線ボーリング装置50を用いて上記外管51を上記地山60内に挿入して埋設する。この曲線ボーリング装置50では、外管51と内管52とを、先進導坑61内において、スイベル54にて結合し、外管51の外周面を推進装置55のホルダ55Hにて把持して推進させ、上記先端装置53で地山60を掘削しながら、上記外管51と内管52とを同時に地山60内に挿入させる。
【0003】
そして、上記地山60を掘削として外管51と内管52とを推進する工程と、内管52と外管51のそれぞれを繋ぎ合わせて二重管を延長する工程とを繰り返し行いながら、外管51を所定の長さまで挿入した後、上記先端装置53と内管52とを回収し、上記外管51内に、図8に示すような、吐出口56hの前,後にパッカー56pを備えた注入管56を挿入し、上記注入管56の後端部に接続された注入液移送管57を介して圧送された地盤固化剤を上記外管51内に吐出させ、上記外管51の側面に設けられた注入孔51hからトンネル周辺の地山60に上記地盤固化剤を注入して上記地山60を補強する。これにより、上記地盤固化材で補強された地山部に埋設された外管51から成る先行支保工を構築することができる(例えば、特許文献1,2、非特許文献1など)。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開2000−160980号公報(第2,3頁、第1,3図)
【特許文献2】
特開2002−242581号公報(第2,3頁、第1−3図)
【非特許文献1】
亀岡 美友、粕谷 太郎、「曲線ボーリング工法(TURIP工法)の開発」、土木学会誌、1995年4月号
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記従来の方法では、地山60の掘削に回転機構を用いているため、埋設する曲がり鋼管(外管51)の断面形状が円形のものに限られていた。また、上記曲線ボーリング装置50では、内管52の内部にモータ53aや先端ビット53b、更には、回転力伝導機構といった装置類を収納する必要があることから、内管52の内空部が狭くなってしまい、このため、掘削した泥土を効率よく排出することができないといった問題点があった。
【0006】
本発明は、従来の問題点に鑑みてなされたもので、簡単な構成で、曲がり鋼管を効率的にトンネル周辺の地山に挿入・埋設して先行支保工を構築する方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の請求項1に記載の発明は、先進導坑の側壁から曲がり管を地山に挿入して埋設しこれを先行支保工とする地中支保工の構築方法であって、上記曲がり管の先端部に上記曲がり管の外周に沿った筒状の案内刃を取付けるとともに、上記曲がり管内部の先端側にジェット水噴射ノズルを取付けて、上記案内刃の開口部から、上記ジェット水噴射ノズルからのジェット水を上記地山内へ噴射しながら上記地山を掘削して、上記曲がり管を上記地山に挿入するようにしたことを特徴とするものである。これにより、削孔断面の形状の自由度が大きくなるので、断面が角状の管やH鋼などの円管以外の曲がり管あるいは曲線状の鋼材を埋設することが可能となる。また、管内に掘削装置を設置する必要がないことから、排土の効率が向上するので、施工効率を大幅に向上させることができる。
【0008】
請求項2に記載の発明は、請求項1に記載の地中支保工の構築方法において、曲がり管を効率的に推進させるために、上記案内刃に振動を与えながら、上記曲がり管を挿入するようにしたものである。
【0009】
請求項3に記載の発明は、請求項1または請求項2に記載の地中支保工の構築方法において、上記曲がり管の内側に、上記ジェット水により掘削された泥土を排出するための内管を取付け、この内管の外周側の先端部に上記ジェット水噴射ノズルを取付けたことを特徴とするもので、これにより、曲率半径が小さい場合でも、確実に曲線ボーリングを行うことが可能となる。
請求項4に記載の発明は、請求項3に記載の地中支保工の構築方法において、上記曲がり管の強度を向上させるため、その断面形状を、曲率半径方向の肉厚がそれに直角な方向の肉厚よりも厚い形状としたものである。
【0010】
請求項5に記載の発明は、請求項3に記載の地中支保工の構築方法において、上記曲がり管に代えて、断面がH型の曲がり鋼材を用いるとともに、上記曲がり材の上,下のフランジ部とウェブとの間にそれぞれ内管を取付けて上記鋼材を地山に挿入・埋設するようにしたものである。
また、請求項6に記載の発明は、請求項3〜請求項5のいずれかに記載の地中支保工の構築方法請求項5に記載の地山の改良方法において、上記内管の後端部に削岩機を連結して、上記曲がり管を地山内へ挿入するようにしたものである。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について、図面に基づき説明する。
図1は、本発明の一実施の形態を示す図で、同図において、10は隣接して並行する2本のトンネル(本坑)11,12を構築するために先行して掘削された先進導坑である中央導坑、20はこの中央導坑10内に設置され、上記中央導坑10の支保工14の両肩部14a,14bから、掘削予定の本坑11,12のアーチ部分となる地山15内に、先行支保工となる円筒状の曲がり鋼管30,30を挿入・埋設するための曲線ボーリング装置である。
図2及び図3は、上記曲線ボーリング装置20の詳細を示す図で、21は外管である上記曲がり鋼管30内に、上記曲がり鋼管30と同心円状に配置される内管、22は上記曲がり鋼管30の先端部に、上記曲がり鋼管30の外周に沿って取付けられた筒状の案内刃、23はこの案内刃22の内側で上記曲がり鋼管30と内管21との間に設置されたジェットノズル、24は上記内管21の後端部に接続され、上記内管21を推進するための削岩機、25はこの削岩機24を搭載するとともに、上記削岩機24を地山15方向にスライドさせるためのガイドセルである。このガイドセル25は、図1に示すように、少なくとも削岩機24のスライド面が、上記曲がり鋼管30の曲率と同じ曲率を有する曲面により構成されている。また、26は上記曲がり鋼管30の後端部に設けられた、曲がり鋼管30と内管21とを接続するスイベル、27は上記ジェットノズル23に高圧水を圧送するための送水管、28は上記内管21の後端部に設けられた排土取出口である。なお、上記送水管27は上記曲がり鋼管30の内側で、上記内管21の外周部に沿って配管される。また、上記送水管27他端側は、図示しない高圧水圧送手段から圧送される高圧水の導入口に接続されている。
