【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、シャッターの巻上げ装置の技術に係わり、更に詳しくは、巻取付勢装置を備えた重力降下式シャッターにおいて、シャッター開放時に身体をかがめてシャッター下端部を持ち上げる動作に代えて、人がくぐり抜け可能なレベルまで紐の引き下げ操作を繰り返すだけで開放でき、車椅子に乗った身体障害者や老人や子供でも容易に操作可能な、重力降下式シャッターの巻上げ装置の構造に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
巻取付勢装置を備えた重力降下式シャッターは、シャッター巻胴にシャッターの重量とほぼバランスする巻取付勢バネが内蔵され、巻下げ時はシャッター下端を引き下ろす操作で、また巻上げ時はシャッター下端を手で持ち上げる操作で、軽い操作力で簡単にシャッターの開閉が行え、シャッター体の下端をあるレベルまで持ち上げると巻上げ付勢力がシャッター体の重力に打ち勝って自動的に巻き上がるといった特長を備えているものがある。或いはまた、火災報知器連動形重力降下式シャッターでは、巻取付勢装置の付勢力を上記の例よりも弱く設定するとともに、シャッター巻胴には火災報知器の作動信号等に連動して解除するブレーキ装置を組み込み、火災時にこのブレーキ装置が解除されるとシャッターが自重で床面まで降下し、巻胴に組み込まれた巻取付勢装置に巻取付勢力が蓄積し、シャッターの開放操作力を軽減するタイプのものもある。これらの重力降下式シャッターにおいて火災発生時にシャッターを開放して避難する際には、身体をかがめてシャッター下端部近傍に手を掛け、巻胴の巻取付勢力が巻胴から下方に垂下するシャッター体の重量を超えるレベル（通常はほぼ人の上半身レベル）、或いは人がくぐり抜けられるレベルに達するまで持ち上げる必要がある。身体をかがめて行うこの動作は車椅子に乗った身体障害者には不可能であり、また間口が広く重量の重いシャッターの場合は老人や子供にも相当な困難が伴う。
【０００３】
一方、シャッター巻上げ操作力を軽減する巻上げ機構としては、固定軸に回転可能に支持されたシャッター巻胴の固定軸と巻胴内周との間にシャッター巻下げ時に巻取付勢力を蓄積する巻取付勢バネを有するとともに、前記巻胴端部にクラッチを介し巻胴に回転を伝達する手動回転プーリーを有してなるシャッターの巻上げ巻下げ装置を備え、前記プーリーに巻き掛けたエンドレスの紐をシャッター巻下げ方向に順次引いてプーリーを回転させると、前記クラッチが嵌合してプーリーの回転が巻胴に伝達され、これによってシャッターを巻下げ、また紐を巻上げ方向に引くと、クラッチが外れて前記巻取付勢バネの作用でシャッターが巻胴に巻き取られて巻上がるとともに、巻上げ行程途中でシャッターが停止した際には前記紐を巻上げ方向に順次引くと、クラッチが嵌合してプーリーの回転が巻胴に伝達され、これによってシャッターの巻上げが可能に構成されたシャッター構造が知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照。）。
【０００４】
【特許文献１】
特開２０００−３４５７８２号公報（第２〜４頁、図１〜４）
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
この特許文献１に示されたシャッターは、一方向回転クラッチが内蔵されていることもあり、シャッター体の巻下げ時はその全行程に亘って巻取付勢バネの巻上げ付勢力に対抗する力で紐を引く必要があり、この作業にはかなりの労力を伴い、従来の重力降下式シャッターのようにシャッター体の下端を引き降ろす操作で簡単且つ迅速にシャッターを巻下げることができないのみならず、巻上げ装置がシャッター巻胴に内蔵された専用の構造であるため、既設の重力降下式シャッターに取り付ける際は巻胴の交換が必要であるといった不具合がある。
【０００６】
前述の状況に鑑み本発明が解決しようとするところは、既設の重力降下式シャッターにも簡単に取付可能で、車椅子に乗った身体障害者や老人や子供が自力操作で容易に操作して開放できる、重力降下式シャッターの巻上げ装置を提供する点にある。車椅子に乗った身体障害者や老人や子供に共通して容易に行える動作としては、たとえば天井部から垂下した引き紐を握ってこれを引き下げることを繰り返す動作である。即ち、本発明が解決しようとする課題は、前記の動作でシャッター体を巻上げできる機構を備え、しかも既設の重力降下式シャッターにも簡単に設置可能な巻上げ装置を提供する点にある。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前述の課題解決のため、本発明では、重力降下式シャッターの巻上げ装置は、シャッターの巻胴に回転を伝える伝動機構と、該伝動機構を支持する枠体と、該枠体に支持された支軸に回転可能に軸支持され且つ前記伝動機構に対しクラッチを介し結合するドラムと、該ドラムに一端を係止して巻き取られた所定の長さの帯状、縄状、鎖状、または線状の引き紐と、該引き紐を引き出す動作に連動して前記クラッチを嵌合させるクラッチ操作手段と、前記ドラムの引き紐引き出し方向の回転により付勢力を蓄積するドラムの引き紐巻戻し付勢手段と、前記クラッチの離間付勢手段とを備えた構成とする。
【０００８】
この構成からなるシャッター巻上げ装置は、ドラムから垂下させた引き紐を下方に引き出すと、クラッチが結合してドラムの引き紐引き出し方向の回転が伝動機構を介しシャッター巻胴に伝わりシャッターを所定量巻上げ、引き紐の力を緩めるとクラッチが外れ引き紐がドラムに巻戻され、引き紐を引き下ろす単純動作を繰り返すだけで車椅子に乗った身体障害者や老人や子供でもシャッターを容易に開放できる。このシャッター巻上げ装置は、伝動機構を介しシャッター巻胴の外側に取り付ける構造のため、既設シャッターにも簡単に取り付け可能である。
【０００９】
上記のドラムの巻戻し付勢手段は、ドラムを回転可能に支持する支軸に、該支軸よりも大きな内径を有するコイルバネまたはゼンマイバネまたは筍状バネを装着して、その一端を前記支軸側に他端を前記ドラム側にそれぞれ連結し、ドラムに巻き取られた引き紐を引き出す際のドラム回転作用で該バネに巻戻し付勢力が蓄積されるように構成するとよい。
【００１０】
また、伝動機構とドラム間のクラッチは、ドラムの支軸方向移動で嵌脱する形態とし、該クラッチの操作手段は、例えば、先端に滑車を有するレバーの中間部が前記ドラム側面に当接し且つ先端がドラム側に向け回動可能なるようにその基端を支持するとともに、前記ドラムの幅方向中間位置近傍に案内滑車を設置し、ドラムに巻き取られた引き紐を前記案内滑車とレバー先端の滑車を経由して引き出すように巻き掛け、該引き紐を引くとレバーが回動してドラムが支軸に沿って移動しクラッチが結合するように構成すればよい。
【００１１】
或いは、クラッチの操作手段は、ドラムの端部にドラム支軸を中心となす円筒部または円弧状部を形成し、該円筒部または円弧状部の内周面とドラム支軸またはその拡径部の外周面とのいずれか一方に周面に沿う螺旋状ガイド手段を、また他方には該ガイド手段に係合する係合片を形成し、前記ドラムの回転に伴う前記係合片とガイド手段との相対移動によりドラムをクラッチの結合と離間の両位置間を軸方向移動させ且つクラッチの結合と離間のそれぞれの位置では前記係合片が前記螺旋状ガイド手段から外れるように構成してもよい。
【００１２】
上記の伝動機構は、歯車式伝動機構、チェーンとスプロケットまたはタイミングベルトとプーリーなどを用いた巻き掛け伝動機構など適宜の機構を用い、シャッター巻胴に対し減速して回転を伝える様に構成すると、引き紐を引き出す操作力を軽減することになり好都合である。
【００１３】
【発明の実施の形態】
つぎに本発明の実施の形態を添付図面に基づき詳細に説明するが、本発明は、添付図面に示された形態に限定されず特許請求の範囲に記載の要件を満たす実施形態の全てを含むものである。本発明に係るシャッター巻上げ装置と重力降下式シャッターとの連結状態における全体構成を図１に示し、図２および図３には図１に示すシャッター巻上げ装置を拡大して示し、図３はクラッチが嵌合した状態を示している。また、図４には該シャッター巻上げ装置の枠体の左側面を、また、図５にはクラッチ操作手段のレバー部の右側面をそれぞれ示す。
【００１４】
図において、シャッター４０は従来から知られている重力降下式シャッターと同様の基本構成からなり、該シャッター４０は、建物天井部のシャッター収納区画の壁面または設置用ブラケット（図示しない）に対し軸受４４，４４を介し固定支持された軸４３と、軸４３に回転可能に取り付けられた巻胴４２と、巻胴４２に上端部を係止して巻き取られ且つ左右両端が案内レールに沿って昇降可能に支持され且つ下端に下端部材または適宜のウエイト部材を連結してなるスラット状またはシート状のシャッター体４１と、軸４３に挿入され一端を軸４３に他端を巻胴４２にそれぞれ係止したコイルバネからなる巻取付勢バネ４５とを有してなる。そして、巻取付勢バネ４５は、シャッター体４１が下降する際の巻胴４２の回転でシャッター体巻取付勢力を蓄積するように構成されている。巻取付勢バネ４５は、シャッター体４１のほぼ全量を巻胴４２に巻き取った状態で僅かに巻取付勢力が残るように初期付勢するとともに、シャッター体４１の下端部が人の腰のレベルにある状態で、シャッター体４１の巻胴から垂下した部分の重量と巻取付勢力とがほぼバランスするように設定してある。
【００１５】
この構成により、シャッター４０のシャッター体４１下端を引き下ろすと、シャッター体４１が下降するとともに巻取付勢バネ４５には巻取付勢力が追加蓄積され、反対に、床に着床したシャッター体４１の下端を持ち上げると、巻取付勢バネ４５に蓄積されていた巻取付勢力の作用で巻胴４２がシャッター体４１を巻上げ、人の腰のレベル近傍迄持ち上げると巻胴から垂下したシャッター体４１の重量に対し巻取付勢バネ４５の巻取付勢力が打ち勝ってシャッター体４１は自動的に巻胴４２に巻き取られて上昇する。
【００１６】
一方、シャッターの巻上げ装置１は、重力降下式シャッター４０の近傍に設置され、シャッター体４１を巻き上げる巻胴４２の端部に伝動機構２を介して連結する。この巻上げ装置１は、シャッター４０の巻胴４２の端部にブッシュ４６を介し連結し回転を伝達する伝動機構２と、伝動機構２を支持する枠体５と、枠体５に支持された支軸８に対し回転可能に支持され且つ伝動機構２に対しクラッチ１０を介し結合するドラム１５と、ドラム１５に一端を係止して巻き取られた所定の長さの引き紐２０と、引き紐２０を引き出す動作に連動してクラッチ１０を嵌合させるクラッチ操作手段２５と、ドラム１５の引き紐２０引き出し方向の回転により付勢力を蓄積するドラムの巻戻し付勢手段２１と、クラッチ１０の離間付勢手段１３とを備えて構成される。
【００１７】
つぎに、上記構成からなる巻上げ装置１の各構成部材の詳細構造を以下に順次説明する。まず、伝動機構２について説明する。伝動機構２は、巻胴４２の端部にブッシュ４６を介し取り付けた大径のスプロケット３ａと、巻上げ装置１の枠体５に固定された支軸８に対し回転可能且つ軸方向移動が規制されるように取り付けられた小径のスプロケット３と、該両スプロケット３，３ａ間に巻き掛けたチェーン４とを有する巻き掛け伝動装置からなり、枠体５側のスプロケット３の回転が、伝動機構２で減速されてシャッター４０の巻胴４２に伝達され巻胴４２を回転駆動するように構成している。この伝動機構２は、チェーン４とスプロケット３，３ａをそれぞれベルトとプーリーに代えてもよいし、巻き掛け伝動機構に限らず歯車を用いた歯車式伝動機構に代えてもよい。
