JP2004224838A - Vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste, its production method, and production method for vinyl chloride resin for paste processing - Google Patents

Vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste, its production method, and production method for vinyl chloride resin for paste processing Download PDF

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JP2004224838A
JP2004224838A JP2003011444A JP2003011444A JP2004224838A JP 2004224838 A JP2004224838 A JP 2004224838A JP 2003011444 A JP2003011444 A JP 2003011444A JP 2003011444 A JP2003011444 A JP 2003011444A JP 2004224838 A JP2004224838 A JP 2004224838A
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vinyl chloride
paste
chloride polymer
polymer latex
polymer particles
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JP4151419B2 (en
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Shinichi Yoshida
信一 吉田
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Tosoh Corp
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Tosoh Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vinyl chloride polymer latex which gives a vinyl chloride resin for paste preparation which, when converted into a polyvinyl chloride paste sol, starts gelation at a low temperature, shows a high thixotropy and a small viscosity change with time, exhibits a small rate of change in thixotropy and in viscosity, and gives a molded item excellent in strength characteristics. <P>SOLUTION: The vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste contains vinyl chloride polymer particles having the following characteristics: the average degree of polymerization is 1,400-2,000; the average particle size is 0.8-2 μm; and the ratio of vinyl chloride polymer particles with a particle size of 0.5 μm or lower is 8 wt.% or lower based on the whole vinyl chloride polymer particles. The vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste is produced by subjecting a vinyl chloride polymer latex to centrifugal separation or filtration. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックス及びその製造方法に関するものであり、更に詳しくは、ゲル化開始温度が低く、ペースト塩ビゾルとした際のチキソ性(ペースト塩ビゾルの耐ゾル垂れ性をいう。)が高く、該ゾルの粘度経時変化が少なく、また、加熱、攪拌条件下におけるチキソ性およびペースト塩ビゾル粘度の変化率が少なく、成形加工品とした際には強度特性に優れたペースト加工用塩化ビニル系樹脂となるペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックス及びその製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ペースト加工用塩化ビニル系樹脂(以下、ペースト塩ビと略記する。)は、通常、可塑剤、希釈剤、安定剤等の配合剤と混練することによりペースト塩ビゾルとして加工に供され、ディッピング、コーティング、スラッシュモールディング等の用途に用いられる。ディッピング加工のうち、手袋製造のようなペースト塩ビゾル中へ特に高温に加熱しない型を浸漬するコールドディッピング加工においては、型をペースト塩ビゾルより引き上げた後、加熱ゲル化するまでの過程でペースト塩ビゾルが垂れないことが要求される。また、ゲル化開始温度はより低いことが望まれる。
【0003】
通常、コールドディッピング加工に用いるペースト塩ビゾルはペースト塩ビに可塑剤、希釈剤、安定剤、顔料およびチキソ剤等を添加して調製される。チキソ剤としてはステアリン酸石けんのような金属石けん類、極微細炭酸カルシウム類、珪酸カルシウム類、シリカ、アエロジル、有機アミン処理ベントナイト等が知られている(例えば、非特許文献1参照。)。
【0004】
一方、ペースト塩ビは乳化重合法、シード乳化重合法、ミクロ懸濁重合法、シードミクロ懸濁重合法等の方法によって重合される(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。
【0005】
【非特許文献1】
近畿化学工業会ビニル部会編集「ポリ塩化ビニル−その化学と工業−II」朝倉書店発行、昭和41年7月25日発行、第324頁
【特許文献1】
特公昭53−31674号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
特許文献1に提案されているような重合法によれば、重合後の塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスの単位粒子径は再現性よく、粒径コントロールもし易い利点がある。しかし、このような重合法により製造した塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスをそのまま用いてペースト塩ビを製造し、これをコールドディッピング用に使用した場合には、配合においてチキソ剤を添加してもチキソ性が著しく劣るという課題があった。
【0007】
そこで、本発明は、ペースト塩ビゾルとしてコールドディッピング加工に供した際にもチキソ性が高く、ゲル化開始温度が低く、該ゾルの粘度経時変化が少なく、また、加熱、攪拌条件下におけるチキソ性およびペースト塩ビゾル粘度の変化率が少なく、成形加工品とした際には強度特性に優れたペースト加工用塩化ビニル系樹脂となるペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックス及びその製造方法を提供することを目的とするものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は上記課題に関し、鋭意検討した結果、特定の平均重合度、平均粒子径からなり、特定の粒子径割合を有する塩化ビニル系重合体粒子からなるペースト加工用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスによって上記課題が解決できることを見出し、本発明を完成させるに至った。
【0009】
即ち、本発明は、ラテックス中の塩化ビニル系重合体粒子が下記(1)〜(3)の特性を満足することを特徴とするペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスに関するものである。
(1)塩化ビニル系重合体の平均重合度1400〜2000
(2)平均粒子径が0.8〜2μm
(3)全塩化ビニル系重合体粒子に占める粒子径0.5μm以下の塩化ビニル系重合体粒子割合が8重量%以下
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
【0010】
本発明のペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスより得られるペースト加工用塩化ビニル系樹脂、該ペースト加工用塩化ビニル系樹脂よりなるペースト塩ビゾルはチキソ性が高く、ゲル化開始温度が低く、該ゾルの粘度経時変化が少ないために、コールドディッピング用途に適したものとなる。
【0011】
本発明のペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックス中の塩化ビニル系重合体粒子は、(1)塩化ビニル系重合体の平均重合度1400〜2000、(2)平均粒子径が0.8〜2μm、(3)全塩化ビニル系重合体粒子に占める粒子径0.5μm以下の塩化ビニル系重合体粒子割合が8重量%以下、というそれぞれの特性を満足するものであり、これら(1)〜(3)の特性のいずれか1つでも満足されない場合、本発明の目的を達成することは困難となる。
【0012】
