JP2004237181A - Methane fermentation treatment apparatus for organic waste - Google Patents

Methane fermentation treatment apparatus for organic waste Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004237181A
JP2004237181A JP2003027923A JP2003027923A JP2004237181A JP 2004237181 A JP2004237181 A JP 2004237181A JP 2003027923 A JP2003027923 A JP 2003027923A JP 2003027923 A JP2003027923 A JP 2003027923A JP 2004237181 A JP2004237181 A JP 2004237181A
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Prior art keywords
methane fermentation
water
organic waste
fermentation treatment
biogas
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Tadashi Nakagawa
匡 中川
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Fuji Electric Co Ltd
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Fuji Electric Systems Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/20Sludge processing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/20Waste processing or separation

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  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Drying Of Gases (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a methane fermentation treatment apparatus for organic wastes such as garbage, which apparatus is adapted so that, although slurried organic wastes are adjusted to a specified total solid (TS) concentration in order to realize a stabilized treatment in such an apparatus, the amount of external diluting water used for this adjustment may be reduced, and the running cost for the treatment may be reduced. <P>SOLUTION: The methane fermentation treatment apparatus for organic wastes is characterized in that the water contained in the biogas produced in a methane fermentation treatment is separated and recovered by using e.g., a cooling water circulation type gas cooler, and the separated and recovered water is sent through a pipe and used as part of the diluting water for raw material. This reduces the amount of externally supplied water. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、生ごみ、食品加工残滓、畜産廃棄物、消化汚泥、活性汚泥処理などの余剰汚泥を含む有機性廃棄物のメタン発酵処理方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
生ごみ、汚泥等の有機性廃棄物のほとんどは、焼却や埋立処分されているが、焼却に伴うダイオキシンの発生や埋立処分地の逼迫や悪臭などの問題から、環境負荷の少ない処理方法が求められている。これらの問題を解決するために有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵処理し、発生したメタンガスを燃料電池やガスエンジンを用いて発電するシステムが開発されている。
メタン発酵は、投入原料となる有機性廃棄物を粉砕・スラリー化した後に、このスラリーを発酵槽に投入し、嫌気性下でメタン菌により発酵処理することで、有機性廃棄物をメタンガスに転換するもので、投入原料の性状や運転条件などにより、様々な処理方法や発酵槽が提案されている。
【0003】
このメタン発酵法は、有機性廃棄物をバイオガスと水と残さ、廃液とに分解して大幅に固形成分を減量することができ、またメタン発酵自体が嫌気性処理で曝気動力が不要であるために省エネルギーの処理法であり、しかも副産物として生成するバイオガス中にはメタンガスが大量に含まれており、このメタンガスを熱原料として利用することで、エネルギーを回収できるというメリットがある。
従来、生ごみ等の有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵法で効率的に処理するシステムとしては、有機性廃棄物をペースト状に粉砕して、50〜60℃で大きな活性を示す高温メタン菌で処理するシステムが、特開平10−137730や特開平13−46997等の特許公報に開示されている。このシステムでは、36〜38℃の中温で活性が大きくなる中温菌に比べて、50〜60℃で働く高温菌は、2〜3倍の活性を持っており、高温菌でメタン発酵を行うことで分解速度の向上と消化率の向上を図ることができるとしている。
【0004】
これら、従来技術の例としてのメタン発酵装置の構成図を図3に示し、その処理の概要を説明する。