【0012】
次に、先行支保工の構築方法について説明する。
まず、先端側に案内刃22を取付けた曲がり鋼管30を予め掘削した地山15の切羽15aに挿入し、この曲がり鋼管30内に、その外周部の先端にジェットノズル23が取付けられた内管21を挿入する。そして、上記案内刃22の内側に設けられた上記ジェットノズル23から高圧のジェット水を上記地山15内に噴出させて上記地山15を掘削するとともに、削岩機24をガイドセル25に沿って地山15方向に移動させて上記内管21を推進し、上記曲がり鋼管30と内管21とを同時に上記地山15内へ挿入する。
ところで、曲がり鋼管30の先端側に案内刃22が取付けられていない場合には、図4(a)に示すように、上記ジェット水は、曲がり鋼管30の幅以上に広がってしまい、そのため、曲がり鋼管30の進行方向とは直角な方向も掘削されてしまう。このように、ジェット水が広がってしまうと、ジェット水による掘削力自体も低下して推進速度が遅くなってしまうだけでなく、曲がり鋼管30の周囲が余掘りによる空隙の発生や、ジェット水の水が地盤に過度に吸収されることにより、地盤が弱体化されてしまうという問題点が発生する。
これに対して、本例では、曲がり鋼管30の先端側に案内刃22が取付けてあるので、図4(b)に示すように、ジェット水は上記案内刃22の幅にほぼ近い領域に集中して噴出される。したがって、地山15を効率的に掘削することができる。また、先行支保工となる曲がり鋼管30の周囲には余掘りによる空隙ができにくく、ジェット水の水も拡散しない。したがって、地盤を弱体化することがないので、迅速に、かつ確実に先行支保工を構築することができる。
なお、このとき、上記案内刃22に、例えば、超音波振動子などを貼り付けて上記案内刃22に振動を与えたり、削岩機によって上記案内刃22に振動を与えたりしながら上記曲がり鋼管30と内管21とを推進するようにすれば、地山15の掘削効率を更に向上させることができる。
【0013】
上記曲がり鋼管30を継ぎ足して延長する場合には、従来通り溶接にて曲がり鋼管30,30を接続するが、内管21については、図3に示すように、内管21,21の接続部の外周側の、曲がり鋼管30の曲率半径方向に対して45°回転させた位置に、上記曲がり鋼管30方向に突出する突出片21kが設けられたフランジ21Fを取付け、上記フランジ21Fの突出片21k同士をボルト21Bにより締結して接続する。このとき、上記突出片21kの先端部が上記曲がり鋼管30の内壁にほぼ当接させるようにする。これにより、上記曲がり鋼管30が、地山15からの圧力によりその断面が曲率半径方向に潰されるような変形をした場合でも、上記曲がり鋼管30の中心位置を保持することができるだけでなく、フランジ21Fが曲がり鋼管30と噛み合うことがないので、上記曲がり鋼管30をスムースに地山15内へ挿入することができる。また、同様の理由で、曲がり鋼管30の挿入後の内管21の回収もスムースに行うことができる。また、安価な真円度の精度が劣る曲がり鋼管であっても、スムースに地山15内へ挿入することができる。
また、本例では、内管21,21を上記フランジ21Fの突出片21kにて接続しているので、上記接続部においては、突出片21k、21k間に上記送水管27を通すことができる。したがって、送水管27の配管が容易になるとともに、曲がり鋼管30と内管21間のスペースを有効に活用することができる。
【0014】
上記地山15を掘削した排土は、内管21の内側を通って外部へ排出される。具体的には、図2に示すように、上記内管21の後端部に排土取出口28を設け、この排土取出口28に図示しない排土用ポンプを取付けて、上記掘削した泥土を上記内管21の外部へ排出する。本例では、内管21の内部には、掘削装置などの装置類がないので、排土を効率よく回収することができる。
なお、このようにして地山15に曲がり鋼管30を埋設してこれを先行支保工とした後、上記曲がり鋼管30内からジェットノズル23、送水管27、及び、内管21を取出し、上記曲がり鋼管30内に、上記図8に示した注入管56と同様の注入管を備えた注入装置を挿入して、上記曲がり鋼管30の図示しない注入孔から上記地山15に地盤固化剤を注入して上記曲がり鋼管30の周辺の地山15を補強するようにすれば、先行支保工を更に強固にすることができる。
【0015】
このように、本実施の形態では、曲がり鋼管30の先端部に、上記曲がり管の外周に沿った筒状の案内刃22を取付けるとともに、この案内刃22の内側で上記曲がり鋼管30と、上記曲がり鋼管30内に配置された内管21との間にジェットノズル23を取付け、送水管27から上記ジェットノズル23に高圧水を送って、上記案内刃22の内空側から高圧のジェット水を地山15内に噴出させて上記地山15を掘削しながら先行支保工となる曲がり鋼管30を上記地山15内へ挿入するようにしたので、先行支保工周囲の地盤を弱体化することもなく、上記地山15中に容易に先行支保工を構築することができる。また、本例ではジェット水のみによる掘削を行うため、内管21の内部に装置類がないので、排土を効率よく回収することができる。
【0016】
なお、上記実施の形態では、円筒状の曲がり鋼管30を地山15に埋設してこれを先行支保工とした場合について説明したが、本例の曲線ボーリング装置20は回転部を有しないので、地山15に埋設する曲がり鋼管の断面形状を任意に選択することができる。