ここで、ペースト加工用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックス中の塩化ビニル系重合体粒子の平均重合度は1400〜2000である。平均重合度が1400未満である場合、得られたペースト加工用塩化ビニル系樹脂を成形加工品とした際の強度が不足する等の問題がある。一方、平均重合度が2000を越える場合、得られたペースト加工用塩化ビニル系樹脂を成形加工する際の溶融粘度が高くなり過ぎ、均一な成形品を得ることが困難となる。
【0013】
また、ペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックス中の塩化ビニル系重合体粒子の平均粒子径は0.8 〜2μmであり、特に得られたペースト加工用塩化ビニル系樹脂をペースト塩ビゾルとした際の流動特性と加熱時のゲル化溶融性の両者が満足されることから1.0〜1.5μmであることがより好ましい。平均粒子径が0.8μm未満である場合、得られたペースト加工用塩化ビニル系樹脂をペースト塩ビゾルとした際のゲル化溶融速度は速くなるが、ペースト塩ビゾルの粘度および粘度経時変化が大きくなり取り扱い性が悪化する。一方、平均粒子径が2μmより大きい場合、得られたペースト加工用塩化ビニル系樹脂をペースト塩ビゾルとした際のゲル化溶融速度が著しく遅くなるため加工性に劣るものとなる。
【0014】
ペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックス中の塩化ビニル系重合体粒子は、該塩化ビニル系重合体粒子に占める粒子径0.5μm以下の塩化ビニル系重合体粒子割合が8重量%以下のものである。ここで、粒子径0.5μm以下の塩化ビニル系重合体粒子割合が8重量%を越える場合、得られたペースト加工用塩化ビニル系樹脂をペースト塩ビゾルとした際のチキソ性が低くなる、加熱、攪拌条件下でのチキソ性が劣る、ペースト塩ビゾルの粘度の経時変化が大きくなる、等の問題が発生する。
【0015】
本発明のペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスの製造方法としては、本発明のペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスを得られる限りにおいていかなる方法をも用いることが可能であり、以下に、好ましい態様の一例としての製造方法を具体的に説明するが本発明のペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスの製造方法としてはこれに限定されるものではない。
【0016】
本発明のペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスは、例えば以下に示す方法により製造する事が可能である。
【0017】
重合開始剤、界面活性剤の存在下、水性媒体中において塩化ビニル系単量体をミクロ懸濁重合法、乳化重合法、シードミクロ懸濁重合法、シード乳化重合法等の重合法により重合し、ペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスの製造を行う方法を挙げることができ、シード重合法とは、ミクロ懸濁重合法により得られる重合開始剤を含有する重合体粒子又は乳化重合法により得られる重合開始剤を含有しない重合体粒子をシード粒子として用い、界面活性剤、緩衝剤等の存在下、水性媒体中において塩化ビニル系単量体の重合を行う方法である。ここで、本発明のペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスの製造方法としては、得られるペースト加工用塩化ビニル系樹脂をペーストゾルとした際にゲル化開始温度が低く、ペースト塩ビゾル粘度の変化率が少なく、成形加工品とした際には強度特性に優れたペースト加工用塩化ビニル系樹脂となるペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスが得られ易いことからシードミクロ懸濁重合法を用いることが特に好ましい。
【0018】
ここで、本発明のペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスを製造する際の重合反応温度としては、本発明のペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスが得られる限りにおいていかなる温度でもよく、その中でも平均重合度が1400〜2000の塩化ビニル系重合体粒子が効率よく得られることから42〜51℃の重合反応温度範囲で重合を行うことが好ましい。
【0019】
また、塩化ビニル系重合体粒子に占める粒子径0.5μm以下の塩化ビニル系重合体粒子割合が8重量%以下であるペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスを効率良く調整する方法として、重合反応により得られた塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスを遠心分離又は限外濾過,精密濾過等に代表される濾過を行い、塩化ビニル系重合体粒子に占める粒子径0.5μm以下の塩化ビニル系重合体粒子割合が8重量%以下となるように塩化ビニル系重合体粒子の一部を分離し、残った塩化ビニル系重合体粒子に分離前の塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスの固形分濃度および界面活性剤濃度になるように界面活性剤水溶液と水を添加し、その後塩化ビニル系重合体粒子を十分に分散させることが好ましい。
【0020】
塩化ビニル系単量体とは、塩化ビニル単量体単独又は塩化ビニル単量体を主体としこれと共重合し得る単量体との混合物であり、該混合物中の塩化ビニル単量体量は80重量%以上であることが好ましく、90重量%以上であることがより好ましい。ここで、塩化ビニル単量体と共重合し得る単量体としては、例えば、エチレン、プロピレンなどのオレフィン系化合物;酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニルなどのビニルエステル類;アクリル酸、メタクリル酸などの不飽和モノカルボン酸;アクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸エチル、アクリル酸−n−ブチル、アクリル酸−2−ヒドロキシエチル、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸エチル、メタクリル酸−N,N−ジメチルアミノエチルなどの不飽和モノカルボン酸エステル類;アクリルアミド、メタクリルアミドなどの不飽和アミド類;アクリロニトリル、メタクリロニトリルなどの不飽和ニトリル類;マレイン酸、フマール酸などの不飽和ジカルボン酸類、これらのエステル、これらの無水物;N−置換マレイミド類;ビニルメチルエーテル、ビニルエチルエーテルなどのビニルエーテル類;さらに塩化ビニリデンなどのビニリデン化合物などを挙げることができる。
【0021】
重合開始剤としては、例えば過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸アンモニウム、過酸化水素等の水溶性重合開始剤;ベンゾイルパーオキサイド,p−クロロベンゾイルパーオキサイド等の芳香族ジアシルパーオキサイド、カプロイルパーオキサイド,ライロイルパーオキサイド等の脂肪族パーオキサイド、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル,アゾビスイソバレロニトリル等のアゾ化合物、t−ブチルパーオキシピバレート等の有機酸のパーオキシジエステル、ジイソプロピルパーオキシジカーボネート,ジオクチルパーオキシジカーボネート等のパーオキシジカーボネート、アセチルシクロヘキスルスルホニルパーオキサイド等の油溶性重合開始剤が挙げられ、更に、重合速度を増加するためには、鉄、銅などの金属塩およびアスコルビン酸などの還元物質からなるレドックス系物質で賦活することができる。
【0022】
界面活性剤としては、例えばアニオン性界面活性剤又はノニオン性界面活性剤等が挙げられ、ここで、アニオン性界面活性剤としては、例えばドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウムなどのアルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩;ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、テトラデシル硫酸ナトリウムなどのアルキル硫酸エステル塩;ジオクチルスルホコハク酸ナトリウム、ジへキシルスルホコハク酸ナトリウムなどのスルホコハク酸塩;ラウリン酸ナトリウム、半硬化牛脂脂肪酸カリウムなどの脂肪酸塩;ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテルサルフェートナトリウム塩、ポリオキシエチレンノニルフェニルエーテルサルフェートナトリウム塩などのエトキシサルフェート塩;アルカンスルホン酸塩;アルキルエーテル燐酸エステルナトリウム塩などを挙げることができる。また、ノニオン性界面活性剤としては、例えばポリオキシエチレンノニルフェニルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンラウリルエステルなどを挙げることができるが、より安定に重合が可能であることから、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩、アルキル硫酸エステル塩またはアルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩とアルキル硫酸エステル塩の混合物を使用することが好ましい。また、界面活性剤の助剤として、例えばオクチルアルコール、ノニルアルコール、デシルアルコール、ラウリルアルコール、セチルアルコール、ミリスチルアルコール、パルミチルアルコール、ステアリルアルコール、2−エチルヘキシルアルコールのような直鎖または分枝の高級アルコールを使用してもよく、これらは単独または組み合わせて使用することができる。
【0023】
緩衝剤としては、リン酸一もしくは二水素アルカリ金属塩、フタル酸水素カリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウムなどがあげられる。
