JP2004229564A - Barking damage-protective net - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a barking damage-protective net imposing no load on the environment, needing neither recovering nor transporting work, simple in workability, and prevented from slipping off a tree. <P>SOLUTION: The net to be set on a tree and intended for protecting the tree from being barked by birds/harmful animals including bear and deer comprises a fiber-based biodegradable netty structure 2 and a fiber-based biodegradable stringy tightening element 3 for setting the netty structure 2 on the tree. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【００４７】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述した如く本発明によれば、繊維を構成要素とする生分解性を有する網状構造体と、この網状構造体を樹木にセットする，繊維を構成要素とする生分解性を有する紐状締結体とを具備した構成にすることにより、破損して放置されたり、役目を終えて土中に埋設しても自然界の微生物で生分解することにより、環境に負荷を与えないとともに、回収や運搬作業の必要のない剥皮被害防護ネットを提供できる。
【００４８】
また、本発明によれば、前記繊維として、編み組織と捲縮形状を有する繊維を用いることにより、樹木の生長に伴う樹木の増大に対して対応できる十分な伸縮性を有するとともに、樹木に直接巻き付けることができ、もって従来のようにネットを保持することを目的として樹木の周囲に所定間隔で設置される支柱を必要とせず、施工性が簡便な剥皮被害防護ネットを提供できる。
【００４９】
更に、本発明によれば、網状構造体及び紐状締結体の構成要素である繊維として捲縮形状で嵩高性を有する生分解性マルチフィラメント、モノフィラメント、フラットヤーンを用いることにより、樹皮との絡み合いを増して樹木からの滑落を防止できる剥皮被害防護ネットを提供できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の実施例１に係る剥皮被害防護ネットの網状構造体の平面図。
【図２】図１の要部の拡大平面図。
【図３】本発明の実施例２に係る剥皮被害防護ネットの網状構造体の平面図。
【図４】図３の要部の拡大平面図。
【図５】本発明の実施例３に係る剥皮被害防護ネットの網状構造体の平面図。
【図６】図５の要部の拡大平面図。
【図７】実施例１に係る剥皮被害防護ネットの実際の使用例を示す説明図。
【図８】比較例１に係る剥皮被害防護ネットの平面図。
【符号の説明】
１…造林木（樹木）、２，１１…網状構造体、２ａ，１２…フラットヤーン（経糸）、２ｂ，１３，１４…フラットヤーン（緯糸）、３…紐（紐状締結体）、１５…捲縮糸。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a bark protection net used to protect trees from bark by birds and beasts such as bears and deers.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As is well known, in recent years, in the forestry industry, the damage of bark of planted trees by birds and beasts such as bears and deer has become a serious problem. The reason for peeling the bark, for example, is that according to a survey on bears, it is said that the soft part of the trunk is used as food for spring and summer based on the analysis of the tooth shape and feces remaining on the damaged tree.
[0003]
By the way, when the bark is peeled, many of them decay from the bark and their value as lumber is remarkably reduced, and furthermore, they die when the entire trunk is peeled off. In particular, the trees tend to be damaged by large diameter trees in the forest, and the amount of damage is currently increasing.
[0004]
Conventionally, as a method of reducing the damage of afforested trees, in addition to killing by hunting guns and harmful birds and animals, collecting the branches after the branches on the Tachikiyama side, applying repellent to the trees, wrapping galvanized paper, polyethylene tape Techniques such as winding and rough rope are employed.
[0005]
Conventionally, as the above-mentioned protective material, for example, a trade name of Green Cup: Wild, a trade name of Daido Shoji: Bark Guard, or a trade name of Daido Shoji: Netron Sheet can be given. The wild is a protective material characterized in that it is a white and green polyethylene net with little elasticity in the longitudinal direction but elasticity in the weft direction. The bark guard is a polypropylene net molded into a net shape. The netron sheet is a polyethylene net molded into a net shape.