図5(a)はその一例を示す図で、断面形状が矩形の曲がり鋼管31であっても、円筒状の内管21を上記曲がり鋼管31の内壁側に内設するようにすれば、上記曲がり鋼管31と内管21とをスムーズに上記地山15中に挿入することが可能である。ところで、地山15中の曲がり鋼管の断面に作用する圧力の大きさは、直線管の場合には周方向にほぼ一定であるが、曲線管の場合には、その大きさは、曲がり鋼管の曲率半径方向の方がそれに直角な方向よりも大きいため、図5(b)に示すように、曲がり鋼管の断面には、曲がり鋼管をその曲率半径方向に押しつぶすような力が作用し、曲がり鋼管が変形してしまい、推進に支障をきたす恐れがある。したがって、曲線ボーリングにおいては、曲がり鋼管の強度を高める必要がある。このとき、曲がり鋼管が上記例のように、円筒状の曲がり鋼管30の場合には、円筒の曲率半径方向の肉厚を厚くして強度高める方法も考えられるが、このような円管を作製することは実用的ではない。また、曲がり鋼管30全体の肉厚を厚すると、コスト高となるが、本発明では、曲がり鋼管の断面形状を任意に選択することができるので、例えば、図5(a)に示すような、断面形状が矩形の曲がり鋼管31で、その曲率半径方向の面(=曲率半径方向に直交する面で、同図の上面と下面の相当する)31a,31bの内、曲率の大きい上面31a肉厚を、下面31bや曲率半径方向に直角な方向の面(同図の、側面)31c,32dの肉厚よりも厚く形成したものを用いれば、管全体の肉厚を厚することなく、曲がり鋼管31の強度を向上させることができるので、安価で、強度の高い曲がり鋼管を用いた先行支保工を構築することができる。なお、曲がり鋼管31の肉厚の変更箇所は、その曲率の大きい上記上面31aに限定されるものではなく、曲率の小さな下面31bの肉厚を大きくしてもよく、更には、両方を厚くすれば、更に強度を向上させることができる。
【0017】
また、図6に示すように、上記曲がり鋼管30,31に代えて、断面がH型の曲がり鋼材32を用いることも可能である。この場合には、上記曲がり鋼材32の上,下のフランジ部32F,32Fとウェブ32Wとの間にそれぞれ円筒形の内管21,21を内設するようにする。このとき、予め、上記内管21,21の側面に沿って複数の注入孔21hを設けておき、上記曲がり鋼材32の埋設後には、上記内管21内に注入装置を挿入して、上記注入孔21hを介して、上記地山15に地盤固化剤を注入して上記地山15を補強するようにすればよい。
上記断面がH型の曲がり鋼材32は、上下方向からの圧力に強いので、強度の高い先行支保工を構築することができるとともに、肉厚の厚い円筒状の曲がり鋼管30や上記断面形状が矩形の曲がり鋼管31よりも容易に入手可能であり、コスト低減も可能であるという利点を有する。
【0018】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、地山に挿入される曲がり管の先端側に案内刃を取付けるとともに、この曲がり管の内部の先端側にジェット水噴射ノズルを取付け、上記ジェット水噴射ノズルからのジェット水を、上記案内刃の開口部から上記地山内へ噴射して地山を掘削しながら、上記曲がり管を上記地山に挿入してこれを先行支保工としたので、簡単な構成で、先行支保工を構築することができる。また、回転機構を必要としないジェット水のみによる掘削なので、削孔断面の形状の自由度を大きすることが可能となり、強度の高い、断面が角状の管やH鋼などの円管以外の曲がり管あるいは曲線状の鋼材を埋設してこれを先行支保工とすることができる。また、管内に掘削装置等を設置する必要がないので、効率よく排土することができ、施工効率を大幅に向上させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施の形態を示す図である。
【図2】本実施の形態に係る曲線ボーリング装置の構成を示す図である。
【図3】曲線ボーリング装置の要部断面図である。
【図4】本実施の形態に係る地山の掘削方法を示す図である。
【図5】断面形状が矩形の曲がり鋼管の挿入方法を示す図である。
【図6】断面形状がH型の曲がり鋼管の挿入方法を示す図である。
【図7】従来の曲線ボーリング装置の概要を示す図である。
【図8】地盤固化剤の注入方法を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
10 中央導坑、11,12 本坑、14 中央導坑の支保工、15 地山、20 曲線ボーリング装置、21 内管、21F フランジ、21k 突出片、21B ボルト、22 案内刃、23 ジェットノズル、24 削岩機、25 ガイドセル、26 スイベル、27 送水管、28 排土取出口、30 曲がり鋼管。
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of constructing an underground support, and more particularly, to a method of inserting and burying a bent pipe into a ground, which is an arch portion of a tunnel cross section.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Generally, when digging a tunnel on soft ground, before excavation work, drilling is performed from the face to the ground around the tunnel in the direction of digging, and an injection pipe is inserted into this drilled hole to dig the ground. A method has been performed in which a solidifying agent is injected to reinforce the ground, and then the reinforced portion is excavated