【0024】
また、シードミクロ懸濁重合法を行う際に用いられる重合開始剤等を含有するシード粒子は、例えば以下のようなミクロ懸濁重合法により調整することが可能である。まず、水性媒体中に塩化ビニル系単量体、塩化ビニル系単量体に可溶な重合開始剤、界面活性剤、緩衝剤及び高級アルコール,高級脂肪酸,高級脂肪酸エステル,塩素化パラフンなどの分散助剤、必要に応じて重合度調整剤を加えてプレミックスし、ホモジナイザー等により均質化処理して油滴の調整を行う。その際のホモジナイザーとしては、例えばコロイドミル、振動攪拌機、二段式高圧ポンプなどを用いることができる。均質化処理を行った後の水性分散液を重合器に送り、緩やかに攪拌しながら重合器内の温度を上げて重合反応を開始し、以後所定の転化率に達するまで重合を行うことにより重合開始剤等を含有したシード粒子が製造できる。重合温度としては30〜55℃であることが好ましい。また、塩化ビニル系単量体に可溶な重合開始剤としては、例えばイソブチリルパーオキサイド、3,3,5−トリメチルヘキサノイルパーオキサイド、オクタノイルパーオキサイド、ラウロイルパーオキサイド、ステアロイルパーオキサイド、コハク酸パーオキサイドなどの10時間半減期温度30〜70℃のジアシルパーオキサイドが好ましく、界面活性剤としては、上記した界面活性剤を単独あるいは、2種類以上を混合しても用いることができる。また、必要に応じて用いられる重合度調整剤は上記したものを用いることができる。
【0025】
本発明のペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスは、該ラテックスから塩化ビニル系重合体を回収することによりペースト加工用塩化ビニル系樹脂として用いることが可能であり、その際にはペースト加工用塩化ビニル系樹脂の生産効率に優れることから噴霧乾燥法を用いることが好ましい。
【0026】
その際の噴霧乾燥に使用する乾燥機は、一般的に使用されているものであればいずれでもよく、例えば「SPRAY DAYING HANDBOOK」(K.Masters著、3版、1979年、George godwin Limitedより出版)の121頁第4.10図に記載されている各種のスプレー乾燥機があげられる。その際の乾燥条件として、乾燥温度は、乾燥機の入口で一般的に80〜200℃に、また出口では40〜70℃、好ましくは45℃〜65℃がよい。また、噴霧乾燥により得られたペースト加工用塩化ビニル系樹脂は、本発明のペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスを構成する塩化ビニル系重合体粒子の凝集体であり、通常10〜150μmの顆粒状である。乾燥出口温度が52℃を超える場合には、得られた顆粒状ペースト塩ビを粉砕した方が可塑剤への分散性の点から好ましく、乾燥出口温度が52℃以下であれば、顆粒状のままでも粉砕して使用してもどちらでもよい。
【0027】
本発明のペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスを噴霧乾燥することにより得られたペースト加工用塩化ビニル系樹脂は、ペースト塩ビゾルとしてコールドディッピング加工に供した際にもチキソ性が高く、ゲル化開始温度が低く、該ゾルの粘度経時変化が少なく、また、加熱、攪拌条件下におけるチキソ性およびペースト塩ビゾル粘度の変化率が少なく、成形加工品とした際には強度特性に優れたペースト加工用塩化ビニル系樹脂となる。
【0028】
【実施例】
以下に、本発明を実施例をあげて更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例により制限されるものではない。なお、以下に実施例において用いた測定方法及び評価方法を示す。
【0029】
〜ペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスの平均粒子径及び全塩化ビニル系重合体粒子に占める粒子径0.5μm以下の塩化ビニル系重合体粒子割合の測定〜
レーザー回折/散乱式粒度分布測定装置(堀場製作所製、商品名LA−700)により屈折率1.3の条件にて得られたペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックス中の塩化ビニル系重合体粒子径分布を測定し、その結果より平均粒子径を測定した。また、得られた測定値から粒子径0.5μm以下の塩化ビニル系重合体粒子割合を読み取り全塩化ビニル系重合体粒子に占める粒子径0.5μm以下の塩化ビニル系重合体粒子割合の測定値とした。
【0030】
この操作を2回繰り返し得られたそれぞれの平均値を測定結果とした。
【0031】
〜塩化ビニル系重合体の平均重合度の測定〜
JIS−K6721のウベローデ粘度計を用いて、溶液粘度測定法により平均重合度を算出した。
【0032】
〜ペースト塩ビゾルのゾル粘度の測定〜
下記条件において得られたペースト塩ビゾル1をステンレス製ビーカー中で調製し、40℃に保った恒温水槽に浸し、スクリュー型攪拌羽根により300rpmで連続的に攪拌した。恒温水槽に浸漬後1,3,24時間それぞれ経過した後のペースト塩ビゾル1をB8H型粘度計(東京計器製、ローターNo.3を使用。)を用い、ローター回転数5,10rpmのそれぞれの粘度を測定した。
【0033】
ペースト塩ビゾル1の調製
得られたペースト加工用塩化ビニル系樹脂100重量部に対し、ジ−2−エチルヘキシルフタレート90重量部、Ba/Zn安定剤3重量部、酸化チタン(堺化学製、商品名チタントナー R−650)2重量部、微細粒子無水シリカ(日本アエロジル(株)製、商品名アエロジル#200)0.5重量部を配合し、T.K.ホモディスパー(特殊機化工業製)を用い2000rpmで2分間混練し、ペースト塩ビゾル1を調整した。
【0034】
〜チキソ値及びチキソ安定性の評価〜
ペースト塩ビゾル1のゾル粘度から次式によりチキソ値およびチキソ安定性を算出し、その評価を行った。
【0035】
チキソ値=Y7.5/V7.5
7.5 (補正粘度)=2×V’10−V’
7.5(降伏値)=(V’−V’10)×0.1
V’=5rpmでのゾル粘度、V’10=10rpmでのゾル粘度
〜ペースト塩ビゾルのゲル化開始温度の測定〜
下記条件で得られたペースト塩ビゾル2をトルクレオメータ(Haake Buckler社製、商品名Rheocord System 40)を用い下記条件下で混練して得られる混練トルクvs樹脂温度曲線の立ち上がり部分をトルク0に直線で外挿して求められる樹脂温度をゲル化開始温度として求めた。
【0036】
測定条件
ミキサー:Rheomix600型
ローター:シグマローター
ミキサー設定温度:190℃
サンプル量:80g
ローター回転数:60rpm
ペースト塩ビゾル2の調製
得られたペースト加工用塩化ビニル系樹脂100重量部に対し、ジ−2−エチルヘキシルフタレート60重量部、Ca/Zn安定剤2重量部を配合し、T.K.ホモディスパー(特殊機化工業製)を用い2000rpmで2分間混練し、プラスチゾル2を調整した。
【0037】
〜引張り抗張力の測定〜
ドクターブレードを用いてペースト塩ビゾル2をガラス板上に塗布し、160℃に保ったオーブン中で10分間加熱し、厚さ1mmのシートを得た。得られたシートをJISダンベル3号で打ち抜きサンプルを作製後、該サンプルを引張り測定機(島津製作所製、商品名オートグラフIS−2000)により、引張り速度200mm/min、温度23℃の条件下で測定することにより引張り抗張力の測定を行った。
【0038】
合成例1(重合開始剤含有シード粒子の製造)
1mオートクレーブ中に脱イオン水360kg、塩化ビニル単量体300kg、過酸化ラウロイル5.7gおよび15重量%ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム30kgを仕込み、この重合液をホモジナイザーを用いて3時間循環し均質化処理した後、反応系の温度を45℃に上げて重合反応を開始した。重合反応系の圧力が低下しだした後、重合反応を停止し未反応塩化ビニル単量体を回収した。
【0039】
得られた塩化ビニル重合体ラテックスは、固形分含有率35重量%、塩化ビニル重合体粒子は0.55μmの平均粒子径を有し、かつポリマーを基として2.0重量%の過酸化ラウロイルを含有する重合開始剤含有シード粒子ラテックスが得られた。
【0040】
実施例1
1mオートクレーブ中に脱イオン水300kg、ラウリルアルコール/ミリスチルアルコール混合物6kgを投入した後、酸素を除いて、塩化ビニル単量体400kg、15重量%ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム塩10kg、硫酸銅0.002kgを加え、30分間ホモジナイザーを用いて循環し均質化後、合成例1により得られた重合開始剤含有シードラテックス54kgを加え、この反応用混合物の温度を48℃に上げると共に、重合反応中に0.1重量%アスコルビン酸水溶液16kgを連続的に添加した。さらに重合開始から終了までの間、全量で塩化ビニル単量体100重量部に対して0.6重量部の15重量%ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム塩水溶液を連続的に添加した。重合圧力が48℃における塩化ビニル単量体飽和蒸気圧から1kg/cm降下した時点で重合反応を停止し、未反応塩化ビニル単量体を回収した。
【0041】
得られた塩化ビニル重合体ラテックスを卓上型遠心分離機(日立製作所製、商品名CENTRIFUGE O5P−21)にかけ、2000Gの加速度で30分間処理し、上澄み液を除去した。その後、除去した上澄み液と同濃度のラウリル硫酸ナトリウム塩水溶液を同量添加し、沈降した塩化ビニル系重合体粒子を再分散させ、ペースト用塩化ビニル重合体ラテックスを得た。得られたペースト用塩化ビニル重合体ラテックス中の塩化ビニル重合体の平均重合度は1600であり、塩化ビニル重合体粒子の平均粒子径は1.42μmであり、全塩化ビニル重合体粒子に占める粒子径0.5μm以下の塩化ビニル重合体粒子割合は3.5重量%であった。
【0042】
得られたペースト用塩化ビニル重合体ラテックスを回転円盤式噴霧乾燥機(大川原加工機製、商品名スプレードライヤーL−8型)に供給し、乾燥機入口温度158℃、乾燥機出口温度55℃、円盤回転数24000rpmで噴霧乾燥した後、粉砕機(Retsch社製、商品名URTRA CENTRIFUGAL MILL;回転数10000rpm、分級1mm)にて粉砕することによりペースト加工用塩化ビニル樹脂を得た。