[0006]
Further, conventionally, as a protective material, a tree protector body having a sheet-like shape having flexibility and a locking piece and a slit provided integrally with the main body and holding the main body in a wound state. Is known (Patent Document 1). Furthermore, a planting tree protection cover formed of a composite sheet material in which a nonwoven fabric sheet and a net-like reinforcing material having a high aperture ratio are integrally joined is known (Patent Document 2).
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
Utility Model Registration No. 3067313 (see paragraphs [0010] to [0012] and FIGS. 1 and 2)
[0008]
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-2002-45057 (see paragraphs [0007] to [0009] and FIGS. 1 and 2)
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, since the protection of bark peeling covers a wide forest area, the protective materials used must have characteristics such as easy workability, long duration of effect, and low operation cost. Also, since the area where bark peeling occurs has a lot of snow, if it is installed for a long period of time, it is expected that not only will it be crushed by snow and slip off the trees, but in some cases it will be damaged and scattered.
[0010]
Such damaged materials not only hinder the forestry work, but also have a problem that they may affect the natural environment, such as being entangled with animals and plants. In addition, materials that have been damaged and can no longer be used, or whose functions have been completed, need to be collected from the forest and transported to the foot of the forest, which has become a heavy burden due to the recent aging of forestry workers.
[0011]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has a biodegradable net structure having fibers as a component, and a biodegradability having fibers as a component, which is set in a tree. By having a structure with a string-like fastening body having, it is damaged and left alone, and even when buried in the soil after finishing its function, it does not burden the environment by biodegrading with microorganisms in the natural world The purpose of the present invention is to provide a peeling protection net that does not require collection or transportation.
[0012]
In addition, the present invention, by using a fiber having a knitted structure and a crimped shape as the fiber, while having sufficient elasticity that can cope with the increase of the tree due to the growth of the tree, and directly wound around the tree Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a peeling damage protection net that is simple in workability without requiring a column installed at a predetermined interval around a tree for the purpose of holding the net as in the related art.
[0013]
Furthermore, the present invention increases the entanglement with the bark by using biodegradable multifilaments, monofilaments, and flat yarns having a bulkiness in a crimped shape as fibers which are components of the net-like structure and the string-like fastening body. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a peeling damage protection net capable of preventing slippage from trees.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The peeling damage protective net according to the present invention has a biodegradable property in which a fiber is a component in a peeling damage protective net attached to a tree to protect the tree from being peeled by birds and beasts such as bears and deers. It is characterized by comprising a reticulated structure, and a biodegradable string-like fastening member having fibers as a constituent element for setting the reticulated structure to a tree. According to the net with such a structure, it has the property of biodegrading by microorganisms in the natural world, so when the net falls off the tree, breaks or scatters, when it finishes its function and is collected, it is transported for disposal Has the advantage of not requiring
[0015]
The peeling damage protection net according to the present invention is characterized in that a fiber having a knitting structure and a crimped shape is used as the fiber. With such a configuration, it is possible to have sufficient elasticity to cope with an increase in the tree accompanying the growth of the tree, and to directly wind the tree. Therefore, there is no need for supporting columns provided at predetermined intervals around a tree for the purpose of holding the conventional net, and the workability is simplified.
[0016]
The peeling damage protection net according to the present invention is characterized in that a crimped biodegradable multifilament, monofilament or flat yarn having bulkiness is used as the fiber. With such a configuration, entanglement with the bark can be increased and slipping off the tree can be prevented.
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
In the present invention, as a material of the network structure or the string-like fastener, for example, an aliphatic polyester having a biodegradability, a modified aromatic polyester, a polysaccharide, or polyvinyl alcohol is used. Examples of the aliphatic polyester include polyhydroxyalkanoates, which are thermoplastic resins produced by microorganisms, and thermoplastic resins that are chemically synthesized, and homopolymers or copolymers of the following typical monomer components are listed. It is a polymer. However, it is a matter of course that other components are included without being limited to the components listed here.