【００１８】
つぎに、枠体５について説明する。枠体５は、対向する左右一対の矩形の側板６，６ａと、側板６，６ａを連結する上下１対の平行な連結部材７，７ａとを有し、正面から見て矩形の枠構造をなし、側板６，６ａの上下連結部材７，７ａの間にはドラム１５の支軸８を支持する軸穴を有している。なお、枠体５の左側の側板６の各隅には、取付用ボルト穴として、前後に長い４個の長穴９がそれぞれ貫通形成され、壁面に枠体５を取り付ける際に枠体を前後に位置調整可能にしている。
【００１９】
つぎに、ドラム１５について説明する。ドラム１５は、円筒形の胴部１６と、胴部１６の両端に脱着可能に取り付けられ且つ中心に貫通孔を有するボス部１７ａ，１８ａをそれぞれ備え外径が胴部１６よりも大径の円形の左右フランジ１７，１８とを有してなり、このドラム１５のボス部１７ａ，１８ａの貫通孔には支軸８を挿入してドラム１５を回転可能に支持するとともに、支軸８はその両端を枠体５の側板６，６ａ中央の軸穴にそれぞれ固定支持する。つまり、ドラム１５は、支軸８に回転可能且つ軸方向移動可能に支持されている。
【００２０】
つぎに、ドラム１５と伝動機構２の間のクラッチ１０について説明する。クラッチ１０は添付図の例では爪クラッチであり、一方のクラッチ片１１はスプロケット３の側面に固設され、他方のクラッチ片１２はドラム１５の図１における左側のフランジ１７のボス１７ａ側端に形成されてなる。そして両クラッチ片１１，１２の間にはクラッチの離間付勢手段として、支軸８に装着されたコイルバネからなる離間付勢バネ１３を介在している。クラッチ片１１，１２の互いの爪は、クラッチ離間付勢バネ１３がドラムを図１における右方に押した状態では互いの嵌合が解除され、クラッチ操作手段２５（後述参照）が作動した状態では互いが噛み合って結合される様に構成されている。離間付勢バネ１３はコイルバネに限らず例えば台形バネや皿バネなど適宜のバネに代えることが可能である。またクラッチ１０は、爪クラッチに限らず摩擦式クラッチなど、互いのクラッチ片が離間した時に正逆いずれの回転もフリーになる型式のクラッチであればよい。
【００２１】
つぎに、ドラム１５の引き紐２０と引き紐巻戻し付勢手段について説明する。引き紐２０は、ドラム１５に巻き付けてその引き出し作用でドラム１５およびシャッター巻胴４２を回転させるのに適した引っ張り強度を備え且つ柔軟性なものであれば、帯状、縄状、鎖状、または線状の部材などいずれでもよい。そしてその一端はドラム１５の胴部１６または左右フランジ１７，１８のいずれかに係止するとともに、その他端には手で握りやすいように例えば環状の握り輪２０ａなど適宜の握りを設けると都合がよい。ドラム１５には、引き紐２０の巻戻し付勢手段２１を設ける。この巻戻し付勢手段２１は、ドラム１５の胴部１６内の支軸８にコイルバネ２２を装着し、その一端を支軸８に他端をドラム１５の胴部１６内周または左右フランジ１７，１８のいずれかにそれぞれ係止して構成する。巻戻し付勢手段２１は、コイルバネ２２に限らず、帯状の弾性材料を渦巻き状に巻いて形成したゼンマイバネまたは先細の筒状に（螺旋状）に巻いて形成した筍状ばねなどに代えることが可能である。
【００２２】
つぎに、クラッチ操作手段２５について説明する。クラッチ操作手段２５は、枠体５の上方（図１の上方）の連結部材７に取り付けられ且つレバー２６の基端を回動可能に枢止するためのレバー支持部材２８と、中間が外側（ドラム１５と反対側で図１の右方）に曲折し且つ該曲折部に外周部が外部に露出する垂直のローラー２６ｂを回転可能に取り付けた前後１対のレバー部材を適宜の間隔を隔てて互いの基端をレバー枢止ピン２６ａで固定連結して形成したレバー２６と、該レバー２６の一方のレバー部材の先端（図１における手前側レバー部材の下方側端部）延長部の先端にベアリング２７ａを介し回転可能に取り付けた垂直の滑車２７と、ドラム１５の幅方向中間位置近傍に枠体下方連結部材７ａで支持されドラム胴部１６の外接線および滑車２７とほぼ平行な案内滑車３０とで構成する。
【００２３】
そして、前記レバー２６のローラー２６ｂ，２６ｂの外周がドラム１５の右側フランジ１８の外側面に接し且つレバー２６先端の滑車２７側が左右方向（支軸８に沿う方向）に回動可能なるようにレバー２６基端のレバー枢止ピン２６ａをレバー支持部材２８に支持するとともに、ドラム１５に巻き取られた引き紐２０を、ドラム１５中央に隣接する案内滑車３０からレバー２６先端の滑車２７を経由して引き出すように巻き掛ける。
【００２４】
レバー２６は、中間曲折部のローラー２６ｂがドラム１５の右側フランジ１８の外側面に接し且つレバー２６の先端がドラム１５の右方外側に反るような姿勢にしてレバー支持部材２８に対し取り付けている。そのため、引き紐２０の下端握り輪２０ａを下方に引き下げると、その張力でレバー２６がドラム１５の右側フランジ１８を押して回動し、その作用でドラム１５が支軸８に沿って左方に移動しクラッチ１０が結合するように構成されている。
【００２５】
つぎに、以上の構成からなる重力降下式シャッター４０の巻上げ装置１の作用を説明する。巻上げ装置１は、引き紐２０に引き出し力が作用しないときはクラッチ１０の爪が離間付勢手段１３の作用で互いに離間するとともに、引き紐２０の引き出し作用でクラッチ操作手段２５が作動し、クラッチ１０の爪が互いに噛み合う。そして、引き紐２０の引き出しに伴うドラム１５の回転が、クラッチ１０と伝動機構２を介しシャッター４０の巻胴４２に伝達されるとともに、巻戻し付勢手段２１の付勢力を蓄積させる一方、引き紐２０を緩めた時には、クラッチ操作手段２５がドラム１５をスプロケット３側へ押す力がなくなり、離間付勢手段１３の作用でクラッチ１０の爪が外れ、自由になったドラム１５が巻戻し付勢手段２１の作用で逆転して引き紐２０を巻戻す。つまり、巻上げ装置１のドラム１５から垂下させた引き紐２０を下方に引き出すと、シャッター体４１を所定量巻上げることができ、引き紐２０を引く力を緩めると、クラッチ１０が外れ引き紐２０がドラム１５に巻戻され、この動作を繰り返すとシャッター体４１が順次巻胴４２に巻き取られる。そして、シャッター体４１の自重が巻胴４２の巻取付勢力よりも小さくなった時点でシャッター体４１は自動的に巻上がる。
【００２６】
なお、引き紐２０の巻戻し行程時に、シャッター体４１の自重が巻取付勢バネ４５の巻取付勢力よりも大きい領域ではシャッター体４１が自重下降しようとするが、シャッター４０と伝動機構２の各可動部には摩擦作用などの抵抗があり、また引き紐２０の巻戻しが高速で行われごく短時間で済むことにより、この間の自重降下は寡少で実用上問題にはならない。本発明に係る巻上げ装置１は、引き紐２０を引かない通常時にはクラッチ１０の離間付勢手段１３でシャッター４０との結合が切り離されているので、一般の自重降下式シャッターと同様、シャッター体４１の下端部を引き下ろしたり、シャッター体４１の下端を持ち上げて巻上げる操作を容易且つ迅速に行うといった便利な機能もそのまま活用できる。
【００２７】
なお、巻上げ装置１のクラッチ操作手段２５には、レバー２６の必要以上の右方回動を規制する手段として、巻上げ装置１の枠体５右側の側板６ａにはレバー２６の側面に当接するストッパ２９を設けている。ストッパ２９は、ネジ部材出形成されねじ込み量でレバー回動範囲を調整可能である。なお、ストッパ２９の位置を上下変更可能なようにレバー２６には当接部を複数形成してある。また図示の例では、レバー２６は、１対のレバー部材の基端側をレバー枢止ピン２６ａで固定連結した側面視コ字状の形態にして、左右回動を許容し前後揺動を規制する支持構造を有し、且つドラム１５をクラッチ１０の離間付勢バネ１３に対抗して左方移動を行う上で十分な剛性強度を有する。レバー２６は、このような機能を備えた構造の部材であれば、図示の形態に限らず適宜の形態としてもよく、例えば１本のレバー部材で構成してもよい。また、図示は省略するが、ドラム１５には巻戻し付勢手段２１に初期付勢力即ち回転抵抗を付加させておき、引き紐を引くとまずクラッチが嵌合しその後にドラムが回転する関係に設定しておくと、引き紐２０を引き出す際のドラム１５の空転が回避できる。ストッパ２９についても、レバー２６の必要以上の回動を規制する機能を備えれば、図示に限らず適宜の形態でよい。
【００２８】
つぎに、本発明に係る巻上げ装置のクラッチ操作手段の別の実施形態について図６〜７に基づいて説明する。図６は、本発明のシャッター巻上げ装置の別の実施例を示し、図７は図６に示すシャッター巻上げ装置のクラッチが嵌合した状態を示している。これらの図は前述の巻上げ装置１における図２と同じ側から見た別の巻上げ装置１ａの正面図である。巻上げ装置１ａは、クラッチ操作手段３５以外は前述の巻上げ装置１とほぼ同じ構成からなる。従って、図において巻上げ装置１と同じ部材については同じ符号で示している。この図に示すクラッチ操作手段３５は、ドラム１５の右側フランジ１８の外端に支軸８を中心となす円筒部３６を形成するとともに、ドラム１５の円筒部３６内周と対峙する位置の支軸８には支軸拡径部３８を形成し、且つ、支軸拡径部３８の外周には周面に沿う螺旋状ガイド溝３９、３９を対角位置に形成する一方、円筒部３６の内周にはガイド溝３９，３９にそれぞれ係合する係合片３７，３７を突出形成し、ドラム側の係合片３７と支軸８側のガイド溝３９とが係合する領域では、ドラム１５が正転または逆転すると係合片３７がガイド溝３９に沿って相対移動し、ドラム１５がクラッチ１０の嵌脱行程間を軸方向に移動する機構を構成している。ガイド溝３９と係合片３７は少なくとも１組あればよいが、対向位置に形成すると、半回転毎に互いが係合位置に出合うことと、作動が安定するといった点で都合がよい。
【００２９】
なお、上記のガイド溝３９については、支軸拡径部３８周面に螺旋状即ちネジ状に形成するが、クラッチ嵌脱に必要なドラム１５の軸方向移動量は僅かであるので、ガイド溝の円周方向に対する螺旋の傾きを摺動片との摩擦角（約２５°以下）以下とすればよく、形成範囲は支軸拡径部３８の全周には及ばず通常半回転以下でよい。また図示は省略するが、上記説明とは反対に、ガイド溝をドラム１５に形成した円筒部３６の内周に形成し、ガイド溝３９に係合する係合片３７を支軸８または支軸拡径部３８に突出形成してもよい。或いは図示は省略するが、ガイド溝に代えてネジ山状の案内部を突出形成し、係合片に代えて前記ネジ山状案内部に係合する凹部を有する摺動片としてもよい。
【００３０】