【0043】
得られたペースト加工用塩化ビニル樹脂をペースト塩ビゾルとし、ゾル粘度、チキソ性、ゲル化開始温度、引張り抗張力の評価・測定を行なった。その結果を表1に示す。
【0044】
実施例2
得られた塩化ビニル重合体ラテックスを遠心分離する際の加速度2000G、処理時間30分間の代わりに、加速度4500G、処理時間40分間で遠心分離を行った以外は、実施例1と同様の方法によりペースト用塩化ビニル重合体ラテックス及び該ペースト用塩化ビニル重合体ラテックスを噴霧乾燥することによりペースト加工用塩化ビニル樹脂を得た。
【0045】
得られたペースト用塩化ビニル重合体ラテックス中の塩化ビニル重合体の平均重合度は1600であり、塩化ビニル重合体粒子の平均粒子径は1.51μmであり、全塩化ビニル重合体粒子に占める粒子径0.5μm以下の塩化ビニル重合体粒子割合は7.2重量%であった。また、得られたペースト加工用塩化ビニル樹脂をペースト塩ビゾルとし、ゾル粘度、チキソ性、ゲル化開始温度、引張り抗張力の評価・測定を行なった。その結果を表1に示す。
【0046】
実施例3
重合反応温度48℃の代わりに、重合反応温度を45℃とした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法によりペースト用塩化ビニル重合体ラテックス及び該ペースト用塩化ビニル重合体ラテックスを噴霧乾燥することによりペースト加工用塩化ビニル樹脂を得た。
【0047】
得られたペースト用塩化ビニル重合体ラテックス中の塩化ビニル重合体の平均重合度は1800であり、塩化ビニル重合体粒子の平均粒子径は1.40μmであり、全塩化ビニル重合体粒子に占める粒子径0.5μm以下の塩化ビニル重合体粒子割合は3.6重量%であった。また、得られたペースト加工用塩化ビニル樹脂をペースト塩ビゾルとし、ゾル粘度、チキソ性、ゲル化開始温度、引張り抗張力の評価・測定を行なった。その結果を表1に示す。
【0048】
実施例4
合成例1により得られた重合開始剤含有シードラテックス54kgの代わりに、重合開始剤含有シードラテックス63kgとした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法によりペースト用塩化ビニル重合体ラテックス及び該ペースト用塩化ビニル重合体ラテックスを噴霧乾燥することによりペースト加工用塩化ビニル樹脂を得た。
【0049】
得られたペースト用塩化ビニル重合体ラテックス中の塩化ビニル重合体の平均重合度は1600であり、塩化ビニル重合体粒子の平均粒子径は1.18μmであり、全塩化ビニル重合体粒子に占める粒子径0.5μm以下の塩化ビニル重合体粒子割合は6.5重量%であった。また、得られたペースト加工用塩化ビニル樹脂をペースト塩ビゾルとし、ゾル粘度、チキソ性、ゲル化開始温度、引張り抗張力の評価・測定を行なった。その結果を表1に示す。
【0050】
比較例1
塩化ビニル重合体ラテックスの遠心分離を行わなかった以外は、実施例1と同様の方法によりペースト用塩化ビニル重合体ラテックス及び該ペースト用塩化ビニル重合体ラテックスを噴霧乾燥することによりペースト加工用塩化ビニル樹脂を得た。
【0051】
得られたペースト用塩化ビニル重合体ラテックス中の塩化ビニル重合体の平均重合度は1600であり、塩化ビニル重合体粒子の平均粒子径は1.37μmであり、全塩化ビニル重合体粒子に占める粒子径0.5μm以下の塩化ビニル重合体粒子割合は12.5重量%であった。また、得られたペースト加工用塩化ビニル樹脂をペースト塩ビゾルとし、ゾル粘度、チキソ性、ゲル化開始温度、引張り抗張力の評価・測定を行なった。その結果を表1に示す。
【0052】
得られたペースト加工用塩化ビニル樹脂は、ペースト塩ビゾルとした際のチキソ性が劣り、ゲル化溶融開始温度が高いものであった。
【0053】
比較例2
得られた塩化ビニル重合体ラテックスを遠心分離する際の加速度2000G、処理時間30分間の代わりに、加速度4500G、処理時間80分間で遠心分離を行った以外は、実施例1と同様の方法によりペースト用塩化ビニル重合体ラテックス及び該ペースト用塩化ビニル重合体ラテックスを噴霧乾燥することによりペースト加工用塩化ビニル樹脂を得た。
【0054】
得られたペースト用塩化ビニル重合体ラテックス中の塩化ビニル重合体の平均重合度は1600であり、塩化ビニル重合体粒子の平均粒子径は1.39μmであり、全塩化ビニル重合体粒子に占める粒子径0.5μm以下の塩化ビニル重合体粒子割合は10.3重量%であった。また、得られたペースト加工用塩化ビニル樹脂をペースト塩ビゾルとし、ゾル粘度、チキソ性、ゲル化開始温度、引張り抗張力の評価・測定を行なった。その結果を表1に示す。
【0055】
得られたペースト加工用塩化ビニル樹脂は、ペースト塩ビゾルとした際のチキソ性が劣り、ゲル化溶融開始温度が高いものであった。
【0056】
比較例3
重合反応温度48℃の代わりに、重合反応温度を53℃とした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法によりペースト用塩化ビニル重合体ラテックス及び該ペースト用塩化ビニル重合体ラテックスを噴霧乾燥することによりペースト加工用塩化ビニル樹脂を得た。
【0057】
得られたペースト用塩化ビニル重合体ラテックス中の塩化ビニル重合体の平均重合度は1200であり、塩化ビニル重合体粒子の平均粒子径は1.44μmであり、全塩化ビニル重合体粒子に占める粒子径0.5μm以下の塩化ビニル重合体粒子割合は3.1重量%であった。また、得られたペースト加工用塩化ビニル樹脂をペースト塩ビゾルとし、ゾル粘度、チキソ性、ゲル化開始温度、引張り抗張力の評価・測定を行なった。その結果を表1に示す。
【0058】
得られたペースト加工用塩化ビニル樹脂は、ペースト塩ビゾルとして成形品とした際の引張り抗張力が劣るものであった。
【0059】
比較例4
合成例1により得られた重合開始剤含有シードラテックスを実施例1と同様の噴霧乾燥方法により、噴霧乾燥しペースト加工用塩化ビニル樹脂を得た。
【0060】
合成例1により得られた重合開始剤含有シードラテックス中の塩化ビニル重合体の平均重合度は1850であり、塩化ビニル重合体粒子の平均粒子径は0.55μmであり、全塩化ビニル重合体粒子に占める粒子径0.5μm以下の塩化ビニル重合体粒子割合は41.2重量%であった。また、得られたペースト加工用塩化ビニル樹脂をペースト塩ビゾルとし、ゾル粘度、チキソ性、ゲル化開始温度、引張り抗張力の評価・測定を行なった。その結果を表1に示す。
【0061】
得られたペースト加工用塩化ビニル樹脂は、ペースト塩ビゾルとした際のゾル粘度が極めて高いものであった。
【0062】
【表1】

Figure 2004224838
【発明の効果】
本発明のペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスから得られるペースト加工用塩化ビニル系樹脂は、ペースト塩ビゾルとした際のゲル化開始温度が低く、ペースト塩ビゾルのチキソ性(耐ゾル垂れ性)が高く、加熱、攪拌条件下におけるチキソ性およびペースト塩ビゾル粘度の変化率が少なく、また、成形加工品の強度特性に優れたものとなり、その工業的価値は極めて高いものである[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a thixotropy (a sol dripping resistance of paste salt visol) when a gelation start temperature is low and a paste salt visol is used. ), The sol has a small change with time in the viscosity of the sol, the thixotropy under heating and stirring conditions and the rate of change in the viscosity of the paste salt visol are small, and the paste has excellent strength properties when molded. The present invention relates to a vinyl chloride-based polymer latex for a paste which becomes a vinyl chloride-based resin for processing and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A vinyl chloride resin for paste processing (hereinafter abbreviated as paste PVC) is usually kneaded with a compounding agent such as a plasticizer, a diluent, a stabilizer, etc., and is provided for processing as a paste PVC sol, dipping and coating. And slush molding. Among the dipping processes, in cold dipping, in which a mold that is not heated to a particularly high temperature is immersed in paste salt visol such as in glove manufacture, after the mold is pulled up from the paste salt visol, the paste salt is heated in the process until gelation. It is required that the visol does not drip. Further, it is desired that the gelation start temperature is lower.