[0018]
(Microbial production type)
Examples of the microorganism-producing thermoplastic resin include 3-hydroxypropinate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, 4-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyvalerate, 5-hydroxyvalerate, 3-hydroxycaprolate, and 3-hydroxypropanol. Heptanoate and 3-hydroxyoctanoate are exemplified, and examples of the polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer include a copolymer of poly (hydroxybutyrate) and another hydroxyalkanoate having 3 to 12 carbon atoms. Specific examples include the following.
[0019]
(3-hydroxybutyrate)-(3-hydroxypropionate) copolymer, (3-hydroxybutyrate)-(3-hydroxypropinate)-(4-hydroxybutyrate) copolymer, (3-hydroxybutyrate)- (3-hydroxyvalerate)-(3-hydroxyhexanoate)-(3-hydroxyheptanoate) copolymer, (3-hydroxybutyrate)-(3-hydroxyvalerate)-(3-hydroxyhexanoate) )-(3-hydroxyheptanoate)-(3-hydroxyoctanoate) copolymer, (3-hydroxybutyrate)-(3-hydroxyvalerate)-(3-hydroxyheptanoate)-(3-hydroxy (Octanoate) copolymer, (3-hydroxybutyrate)-(3-hydroxy Valerate)-(3-hydroxyhexanoate)-(3-hydroxyheptanoate)-(3-hydroxyoctanoate)-(3-hydroxynonanoate)-(3-hydroxydecanoate)-(3- (Hydroxyundecanoate)-(3-hydroxybutyrate) copolymer and (3-hydroxybutyrate)-(4-hydroxybutyrate) copolymer are suitable, but not particularly limited thereto.
[0020]
(Chemical synthesis type)
Examples of the chemically synthesized thermoplastic resin include ε-caprolactone, lactide acid, ethylene succinate, butylene adipate, and butyrate succinate.
Examples of the modified aromatic polyester include poly (succinate / terephthalate) and poly (succinate / carbonate).
Examples of the polysaccharide include, but are not particularly limited to, cellulose derivatives (cellulose acetate, cellulose caprolate), chitin, and chitosan.
[0021]
Examples of homopolymers or copolymers of the representative monomer components described herein include Biomax (trade name of DuPont), Bionoll (trade name of Showa Polymer Co., Ltd.), Celgreen (Daicel Co., Ltd.) Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), Ecoflex (trade name of BASF Japan Co., Ltd.), Racea (trade name of Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.), and Lacty (trade name of Shimadzu Corporation) are known. .
[0022]
The biodegradable material used in the present invention includes, for example, desired physical properties as described in JP-A-7-133435, JP-A-8-231834, and JP-A-11-279272. If necessary, a lubricant, a filler, or the like may be used to such an extent as not to impair.
[0023]
The biodegradable material can be produced by mixing or combining two or more of the above-mentioned aliphatic polyester, modified aromatic polyester, polysaccharide, polyvinyl alcohol, and the like. Here, “mixing” means that a plurality of different biodegradable materials are mixed and used as a raw material of fibers or strings constituting a material. The term “composite” means that a woven or knitted fabric is manufactured by a weaving machine or the like by combining a plurality of fibers made of different biodegradable materials. The loom knitting machine refers to all machines for producing a woven or knitted fabric, such as a loom, a warp knitting machine, a weft knitting machine, a circular knitting machine, a netting machine and the like.
[0024]
Since biodegradable fibers are decomposed by microorganisms in the natural world, long-term installation of materials made from these materials may cause damage to forestry even if broken or scattered, or they may be entangled with animals and plants. Adverse effects on the natural environment can be prevented. In addition, since the protection of bark peeling covers a wide area of forest, ordinary materials also require a great deal of labor for recovery work.However, if materials made of biodegradable fiber are used, appropriate If it is buried in a suitable place, it will be disassembled, and the collection work can be omitted. Therefore, it is an effective material for the aging of forestry workers.