to construct a shoring. However, in this method, since the reinforcement of the ground and the construction of the shoring work must be performed alternately and repeatedly, there is a problem that the working efficiency is poor and the construction period is prolonged. Therefore, after constructing an advanced tunnel in advance in the tunnel excavation direction, a bent steel pipe having a predetermined curvature is inserted and buried from the side wall of the advanced tunnel into the ground which is the arch portion of the tunnel section of the main tunnel. A method has been proposed in which this is used as a preliminary support and then the ground is excavated.
Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, a steel pipe to be inserted into the ground 60 is formed by bending a steel pipe (hereinafter, referred to as an outer pipe) 51 having an injection hole 51 h on a side surface thereof. A tip device 53 having a tip bit 53b rotated by a motor 53a is attached to the tip of the inner tube 52, and a ground pile 60 is formed. The outer pipe 51 is inserted into the ground 60 and buried by using the curved boring device 50 that propels the double pipe while excavating. In this curved boring device 50, the outer pipe 51 and the inner pipe 52 are connected by the swivel 54 in the advanced shaft 61, and the outer peripheral surface of the outer pipe 51 is gripped by the holder 55 </ b> H of the propulsion device 55 for propulsion. The outer pipe 51 and the inner pipe 52 are simultaneously inserted into the ground 60 while excavating the ground 60 with the tip device 53.
[0003]
Then, while repeatedly performing the step of propelling the outer pipe 51 and the inner pipe 52 by excavating the ground 60 and the step of connecting the inner pipe 52 and the outer pipe 51 to extend the double pipe, After inserting the pipe 51 to a predetermined length, the tip device 53 and the inner pipe 52 are recovered, and a packer 56p is provided in the outer pipe 51 before and after the discharge port 56h as shown in FIG. The injection pipe 56 is inserted, and the ground solidifying agent pumped through the injection liquid transfer pipe 57 connected to the rear end of the injection pipe 56 is discharged into the outer pipe 51. The ground hardening agent is injected into the ground 60 around the tunnel from the injection hole 51h provided to reinforce the ground 60. Thus, a pre-support structure including the outer pipe 51 buried in the ground portion reinforced with the ground solidifying material can be constructed (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2, Non-Patent Document 1 and the like).