[0003]
Usually, a paste PVC sol used for cold dipping is prepared by adding a plasticizer, a diluent, a stabilizer, a pigment, a thixotropic agent, and the like to the paste PVC. As the thixotropic agent, metal soaps such as stearic acid soap, ultrafine calcium carbonates, calcium silicates, silica, aerosil, bentonite treated with an organic amine, and the like are known (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
[0004]
On the other hand, paste PVC is polymerized by a method such as an emulsion polymerization method, a seed emulsion polymerization method, a microsuspension polymerization method, and a seed microsuspension polymerization method (for example, see Patent Document 1).
[0005]
[Non-patent document 1]
Edited by the Kinki Chemical Industry Association Vinyl Subcommittee, "Polyvinyl Chloride-Its Chemistry and Industry-II", published by Asakura Shoten, July 25, 1966, p. 324
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-31674
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
According to the polymerization method proposed in Patent Document 1, the unit particle size of the vinyl chloride polymer latex after polymerization is excellent in reproducibility and the particle size can be easily controlled. However, when a vinyl chloride-based polymer latex produced by such a polymerization method is used as it is to produce paste vinyl chloride and used for cold dipping, the thixotropic property is maintained even when a thixotropic agent is added in the formulation. There was a problem of being extremely inferior.
[0007]
Therefore, the present invention has a high thixotropy even when subjected to cold dipping as a paste salt visol, has a low gelation start temperature, has little change with time in viscosity of the sol, and has a thixotropic property under heating and stirring conditions. And to provide a vinyl chloride-based polymer latex for pastes which becomes a vinyl chloride-based resin for paste processing having excellent strength properties when the rate of change of the viscosity of the paste salt visol is small, and a method for producing the same. It is the purpose.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies on the above problems, and as a result of a specific average degree of polymerization, an average particle diameter, a vinyl chloride-based polymer latex for paste processing composed of vinyl chloride-based polymer particles having a specific particle diameter ratio. The inventors have found that the above problems can be solved, and have completed the present invention.
[0009]
That is, the present invention relates to a vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste, wherein the vinyl chloride polymer particles in the latex satisfy the following characteristics (1) to (3).
(1) Average degree of polymerization of vinyl chloride polymer 1400-2000
(2) The average particle size is 0.8 to 2 μm
(3) The ratio of the vinyl chloride polymer particles having a particle diameter of 0.5 μm or less to the total vinyl chloride polymer particles is 8% by weight or less.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0010]
The vinyl chloride resin for paste processing obtained from the vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste of the present invention, the paste salt visol comprising the vinyl chloride resin for paste processing has a high thixotropy, a low gelation starting temperature, Is less suitable for cold dipping applications because of its little change with time.
[0011]
The vinyl chloride-based polymer particles in the vinyl chloride-based polymer latex for a paste of the present invention have (1) an average degree of polymerization of the vinyl chloride-based polymer of 1400 to 2000, (2) an average particle diameter of 0.8 to 2 μm, (3) It satisfies each characteristic that the ratio of vinyl chloride polymer particles having a particle diameter of 0.5 μm or less to all vinyl chloride polymer particles is 8% by weight or less, and these (1) to (3) If at least one of the above characteristics is not satisfied, it is difficult to achieve the object of the present invention.
[0012]
Here, the average degree of polymerization of the vinyl chloride polymer particles in the vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste processing is 1400 to 2000. When the average degree of polymerization is less than 1400, there are problems such as insufficient strength when the obtained vinyl chloride resin for paste processing is formed into a molded product. On the other hand, when the average degree of polymerization exceeds 2,000, the melt viscosity at the time of molding and processing the obtained vinyl chloride resin for paste processing becomes too high, and it becomes difficult to obtain a uniform molded article.
[0013]
The average particle size of the vinyl chloride-based polymer particles in the vinyl chloride-based polymer latex for paste is 0.8 to 2 μm, especially when the obtained vinyl chloride-based resin for processing paste is used as a paste salt visol. The thickness is more preferably from 1.0 to 1.5 μm because both the flow characteristics and the gelling and melting properties during heating are satisfied. When the average particle size is less than 0.8 μm, the gelation and melting rate when the obtained paste processing vinyl chloride-based resin is used as a paste salt visol increases, but the viscosity of the paste salt visol and the change with time of the viscosity are large. The handleability deteriorates. On the other hand, when the average particle diameter is larger than 2 μm, the gelling and melting rate when the obtained vinyl chloride resin for paste processing is used as a paste salt visol becomes extremely slow, resulting in poor processability.
[0014]
The vinyl chloride-based polymer particles in the vinyl chloride-based polymer latex for paste are those in which the ratio of the vinyl chloride-based polymer particles having a particle diameter of 0.5 μm or less to the vinyl chloride-based polymer particles is 8% by weight or less. . Here, when the ratio of the vinyl chloride polymer particles having a particle diameter of 0.5 μm or less exceeds 8% by weight, the thixotropic property of the obtained paste processing vinyl chloride resin as a paste salt visol becomes low. In addition, problems such as poor thixotropy under stirring conditions and a large change in the viscosity of the paste salt visol with time occur.
[0015]
As a method for producing the vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste of the present invention, any method can be used as long as the vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste of the present invention can be obtained. A production method as an example will be specifically described, but the production method of the vinyl chloride polymer latex for a paste of the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0016]
The vinyl chloride polymer latex for a paste of the present invention can be produced, for example, by the following method.
[0017]
In the presence of a polymerization initiator and a surfactant, a vinyl chloride monomer is polymerized in an aqueous medium by a polymerization method such as microsuspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, seed microsuspension polymerization, or seed emulsion polymerization. And a method for producing a vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste, and the seed polymerization method is obtained by a polymer particle containing a polymerization initiator obtained by a microsuspension polymerization method or by an emulsion polymerization method. In this method, polymer particles containing no polymerization initiator are used as seed particles, and a vinyl chloride monomer is polymerized in an aqueous medium in the presence of a surfactant, a buffer and the like. Here, as the method for producing the vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste of the present invention, the gelation start temperature is low when the obtained paste processing vinyl chloride resin is used as a paste sol, The use of a seed microsuspension polymerization method is particularly preferred because it is easy to obtain a vinyl chloride-based polymer latex for pastes that becomes a vinyl chloride-based resin for paste processing with excellent strength properties when it is used as a molded product. preferable.