[0025]
In the present invention, target birds and beasts are mainly bears and deers, but are not limited thereto, and include all animals that damage trees.
[0026]
In the present invention, the peeling damage protection net includes a biodegradable net-like structure having fibers as constituent elements, and a biodegradable string-like fastening body wound around the tree. Here, the net-like structure and the string-like fastening body are each made of a fiber, and the fiber is manufactured by using a known method such as melt spinning, solution spinning, or gel spinning using the above-described material.
[0027]
It is preferable that the net-like structure is configured using a fiber having a knitting structure and a crimped shape. The reason for this is to provide a knitted woven fabric having sufficient elasticity for the purpose of coping with an increase in the resin diameter accompanying the growth of the tree and of preventing the slippage by appropriately winding around the tree. The crimping property can be imparted by a known method such as a false twisting method, an indenting method, a twist twisting method, or the like. Here, the crimpable fiber may be used for all the fibers constituting the woven or knitted fabric, or may be used for a part thereof. As for the fiber used at this time, the form is preferably a multifilament composed of a plurality of fibers from the viewpoint of bulkiness, etc. May be.
[0028]
In the present invention, it is effective to increase the composition ratio of the crimping property in order to increase the slip-prevention property from the tree. As a method for this, the flat yarn and the crimped yarn are combined (arranged in parallel, It may be knitted by arranging it on a warp or a weft or both.
[0029]
In the present invention, as in the case of the network structure, the string-like fastening body uses a biodegradable fiber produced using the above-described material as a raw material, and is made by a method such as stringing, rope making, and fusion fixing by a heating nozzle. It is made.
[0030]
In the present invention, the net-like structure and the string-like fastener are produced by combining and combining fibers prepared by mixing a plurality of different materials having biodegradability and fibers prepared from a plurality of different materials. Is also good. Here, the plurality of different materials refers to materials having biodegradability, but natural materials such as silk, cotton, and hemp may be combined with biodegradable fibers.
[0031]
FIG. 7 shows an actual use example in which the peeling damage protection net according to the present invention is attached to a forest plant (tree) 1. The peeling damage protection net includes a biodegradable net structure 2 having fibers as constituent elements, and a biodegradable string (string fastener) 3 for fixing the net structure 2 to the plantation 1. It is composed of Here, the net-like structure 2 is in the shape of a strip, and is composed of a biodegradable plastic flat yarn 2a as a warp and a biodegradable plastic flat yarn 2b as a weft knitted together with the flat yarn 2a. Have been. In addition, the string 3 stops the end of the net-like structure 2 at, for example, three points of an upper end, a lower end, and a center along the height direction of the plantation tree 1. Note that the string does not necessarily need to be stopped at three places as shown in FIG. 7 and may be appropriately set to such an extent that the net-like structure does not slide down and lose elasticity. Further, the manner of stopping the net-like structure by the string can be set arbitrarily.
[0032]
【Example】
Hereinafter, Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention will be described. However, the content of the present invention is not limited by these.
(Example 1)
First, Bionole (3001) (trade name, manufactured by Showa Polymer Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight; 190,000, MFR (190 ° C., 2.16 kg load); 1.4 g / 10 min, Tm; 94 ° C., Tg: About 45% Lacty (5400) (trade name, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, weight average molecular weight; 135,000, MFR (190 ° C., 2.16 kg load); 5.0 g / 10 min. , Tm: 177 ° C, Tg: 61.9 ° C) as a material, extruded into a sheet at a temperature of 230 ° C with an inflation film extruder, cut with a slit cutter, and subjected to centrifugal heat treatment to obtain 1100 dtex. Of flat yarn for warp and weft. Next, the flat yarn was knitted by a warp knitting machine to form a net-like structure. Further, ten flat yarns were put together and passed through a nozzle having a diameter of 10 mm heated to about 100 ° C. to be fused to prepare a cord as a cord-like fastener.