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-160980 (pages 2, 3; FIGS. 1, 3)
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-2002-242581 (pages 2, 3; FIG. 1-3)
[Non-patent document 1]
Yoshitomo Kameoka, Taro Kasuya, "Development of Curved Boring Method (TURIP Method)", Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, April 1995, [0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-mentioned conventional method, since the rotating mechanism is used for excavating the ground 60, the cross-sectional shape of the bent steel pipe (outer pipe 51) to be embedded is limited to a circular one. Further, in the curved boring device 50, since the motor 53a, the tip bit 53b, and the devices such as the rotational force transmission mechanism need to be housed inside the inner tube 52, the inner space of the inner tube 52 is narrow. Therefore, there is a problem that the excavated mud cannot be efficiently discharged.
[0006]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the conventional problems, and provides a method of constructing a leading support by inserting and burying a bent steel pipe efficiently in a ground around a tunnel with a simple configuration. Aim.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is a method of constructing an underground support structure in which a bent pipe is inserted into the ground from the side wall of an advanced shaft and buried therein, and this is used as a precedent support. A tubular guide blade along the outer circumference of the curved pipe is attached to the tip of the pipe, and a jet water jet nozzle is attached to the tip side inside the bent pipe, and the jet water jet nozzle is opened from the opening of the guide blade. And excavating the ground while injecting jet water from the ground into the ground, and inserting the bent pipe into the ground. This increases the degree of freedom in the shape of the cross section of the drilled hole, so that it is possible to embed a bent pipe or a curved steel material other than a circular pipe such as a square pipe or H steel. Further, since there is no need to install a digging device in the pipe, the efficiency of earth removal is improved, so that the construction efficiency can be greatly improved.
[0008]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the method of constructing an underground support according to the first aspect, in order to efficiently propel the bent pipe, the bent pipe is inserted while applying vibration to the guide blade. It is like that.
[0009]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the construction method of the underground support according to the first or second aspect, an inner pipe for discharging mud excavated by the jet water into the inside of the curved pipe. And the jet water injection nozzle is attached to the outer end of the inner pipe, so that even when the radius of curvature is small, it is possible to reliably perform curved boring. .
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the method of constructing an underground support according to the third aspect, in order to improve the strength of the bent pipe, its cross-sectional shape is changed in a direction in which a thickness in a radius of curvature direction is perpendicular to the thickness. It is a shape thicker than the thickness of.
[0010]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the method for constructing an underground support according to the third aspect, a bent steel material having an H-shaped cross section is used instead of the bent pipe, and the upper and lower bent materials are used. An inner pipe is attached between the flange portion and the web to insert and bury the steel material in the ground.
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of constructing an underground support according to any one of the third to fifth aspects, and the method of improving a ground pile according to the fifth aspect, wherein a rear end of the inner pipe is provided. A rock drill is connected to the section, and the bent pipe is inserted into the ground.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a view showing an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 denotes an advanced excavation which has been excavated in advance to construct two adjacent and parallel tunnels (main shafts) 11 and 12. A central shaft 20, which is a shaft, is installed in the central shaft 10, and from both shoulders 14a, 14b of the support 14 of the central shaft 10, the arch portions of the main shafts 11, 12 to be excavated are connected to the central shaft 10, respectively. This is a curved boring device for inserting and burying a cylindrical bent steel pipe 30 serving as a precedent support in a ground 15 to be formed.
2 and 3 are views showing details of the curved boring device 20. An inner pipe 21 is disposed inside the bent steel pipe 30 which is an outer pipe, concentrically with the bent steel pipe 30, and 22 is a bent pipe. A cylindrical guide blade 23 is attached to the tip of the steel pipe 30 along the outer periphery of the bent steel pipe 30. A jet 23 is provided between the bent steel pipe 30 and the inner pipe 21 inside the guide blade 22. A nozzle 24 is connected to the rear end of the inner pipe 21. A rock drill for propelling the inner pipe 21 is mounted with the rock drill 24. The rock drill 24 is mounted on the ground 15 It is a guide cell for sliding in the direction. As shown in FIG. 1, in the guide cell 25, at least the slide surface of the rock drill 24 is formed of a curved surface having the same curvature as the curved steel pipe 30. 26 is a swivel provided at the rear end of the bent steel pipe 30 for connecting the bent steel pipe 30 and the inner pipe 21; 27 is a water pipe for pumping high-pressure water to the jet nozzle 23; This is a discharge outlet provided at the rear end of the inner pipe 21. The water pipe 27 is provided inside the bent steel pipe 30 and along the outer periphery of the inner pipe 21. The other end of the water pipe 27 is connected to an inlet of high-pressure water fed from high-pressure water pumping means (not shown).