[0018]
Here, the polymerization reaction temperature for producing the vinyl chloride polymer latex for the paste of the present invention may be any temperature as long as the vinyl chloride polymer latex for the paste of the present invention is obtained. It is preferable to carry out the polymerization in a polymerization reaction temperature range of 42 to 51 ° C., since vinyl chloride polymer particles having a degree of 1400 to 2000 can be efficiently obtained.
[0019]
As a method for efficiently adjusting the vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste in which the ratio of the vinyl chloride polymer particles having a particle diameter of 0.5 μm or less to the vinyl chloride polymer particles is 8 wt% or less, a polymerization reaction is used. The obtained vinyl chloride polymer latex is subjected to centrifugal separation or filtration typified by ultrafiltration, microfiltration, etc., and the ratio of vinyl chloride polymer particles having a particle diameter of 0.5 μm or less to the vinyl chloride polymer particles. Of the vinyl chloride-based polymer particles is separated so as to be 8% by weight or less, and the remaining vinyl chloride-based polymer particles have a solid content concentration and a surfactant concentration of the vinyl chloride-based polymer latex before separation. Preferably, an aqueous solution of a surfactant and water are added so that the vinyl chloride polymer particles are sufficiently dispersed.
[0020]
The vinyl chloride monomer is a vinyl chloride monomer alone or a mixture of a vinyl chloride monomer as a main component and a monomer copolymerizable therewith, and the amount of the vinyl chloride monomer in the mixture is It is preferably at least 80% by weight, more preferably at least 90% by weight. Here, monomers that can be copolymerized with the vinyl chloride monomer include, for example, olefinic compounds such as ethylene and propylene; vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate; and non-polymers such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. Saturated monocarboxylic acid; unsaturated such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, and N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate Monocarboxylic acid esters; unsaturated amides such as acrylamide and methacrylamide; unsaturated nitriles such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile; unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid and fumaric acid; esters thereof; anhydrides thereof; N-substituted maleimides; vinyl methyl ether , Vinyl ethers such as vinyl ethyl ether; and the like vinylidene compounds such as further vinylidene chloride.
[0021]
Examples of the polymerization initiator include water-soluble polymerization initiators such as potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, and hydrogen peroxide; aromatic diacyl peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide and p-chlorobenzoyl peroxide, caproyl peroxide, and lyloyl. Aliphatic peroxides such as peroxide, azo compounds such as azobisisobutyronitrile and azobisisovaleronitrile, peroxy diesters of organic acids such as t-butyl peroxypivalate, diisopropyl peroxy dicarbonate, dioctyl par Peroxydicarbonates such as oxydicarbonate, oil-soluble polymerization initiators such as acetylcyclohexylsulfonyl peroxide, and the like.In order to further increase the polymerization rate, iron, metal salts such as copper and ascorbic acid, etc. Reducing substance It can be activated with Ranaru redox substances.
[0022]
Examples of the surfactant include an anionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant. Examples of the anionic surfactant include an alkylbenzene sulfonate such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; sodium lauryl sulfate. And alkyl sulfates such as sodium tetradecyl sulfate; sulfosuccinates such as sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate and sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate; fatty acid salts such as sodium laurate and potassium potassium semi-hardened tallow fatty acid; sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate Ethoxy sulfate salts such as polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether sulfate sodium salt; alkane sulfonates; alkyl ether phosphate sodium salts. Can. Examples of the nonionic surfactant include, for example, polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene sorbitan lauryl ester, and the like. It is preferred to use an ester salt or a mixture of an alkylbenzene sulfonate and an alkyl sulfate. In addition, as an auxiliary of a surfactant, for example, a linear or branched higher such as octyl alcohol, nonyl alcohol, decyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, palmityl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and 2-ethylhexyl alcohol. Alcohols may be used and these may be used alone or in combination.
[0023]
Examples of the buffer include alkali metal di- or dihydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phthalate, sodium hydrogen carbonate and the like.
[0024]
The seed particles containing a polymerization initiator and the like used when performing the seed microsuspension polymerization method can be adjusted by, for example, the following microsuspension polymerization method. First, a vinyl chloride monomer, a polymerization initiator soluble in the vinyl chloride monomer, a surfactant, a buffer and a dispersion of higher alcohols, higher fatty acids, higher fatty acid esters, and chlorinated paraffins in an aqueous medium. An auxiliary agent and, if necessary, a polymerization degree adjusting agent are added, and the mixture is premixed, and the mixture is homogenized with a homogenizer or the like to adjust oil droplets. As the homogenizer at this time, for example, a colloid mill, a vibration stirrer, a two-stage high-pressure pump, or the like can be used. After the homogenization treatment, the aqueous dispersion is sent to the polymerization vessel, and the temperature inside the polymerization vessel is increased with gentle stirring to start the polymerization reaction, and thereafter the polymerization is carried out until the predetermined conversion is reached. Seed particles containing an initiator and the like can be produced. The polymerization temperature is preferably from 30 to 55 ° C. Examples of the polymerization initiator soluble in the vinyl chloride monomer include, for example, isobutyryl peroxide, 3,3,5-trimethylhexanoyl peroxide, octanoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, stearoyl peroxide, and succinyl peroxide. A diacyl peroxide having a 10-hour half-life temperature of 30 to 70 ° C., such as an acid peroxide, is preferable. As the surfactant, the above-mentioned surfactants can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Moreover, the above-mentioned thing can be used for the polymerization degree regulator used as needed.
[0025]
The vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste of the present invention can be used as a vinyl chloride resin for paste processing by recovering a vinyl chloride polymer from the latex. It is preferable to use a spray drying method because the production efficiency of the system resin is excellent.
[0026]
The dryer used for the spray drying at that time may be any commonly used dryer, for example, “SPRAY DAYING HANDBOOK” (K. Masters, 3rd edition, 1979, published by George Godwin Limited). ), Page 121, FIG. 4.10, and various spray dryers. As drying conditions at that time, the drying temperature is generally 80 to 200 ° C at the inlet of the dryer, and 40 to 70 ° C, preferably 45 to 65 ° C at the outlet. Further, the vinyl chloride resin for paste processing obtained by spray drying is an aggregate of vinyl chloride polymer particles constituting the vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste of the present invention, and usually has a granular form of 10 to 150 μm. It is. When the drying outlet temperature exceeds 52 ° C., it is preferable that the obtained granular paste PVC is pulverized from the viewpoint of dispersibility in a plasticizer. However, either of them may be crushed and used.
[0027]
The vinyl chloride resin for paste processing obtained by spray-drying the vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste of the present invention has high thixotropy even when subjected to cold dipping as a paste salt visol, and starts gelation. Low temperature, little change in viscosity of the sol with time, and low rate of change in thixotropic properties and viscosity of paste salt visol under heating and stirring conditions. It becomes vinyl chloride resin.
[0028]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. The measurement method and evaluation method used in the examples are shown below.