[0033]
1 and 2 show a network structure 11 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 1 is a plan view of the network structure, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged plan view of FIG. The reticulated structure 11 has a band shape, and is a flat yarn (warp) 12 made of the biodegradable plastic (mixture of Bionole and Lacty), and a biodegradable plastic of the same material knitted together with the flat yarn 12. A flat yarn (weft) 13 is formed. One flat yarn 13 is knitted so as to connect the other flat yarns 12 adjacent to each other.
[0034]
The elongation of the obtained net-like structure (knitted fabric) was 49% in the warp direction and 116% in the weft direction. Further, the net-like structure and the string are set on the lower side of the plantation tree in a state as shown in FIG.
[0035]
(Example 2)
First, flat yarns for warp and weft of 1100 dtex were obtained by the method shown in Example 1 above. On the other hand, the above Lacty (5400) was used as a raw material and melt-spun at a temperature of 230 ° C., and simultaneously with a stretching heat treatment, a crimped yarn of 550 dtex was produced by an indentation method. Further, three crimped yarns of 550 dtex were combined to obtain a fiber of 1750 dtex. Next, using these fibers, the whole was made into a flat yarn by a warp knitting machine, and a crimped yarn was inserted and knitted as a weft every ten flat yarns for a weft.
[0036]
3 and 4 show a net-like structure 11 according to Example 2, FIG. 3 is a plan view of the net-like structure, and FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan view of FIG. The reticulated structure 11 has a band shape, and is a flat yarn (warp) 12 made of the biodegradable plastic (mixture of Bionole and Lacty), and a biodegradable plastic of the same material knitted together with the flat yarn 12. A flat yarn (weft) 13 and a crimped yarn (weft) 14 made by Lacty (5400). The one flat yarn 13 and the crimped yarn 14 are knitted so as to connect the other adjacent flat yarns 12 with each other.
[0037]
The elongation of the obtained knit was 49% in the warp direction and 124% in the weft direction. Further, the net-like structure 11 of the second embodiment is set on the lower side of the plantation tree in a state as shown in FIG. 7 using a string.
[0038]
(Example 3)
Using the flat yarns and crimped yarns obtained by the methods shown in Examples 1 and 2 above, the warp knitting machine knitted the crimped yarns by alternately arranging one by one with respect to four flat yarns for warp.
5 and 6 show the network structure 11 according to the third embodiment, FIG. 5 is a plan view of the network structure, and FIG. 6 is an enlarged plan view of FIG. The reticulated structure 11 has a belt shape, and is a flat yarn (warp) 12 made of the biodegradable plastic (mixture of Bionole and Lacty), a crimped yarn 15 made of Lacty (5400), and the flat yarn. 12, a flat yarn (weft) 13 made of biodegradable plastic (mixing Bionolle and Lacty) woven together with crimped yarn 15. One flat yarn 13 is knitted so as to connect the adjacent other flat yarns 12 and 12 or to connect the adjacent flat yarn 12 and the crimped yarn 15 to each other.
[0039]
The elongation of the obtained knit was 44% in the warp direction and 109% in the weft direction. Further, the net-like structure 11 of the third embodiment is set on the lower side of the plantation tree in a state as shown in FIG. 7 using a string.
[0040]
In each of the three examples, the shape was a net and the degree of elongation in the weft direction was large, so that the examples were rich in flexibility and could be easily wound around planted trees. Also, since the weight was very light, the carrying work was easy. Furthermore, when the net-like structure and the string-like fastening body were buried in the soil, they were decomposed in about one year to a state where the shape could not be maintained.
[0041]
(Comparative Example 1)
As shown in FIG. 8, a polyethylene net 21 obtained by molding, which is used for sharpening civil engineering materials and deer horns and preventing erosion, was used. The elongation of the net 21 was 6% in the warp direction and 5% in the weft direction.
However, in the case of the polyethylene net 21 according to Comparative Example 1, since it was hard to stretch and hard to adhere to the bent portion, it was difficult to wind the tree around the planted tree. In addition, transportation work was difficult due to heavy weight.