[0012]
Next, a method of constructing a pier will be described.
First, a bent steel pipe 30 having a guide blade 22 attached to the distal end side is inserted into a face 15a of the ground pile 15 excavated in advance, and an inner pipe having a jet nozzle 23 attached to a tip of an outer peripheral portion of the bent steel pipe 30 is attached to the bent steel pipe 30. 21 is inserted. Then, high-pressure jet water is jetted from the jet nozzle 23 provided inside the guide blade 22 into the ground 15 to excavate the ground 15, and the rock drill 24 is moved along the guide cell 25 along the guide cell 25. Then, the inner pipe 21 is propelled by moving toward the ground 15, and the bent steel pipe 30 and the inner pipe 21 are simultaneously inserted into the ground 15.
By the way, when the guide blade 22 is not attached to the distal end side of the bent steel pipe 30, the jet water spreads more than the width of the bent steel pipe 30 as shown in FIG. A direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the steel pipe 30 is also excavated. As described above, when the jet water spreads, not only does the excavation force itself due to the jet water decrease, so that the propulsion speed becomes slow, but also the surroundings of the bent steel pipe 30 generate voids due to overdigging, There is a problem that the ground is weakened due to excessive absorption of water into the ground.
On the other hand, in the present embodiment, since the guide blade 22 is attached to the distal end side of the bent steel pipe 30, the jet water is concentrated in a region almost close to the width of the guide blade 22, as shown in FIG. It is gushing. Therefore, the ground 15 can be efficiently excavated. In addition, it is difficult to form a gap around the bent steel pipe 30 serving as a preceding support due to overdigging, and the jet water does not diffuse. Therefore, since the ground is not weakened, it is possible to quickly and surely construct the preceding support.
At this time, for example, an ultrasonic vibrator or the like is attached to the guide blade 22 to apply vibration to the guide blade 22 or to apply vibration to the guide blade 22 by using a rock drill to make the bent steel pipe. If the thrust 30 and the inner pipe 21 are propelled, the excavation efficiency of the ground 15 can be further improved.
[0013]
In the case where the bent steel pipes 30 are added and extended, the bent steel pipes 30 and 30 are connected by welding as in the related art, but the inner pipe 21 is connected to the connecting portions of the inner pipes 21 and 21 as shown in FIG. A flange 21F provided with a projecting piece 21k projecting in the direction of the bent steel pipe 30 is attached to a position on the outer peripheral side, which is rotated by 45 ° with respect to the radius direction of curvature of the bent steel pipe 30, and the projecting pieces 21k of the flange 21F are attached to each other. Are connected by bolts 21B. At this time, the tip of the protruding piece 21k is made to substantially contact the inner wall of the bent steel pipe 30. Thereby, even when the bent steel pipe 30 is deformed such that its cross section is crushed in the radius of curvature direction by the pressure from the ground 15, not only can the center position of the bent steel pipe 30 be maintained, but also the Since 21F does not engage with the bent steel pipe 30, the bent steel pipe 30 can be smoothly inserted into the ground 15. Further, for the same reason, the recovery of the inner pipe 21 after the insertion of the bent steel pipe 30 can be performed smoothly. Further, even a low-priced bent steel pipe with inferior roundness accuracy can be smoothly inserted into the ground 15.
Further, in this example, since the inner pipes 21 and 21 are connected by the protruding pieces 21k of the flange 21F, the water supply pipe 27 can be passed between the protruding pieces 21k and 21k in the connection portion. Therefore, piping of the water supply pipe 27 becomes easy, and the space between the bent steel pipe 30 and the inner pipe 21 can be effectively utilized.
[0014]
The earth removed from the ground 15 is discharged to the outside through the inner pipe 21. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, a discharge outlet 28 is provided at the rear end of the inner pipe 21, and a discharge pump (not shown) is attached to the discharge outlet 28, and the excavated mud is removed. Is discharged to the outside of the inner tube 21. In this example, there is no equipment such as a digging device inside the inner pipe 21, so that it is possible to efficiently collect the discharged soil.