そしてこの機構においては、クラッチ１０の嵌脱それぞれの位置では係合片３７がガイド溝３９から外れドラム１５がその状態で回転するように支軸拡径部３８の幅を設定する一方、クラッチ１０の離間付勢バネ１３ａには圧縮と引っ張りの両方向付勢可能な例えばコイルバネなどを用いる。離間付勢バネ１３ａの両端末はそれぞれ半径方向外側に曲折するか半径方向外方に張り出す突出部を形成するとともにクラッチ片１１，１２の離間付勢バネ１３ａの端部が当接する部位のボス部内周には環状溝を形成し、該離間付勢バネ両端の前記曲折部または突出部の一方（バネ１３ａの一端）はスプロケット３側クラッチ片１１の前記環状溝に、また他方（バネ１３ａの他端）はドラム１５側クラッチ片１２の前記環状溝にそれぞれ溝方向に沿って相対摺動可能に係合し、離間付勢バネが中立状態以上に両クラッチ片１１，１２が離間した際には両者を引き寄せ付勢する作用力が発生する関係に連結する。そして離間付勢バネ１３ａは、クラッチ片１１，１２の嵌脱移動行程の中間位置が前記中立点となるように構成する。つまり、離間付勢バネ１３ａは、ドラム１５がクラッチ脱側への移動途中で離間付勢力がゼロとなり更にクラッチ脱側へドラム１５が移動すると付勢力が反転する機能を備え、引き紐２０を引き出してドラム１５が回転した際にドラムの１回転以内（好ましくは半回転以内）で係合片３７とガイド溝３９とが確実に係合する構成とする。
【００３１】
つぎに、上記構成からなるクラッチ操作手段３５の作用を説明する。クラッチ１０が離間した状態ではドラム１５の係合片３７が支軸拡径部３８の外側面（右側面）に当接して離間付勢バネ１３ａにより左方付勢され、また、クラッチ１０が嵌合した状態ではドラム１５の係合片３７が支軸拡径部３８の内側面（左側面）に当接して離間付勢バネ１３ａにより右方付勢される。一方、ガイド溝３９は支軸拡径部３８の外周に沿って螺旋状に形成されるとともにその両端が支軸拡径部３８の左右側面に連通している。そのため、ドラム１２に巻き取られた引き紐２０の端部を下方に引き下げると、ドラムが正転（シャッター体４１を巻上げる方向の回転）し、ドラム側係合片３７が支軸側ガイド溝３９の右端と一致した時点でガイド溝３９に係合しガイド溝３９に沿ってドラム１５が左方移動しクラッチ１０が嵌合する。クラッチ１０が完全に嵌合した位置では、係合片３８がガイド溝３９の左端から外れ、その後はドラムがその位置で正転を続けスプロケット３に回転を伝えシャッター体４１が巻き上がり且つドラム１５内の巻戻し付勢手段２１のコイルバネ２２に巻戻し付勢力が蓄積される。つぎに、引き紐２０を引く力を緩めると、ドラム１５内の巻戻し付勢手段２１に蓄積された付勢力の作用でドラムが引き紐２０を巻き戻す方向に逆転し、ドラム側係合片３７がガイド溝３９の左端と一致した時点でガイド溝３９に係合しガイド溝３９に沿ってドラム１５が右方移動しクラッチ１０が切り離される。クラッチ１０が完全に切り離された位置では、係合片３８がガイド溝３９の右端から外れ、その後はドラムがその位置で逆転を続けて引き紐２０を初期状態まで巻き戻す。以上の動作を繰り返すことでシャッター体４１が順次巻き上げられる。
【００３２】
なお、この引き紐２０の巻戻し行程ではシャッター体４１を巻き取る巻胴４２が僅かに逆転するが、この逆転作用は引き紐巻戻し行程初期のごく短い過渡現象であり、シャッター４０の可動部の摩擦抵抗と巻胴４２の内部の巻取付勢バネ４５の付勢力の作用効果によりシャッター体４１が継続して降下する現象には至らない。
【００３３】
上記説明の実施例はいずれも、チェーンなどの伝動機構２を用いて巻上げ装置１または１ａをシャッター４０と連結してドラム１５の回転をシャッター４０に伝える方式を例示している。しかしこの伝動機構に代えて、シャッター４０の巻胴４２の端部に適宜の連結部材を取り付け、この連結部材を伝動機構として市の端部に、巻上げ装置１または１ａのクラッチ１０のドラム１５側クラッチ片１２と噛み合う相手側クラッチ片（スプロケット３側のクラッチ片１１に相当するクラッチ片）を設け、シャッター４０と巻上げ装置１または１ａとを一直線上に対向配置する構成にしてもよい。同様の配置構成で上記連結部材に遊星減速機やサイクロ減速機などの減速手段を介在させると引き紐２０の操作力を軽減することができ都合がよい。
【００３４】
以上の説明は、シャッター巻胴にシャッターの重量とほぼバランスする巻取付勢バネが内蔵され、巻下げ時はシャッター下端を引き下ろす操作で、また巻上げ時はシャッター下端を手で持ち上げる操作で、軽い操作力で簡単にシャッターの開閉が行え、解放時はシャッター体を途中まで引き上げると巻取付勢力がシャッター体の下降方向の重力に打ち勝って自動的に巻き上がるタイプの重力降下式シャッターを例にとって説明した。しかし、重力降下式シャッターのうち火災報知器連動形重力降下式シャッターにおいては、巻取付勢装置の付勢力を上記のシャッターの例よりも弱く設定するとともに、シャッター巻胴には火災報知器（図示しない）の作動信号等に連動して解除するブレーキ装置（図示しない）を組み込み、火災発生時などシャッターの降下時にこのブレーキ装置を解除するとシャッターが自重で床面まで降下し、それに連動して巻胴に組み込まれた巻取付勢装置に巻取付勢力が蓄積され、シャッターの開放時の操作力を軽減するタイプのものもある。本発明のシャッター巻上げ装置は、この２つのタイプいずれの重力降下式シャッターに対しても適用が可能であり、後者に対する詳細な作動説明は省略するが、両タイプともにそれぞれ同様の作用効果が得られる。なお、後者の火災報知器連動形重力降下式シャッターに本発明のシャッター巻上げ装置を備えた場合は、人が避難した後そのまま放置してもシャッター体が自重でゆっくり降下して自動的に通路を遮断するので、通過後にシャッターの閉め忘れによる火災の延焼を防ぐことができ、火災時には一層その効果が発揮されるといえる。
【００３５】
【発明の効果】
以上にしてなる請求項１に係る発明の重力降下式シャッターの巻上げ装置は、シャッターの巻胴に回転を伝える伝動機構に、引き紐を巻き取ったドラムをクラッチを介して結合し、その引き紐を引き出す作用でクラッチが嵌合してドラムの回転がシャッター巻胴に伝達され、引き紐を引く力を緩めると前記クラッチが外れて引き紐が巻き戻される機能を備えたので、車椅子に乗った身体障害者や老人や子供に共通して容易な動作、即ち、天井部から垂下した引き紐を引き降ろす単純動作を繰り返すことで、シャッターを自力で容易に巻上げることができるといった作用効果がある。しかも、シャッター巻取装置は、重力降下式シャッターの巻胴に伝動機構を介して連結した構造からなるので、既設の重力降下式シャッターにも巻胴を交換することなく容易に取り付けることができ、しかも、通常はクラッチで重力降下式シャッターとは縁が切れているので、巻下げはシャッター下端部の引き下ろし操作で、また、シャッター巻上げはシャッター下端部の持ち上げ操作で、それぞれ簡単且つ迅速に開閉ができるといった重力降下式シャッターの優れた操作性をそのまま活用できるなどの作用効果がある。
【００３６】
請求項２に係る発明の重力降下式シャッターの巻上げ装置は、ドラムの巻戻し付勢手段を、ドラムの支軸に、該支軸よりも大きな内径を有するコイルバネまたはゼンマイバネまたは筍状バネを装着して、その一端を前記支軸側に他端を前記ドラム側にそれぞれ連結し、ドラムに巻き取られた引き紐を引き出す際のドラム回転作用で該バネの巻戻し付勢力が蓄積される構成としたので、ドラムの支軸方向移動即ちクラッチの嵌脱が支障なく行え、且つ、引き紐の引き出し長さが数十センチメートル以上約１メートルを超える長さになっても十分対応可能な巻戻し付勢バネをドラム内にコンパクトに収納することができる。つまり、コンパクトになって狭いスペースにも設置可能で、既設のシャッターにも容易に取付が可能となり、また、操作力軽減のため伝動機構の減速比を大きくして引き紐の引き出し長さを長くすることも容易に対応できるなどの作用効果がある。
【００３７】
請求項３に係る発明の重力降下式シャッターの巻上げ装置は、伝動機構とドラム間のクラッチを、ドラムの支軸方向移動で嵌脱する形態とし、該クラッチの操作手段を、先端に滑車を有するレバーの中間部が前記ドラム側端に当接し且つ先端がドラム側に向け回動可能なるようにその基端を支持するとともに、前記ドラムの幅方向中間位置近傍に案内滑車を設置し、ドラムに巻き取られた引き紐を前記案内滑車とレバー先端の滑車を経由して引き出すように巻き掛けて構成したので、引き紐を下方に引き出す動作と緩める動作とに連動してクラッチが嵌脱する機構が簡単な構成で実現できた。そして引き紐は、案内滑車を経由してドラムに巻き取られるので、ドラム上での引き紐の乱巻きや食い込みが回避でき円滑に作動するといった作用効果がある。
【００３８】
請求項４に係る発明の重力降下式シャッターの巻上げ装置は、クラッチの操作手段を、ドラムの端部にドラム支軸を中心となす円筒部または円弧状部を形成し、該円筒部または円弧状部の内周面とドラム支軸またはその拡径部の外周面とのいずれか一方に周面に沿う螺旋状ガイド手段を、また他方には該ガイド手段に係合する係合片を形成し、ドラムの回転に伴う係合片とガイド手段との相対移動によりドラムをクラッチの結合と離間の両位置間を軸方向移動させ且つクラッチの結合と離間のそれぞれの位置では前記係合片が前記螺旋状溝から外れるように構成したので、クラッチ嵌脱操作機構が外部に露出せず、ドラムの僅かな回転で確実にクラッチが嵌脱し、しかも、引き紐がドラムから直接引き出される形態となり、意匠的美観を保ち且つより確実な操作が行えるといった作用効果がある。
【００３９】
請求項５に係る発明の重力降下式シャッターの巻上げ装置は、伝動機構に、歯車式伝動機構、チェーンとスプロケットまたはタイミングベルトとプーリーなどを用いた巻き掛け伝動機構など適宜の機構を用い、シャッター巻胴に対し減速して回転を伝える様に構成したので、引き紐を引き出す操作力を軽減させ、車椅子に乗った身体障害者や老人や子供などでも容易に操作できるといった作用効果がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明に係るシャッター巻上げ装置と重力降下式シャッターとの連結状態における全体構成を示す図である。
【図２】図１に示すシャッター巻上げ装置を拡大して示す図で、クラッチおよびドラム部を断面にした部分断面図である。
【図３】図２に示すシャッター巻上げ装置のクラッチが嵌合した状態を示す図である。
【図４】図２に示すシャッター巻上げ装置の枠体の左側面を示す図である。
【図５】図２に示すシャッター巻上げ装置のレバー部の右側面を示す図である。
【図６】本発明のシャッター巻上げ装置の別の実施例を示す図である。
【図７】図６に示すシャッター巻上げ装置のクラッチが嵌合した状態を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
１，１ａ 巻上げ装置
２ 伝動機構
３，３ａ スプロケット
４ チェーン
５ 枠体
６，６ａ 側板
７，７ａ 連結部材
８ 支軸
９ 長穴
１０ クラッチ
１１，１２ クラッチ片
１３ 離間付勢バネ（離間付勢手段）
１３ａ 離間付勢バネ（離間付勢手段）
１５ ドラム
１６ 胴部
１７ 左側フランジ
１７ａ ボス部
１８ 右側フランジ
１８ａ ボス部
２０ 引き紐
２０ａ 握り輪
２１ 巻戻し付勢手段
２２ コイルバネ
２５ クラッチ操作手段
２６ レバー
２６ａ レバー枢止ピン
２６ｂ ローラー
２７ 滑車
２７ａ ベアリング
２８ レバー支持部材
２９ ストッパ
３０ 案内滑車
３５ クラッチ操作手段
３６ 円筒部
３７ 係合片
３８ 支軸拡径部
３９ ガイド溝（ガイド手段）
４０ 重力降下式シャッター（シャッター）
４１ シャッター体（スラット、シート）
４２ 巻胴
４３ 軸
４４ 軸受
４５ 巻取付勢バネ
