JP2004237709A - Concrete block and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Concrete block and method for manufacturing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004237709A
JP2004237709A JP2003065726A JP2003065726A JP2004237709A JP 2004237709 A JP2004237709 A JP 2004237709A JP 2003065726 A JP2003065726 A JP 2003065726A JP 2003065726 A JP2003065726 A JP 2003065726A JP 2004237709 A JP2004237709 A JP 2004237709A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
block
formwork
mold
decorative
concrete
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Pending
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JP2003065726A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Tokio Iizuka
時男 飯塚
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SHINTO KENCHI KOGYO KK
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SHINTO KENCHI KOGYO KK
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Priority to JP2003065726A priority Critical patent/JP2004237709A/en
Publication of JP2004237709A publication Critical patent/JP2004237709A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To develop a technology for simply manufacturing a decorative block with natural stones or the like embedded therein, by the immediate stripping process without employing a board pallet, a filler material, a setting retarder, or the like. <P>SOLUTION: The technology to simply manufacture the decorative block is developed through the steps of setting the front face of the block at an arbitrary angle from vertical to 45°, half-turning the immediately strippable formwork, arranging natural stones or the like on the front face board and fixing them with comb-like elastic metal wires, placing concrete material after returning the formwork, pulling out the comb-like fixture and press-forming, and washing the front face with high pressure water immediately after stripping the formwork to expose the decorative materials. Also the technology to control the shape of half-sized block and facilitate the work at the curved part is developed by fixing a separating board of various thickness and shape at the center of the formwork and forming. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、コンクリート製品の製造方法、さらに詳しくは、特に即時脱型法に利用される様々な表面化粧コンクリート製品の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来よりブロック表面に自然石等を埋め込む方法が多数提案されてきた。たとえば化粧用骨材と目止細骨材を型枠に投入し、水をかけ砂を下方に流し落とし、その上からコンクリートを打設する方法(特開平2−103103)、天然石等をパレット上で氷で固定化した後、コンクリート、モルタル等を打設する方法(実開昭60−191405)、表面化粧材の上からコンクリートを投入し、養生後、断層分離して化粧面が表出されるようにする方法(特開昭53−136028)、コンクリートの硬化前に表面に自然石を埋め込む方法等があるがこれらの製造方法としては流し込み法によるものが主であった。
【0003】
一方、即時脱型法は生産効率、生産コスト等において流し込み法に対して優位であるが、複雑な形状を形成するのは困難であった。この即時脱型法による表面化粧法としては50mm以上の骨材を面パレット上に並べ、0.1−10mmの骨材を目止骨材としてその間に詰め、上部よりスランプ0の超硬練りコンクリートを給材し、振動加圧を加え、コンクリート地肌を隠蔽したブロック(特願平5−237480)を製造する方法、面パレットに表面化粧材を並べ、その隙間に表面水を4.0−6.0%とした目止用骨材を詰めた後、これを反転させてブロック型枠の上面に冠着させる方法(特願昭63−6264)等がある。
【0004】
それらの技術に対して、前面を三分(1:0.3)以上に傾斜させ、そこに自然石等の化粧材を保持し、植生のためのポケットを備えた即時脱型ブロックおよびその製造法を開発した(特願2001−340029)。しかし、前面の傾斜を急勾配にすると自然石等の形状によっては成形中に崩れてしまうおそれがあった。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
反転式即時脱型法で化粧面を形成するには面パレットに化粧材をセットし、それを反転してブロックの上面に冠着させるが、化粧材の保持が困難で、重力または遠心力で落下してしまうので強力な接着剤等が必要となる。
【0006】
また即時脱型法では製造個数と同じ数の型枠を必要とする流し込み法と異なり、型枠は一式のみで安価に製造可能であるが、表面に化粧模様を設けようとすると、製品個数だけの面パレットを必要とし、この面では生産コストを上げる問題がある。