この図においてメタン発酵装置は、粗粉砕機2と微粉砕機3とからなる粉砕装置1、スラリー調整槽4、メタン発酵槽5などで構成されている。メタン発酵の原料となる有機性廃棄物(原料生ゴミ)11は粉砕装置1で処理されるが、まず、高圧粉砕機等の粗粉砕機2で粉砕され、さらに分解速度の向上と消化率の向上を図るために微粉砕機3で微粉砕・ペースト化される。このペースト状有機性廃棄物12は、スラリー調整槽4に投入され、外部希釈水14と混合されて適当な固形物濃度に希釈調整されてスラリー化される。このスラリー状有機性廃棄物13はメタン発酵槽5に送られ、メタン発酵槽5内でメタンガスを多量に含むバイオガス15と残さ・廃液16とに分解されて、処理を終了する。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
有機性廃棄物のメタン発酵で安定した処理を実現するためには、前記のスラリー状有機性廃棄物13の性状は、固形物(TS)濃度10%程度、COD負荷5〜20kg−COD/m・d、発酵槽内滞留時間10〜25日といった条件で運転されることが多い。通常、ペースト状有機性廃棄物12のTS濃度は20〜30%程度であり、所定のTS濃度にするためには、原料としての有機性廃棄物11に1〜2倍程度の希釈水を添加する必要があり、前記の外部希釈水14で調整されている。
【0006】
しかしながら、この外部希釈水14の水源を確保することは、メタン発酵処理装置のランニングコストの増大につながるという問題があった。
本発明の目的は、有機性廃棄物のメタン発酵で安定した処理を実現しながら、上記の問題点を解決するために、外部希釈水の水量を低減する方法を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の目的を達成するために、本発明においては、生ごみ等の有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵処理してバイオガス等の資源回収を回収するメタン発酵処理装置において、バイオガス中に含まれる水分を回収して原料希釈水の一部としてとして使用することとする。
また、その際に、バイオガス中に含まれる水分の回収に、冷却水循環型のガス冷却器を使用することとする。
この結果、外部からの水の添加量を少なくすることができ、ランニングコストを低減できる。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施例について、図1に基づき説明する。
図1は、本発明の実施例としてのメタン発酵装置の構成図である。本発明の構成図の図1は、従来技術例の構成図の図3と比べて、ガス冷却器6とガス冷却器6で分離された回収水17を外部希釈水14のスラリー調整槽4の口に戻す配管とが追加されている点が異なる。
本発明での処理で従来技術と異なっている点の概要を以下に説明する。
図1において、有機性廃棄物(原料生ゴミ)11は、粉砕処理でペースト状にされ、外部希釈水14との混合でスラリー化されて、メタン発酵槽5に送られる。メタン発酵槽5内では、水蒸気と多量のメタンガスとを含むバイオガス15と、残さ・廃液16とに分解されるが、このバイオガス15はさらにガス冷却器6を通り、ここで水蒸気を除去されたバイオガス18と水蒸気の液化した水とに分離され、その中の液化した水は回収水17として新設された配管で外部希釈水14に合流してスラリーの調整に使用され、外部希釈水の添加量の減少に役立つ。
【0009】
次に、本発明の実験例について、図2に基づき説明する。
この実験例では、図2に示すようにメタン発酵槽5とガス冷却器6とで実験装置を構成し、槽容量2Lのメタン発酵槽5を用いて、発酵温度55℃での発酵試験を行った。有機性廃棄物を模擬した基質としては、果物類、穀物類、肉、魚類などからなる模擬生ゴミを使用した。この模擬生ゴミは重量比1:1の水で希釈し、固形分濃度が約10%となるように調整したものを用いた。1回/日残さ・廃液として一定量の槽内容物の基質引抜20を行った後、基質投入19を行うものとし、槽内の基質滞留時間が15日になるように運転を行った。発生したバイオガス15は、10℃の冷却水を循環したガス冷却器6を通すことで、水蒸気を除去したバイオガス18と回収水17とに分離し、ガス発生量と回収水量とを測定した。この運転に於いて、バイオガスは約10L/日発生し、この時回収された水量は約2g/日であった。滞留時間15日の運転で投入される基質量は約130gであり、1:1の希釈では希釈水として65gの水が使用される。回収された水は必要量の約3%であり、回収水を原料希釈水としてスラリー調整槽に戻して使用することにより、外部からの水添加量を約3%削減することができた。
【0010】
メタン発酵槽で発生したバイオガス中に含まれる水を回収し、原料希釈水としてスラリー調整槽に戻した。外部からの水添加量を低減することができた。
【0011】
【発明の効果】
有機性廃棄物のメタン発酵処理装置で、ガス冷却器などでバイオガス中に含まれる水分を回収して、原料希釈水の一部としてとして使用することにより、外部から供給する水の量を低減することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明のメタン発酵装置の構成図
【図2】本発明のメタン発酵の実施例を示す図
【図3】従来技術の例としてのメタン発酵装置の構成図
【符号の説明】
1: 粉砕装置
2: 粗粉砕機
3: 微粉砕機
4: スラリー調整槽
5: メタン発酵槽
6: ガス冷却器
11: 有機性廃棄物(原料生ゴミ)
12: ペースト状有機性廃棄物
13: スラリー状有機性廃棄物
14: 外部希釈水
15: バイオガス
16: 残さ・廃液
17: 回収水
18: バイオガス(水蒸気無し)
19: 基質投入(模擬生ゴミ)
20: 基質引抜
21: 冷却水
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for methane fermentation of organic waste including excess sludge such as garbage, food processing residue, livestock waste, digested sludge, activated sludge, and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Most organic wastes such as garbage and sludge are incinerated or landfilled.However, due to problems such as generation of dioxin due to incineration, tight landfill sites and bad odors, it is necessary to treat the waste with a low environmental load. Have been. In order to solve these problems, a system has been developed in which organic waste is subjected to methane fermentation treatment and generated methane gas is generated using a fuel cell or a gas engine.