[0029]
-Measurement of the average particle diameter of the vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste and the ratio of the vinyl chloride polymer particles having a particle diameter of 0.5 [mu] m or less in all the vinyl chloride polymer particles-
Particle diameter of vinyl chloride polymer in paste vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste obtained with laser diffraction / scattering type particle size distribution analyzer (trade name: LA-700, manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd.) at a refractive index of 1.3 The distribution was measured, and the average particle diameter was measured from the result. Further, the ratio of the vinyl chloride polymer particles having a particle diameter of 0.5 μm or less was read from the obtained measurement value, and the measured value of the ratio of the vinyl chloride polymer particles having a particle diameter of 0.5 μm or less in the total vinyl chloride polymer particles was measured. And
[0030]
This operation was repeated twice, and the average value obtained was used as the measurement result.
[0031]
~ Measurement of average degree of polymerization of vinyl chloride polymer ~
The average degree of polymerization was calculated by a solution viscosity measurement method using an Ubbelohde viscometer of JIS-K6721.
[0032]
-Measurement of sol viscosity of paste salt visol-
The paste salt visol 1 obtained under the following conditions was prepared in a stainless steel beaker, immersed in a constant temperature water bath maintained at 40 ° C., and continuously stirred at 300 rpm with a screw-type stirring blade. After immersion in a thermostatic water bath for 1, 3, and 24 hours, the paste PVC sol 1 was subjected to a B8H type viscometer (manufactured by Tokyo Keiki Co., Ltd., using rotor No. 3) at a rotor rotation speed of 5, 10 rpm. The viscosity was measured.
[0033]
Preparation of paste salt visol 1
90 parts by weight of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, 3 parts by weight of Ba / Zn stabilizer, titanium oxide (manufactured by Sakai Chemical Co., trade name: titanium toner R-650) based on 100 parts by weight of the obtained vinyl chloride resin for paste processing. 2 parts by weight and 0.5 parts by weight of fine-particle anhydrous silica (trade name: Aerosil # 200, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) K. Using a homodisper (manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.), the mixture was kneaded at 2000 rpm for 2 minutes to prepare paste salt visol 1.
[0034]
-Evaluation of thixo value and thixo stability-
The thixo value and thixo stability were calculated from the sol viscosity of the paste salt visol 1 by the following formula, and the evaluation was performed.
[0035]
Thixo value = Y7.5/ V7.5
V7.5  (Corrected viscosity) = 2 × V ′10-V '5
Y7.5(Yield value) = (V '5-V '10) × 0.1
V '5= Sol viscosity at 5 rpm, V '10= Sol viscosity at 10 rpm
~ Measurement of gelation start temperature of paste salt visol ~
The paste salt visol 2 obtained under the following conditions was kneaded using a torque rheometer (manufactured by Haake Buckler, trade name Rheocord System 40) under the following conditions, and the kneading torque vs. the rising portion of the resin temperature curve was linearized to torque 0. The resin temperature determined by extrapolation in (1) was determined as the gelation start temperature.
[0036]
Measurement condition
Mixer: Rheomix600 type
Rotor: Sigma rotor
Mixer set temperature: 190 ° C
Sample size: 80g
Rotor rotation speed: 60 rpm
Preparation of paste salt visol 2
To 100 parts by weight of the obtained vinyl chloride resin for paste processing, 60 parts by weight of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and 2 parts by weight of a Ca / Zn stabilizer were blended. K. Using a homodisper (manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo), the mixture was kneaded at 2000 rpm for 2 minutes to prepare plastisol 2.
[0037]
~ Measurement of tensile strength ~
Using a doctor blade, paste PVC 2 was applied on a glass plate and heated in an oven maintained at 160 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a sheet having a thickness of 1 mm. After punching out the obtained sheet with a JIS dumbbell No. 3, a sample is prepared, and the sample is subjected to a tensile measurement machine (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, trade name: Autograph IS-2000) under the conditions of a pulling speed of 200 mm / min and a temperature of 23 ° C. By measuring, the tensile strength was measured.
[0038]
Synthesis Example 1 (Production of polymerization initiator-containing seed particles)
1m3In an autoclave, 360 kg of deionized water, 300 kg of vinyl chloride monomer, 5.7 g of lauroyl peroxide and 30 kg of 15% by weight sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate were charged, and the polymerization solution was circulated for 3 hours using a homogenizer and homogenized. Thereafter, the temperature of the reaction system was raised to 45 ° C. to start the polymerization reaction. After the pressure of the polymerization reaction system began to drop, the polymerization reaction was stopped and unreacted vinyl chloride monomer was recovered.
[0039]
The resulting vinyl chloride polymer latex has a solid content of 35% by weight, the vinyl chloride polymer particles have an average particle size of 0.55 μm, and contain 2.0% by weight of lauroyl peroxide based on the polymer. Thus, a seed particle latex containing a polymerization initiator was obtained.
[0040]
Example 1
1m3After 300 kg of deionized water and 6 kg of lauryl alcohol / myristyl alcohol mixture were put into the autoclave, 400 kg of vinyl chloride monomer, 10 kg of 15% by weight lauryl sulfate sodium salt, and 0.002 kg of copper sulfate were added except for oxygen. After circulating using a homogenizer for 1 minute and homogenizing, 54 kg of a polymerization initiator-containing seed latex obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was added, and the temperature of the reaction mixture was increased to 48 ° C., and 0.1% by weight was added during the polymerization reaction. 16 kg of ascorbic acid aqueous solution was continuously added. Further, from the start to the end of the polymerization, 0.6 parts by weight of a 15% by weight aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulfate was continuously added to 100 parts by weight of the vinyl chloride monomer in total. The polymerization pressure is 1 kg / cm from the vinyl chloride monomer saturated vapor pressure at 48 ° C.2At the time of drop, the polymerization reaction was stopped, and unreacted vinyl chloride monomer was recovered.
[0041]
The obtained vinyl chloride polymer latex was applied to a table-top centrifuge (CENTRIFUGE O5P-21, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) and treated at an acceleration of 2000 G for 30 minutes to remove a supernatant. Thereafter, the same amount of an aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulfate having the same concentration as the removed supernatant was added, and the precipitated vinyl chloride polymer particles were redispersed to obtain a vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste. The average degree of polymerization of the vinyl chloride polymer in the obtained vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste was 1600, the average particle diameter of the vinyl chloride polymer particles was 1.42 μm, and the particles occupied in all the vinyl chloride polymer particles. The ratio of vinyl chloride polymer particles having a diameter of 0.5 μm or less was 3.5% by weight.
[0042]
The obtained vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste is supplied to a rotating disk type spray dryer (trade name: Spray dryer L-8, manufactured by Okawara Koki), and the dryer inlet temperature is 158 ° C, the dryer outlet temperature is 55 ° C, and the disk is After spray-drying at a rotation speed of 24000 rpm, the mixture was pulverized with a pulverizer (trade name: URTRA CENTRIFUGAL MILL, manufactured by Retsch; rotation speed 10,000 rpm, classification 1 mm) to obtain a polyvinyl chloride resin for paste processing.
[0043]
The obtained vinyl chloride resin for processing a paste was used as a paste salt visol, and the sol viscosity, thixotropy, gelation start temperature, and tensile strength were evaluated and measured. Table 1 shows the results.
[0044]
Example 2
The paste was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the obtained vinyl chloride polymer latex was centrifuged at an acceleration of 4500 G for a processing time of 40 minutes instead of the acceleration of 2,000 G for a centrifuging time of 30 minutes. The vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste and the vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste were spray-dried to obtain a vinyl chloride resin for paste processing.
[0045]
The average degree of polymerization of the vinyl chloride polymer in the obtained vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste was 1600, the average particle size of the vinyl chloride polymer particles was 1.51 μm, and the particles occupied in all the vinyl chloride polymer particles. The ratio of vinyl chloride polymer particles having a diameter of 0.5 μm or less was 7.2% by weight. The obtained vinyl chloride resin for processing a paste was used as a paste salt visol, and the sol viscosity, thixotropy, gelation start temperature, and tensile strength were evaluated and measured. Table 1 shows the results.