その点、面パレットを用いずに前面に簡易に自然石等の化粧材を保持させることは非常に有効である。
【0007】
さらに植生ブロック等は上砂を保持するポット部分等を備えるため形状が複雑となり、特に表面に自然石を埋め込んだ植生ブロックは即時脱型法では型枠に自然石を保持する必要があるのと横抜き穴等を要するため製造は困難であった。
【0008】
つまり、即時脱型法では上下面のみが加工可能であり、側面に機能を付与するのは擦り面を形成する以外は困難であった。
【0009】
一方、前面の自然石等はセメントペーストにより汚れてしまうので石の間のペーストが表面に出るのを防止する目止材が必要となり工程が煩雑となる。また、高圧水洗浄で化粧面を露出させる場合、化粧面は通常面パレットに接しているのでブロックが固化するまでその面を処理できないため、表面に固化遅延剤を塗布する必要がある。また、面パレットに接していない下面でも底板で直接加圧されており、骨材露出のための洗浄は効果的には行えず、骨材に付着したセメントペーストを洗い流すのは容易ではなく、過剰に洗浄を行うと、骨材面を損傷させてしまうため、やはり固化遅延剤が用いられる。
【0010】
本発明では生産効率、生産コストにおいて流し込み法に優る反転式即時脱型法で、前表面に化粧面を有し、かつ植生可能なポット部分を備えたコンクリートブロック等を面パレット、目止材、凝結遅延剤等を使用ぜずに簡便に製造する方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで、本発明ではブロックの前面を垂直から45度程度の任意の角度に傾斜させ、そこに自然石等を弾性を有する櫛状金属線材(図1)で固定し、給材した後、その線材を引き抜いてプレス成形する方法を開発した。
【0012】
まず、以前の開発技術(特願2001−340029)と同様な一定の角度を前面に持つ型枠(1)を用意する。その製造工程を図2によって説明する。
【0013】
イ.(第一工程)型枠を半回転し、型枠の前面部分をほぼ水平からわずかに前部を上げた状態で保持し、その上に自然石等(2)を並べ、型枠上部から金属櫛状固定具(3)で自然石等の化粧材を固定する(図2.a)。この場合、自然石を型枠に合わせた鉄板上に並べておいてカセット式に型枠にはめ込んでも良い。この鉄板は脱型後直ちにはずすことが出来、再使用が可能である。
る。
【0014】
ロ.(第二工程)その後、型枠を通常の位置に回転して給材箱(7)よりスランプゼロのフレッシュコンクリートの給材を行い、型枠内のコンクリート材を一定量化する(図2.b)。
【0015】
ハ、(第三工程)この材料に振動を加え、コンクリート材を安定化した後、金属櫛状固定具を引き抜き(図2.c)、プレス板(9)で加圧成型する(図2.d)。
【0016】
ニ、(第四工程)最後に反転して脱型する(図2.e)。次に型枠は半回転戻して最初の工程に戻る。
【0017】
ホ、(第五工程)脱型した製品は直ちに前面を高圧洗浄機で水洗いし、化粧材を露出させる。
【0018】
また、洗い出し化粧面の場合、高圧水洗浄で骨材を露出させるには凝結遅延剤が不可欠であったが、これに対して本開発技術では、直接加圧板の当たっていない前面のセメントペーストは洗浄されやすく、面板にも接していないので脱型直後でも高圧水洗浄により、凝結遅延剤を用いないで容易に化粧材を露出できる特徴がある。
【0019】
一方、このブロックを積む場合、半サイズ製品を必要とするが、通常そのための型枠を別に必要とする。また、湾曲部を勾配をつけて積む場合、下部と上部とではサイズにずれが生じてくるが、このことが植生ブロックや大型ブロックでは大きな問題になり、サイズの異なるブロックの専用型枠を必要とすることになる。
【0020】
この問題を解決するため、鋭意検討した結果、湾曲部を形成するのに適した半サイズ品を、型枠の中心に分離板をセットすることによって専用の型枠を用いずに容易に製造することができ、また、その分離板の厚さ、形状等を変えることにより任意のサイズ、形状の半サイズ品を型枠を交換する事無しに容易に製造可能となる技術を開発した。つまり、凸状の湾曲部では上部と後部が狭まった製品を必要とし、逆に凹状湾曲部では上部と後部が広がった製品を必要とする。その場合には図3のような分離板を型枠の中央にセットして通常の即時脱型を行なえば望む半サイズ製品を左右同時に得ることになる。
【0021】
【効果】
本発明は、設計に応じた勾配を前面に持つブロックの面に、面パレット、目止材、凝結遅延剤等を用いずに容易に化粧面を作成でき、同時に植生ポット機能等も付加可能であり、自然の景観と植生の共存するブロックの廉価な製造を可能とする。
【0022】
また、即時脱型型枠中央に分離板を設けることにより、専用の型枠を用いずに左右対称の半サイズ製品を製造でき、また、その分離板の形状、厚みを変えることにより湾曲部に対応するサイズの調節を製造段階で容易に行える特徴を有する。
【実施例1】
前面三分(1:0.3)の傾斜を持つ型枠を半回転し、型枠の前面傾斜板をほぼ水平からわずかに前部を上げた状態に保持し、その上に湿らせた自然石を並べ、金属櫛状固定具で固定化し、型枠を正転させ、硬練りコンクリート(粗骨材909Kg、細骨材1146Kg、普通ポルトランドセメント303Kg、水120Kg)を給材した。その後、振動を加えコンクリート材を安定化後、櫛状固定具を引き抜き、加圧、脱型して面の大きさ450mmx1000mmのブロックを作成し、前面を高圧水洗浄し、自然石を露出させた。14日の養生後、面の自然石は20kgの岩石をチェーンで吊り、高さ1mのところより斜めに落下させても剥がれることなくひびわれも発生しなかった。
【0022】
【実施例2】
凝結遅延剤を含まずに通常の硬練りコンクリート(粗骨材909Kg、細骨材1146Kg、普通ポルトランドセメント303Kg、水120Kg)のみを給材し、加圧、脱型して面の大きさ450mmx1000mmのブロックを作成した。脱型直後、前面を高圧水洗浄し、構成骨材を露出させた。14日の養生後、前面は20kgの岩石をチェーンで吊り、高さ1mのところより斜めに落下させても表面に傷はついたが水で流すと骨材面の傷は全く目立たず不自然さは見られなかった。
【実施例3】
前面三分の傾斜を持つ型枠を半回転し、型枠の前面傾斜板をほぼ水平からわずかに前部を上げた状態に保持し、中央部に前下部厚さ10mm、後部厚さ40mmの分離板を固定し、その両側の前面板に湿らせた自然石を並べ、金属櫛状固定具で固定化し、型枠を正転させ、硬練りコンクリート(粗骨材909Kg、細骨材1146Kg、普通ポルトランドセメント303Kg、水120Kg)を給材した。その後、振動を加えコンクリート材を安定化後、櫛状固定具を引き抜き、加圧、脱型して凸面傾斜積み用左右半サイズブロックを作成した。脱型後直ちに前面を高圧水洗浄して自然石を露出させ、養生固化後2個に分離した。この左右半サイズブロックを用いて湾曲部施工が容易に行えることが明らかとなった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】櫛状金属線材固定具の概念図である。
【図2】工程図である。
【図3】分離板の実施例を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1.型枠
2.自然石
3.櫛状金属線剤固定具
4.ポット用中子
5.回転中心
6.固定具ストッパー
7.給材箱