４６ ブッシュ[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a technology of a shutter winding device, and more specifically, in a gravity lowering type shutter provided with a winding attachment device, when a shutter is opened, a person passes through instead of an operation of bending a body and lifting a lower end portion of the shutter. The present invention relates to a structure of a gravity lowering type shutter hoisting device which can be opened only by repeating a string lowering operation to a possible level and which can be easily operated even by a disabled person, an elderly person and a child in a wheelchair.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The gravity lowering type shutter equipped with a wind-up mounting device has a built-in wind-up mounting spring that almost balances the weight of the shutter in the shutter winding drum.The lower end of the shutter is pulled down when lowering, and the lower end of the shutter is raised when winding up. The shutter can be easily opened and closed with a light operating force by lifting the hand by hand, and when the lower end of the shutter body is lifted to a certain level, the winding bias overcomes the gravity of the shutter body and automatically winds up. There is something. Alternatively, in the fire alarm linked gravitational descent shutter, the urging force of the winding attachment device is set to be weaker than in the above example, and the shutter is released in synchronization with the operation signal of the fire alarm and the like on the drum. When a brake device is installed and the brake device is released in the event of a fire, the shutter descends to the floor under its own weight, accumulating force in the winding attachment device incorporated in the winding drum, reducing the shutter opening force. Some types do. When opening the shutter in the event of a fire in these gravity descent shutters and evacuating, place your hand on the vicinity of the lower end of the shutter and place the shutter on the winding drum. It must be lifted until it reaches a level that exceeds the weight of the person (usually near the upper body level of a person) or a level through which a person can pass. This operation of crouching is not possible for a physically handicapped person in a wheelchair, and a wide and heavy shutter has considerable difficulties for old people and children.
[0003]
On the other hand, the winding mechanism that reduces the shutter winding operation force is a winding mechanism that accumulates the wind mounting force between the fixed shaft of the shutter winding drum rotatably supported on the fixed shaft and the inner periphery of the winding drum when the shutter is lowered. A pull-up and lowering device for a shutter having a biasing spring and having a manual rotary pulley that transmits rotation to the winding drum via a clutch at the end of the winding drum, and an endless string wound around the pulley is used as a shutter. When the pulley is sequentially pulled in the lowering direction to rotate the pulley, the clutch engages and the rotation of the pulley is transmitted to the winding drum, thereby lowering the shutter, and pulling the string in the winding direction releases the clutch. The shutter is wound around the winding drum by the action of the winding attachment spring and wound up, and when the shutter stops during the winding process, the string is wound in the winding direction. For sequential pulling clutch is fitted the rotation of the pulley is transmitted to the winding drum, thereby configured to allow winding of the shutter the shutter structure is known (e.g., see Patent Document 1.).
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-2000-345782 (pages 2 to 4, FIGS. 1 to 4)
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The shutter disclosed in Patent Document 1 may have a built-in one-way rotary clutch. When the shutter body is lowered, the shutter body has a force opposing the winding urging force of the winding mounting spring over the entire stroke. It is necessary to pull the string, and this work involves considerable labor, and not only can the shutter be lowered easily and quickly by the operation of pulling down the lower end of the shutter body like a conventional gravity-down shutter, Since the hoisting device has a dedicated structure built in the shutter winding drum, there is a problem that the winding drum needs to be replaced when the shutter is mounted on the existing gravity-down shutter.
[0006]