After the bent steel pipe 30 is buried in the ground 15 and used as a preliminary support in this way, the jet nozzle 23, the water supply pipe 27, and the inner pipe 21 are taken out from the bent steel pipe 30, and the bent pipe is taken out. An injection device having an injection pipe similar to the injection pipe 56 shown in FIG. 8 is inserted into the steel pipe 30, and a ground hardening agent is injected into the ground 15 from an injection hole (not shown) of the bent steel pipe 30. If the ground 15 around the bent steel pipe 30 is reinforced in this way, the preceding support can be further strengthened.
[0015]
As described above, in the present embodiment, the tubular guide blade 22 along the outer periphery of the bent pipe is attached to the distal end of the bent steel pipe 30, and the bent steel pipe 30 and the A jet nozzle 23 is attached between the inner pipe 21 disposed in the bent steel pipe 30 and high-pressure water is sent from the water supply pipe 27 to the jet nozzle 23, and high-pressure jet water is supplied from the inner space side of the guide blade 22. Since the bent steel pipe 30 serving as the precedent support is inserted into the base 15 while being squirted into the base 15 and excavating the base 15, the ground around the precedent support may be weakened. In addition, it is possible to easily construct a preceding support in the ground 15. Further, in this example, since the excavation is performed only by the jet water, there are no devices inside the inner pipe 21, so that the discharged soil can be efficiently collected.
[0016]
In the above-described embodiment, the case where the cylindrical bent steel pipe 30 is buried in the ground pile 15 and this is used as a preliminary support has been described. However, since the curved boring device 20 of this example has no rotating part, The cross-sectional shape of the bent steel pipe buried in the ground 15 can be arbitrarily selected.
FIG. 5A is a view showing an example thereof. Even if the cross-sectional shape is a rectangular bent steel pipe 31, if the cylindrical inner pipe 21 is provided inside the bent steel pipe 31 on the inner wall side, the above-described structure is obtained. The bent steel pipe 31 and the inner pipe 21 can be smoothly inserted into the ground 15. By the way, the magnitude of the pressure acting on the cross section of the bent steel pipe in the ground 15 is substantially constant in the circumferential direction in the case of a straight pipe, but in the case of a curved pipe, the magnitude is equal to that of the bent steel pipe. Since the radius of curvature is larger in the direction perpendicular to the radius of curvature, as shown in FIG. 5B, a force acts on the cross section of the bent steel pipe so as to crush the bent steel pipe in the radius of curvature direction. May be deformed and hinder propulsion. Therefore, in curved boring, it is necessary to increase the strength of the bent steel pipe. At this time, when the bent steel pipe is the cylindrical bent steel pipe 30 as in the above example, a method of increasing the thickness by increasing the thickness of the cylinder in the radius of curvature direction may be considered, but such a circular pipe is manufactured. It is not practical to do. Further, if the thickness of the entire bent steel pipe 30 is increased, the cost increases. However, in the present invention, since the cross-sectional shape of the bent steel pipe can be arbitrarily selected, for example, as shown in FIG. Among the curved steel pipes 31 having a rectangular cross-sectional shape, of the surfaces 31a and 31b in the direction of the radius of curvature (= surfaces perpendicular to the direction of the radius of curvature and corresponding to the upper surface and the lower surface in FIG. 3), the upper surface 31a having a large curvature is provided. Is formed thicker than the thickness of the lower surface 31b and the surfaces (side surfaces in the figure) 31c and 32d in the direction perpendicular to the radius of curvature, the bent steel pipe can be formed without increasing the thickness of the entire pipe. Since the strength of 31 can be improved, it is possible to construct a leading support using an inexpensive and high-strength bent steel pipe. It should be noted that the portion where the thickness of the bent steel pipe 31 is changed is not limited to the upper surface 31a having a large curvature, and the thickness of the lower surface 31b having a small curvature may be increased. If this is the case, the strength can be further improved.
[0017]
Further, as shown in FIG. 6, a bent steel material 32 having an H-shaped cross section can be used instead of the bent steel pipes 30 and 31. In this case, cylindrical inner tubes 21 and 21 are respectively provided between the upper and lower bent portions 32F and 32F of the bent steel material 32 and the web 32W. At this time, a plurality of injection holes 21h are provided in advance along the side surfaces of the inner pipes 21 and 21, and after the bent steel material 32 is embedded, an injection device is inserted into the inner pipe 21 to perform the injection. A ground hardening agent may be injected into the ground 15 through the holes 21h to reinforce the ground 15.