8.練コンクリート
9 プレス板
[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a method for producing a concrete product, and more particularly, to a method for producing various surface-decorated concrete products used particularly for immediate demolding.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, many methods of embedding natural stones or the like on a block surface have been proposed. For example, a method in which cosmetic aggregates and fine aggregates are put into a mold, water is poured down sand, and concrete is poured from above (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-103103), natural stones and the like are placed on a pallet After fixing with ice, concrete, mortar, etc. are cast (Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-open No. 60-191405). Concrete is poured from above the surface decorative material, and after curing, the fault is separated and the decorative surface is exposed. There is a method (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 53-136028), a method of embedding natural stones in the surface before hardening of concrete, and the like.
[0003]
On the other hand, the immediate demolding method is superior to the casting method in production efficiency, production cost, and the like, but it is difficult to form a complicated shape. As a surface makeup method by this immediate demolding method, aggregates of 50 mm or more are arranged on a surface pallet, and 0.1-10 mm aggregates are packed as filler aggregates therebetween. And applying vibration pressure to produce a block concealing the concrete ground (Japanese Patent Application No. 5-237480). Surface cosmetic materials are arranged on a surface pallet, and 4.0-6 surface water is filled in the gaps. There is a method of packing the filling aggregate of 0.0%, inverting the filling, and mounting it on the upper surface of the block form (Japanese Patent Application No. 63-6264).
[0004]
For those technologies, the front surface is inclined more than three minutes (1: 0.3), a natural stone or other cosmetic material is held there, and a quick-release block with a pocket for vegetation and its production. A method was developed (Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-340029). However, if the inclination of the front surface is made to be steep, there is a possibility that the front surface may collapse during the molding depending on the shape of the stone.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In order to form a decorative surface by the inversion type immediate demolding method, a decorative material is set on the surface pallet, and it is inverted to be crowned on the upper surface of the block, but it is difficult to hold the decorative material, and gravity or centrifugal force is used. Since it will fall, a strong adhesive or the like is required.
[0006]
Unlike the casting method, which requires the same number of molds as the number of molds to be manufactured, the instant demolding method can be manufactured at low cost with only one set of molds. In this aspect, there is a problem that the production cost is increased.
In this regard, it is very effective to simply hold a decorative material such as natural stone on the front surface without using a surface pallet.