[0042]
(Comparative Example 2)
In Comparative Example 2, a polypropylene net obtained by molding, which is used for sharpening civil engineering materials and deer horns and preventing erosion, was used. Here, the shape of this net has a plane shape substantially similar to that of Comparative Example 1. The elongation of this net was 19% in the warp direction and 17% in the weft direction. However, in the case of the polypropylene net according to Comparative Example 2, the work of winding the tree on the plantation was difficult because the plane shape was a net. Deformation due to snow cover was also observed in 50% of the total.
[0043]
(Comparative Example 3)
In Comparative Example 3, a polyethylene net developed to prevent animals from entering cultivated land and the like was used. Here, the net is obtained by arranging and arranging a flat yarn (warp) made of polyethylene and a flat yarn (weft) made of the same material as the warp. The elongation of this net was 27% in the warp direction and 56% in the weft direction.
[0044]
All of the three comparative examples 1 to 3 were effective in peeling damage, but required recovery work because they did not decompose even if left as they were.
[0045]
Table 1 below shows the weight, rupture strength, rupture elongation, biodegradability, installation workability, and the first-year peeling damage rate of the peeling damage protective nets in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 above. It is a summary.
[0046]
[Table 1]

[0047]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, a biodegradable network having fibers as a component, and a biodegradable string having fibers as a component, wherein the network is set in a tree By adopting a structure with a fastening body, it is damaged and left alone, or even after it has completed its role and is buried in the soil, it does not degrade the environment by biodegrading with microorganisms in the natural world. It is possible to provide a peeling damage protection net that does not require transportation work.
[0048]
Further, according to the present invention, by using a fiber having a knitting structure and a crimped shape as the fiber, the fiber has sufficient elasticity to cope with an increase in the tree accompanying the growth of the tree, and is directly applied to the tree. It is possible to provide a peeling damage protection net that can be wound and does not require a column installed at a predetermined interval around a tree for the purpose of holding the net as in the related art, and is easy to construct.
[0049]
Furthermore, according to the present invention, by using a biodegradable multifilament, monofilament, or flat yarn having a bulkiness in a crimped shape as a fiber which is a component of the network structure and the cord-like fastening body, the fiber is entangled with the bark. It is possible to provide a peeling damage protection net capable of preventing slippage from trees.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a net-like structure of a peeling damage protection net according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged plan view of a main part of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a net-like structure of the peeling damage protection net according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan view of a main part of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of a net-like structure of a peeling damage protection net according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged plan view of a main part of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing an actual use example of the peeling damage protection net according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a plan view of a peeling damage protection net according to Comparative Example 1.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Reforestation tree (tree), 2, 11 ... Reticulated structure, 2a, 12 ... Flat yarn (warp), 2b, 13, 14 ... Flat yarn (weft), 3 ... String (string-like fastening body), 15 ... Crimped yarn.

Claims (5)

In the bark damage protection net attached to trees to protect the trees from being bark by birds and beasts such as bears and deers,
It is characterized by comprising a biodegradable reticulated structure having fibers as a constituent element, and a biodegradable string-shaped fastener having fibers as a constituent element for setting the reticulated structure to a tree. Peeling protection net. 2. The peeling damage according to claim 1, wherein the network structure and the string-shaped fastener are manufactured using any one of aliphatic polyester, modified aromatic polyester, polysaccharide, and polyvinyl alcohol as a material. Protection net. The said network structure and the string-like fastening body are manufactured by mixing or compounding 2 or more types among aliphatic polyester, modified aromatic polyester, polysaccharide, or polyvinyl alcohol. Peeling protection net. The peeling damage protection net according to claim 1, wherein a fiber having a knitting structure and a crimped shape is used as the fiber. The peeling protection net according to claim 1, wherein a biodegradable multifilament, monofilament, or flat yarn having a bulkiness in a crimped shape is used as the fiber.

Images