In view of the above situation, the present invention seeks to solve the problem by easily attaching it to an existing gravity-lowering shutter, so that a physically handicapped person, an elderly person, and a child in a wheelchair can easily operate and open it by themselves. It is an object of the present invention to provide a gravitational descent type shutter hoisting device. An operation that can be easily performed commonly by a physically handicapped person, an elderly person, and a child in a wheelchair is, for example, an operation in which a drawstring hanging from a ceiling is repeatedly held down. That is, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a hoisting device that has a mechanism that can wind up the shutter body by the above-described operation, and that can be easily installed on an existing gravity lowering shutter.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-described problems, in the present invention, a lifting device for a gravity-lowering shutter includes a transmission mechanism for transmitting rotation to a winding drum of a shutter, a frame supporting the transmission mechanism, and a support supported by the frame. A drum rotatably supported by a shaft and coupled to the transmission mechanism via a clutch, and a belt, rope, chain, or wire of a predetermined length wound on one end of the drum while being locked at one end thereof A pulling string, clutch operating means for engaging the clutch in conjunction with an operation of pulling out the pulling string, and a pulling string rewinding bias of the drum for accumulating a biasing force by rotating the drum in a pulling string pulling direction. And a biasing means for separating the clutch.
[0008]
When the pulling string hanging down from the drum is pulled downward, the clutch is engaged, and the rotation of the drum in the pulling string pulling direction is transmitted to the shutter winding drum via the transmission mechanism to wind the shutter by a predetermined amount. When the tension of the drawstring is released, the clutch is disengaged, the drawstring is rewound to the drum, and a simple operation of pulling down the drawstring can be repeated so that even a physically handicapped person, an elderly person or a child in a wheelchair can easily open the shutter. Since this shutter winding device is attached to the outside of the shutter winding drum via a transmission mechanism, it can be easily attached to an existing shutter.
[0009]
The above-mentioned drum rewind biasing means is configured such that a coil spring, a mainspring spring or a bamboo-like spring having an inner diameter larger than the support shaft is mounted on a support shaft rotatably supporting the drum, and one end thereof is connected to the support shaft side. The other end is connected to the side of the drum, and the rewind biasing force is accumulated in the spring by the rotation of the drum when the drawstring wound on the drum is pulled out.
[0010]
Further, the clutch between the transmission mechanism and the drum is configured to be fitted and disengaged by the movement of the drum in the support shaft direction. A guide pulley is installed near the intermediate position in the width direction of the drum while supporting the base end so that the tip can rotate toward the drum side, and the pulling string wound on the drum is connected to the guide pulley and the lever tip. And pulling the drawstring, the lever rotates, the drum moves along the support shaft, and the clutch is engaged.
[0011]
Alternatively, the operating means of the clutch may form a cylindrical portion or an arc-shaped portion centered on the drum support shaft at the end of the drum, and the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion or the arc-shaped portion may be connected to the drum support shaft or its enlarged portion. Spiral guide means along the peripheral surface is formed on one of the outer peripheral surfaces of the drum, and an engaging piece engaging with the guide means is formed on the other. The drum is moved axially between both positions of engagement and disengagement of the clutch by relative movement with respect to the clutch, and the engagement piece is disengaged from the spiral guide means at each position of engagement and disengagement of the clutch. Good.
[0012]
When the transmission mechanism described above is configured to transmit rotation at a reduced speed to the shutter winding drum, using an appropriate mechanism such as a gear transmission mechanism, a wrapping transmission mechanism using a chain and a sprocket or a timing belt and a pulley, and the like, This is convenient because the operation force for pulling out the drawstring is reduced.
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, and includes all embodiments satisfying the requirements described in the claims. It is a thing. FIG. 1 shows an overall configuration of a shutter lifting device according to the present invention in a connected state with a gravity lowering shutter. FIGS. 2 and 3 show the shutter lifting device shown in FIG. 1 in an enlarged manner. This shows a fitted state. FIG. 4 shows the left side of the frame of the shutter winding device, and FIG. 5 shows the right side of the lever of the clutch operating means.