[0007]
In addition, vegetation blocks have a complicated shape because they have pots and other parts that hold the top sand.In particular, vegetation blocks with natural stone embedded in the surface need to hold natural stone in the formwork in the immediate demolding method. Manufacture was difficult due to the necessity of horizontal holes.
[0008]
That is, only the upper and lower surfaces can be processed by the immediate demolding method, and it is difficult to impart functions to the side surfaces other than forming a rubbing surface.
[0009]
On the other hand, natural stones and the like on the front surface are soiled by the cement paste, so that a sealing material for preventing the paste between the stones from being exposed on the surface is required, and the process becomes complicated. When the decorative surface is exposed by high-pressure water washing, the decorative surface is usually in contact with the surface pallet, so that the surface cannot be treated until the block is solidified. Therefore, it is necessary to apply a solidification retarder to the surface. In addition, the bottom surface is not directly in contact with the surface pallet and is directly pressed by the bottom plate, so that cleaning for exposing the aggregates cannot be performed effectively, and it is not easy to wash out the cement paste adhering to the aggregates. If the washing is carried out at the same time, the aggregate surface will be damaged. Therefore, a solidification retarder is also used.
[0010]
In the present invention, the production efficiency, the reversible immediate demolding method superior to the casting method in production cost, has a decorative surface on the front surface, and a concrete block or the like with a vegetable pot portion, a surface pallet, a sealing material, It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for easily producing without using a setting retarder or the like.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, in the present invention, the front surface of the block is inclined at an arbitrary angle of about 45 degrees from the vertical, natural stones and the like are fixed to the comb-like metal wire rod having elasticity (FIG. 1), and the wire rod is supplied. And a press molding method was developed.
[0012]
First, a mold (1) having a fixed angle on the front surface similar to the previously developed technology (Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-340029) is prepared. The manufacturing process will be described with reference to FIG.
[0013]
I. (First step) The mold is rotated half a turn, and the front part of the mold is held with the front part slightly raised from substantially horizontal. Natural stones and the like (2) are arranged thereon, and metal is placed from the upper part of the mold. A decorative material such as natural stone is fixed with the comb-shaped fixing device (3) (FIG. 2.a). In this case, natural stones may be arranged on an iron plate matched to the mold, and fitted into the mold in a cassette manner. This iron plate can be removed immediately after demolding and can be reused.
You.
[0014]
B. (Second step) After that, the form is rotated to a normal position, slump-free fresh concrete is supplied from the supply box (7), and the concrete material in the form is reduced to a constant amount (FIG. 2.b). ).
[0015]
C. (Third step) After vibration is applied to this material to stabilize the concrete material, the metal comb-shaped fixture is pulled out (FIG. 2.c), and pressed with a press plate (9) (FIG. 2. d).
[0016]
D. (Fourth step) Finally, the mold is inverted and removed (FIG. 2.e). Next, the mold is returned by a half turn and returns to the first step.
[0017]
E, (fifth step) The demolded product is immediately washed with a high-pressure washing machine on the front surface to expose the cosmetic material.
[0018]
In addition, in the case of a wash-out decorative surface, a setting retarder was indispensable for exposing the aggregate by high-pressure water washing.On the other hand, in the present developed technology, the cement paste on the front side not directly contacted with the pressing plate was used. It is easy to clean and does not contact the face plate, so it has a feature that the cosmetic material can be easily exposed by using high-pressure water washing immediately after demolding without using a setting retarder.
[0019]
On the other hand, when this block is stacked, a half-size product is required, but usually a separate formwork is required. In addition, when stacking curved sections with a gradient, the size of the lower part and the upper part will be different, but this will be a big problem for vegetation blocks and large blocks, and special formwork for blocks of different sizes will be required. It will be.
[0020]
In order to solve this problem, as a result of intensive studies, a half-size product suitable for forming a curved portion can be easily manufactured without using a dedicated mold by setting a separation plate at the center of the mold. By changing the thickness, shape, etc. of the separation plate, a technology has been developed that makes it possible to easily manufacture half-size products of any size and shape without changing the mold. In other words, a convex curved portion requires a product having a narrowed upper portion and a rear portion, and a concave curved portion requires a product having a widened upper portion and a rear portion. In such a case, if a separation plate as shown in FIG. 3 is set at the center of the mold frame and ordinary immediate demolding is performed, desired half-size products can be obtained at the same time.
[0021]
【effect】
The present invention makes it possible to easily create a decorative surface on the surface of a block having a gradient according to the design in front without using a surface pallet, a sealing material, a setting retarder, etc., and at the same time, a vegetation pot function can be added. Yes, it enables low-cost production of blocks where natural landscapes and vegetation coexist.