[0046]
Example 3
By spray-drying the vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste and the vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymerization reaction temperature was changed to 45 ° C. instead of the polymerization reaction temperature of 48 ° C. A vinyl chloride resin for paste processing was obtained.
[0047]
The average degree of polymerization of the vinyl chloride polymer in the obtained vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste was 1800, the average particle diameter of the vinyl chloride polymer particles was 1.40 μm, and the particles occupied in all the vinyl chloride polymer particles. The ratio of vinyl chloride polymer particles having a diameter of 0.5 μm or less was 3.6% by weight. The obtained vinyl chloride resin for processing a paste was used as a paste salt visol, and the sol viscosity, thixotropy, gelation start temperature, and tensile strength were evaluated and measured. Table 1 shows the results.
[0048]
Example 4
A vinyl chloride polymer latex for a paste and a chloride for the paste were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 63 kg of a polymerization initiator-containing seed latex was used instead of the polymerization initiator-containing seed latex obtained in Synthesis Example 1. A vinyl chloride resin for paste processing was obtained by spray drying the vinyl polymer latex.
[0049]
The average degree of polymerization of the vinyl chloride polymer in the obtained vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste was 1600, the average particle size of the vinyl chloride polymer particles was 1.18 μm, and the particles occupied in all the vinyl chloride polymer particles. The ratio of vinyl chloride polymer particles having a diameter of 0.5 μm or less was 6.5% by weight. The obtained vinyl chloride resin for processing a paste was used as a paste salt visol, and the sol viscosity, thixotropy, gelation start temperature, and tensile strength were evaluated and measured. Table 1 shows the results.
[0050]
Comparative Example 1
A vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste and a vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste were spray-dried by the same method as in Example 1 except that centrifugation of the vinyl chloride polymer latex was not performed. A resin was obtained.
[0051]
The average degree of polymerization of the vinyl chloride polymer in the obtained vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste was 1600, the average particle diameter of the vinyl chloride polymer particles was 1.37 μm, and the particles occupied in all the vinyl chloride polymer particles. The ratio of vinyl chloride polymer particles having a diameter of 0.5 μm or less was 12.5% by weight. The obtained vinyl chloride resin for processing a paste was used as a paste salt visol, and the sol viscosity, thixotropy, gelation start temperature, and tensile strength were evaluated and measured. Table 1 shows the results.
[0052]
The obtained vinyl chloride resin for processing a paste had poor thixotropy when formed into a paste salt visol, and had a high gelation melting start temperature.
[0053]
Comparative Example 2
A paste was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the obtained vinyl chloride polymer latex was centrifuged at an acceleration of 4500 G for a processing time of 80 minutes instead of the acceleration of 2,000 G for a centrifuging time of 30 minutes. The vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste and the vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste were spray-dried to obtain a vinyl chloride resin for paste processing.
[0054]
The average degree of polymerization of the vinyl chloride polymer in the obtained vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste was 1600, the average particle size of the vinyl chloride polymer particles was 1.39 μm, and the particles occupied in all the vinyl chloride polymer particles. The ratio of vinyl chloride polymer particles having a diameter of 0.5 μm or less was 10.3% by weight. The obtained vinyl chloride resin for processing a paste was used as a paste salt visol, and the sol viscosity, thixotropy, gelation start temperature, and tensile strength were evaluated and measured. Table 1 shows the results.
[0055]
The obtained vinyl chloride resin for processing a paste had poor thixotropy when formed into a paste salt visol, and had a high gelation melting start temperature.
[0056]
Comparative Example 3
By spray-drying the vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste and the vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymerization reaction temperature was changed to 53 ° C. instead of the polymerization reaction temperature of 48 ° C. A vinyl chloride resin for paste processing was obtained.
[0057]
The average degree of polymerization of the vinyl chloride polymer in the obtained vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste was 1200, the average particle size of the vinyl chloride polymer particles was 1.44 μm, and the particles occupied in all the vinyl chloride polymer particles. The ratio of vinyl chloride polymer particles having a diameter of 0.5 μm or less was 3.1% by weight. The obtained vinyl chloride resin for processing a paste was used as a paste salt visol, and the sol viscosity, thixotropy, gelation start temperature, and tensile strength were evaluated and measured. Table 1 shows the results.
[0058]
The obtained vinyl chloride resin for processing a paste had poor tensile strength when formed into a molded product as a paste salt visol.
[0059]
Comparative Example 4
The polymerization initiator-containing seed latex obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was spray-dried by the same spray-drying method as in Example 1 to obtain a vinyl chloride resin for paste processing.
[0060]
The average polymerization degree of the vinyl chloride polymer in the polymerization initiator-containing seed latex obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was 1850, the average particle size of the vinyl chloride polymer particles was 0.55 μm, and all the vinyl chloride polymer particles were used. The ratio of vinyl chloride polymer particles having a particle diameter of 0.5 μm or less to the total was 41.2 wt%. The obtained vinyl chloride resin for processing a paste was used as a paste salt visol, and the sol viscosity, thixotropy, gelation start temperature, and tensile strength were evaluated and measured. Table 1 shows the results.
[0061]
The obtained vinyl chloride resin for processing a paste had an extremely high sol viscosity when used as a paste salt visol.
[0062]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004224838
【The invention's effect】
The vinyl chloride resin for paste processing obtained from the vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste of the present invention has a low gelation start temperature when used as a paste salt visol, and the thixotropy (sol dripping resistance) of the paste salt visol is low. High, the thixotropic properties under heating and stirring conditions and the rate of change of the viscosity of the paste salt visol are small, and the strength characteristics of molded products are excellent, and their industrial value is extremely high

Claims (3)

ラテックス中の塩化ビニル系重合体粒子が下記(1)〜(3)の特性を満足することを特徴とするペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックス。
(1)塩化ビニル系重合体の平均重合度1400〜2000
(2)平均粒子径が0.8〜2μm
(3)全塩化ビニル系重合体粒子に占める粒子径0.5μm以下の塩化ビニル系重合体粒子割合が8重量%以下
A vinyl chloride polymer latex for a paste, wherein the vinyl chloride polymer particles in the latex satisfy the following properties (1) to (3).
(1) Average degree of polymerization of vinyl chloride polymer 1400-2000
(2) The average particle size is 0.8 to 2 μm
(3) The ratio of the vinyl chloride polymer particles having a particle diameter of 0.5 μm or less to the total vinyl chloride polymer particles is 8% by weight or less.
重合開始剤、界面活性剤の存在下水性媒体中において、42℃〜51℃の温度で塩化ビニル系単量体の重合を行い得られる塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスの遠心分離又は濾過を行った後に、界面活性剤水溶液と水を添加し遠心分離又は濾過を行う前と同一のラテックス固形分濃度および界面活性剤濃度に調製し、その後塩化ビニル系重合体粒子を十分に分散させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスの製造方法。Polymerization initiator, in an aqueous medium in the presence of a surfactant, after centrifugation or filtration of a vinyl chloride polymer latex obtained by polymerizing the vinyl chloride monomer at a temperature of 42 ° C to 51 ° C. , Adding a surfactant aqueous solution and water to prepare the same latex solid content concentration and surfactant concentration as before centrifugation or filtration, and thereafter sufficiently dispersing the vinyl chloride polymer particles. A method for producing the vinyl chloride polymer latex for a paste according to claim 1. 請求項1に記載のペースト用塩化ビニル系重合体ラテックスを噴霧乾燥することを特徴とするペースト加工用塩化ビニル系樹脂の製造方法。A method for producing a vinyl chloride resin for paste processing, comprising spray-drying the vinyl chloride polymer latex for paste according to claim 1.
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