Methane fermentation converts organic waste into methane gas by pulverizing and slurrying organic waste, which is the input raw material, and then putting this slurry into a fermenter and fermenting it with methane bacteria under anaerobic conditions. Various treatment methods and fermenters have been proposed depending on the properties of input raw materials and operating conditions.
[0003]
This methane fermentation method decomposes organic waste into biogas, water, and waste liquid to greatly reduce solid components, and methane fermentation itself is anaerobic and does not require aeration power. Therefore, this is an energy-saving treatment method, and the biogas generated as a by-product contains a large amount of methane gas, and there is an advantage that energy can be recovered by using this methane gas as a heat source.
Conventionally, as a system for efficiently processing organic waste such as garbage by the methane fermentation method, the organic waste is pulverized into a paste and treated with a high-temperature methane bacterium having a large activity at 50 to 60 ° C. Such systems are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 10-137730 and 13-46997. In this system, thermophilic bacteria that work at 50-60 ° C have 2-3 times the activity compared to mesophilic bacteria whose activity increases at medium temperature of 36-38 ° C. It can improve the decomposition rate and digestibility.
[0004]
FIG. 3 shows a configuration diagram of a methane fermentation apparatus as an example of these conventional techniques, and an outline of the processing will be described.
In this figure, the methane fermentation apparatus includes a pulverization apparatus 1 including a coarse pulverizer 2 and a fine pulverizer 3, a slurry adjustment tank 4, a methane fermentation tank 5, and the like. An organic waste (raw material garbage) 11 serving as a raw material for methane fermentation is processed by a crusher 1, but is first crushed by a coarse crusher 2 such as a high-pressure crusher to further improve the decomposition rate and improve digestibility. It is finely pulverized and made into a paste by the fine pulverizer 3 for improvement. The paste-like organic waste 12 is put into the slurry adjusting tank 4 and mixed with the external dilution water 14 so as to be diluted and adjusted to an appropriate solid concentration to be slurried. The organic waste 13 in the form of slurry is sent to the methane fermentation tank 5, where it is decomposed into a biogas 15 containing a large amount of methane gas and a residue / waste liquid 16 in the methane fermentation tank 5 to complete the treatment.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In order to realize a stable treatment by methane fermentation of organic waste, the properties of the slurry organic waste 13 are as follows: solid (TS) concentration of about 10%, COD load of 5 to 20 kg-COD / m The operation is often performed under the conditions of 3 · d and a residence time in the fermenter of 10 to 25 days. Usually, the TS concentration of the paste-like organic waste 12 is about 20 to 30%, and in order to obtain a predetermined TS concentration, about 1 to 2 times dilution water is added to the organic waste 11 as a raw material. It has to be adjusted with the external dilution water 14 described above.
[0006]
However, securing the water source of the external dilution water 14 has a problem that the running cost of the methane fermentation treatment device is increased.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for reducing the amount of external dilution water in order to solve the above-mentioned problems while realizing stable treatment of organic waste by methane fermentation.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, in a methane fermentation treatment apparatus for recovering resources such as biogas by subjecting organic waste such as garbage to methane fermentation, the water contained in the biogas And used as a part of the raw material dilution water.
In this case, a cooling water circulation type gas cooler is used for collecting water contained in the biogas.
As a result, the amount of water added from outside can be reduced, and the running cost can be reduced.
[0008]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a methane fermentation apparatus as an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 of the block diagram of the present invention is different from FIG. 3 of the block diagram of the prior art example in that the gas cooler 6 and the recovered water 17 separated by the gas cooler 6 are used for the slurry adjusting tank 4 of the external dilution water 14. The difference is that a pipe to return to the mouth is added.
The outline of the difference between the present invention and the prior art in the processing in the present invention will be described below.