[0022]
In addition, by providing a separation plate at the center of the instant release mold, a symmetrical half-size product can be manufactured without using a dedicated mold, and by changing the shape and thickness of the separation plate, It has the feature that the corresponding size adjustment can be easily made at the manufacturing stage.
Embodiment 1
A half-turn of the formwork with the front three-minute (1: 0.3) slope, the front slope plate of the formwork is held slightly elevated from the front, and the top is slightly moistened. The stones were arranged, fixed with a metal comb fixture, the mold was rotated forward, and rigid concrete (909 kg of coarse aggregate, 1146 kg of fine aggregate, 303 kg of ordinary Portland cement, 120 kg of water) was supplied. Then, after the concrete material was stabilized by applying vibration, the comb-shaped fixture was pulled out, pressed and released to form a block having a surface size of 450 mm × 1000 mm, and the front surface was washed with high-pressure water to expose natural stone. . After curing on the 14th, the natural stone on the surface was 20 kg of rock suspended from a chain and dropped obliquely from a height of 1 m without peeling or cracking.
[0022]
Embodiment 2
Only ordinary hardened concrete (coarse aggregate 909 kg, fine aggregate 1146 kg, ordinary Portland cement 303 kg, water 120 kg) without a setting retarder is fed, pressurized and demolded to a surface size of 450 mm × 1000 mm. Created a block. Immediately after demolding, the front surface was washed with high-pressure water to expose the constituent aggregate. After curing on the 14th, 20kg of rock was hung with a chain on the front, and the surface was scratched even if it was dropped obliquely from a height of 1m. I didn't see it.
Embodiment 3
The mold with the front three-minute inclination is rotated half a turn, and the front inclined plate of the mold is held with the front part slightly raised from almost horizontal, and the front lower part thickness 10 mm and the rear part thickness 40 mm in the center part. The separation plate is fixed, wet natural stones are arranged on the front plates on both sides thereof, fixed with a metal comb-like fixing tool, the formwork is rotated forward, and the stiffened concrete (coarse aggregate 909 kg, fine aggregate 1146 kg, Normal Portland cement (303 kg, water: 120 kg) was supplied. After that, the concrete material was stabilized by applying vibration, and then the comb-like fixture was pulled out, pressed, and demolded to prepare left and right half-size blocks for convex inclined stacking. Immediately after demolding, the front surface was washed with high-pressure water to expose natural stones, and after curing and solidification, separated into two pieces. It became clear that the curved portion can be easily constructed using the left and right half-size blocks.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a conceptual view of a comb-shaped metal wire fixing device.
FIG. 2 is a process chart.
FIG. 3 is a view showing an embodiment of a separation plate.
[Explanation of symbols]
1. Formwork 2. Natural stone3. Comb-shaped metal wire fixing device 4. 4. Core for pot Center of rotation 6. Fixture stopper 7. Supply box 8. Concrete 9 Press plate

Claims (4)

自然石、ポーラスコンクリート、化粧面、木材等を勾配が垂直から45度の任意の角度に傾斜した前面に保持した、反転式即時脱型法により製造することを特徴とするコンクリートブロック。A concrete block manufactured by a reversing immediate demolding method in which natural stone, porous concrete, decorative surface, wood, etc. are held on the front surface inclined at an arbitrary angle of 45 degrees from vertical. 即時脱型型枠の前面部分に目止用材を用いずに並べた自然石等の化粧材を櫛状の金属線材で押さえることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコンクリートブロックの製造方法。The method for producing a concrete block according to claim 1, wherein a decorative material such as natural stones arranged without using a filler material on a front portion of the instant mold release form is pressed by a comb-shaped metal wire. 即時脱型型枠の底面またはプレス板に接する面以外の面を凝結遅延剤を用いずに、脱型後、高圧水洗浄して骨材を露出させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコンクリートブロックの製造方法。The surface of the instant mold release mold is subjected to high-pressure washing with water after removing the mold without using a setting retarder without exposing the bottom surface or the surface in contact with the press plate to expose the aggregate. Method of manufacturing concrete blocks. 即時脱型型枠の中央に任意の厚さ、形の分離板をセットし、成型して、必要とする形状の半サイズブロックを製造することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のブロックの製造方法2. A block according to claim 1, wherein a half-size block having a required shape is manufactured by setting a separator having an arbitrary thickness and shape at the center of the instant mold release mold and molding the same. Method
JP2003065726A 2003-02-05 2003-02-05 Concrete block and method for manufacturing the same Pending JP2004237709A (en)

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