[0014]
In the drawing, a shutter 40 has a basic configuration similar to a conventionally known gravity-lowering shutter, and the shutter 40 is mounted on a wall of a shutter storage section on the ceiling of a building or a mounting bracket (not shown) with a bearing 44. , 44, a winding drum 42 rotatably mounted on the shaft 43, an upper end locked by the winding drum 42, and wound at right and left ends along a guide rail. A slat-shaped or sheet-shaped shutter body 41 which is supported so as to be able to connect a lower end member or an appropriate weight member to a lower end, and is inserted into a shaft 43 to lock one end to the shaft 43 and the other end to the winding drum 42, respectively. And a winding attachment spring 45 formed of a coil spring. The winding attachment spring 45 is configured to accumulate the shutter body attachment force by rotation of the winding drum 42 when the shutter body 41 descends. The winding attachment bias spring 45 initially urges the shutter body 41 so that a slight amount of the winding attachment force remains when the shutter body 41 is wound substantially around the winding drum 42, and the lower end of the shutter body 41 is at the level of the waist of the person. In this state, the weight of the portion of the shutter body 41 hanging down from the winding drum and the winding mounting force are set so as to be substantially balanced.
[0015]
With this configuration, when the lower end of the shutter body 41 of the shutter 40 is pulled down, the shutter body 41 is lowered, and the winding attachment biasing force is additionally accumulated in the winding attachment spring 45, and conversely, the shutter body 41 that has landed on the floor is When the lower end is lifted, the winding drum 42 winds up the shutter body 41 by the action of the winding mounting force accumulated in the winding mounting spring 45. When the shutter body 41 is lifted up to near the waist level of the person, the weight of the shutter body 41 that hangs down from the winding drum. On the other hand, the wind mounting force of the wind mounting spring 45 overcomes, and the shutter body 41 is automatically wound on the winding drum 42 and rises.
[0016]
On the other hand, the shutter winding device 1 is installed in the vicinity of the gravity lowering shutter 40 and is connected to the end of the winding drum 42 for winding the shutter body 41 through the transmission mechanism 2. The hoisting device 1 includes a transmission mechanism 2 that is connected to an end of a winding drum 42 of a shutter 40 via a bush 46 and transmits rotation, a frame 5 that supports the transmission mechanism 2, and a support that is supported by the frame 5. A drum 15 rotatably supported by the shaft 8 and coupled to the transmission mechanism 2 via a clutch 10; a pull cord 20 having a predetermined length wound on one end of the drum 15; The clutch operating means 25 for engaging the clutch 10 in conjunction with the operation of pulling out the clutch 20, the drum rewind biasing means 21 for accumulating the biasing force by rotating the drum 15 in the pulling-out direction of the pull cord 20, and the separation of the clutch 10. And an urging means 13.
[0017]
Next, the detailed structure of each component of the hoisting device 1 having the above-described configuration will be sequentially described below. First, the transmission mechanism 2 will be described. The transmission mechanism 2 is rotatable with respect to the large-diameter sprocket 3a attached to the end of the winding drum 42 via the bush 46 and the support shaft 8 fixed to the frame 5 of the hoisting device 1, and is restricted from moving in the axial direction. A sprocket 3 having a small diameter and a chain 4 wound between the sprockets 3 and 3a. The rotation of the sprocket 3 on the side of the frame 5 is controlled by the transmission mechanism 2. The speed is reduced and transmitted to the winding drum 42 of the shutter 40 to rotate the winding drum 42. In the power transmission mechanism 2, the chain 4 and the sprockets 3 and 3a may be replaced with belts and pulleys, respectively, or may be replaced with a gear type transmission mechanism using gears as well as a winding transmission mechanism.
[0018]
Next, the frame 5 will be described. The frame 5 has a pair of left and right rectangular side plates 6 and 6a facing each other, and a pair of upper and lower parallel connecting members 7 and 7a connecting the side plates 6 and 6a, and has a rectangular frame structure when viewed from the front. A shaft hole for supporting the support shaft 8 of the drum 15 is provided between the upper and lower connecting members 7, 7a of the side plates 6, 6a. At each corner of the left side plate 6 of the frame 5, four long holes 9 which are long in the front and rear direction are respectively formed as mounting bolt holes, and when the frame 5 is mounted on the wall surface, the frame is moved forward and backward. The position can be adjusted.
[0019]
Next, the drum 15 will be described. The drum 15 includes a cylindrical body portion 16 and boss portions 17a and 18a detachably attached to both ends of the body portion 16 and having through holes at the center, respectively, and has a circular shape having an outer diameter larger than that of the body portion 16. The support shaft 8 is inserted into the through holes of the boss portions 17a, 18a of the drum 15 to rotatably support the drum 15, and the support shaft 8 has both ends. Are fixedly supported in shaft holes at the center of the side plates 6 and 6a of the frame body 5, respectively. That is, the drum 15 is supported by the support shaft 8 so as to be rotatable and movable in the axial direction.
[0020]
Next, the clutch 10 between the drum 15 and the transmission mechanism 2 will be described. The clutch 10 is a pawl clutch in the example shown in the accompanying drawings. One clutch piece 11 is fixed to the side surface of the sprocket 3 and the other clutch piece 12 is provided on the boss 17a end of the left flange 17 of the drum 15 in FIG. Be formed. A separation biasing spring 13 composed of a coil spring mounted on the support shaft 8 is interposed between the two clutch pieces 11 and 12 as a clutch biasing means. The claws of the clutch pieces 11 and 12 are disengaged from each other when the clutch separation urging spring 13 pushes the drum to the right in FIG. 1, and the clutch operating means 25 (see below) is activated. Are configured so as to engage with each other. The separation biasing spring 13 is not limited to a coil spring, but can be replaced with an appropriate spring such as a trapezoidal spring or a disc spring. The clutch 10 is not limited to a claw clutch, but may be any type of clutch such as a friction clutch that can rotate in both forward and reverse directions when the clutch pieces are separated from each other.
[0021]
Next, the drawstring 20 of the drum 15 and the drawstring rewind urging means will be described. The drawstring 20 has a tensile strength suitable for being wound around the drum 15 and rotating the drum 15 and the shutter winding drum 42 by the pulling-out action and is flexible, as long as it is a band, a rope, a chain, or the like. Any member such as a linear member may be used. It is convenient that one end is locked to either the trunk 16 of the drum 15 or the left and right flanges 17 and 18 and the other end is provided with an appropriate grip such as an annular grip ring 20a so as to be easily gripped by hand. Good. The drum 15 is provided with a rewind urging means 21 for the drawstring 20. The rewind urging means 21 has a coil spring 22 mounted on a support shaft 8 in the body 16 of the drum 15, one end of which is supported by the support shaft 8, and the other end of which is the inner periphery of the body 16 of the drum 15 or the right and left flanges 17. 18 to be locked. The unwinding urging means 21 is not limited to the coil spring 22, but may be replaced by a spiral spring formed by spirally winding a band-shaped elastic material or a bamboo-shaped spring formed by spirally winding a tapered tube. It is possible.
[0022]
Next, the clutch operating means 25 will be described. The clutch operating means 25 is attached to the connecting member 7 above the frame 5 (upper in FIG. 1), and has a lever support member 28 for rotatably pivoting the base end of the lever 26, and a middle part on the outside ( A pair of front and rear lever members, which are bent to the right side of FIG. 1 on the opposite side of the drum 15) and rotatably attached to the bent portions, rotatably mounted with vertical rollers 26b whose outer peripheral portions are exposed to the outside, are provided at appropriate intervals. A lever 26 formed by fixedly connecting the base ends of the levers with a lever pivot pin 26a, and a distal end of one of the lever members (a lower end of the near side lever member in FIG. 1) of the lever 26 have an extended end. A vertical pulley 27 rotatably mounted via a bearing 27a, and a guide pulley 30 supported by the frame lower connecting member 7a near the intermediate position in the width direction of the drum 15 and substantially parallel to the outer tangent line of the drum body 16 and the pulley 27. Composed of That.
[0023]
The lever 26 is configured such that the outer circumferences of the rollers 26b, 26b of the lever 26 are in contact with the outer surface of the right flange 18 of the drum 15, and the pulley 27 side of the lever 26 is rotatable in the left-right direction (along the support shaft 8). The lever pivot pin 26a at the base end 26 is supported by the lever support member 28, and the drawstring 20 wound around the drum 15 is moved from the guide pulley 30 adjacent to the center of the drum 15 via the pulley 27 at the tip of the lever 26. And pull it out.
[0024]
The lever 26 is attached to the lever support member 28 in such a manner that the roller 26b of the intermediate bent portion is in contact with the outer surface of the right flange 18 of the drum 15 and the tip of the lever 26 is warped to the right outside of the drum 15. I have. For this reason, when the lower grip ring 20a of the drawstring 20 is pulled down, the lever 26 pushes the right flange 18 of the drum 15 to rotate by the tension, and the drum 15 moves leftward along the support shaft 8 by the action. The clutch 10 is configured to be engaged.