Since the bent steel material 32 having the H-shaped cross section is resistant to pressure from the vertical direction, a high-strength preceding support can be constructed, and the thick cylindrical bend steel pipe 30 and the cross-sectional shape are rectangular. It is easier to obtain than the bent steel pipe 31, and the cost can be reduced.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the guide blade is attached to the tip side of the bent pipe inserted into the ground, and the jet water injection nozzle is attached to the tip side inside the bent pipe, and the jet water from the jet water injection nozzle is supplied. Since the bent pipe is inserted into the ground while the ground is excavated by injecting the ground into the ground through the opening of the guide blade, and this is used as the preliminary support, the simple structure can be used. Can be constructed. In addition, since excavation is performed only with jet water that does not require a rotating mechanism, it is possible to increase the degree of freedom in the shape of the cross section of the drilled hole. A bent pipe or a curved steel material can be buried and used as a preliminary support. In addition, since it is not necessary to install a digging device or the like in the pipe, it is possible to efficiently discharge the soil, and the construction efficiency can be greatly improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a curved boring device according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a main part of a curved boring device.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a method of excavating a ground according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a view showing a method of inserting a bent steel pipe having a rectangular cross section.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a method of inserting a bent steel pipe having an H-shaped cross section.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an outline of a conventional curve boring apparatus.
FIG. 8 is a view showing a method of injecting a ground solidifying agent.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 Central shaft, 11, 12 shafts, 14 Central shaft support, 15 Ground, 20 Curve boring device, 21 inner pipe, 21F flange, 21k projecting piece, 21B bolt, 22 guide blade, 23 jet nozzle, 24 rock drills, 25 guide cells, 26 swivels, 27 water pipes, 28 dumping outlets, 30 bent steel pipes.

Claims (6)

先進導坑の側壁から曲がり管を地山に挿入して埋設しこれを先行支保工とする地中支保工の構築方法において、上記曲がり管の先端部に上記曲がり管の外周に沿った筒状の案内刃を取付けるとともに、上記曲がり管内部の先端側にジェット水噴射ノズルを取付けて、上記案内刃の開口部から、上記ジェット水噴射ノズルからのジェット水を上記地山内へ噴射しながら上記地山を掘削して、上記曲がり管を上記地山に挿入するようにしたことを特徴とする地中支保工の構築方法。In a method of constructing an underground support in which a bent pipe is inserted into the ground from the side wall of an advanced shaft and buried and is used as a precedent support, a cylindrical shape along the outer periphery of the bent pipe is provided at the tip of the bent pipe. At the same time, the jet blade is attached to the inside of the bent pipe, and a jet water jet nozzle is attached to the tip side of the bent pipe. A method of constructing an underground support, wherein a mountain is excavated and the bent pipe is inserted into the ground. 上記案内刃に振動を与えながら、上記曲がり管を挿入するようにしたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の地中支保工の構築方法。The method according to claim 1, wherein the bent pipe is inserted while applying vibration to the guide blade. 上記曲がり管の内側に、上記ジェット水により掘削された泥土を排出するための内管を取付け、この内管の外周側の先端部に上記ジェット水噴射ノズルを取付けたことを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の地中支保工の構築方法。An inner pipe for discharging mud excavated by the jet water is mounted inside the bent pipe, and the jet water injection nozzle is mounted at a tip on an outer peripheral side of the inner pipe. The method of constructing an underground support according to claim 1 or 2. 上記曲がり管の断面形状を、曲率半径方向の肉厚がそれに直角な方向の肉厚よりも厚い形状としたことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の地中支保工の構築方法。The method of constructing an underground support according to claim 3, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the bent pipe is such that a thickness in a radius direction of curvature is thicker than a thickness in a direction perpendicular to the radius direction. 上記曲がり管に代えて、断面がH型の曲がり鋼材を用いるとともに、上記曲がり鋼材の上,下のフランジ部とウェブとの間にそれぞれ内管を取付けたことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の地中支保工の構築方法。4. A bent steel material having an H-shaped cross section is used in place of the bent pipe, and an inner pipe is attached between the upper and lower flange portions of the bent steel material and the web, respectively. How to build an underground support. 上記内管の後端部に削岩機を連結して、上記曲がり管を地山内へ挿入するようにしたことを特徴とする請求項3〜請求項5のいずれかに記載の地中支保工の構築方法。The underground support according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein a rock drill is connected to a rear end of the inner pipe, and the bent pipe is inserted into the ground. How to build.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007040018A (en) * 2005-08-04 2007-02-15 Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd Tunnel structure for branch section or junction section of underground passage and its execution method
JP2010053667A (en) * 2008-08-29 2010-03-11 Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd Method and device for installing forepiling material

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007040018A (en) * 2005-08-04 2007-02-15 Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd Tunnel structure for branch section or junction section of underground passage and its execution method
JP4584068B2 (en) * 2005-08-04 2010-11-17 株式会社熊谷組 Construction method of tunnel structure for junction or junction of underground road
JP2010053667A (en) * 2008-08-29 2010-03-11 Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd Method and device for installing forepiling material

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