In FIG. 1, organic waste (raw material garbage) 11 is made into a paste by a pulverization process, slurried by mixing with an external dilution water 14, and sent to the methane fermentation tank 5. In the methane fermentation tank 5, the biogas 15 containing steam and a large amount of methane gas is decomposed into a residue / waste liquid 16. The biogas 15 further passes through the gas cooler 6, where the steam is removed. The separated biogas 18 and the liquefied water of steam are separated, and the liquefied water therein is combined with the external dilution water 14 through a newly installed pipe as the recovered water 17 and used for adjusting the slurry. Helps to reduce the amount added.
[0009]
Next, an experimental example of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
In this experimental example, as shown in FIG. 2, an experimental apparatus is composed of a methane fermentation tank 5 and a gas cooler 6, and a fermentation test is performed at a fermentation temperature of 55 ° C. using a methane fermentation tank 5 having a tank capacity of 2 L. Was. As a substrate simulating organic waste, simulated garbage composed of fruits, grains, meat, fish and the like was used. This simulated garbage was diluted with water at a weight ratio of 1: 1 and used so that the solid content concentration was adjusted to about 10%. Once a day, a certain amount of the substrate contents as the residue / waste liquid was subjected to substrate withdrawal 20, and then substrate introduction 19 was performed. The operation was performed so that the substrate residence time in the tank was 15 days. The generated biogas 15 was separated into a biogas 18 from which water vapor had been removed and a recovered water 17 by passing through a gas cooler 6 circulating 10 ° C. cooling water, and the gas generation amount and the recovered water amount were measured. . In this operation, about 10 L / day of biogas was generated, and the amount of water recovered at this time was about 2 g / day. The base mass charged in the operation with a residence time of 15 days is about 130 g, and 1: 1 dilution uses 65 g of water as dilution water. The recovered water was about 3% of the required amount, and the amount of water added from outside could be reduced by about 3% by using the recovered water as the raw material dilution water and returning it to the slurry adjusting tank.
[0010]
Water contained in the biogas generated in the methane fermentation tank was collected and returned to the slurry adjustment tank as raw material dilution water. The amount of external water addition was reduced.
[0011]
【The invention's effect】
A methane fermentation treatment system for organic waste that reduces the amount of water supplied from outside by collecting water contained in biogas with a gas cooler and using it as part of raw material dilution water can do.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a methane fermentation device of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an embodiment of methane fermentation of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a methane fermentation device as an example of a conventional technique.
1: crusher 2: coarse crusher 3: fine crusher 4: slurry adjusting tank 5: methane fermentation tank 6: gas cooler 11: organic waste (raw garbage)
12: Paste-like organic waste 13: Slurry-like organic waste 14: External dilution water 15: Biogas 16: Residue / wastewater 17: Recovered water 18: Biogas (no steam)
19: Substrate loading (simulated garbage)
20: Substrate withdrawal 21: Cooling water

Claims (2)

生ごみ等の有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵処理してバイオガス等の資源回収を回収するメタン発酵処理装置において、バイオガス中に含まれる水分を回収して原料希釈水の一部として使用することを特徴とする有機性廃棄物のメタン発酵処理装置。In a methane fermentation treatment system that collects resources such as biogas by methane fermentation of organic waste such as garbage, collect water contained in biogas and use it as a part of raw material dilution water A methane fermentation treatment apparatus for organic waste, characterized in that: 請求項1に記載の有機性廃棄物のメタン発酵処理装置において、バイオガス中に含まれる水分の回収に、冷却水循環型のガス冷却器を使用することを特徴とする有機性廃棄物のメタン発酵処理装置。The organic waste methane fermentation treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a cooling water circulation-type gas cooler is used for collecting water contained in the biogas. Processing equipment.
JP2003027923A 2003-02-05 2003-02-05 Methane fermentation treatment apparatus for organic waste Pending JP2004237181A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103451095A (en) * 2013-09-05 2013-12-18 广西华淇节能环保工程有限公司 Method for preparing marsh gas through straw, excrement and kitchen waste

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103451095A (en) * 2013-09-05 2013-12-18 广西华淇节能环保工程有限公司 Method for preparing marsh gas through straw, excrement and kitchen waste
CN103451095B (en) * 2013-09-05 2014-12-24 广西华淇节能环保工程有限公司 Method for preparing marsh gas through straw, excrement and kitchen waste

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