[0025]
Next, the operation of the hoisting device 1 of the gravitational descent type shutter 40 having the above configuration will be described. When the pulling force is not applied to the pull cord 20, the hoisting device 1 separates the claws of the clutch 10 from each other by the action of the separation urging means 13, and operates the clutch operating means 25 by the pull action of the pull cord 20, and Ten claws mesh with each other. The rotation of the drum 15 accompanying the pulling out of the drawstring 20 is transmitted to the winding drum 42 of the shutter 40 via the clutch 10 and the transmission mechanism 2, and the urging force of the rewinding urging means 21 is accumulated. When the string 20 is loosened, the force of the clutch operating means 25 for pushing the drum 15 toward the sprocket 3 is lost, and the claw of the clutch 10 is released by the action of the separation urging means 13, and the released drum 15 is urged to rewind. The drawstring 20 is rewound by reversing the action of the means 21. That is, when the pull cord 20 hanging down from the drum 15 of the hoisting device 1 is pulled downward, the shutter body 41 can be wound up by a predetermined amount, and when the pulling force of the pull cord 20 is loosened, the clutch 10 is disengaged and the pull cord 20 is released. Is wound back on the drum 15, and when this operation is repeated, the shutter body 41 is sequentially wound around the winding drum. Then, when the self-weight of the shutter body 41 becomes smaller than the winding attachment force of the winding drum 42, the shutter body 41 is automatically wound up.
[0026]
During the rewinding process of the drawstring 20, in a region where the self-weight of the shutter body 41 is larger than the winding attachment force of the winding attachment spring 45, the shutter body 41 tends to lower its own weight. The movable portion has a resistance such as a frictional action, and the unwinding of the drawstring 20 is performed at a high speed in a very short time. In the hoisting device 1 according to the present invention, since the coupling with the shutter 40 is separated by the separation urging means 13 of the clutch 10 in the normal state where the pull cord 20 is not pulled, the shutter body 41 is similar to the general self-weight drop type shutter. The convenient function of easily and quickly performing the operation of pulling down the lower end of the shutter body or raising and lowering the lower end of the shutter body 41 can be utilized as it is.
[0027]
The clutch operating means 25 of the hoisting device 1 serves as a means for restricting the rotation of the lever 26 to the right more than necessary. 29 are provided. The stopper 29 is formed with a screw member, and the lever rotation range can be adjusted by the screwing amount. The lever 26 has a plurality of contact portions so that the position of the stopper 29 can be changed up and down. In the example shown in the figure, the lever 26 has a U-shape in a side view in which the base ends of a pair of lever members are fixedly connected to each other by a lever pivot pin 26a. And has sufficient rigidity to move the drum 15 to the left against the biasing spring 13 of the clutch 10. The lever 26 is not limited to the illustrated form and may be formed in any appropriate form as long as it is a member having such a function. For example, the lever 26 may be formed of a single lever member. Although not shown, the drum 15 is provided with an initial urging force, that is, a rotational resistance, by the rewind urging means 21, and when the drawstring is pulled, the clutch is first fitted and then the drum is rotated. If it is set, idling of the drum 15 when the drawstring 20 is pulled out can be avoided. The stopper 29 is not limited to the illustrated one, and may be in any appropriate form as long as the stopper 29 has a function of restricting the rotation of the lever 26 more than necessary.
[0028]
Next, another embodiment of the clutch operating means of the hoisting device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the shutter winding device of the present invention, and FIG. 7 shows a state where the clutch of the shutter winding device shown in FIG. 6 is engaged. These drawings are front views of another hoisting device 1a of the hoisting device 1 described above, as viewed from the same side as FIG. The hoisting device 1a has substantially the same configuration as the hoisting device 1 described above, except for the clutch operating means 35. Therefore, in the drawing, the same members as those of the hoisting device 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals. The clutch operating means 35 shown in this figure has a cylindrical portion 36 centered on the support shaft 8 at the outer end of the right flange 18 of the drum 15 and a support shaft at a position facing the inner periphery of the cylindrical portion 36 of the drum 15. 8, a support shaft enlarged portion 38 is formed, and spiral guide grooves 39, 39 along the peripheral surface are formed on the outer periphery of the support shaft enlarged portion 38 at diagonal positions. Engaging pieces 37, 37 respectively engaging with the guide grooves 39, 39 protrude from the circumference, and in a region where the engaging piece 37 on the drum side and the guide groove 39 on the support shaft 8 are engaged, the drum 15 is engaged. When the is rotated forward or backward, the engagement piece 37 relatively moves along the guide groove 39, and the drum 15 is configured to move in the axial direction during the engagement / disengagement stroke of the clutch 10. It is sufficient that at least one set of the guide groove 39 and the engagement piece 37 is provided. However, when the guide groove 39 and the engagement piece 37 are formed at the opposed positions, they are convenient in that they come into the engagement position every half rotation and the operation is stable.
[0029]
The guide groove 39 is formed in a spiral shape, that is, a screw shape on the peripheral surface of the support shaft enlarged-diameter portion 38. However, since the axial movement amount of the drum 15 required for clutch engagement and disengagement is small, the guide groove 39 is formed. The inclination of the spiral with respect to the circumferential direction may be set to be equal to or less than the friction angle with the sliding piece (approximately 25 ° or less). . Although not shown, a guide groove is formed on the inner periphery of the cylindrical portion 36 formed in the drum 15, and an engaging piece 37 that engages with the guide groove 39 is formed on the support shaft 8 or the support shaft, contrary to the above description. The protrusion may be formed on the enlarged diameter portion 38. Alternatively, although not shown, a threaded guide portion may be formed to protrude instead of the guide groove, and a sliding piece having a concave portion engaged with the threaded guide portion may be used instead of the engaging piece.
[0030]
In this mechanism, the width of the enlarged shaft portion 38 is set so that the engagement piece 37 is disengaged from the guide groove 39 at each position where the clutch 10 is disengaged, and the drum 15 rotates in that state. For example, a coil spring, which can be urged in both directions of compression and tension, is used as the separation urging spring 13a. Both ends of the separation biasing spring 13a are each bent outward in the radial direction or form a protruding portion that protrudes outward in the radial direction, and the bosses of the clutch pieces 11 and 12 at the ends where the ends of the separation biasing spring 13a abut. An annular groove is formed on the inner circumference of the clutch. One of the bent portion or the protruding portion (one end of the spring 13a) at both ends of the separation biasing spring is provided in the annular groove of the clutch piece 11 on the sprocket 3 side, and the other (of the spring 13a). The other end) engages with the annular groove of the clutch piece 12 on the drum 15 side so as to be relatively slidable along the groove direction, and when the separation biasing spring is more than the neutral state, the two clutch pieces 11, 12 are separated. Is connected to a relationship in which an action force for attracting and urging the two is generated. The separation biasing spring 13a is configured so that an intermediate position of the engagement and disengagement movement process of the clutch pieces 11 and 12 is the neutral point. In other words, the separation urging spring 13a has a function in which the separation urging force becomes zero during the movement of the drum 15 to the clutch disengagement side, and the urging force is reversed when the drum 15 moves further to the clutch disengagement side. When the drum 15 rotates, the engagement piece 37 and the guide groove 39 are securely engaged within one rotation of the drum (preferably within half a rotation).
[0031]
Next, the operation of the clutch operating means 35 having the above configuration will be described. In a state where the clutch 10 is separated, the engagement piece 37 of the drum 15 abuts on the outer side surface (right side surface) of the enlarged shaft portion 38 and is urged leftward by the separation urging spring 13a, and the clutch 10 is fitted. In the combined state, the engaging piece 37 of the drum 15 abuts on the inner side surface (left side surface) of the shaft enlarged diameter portion 38 and is urged rightward by the separation urging spring 13a. On the other hand, the guide groove 39 is formed in a spiral shape along the outer periphery of the shaft enlarged portion 38, and both ends communicate with left and right side surfaces of the shaft enlarged portion 38. Therefore, when the end portion of the drawstring 20 wound around the drum 12 is pulled down, the drum rotates forward (rotation in a direction in which the shutter body 41 is wound up), and the drum-side engaging piece 37 is moved to the spindle-side guide groove. At the time when the position coincides with the right end of 39, the engagement with the guide groove 39 is performed, the drum 15 moves leftward along the guide groove 39, and the clutch 10 is engaged. At the position where the clutch 10 is completely engaged, the engagement piece 38 is disengaged from the left end of the guide groove 39. Thereafter, the drum continues normal rotation at that position, transmits rotation to the sprocket 3, and the shutter body 41 winds up and the drum 15 The rewind urging force is accumulated in the coil spring 22 of the rewind urging means 21 inside. Next, when the pulling force of the drawstring 20 is reduced, the drum is reversed in the direction of rewinding the drawstring 20 by the action of the biasing force accumulated in the rewind biasing means 21 in the drum 15, and the drum-side engaging piece At the time when 37 coincides with the left end of the guide groove 39, the engagement with the guide groove 39 occurs, the drum 15 moves rightward along the guide groove 39, and the clutch 10 is disconnected. At the position where the clutch 10 is completely disengaged, the engagement piece 38 is disengaged from the right end of the guide groove 39, and thereafter, the drum continues to reverse at that position and rewinds the drawstring 20 to the initial state. By repeating the above operation, the shutter body 41 is sequentially wound up.
[0032]
In the rewinding process of the drawstring 20, the winding drum 42 that winds up the shutter body 41 slightly reverses, but this reversing action is a very short transient phenomenon at the beginning of the rewinding process of the pullstring. Due to the frictional resistance and the effect of the biasing force of the winding attachment spring 45 inside the winding drum 42, the phenomenon that the shutter body 41 continuously descends does not occur.
[0033]
Each of the embodiments described above exemplifies a method in which the hoisting device 1 or 1a is connected to the shutter 40 by using the transmission mechanism 2 such as a chain, and the rotation of the drum 15 is transmitted to the shutter 40. However, instead of this transmission mechanism, an appropriate connecting member is attached to the end of the winding drum 42 of the shutter 40, and this connecting member is used as a transmission mechanism at the end of the city, on the drum 15 side of the clutch 10 of the hoisting device 1 or 1a. A mating clutch piece (clutch piece corresponding to the clutch piece 11 on the sprocket 3 side) that meshes with the clutch piece 12 may be provided, and the shutter 40 and the hoisting device 1 or 1a may be arranged to face each other in a straight line. It is convenient to operate the pull cord 20 by reducing the operating force of the drawstring 20 by interposing a speed reducing means such as a planetary speed reducer or a cyclo speed reducer in the connecting member with the same arrangement.
[0034]
The above description is based on the assumption that the shutter winding cylinder has a built-in spring that is almost balanced with the weight of the shutter, and the lower end of the shutter is pulled down when lowering, and the lower end of the shutter is manually lifted when winding up. The shutter can be easily opened and closed with the operating force, and when released, the shutter body is pulled up halfway, and the winding attachment force overcomes the gravity in the downward direction of the shutter body and automatically rolls up, explaining the example of a gravity drop type shutter. did. However, among the gravitational descent shutters, in the fire alarm interlocking type gravitational descent shutter, the urging force of the wind attachment urging device is set to be weaker than that of the above-mentioned shutter, and the fire alarm (shown in FIG. No), a brake device (not shown) that releases in conjunction with the operation signal etc. is incorporated. If this brake device is released when the shutter descends, such as in the event of a fire, the shutter will drop to the floor surface under its own weight, and it will wind in conjunction with it There is also a type in which the winding attachment force is accumulated in a winding attachment device incorporated in the body, and the operating force when the shutter is opened is reduced. The shutter winding device of the present invention can be applied to any of these two types of gravity lowering type shutters, and detailed operation description for the latter is omitted, but the same operation and effect are obtained for both types. . When the latter is provided with the shutter lifting device of the present invention, the shutter body slowly descends by its own weight and automatically passes through the passage even if a person is evacuated and left as it is. Because it shuts off, it is possible to prevent the fire from spreading due to forgetting to close the shutter after passing, and it can be said that the effect is further exhibited in the event of a fire.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a gravity lowering type shutter hoisting apparatus, wherein a drum on which a drawstring is wound is coupled to a transmission mechanism for transmitting rotation to a winding drum of the shutter via a clutch, and the pullstring is provided. With the function of pulling out the clutch, the rotation of the drum is transmitted to the shutter winding drum, and when the force for pulling the drawstring is loosened, the clutch comes off and the drawstring is rewound. There is an effect that the shutter can be easily wound up by itself by repeating an easy operation common to physically handicapped persons, elderly people and children, that is, a simple operation of pulling down a drawstring hanging from the ceiling. . Moreover, since the shutter take-up device has a structure connected to the winding drum of the gravity-down shutter via a transmission mechanism, it can be easily attached to the existing gravity-down shutter without replacing the winding drum. In addition, since the edge of the shutter is usually cut off with a clutch, the lowering of the shutter is performed by pulling down the lower end of the shutter, and the raising of the shutter is performed by lifting the lower end of the shutter. There is an operational effect such as being able to utilize the excellent operability of the gravity lowering shutter as it is.
[0036]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the wind-up device for a gravity descent shutter, the drum rewind biasing means is mounted on a spindle of the drum with a coil spring, a mainspring spring, or a bamboo spring having an inner diameter larger than the spindle. And the other end is connected to the support shaft side and the other end is connected to the drum side, and the unwinding biasing force of the spring is accumulated by the drum rotating action when pulling out the drawstring wound on the drum. As a result, the drum can be moved in the axial direction of the drum, that is, the clutch can be disengaged and disengaged without any trouble, and the rewinding can sufficiently cope with the draw-out length of the drawstring of more than several tens of centimeters and more than about one meter. The biasing spring can be compactly stored in the drum. In other words, it is compact and can be installed in a narrow space, it can be easily installed on existing shutters, and the reduction ratio of the transmission mechanism is increased to reduce the operating force, and the pull-out length of the drawstring is increased. There is an operational effect such that it can be easily handled.
[0037]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a gravity lowering type shutter hoisting device in which a clutch between the transmission mechanism and the drum is fitted and disengaged by moving the drum in the support shaft direction, and the operating means of the clutch has a pulley at a tip. An intermediate portion of the lever abuts on the drum side end and supports the base end so that the tip can rotate toward the drum side.A guide pulley is installed near the intermediate position in the width direction of the drum, and the lever is mounted on the drum. The wound pull cord is wound around the guide pulley and the pulley at the tip of the lever so as to be pulled out, so that the clutch is fitted and disengaged in conjunction with the operation of pulling the pull string downward and the loosening operation. Was realized with a simple configuration. Since the drawstring is wound around the drum via the guide pulley, there is an effect that the drawstring can be prevented from being randomly wound or bitten on the drum and can be smoothly operated.
[0038]
According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a gravity lowering type shutter hoisting device, wherein the clutch operating means is formed at the end of the drum with a cylindrical portion or an arc portion centered on the drum support shaft. Spiral guide means along the peripheral surface is formed on one of the inner peripheral surface of the portion and the outer peripheral surface of the drum support shaft or the enlarged diameter portion thereof, and the other is provided with an engaging piece for engaging the guide means. The relative movement between the engaging piece and the guide means accompanying rotation of the drum causes the drum to move axially between both positions where the clutch is engaged and disengaged, and at each position where the clutch is engaged and disengaged, the engaging piece is Since the clutch is configured to be disengaged from the spiral groove, the clutch engagement / disengagement mechanism is not exposed to the outside, the clutch can be securely engaged / disengaged by a slight rotation of the drum, and the drawstring is directly pulled out of the drum. Maintain a beautiful aesthetic There are advantageous effects such capable than one reliable operation.
[0039]
The gravity lowering type shutter hoisting device according to the fifth aspect of the invention uses a shutter mechanism by using an appropriate mechanism such as a gear type transmission mechanism, a wrapping transmission mechanism using a chain and a sprocket or a timing belt and a pulley as a transmission mechanism. Since the rotation is transmitted to the torso at a reduced speed, the operation force for pulling out the drawstring is reduced, and there is an operational effect that a physically handicapped person, an elderly person, a child, or the like in a wheelchair can easily operate.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an entire configuration of a shutter winding device according to the present invention and a gravity lowering shutter in a connected state.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the shutter winding device shown in FIG. 1, and is a partial cross-sectional view in which a clutch and a drum portion are cross-sectioned.
3 is a view showing a state in which a clutch of the shutter winding device shown in FIG. 2 is engaged.
FIG. 4 is a view showing a left side surface of a frame of the shutter winding device shown in FIG. 2;
5 is a diagram illustrating a right side surface of a lever portion of the shutter winding device illustrated in FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a view showing another embodiment of the shutter winding device of the present invention.
7 is a view showing a state in which a clutch of the shutter winding device shown in FIG. 6 is engaged.
[Explanation of symbols]
1,1a hoisting device
2 Transmission mechanism
3,3a sprocket
4 chain
5 Frame
6,6a side plate
7,7a connecting member
8 spindle
9 Slot
10 clutch
11,12 Clutch piece
13 Separating biasing spring (separating biasing means)
13a Separating bias spring (separating biasing means)
15 drums
16 torso
17 Left flange
17a Boss
18 Right flange
18a Boss
20 String
20a grip ring
21 Rewind biasing means
22 coil spring
25 Clutch operating means
26 lever
26a Lever pivot pin
26b roller
27 Pulley
27a bearing
28 Lever support member
29 Stopper
30 guide pulley
35 Clutch operating means
36 cylindrical part
37 Engagement piece
38 Support shaft enlarged part
39 Guide groove (guide means)
40 Gravity descent shutter (shutter)
41 Shutter body (slat, seat)
42 winding drum
43 axes
44 Bearing
45 roll mounting spring
46 Bush
