JP2004223435A - Photocatalyst carried hollow fiber membrane and photocatalyst filter using the same - Google Patents

Photocatalyst carried hollow fiber membrane and photocatalyst filter using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004223435A
JP2004223435A JP2003015706A JP2003015706A JP2004223435A JP 2004223435 A JP2004223435 A JP 2004223435A JP 2003015706 A JP2003015706 A JP 2003015706A JP 2003015706 A JP2003015706 A JP 2003015706A JP 2004223435 A JP2004223435 A JP 2004223435A
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Prior art keywords
fluid
hollow fiber
photocatalyst
fiber membrane
hollow
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JP2003015706A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hiroyuki Yamagishi
裕幸 山岸
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Fujikura Ltd
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Fujikura Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a photocatalyst filter using a hollow fiber membrane. <P>SOLUTION: A treating fluid introducing pipe 4 introducing a treating fluid is fluid-tightly (airtightly and liquid tightly) communicated and connected, in a coaxial direction, to a side opening 51 opened through the peripheral wall part of a hollow fiber membrane case 5 housing the photocatalyst filter made of a transparent material in a hollow column shape. Then a treated fluid discharging pipe 6 discharging a treated fluid is communicated and connected to at least one end of an axial direction of the hollow fiber membrane case 5. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は光触媒担持中空糸膜およびこれを用いた光触媒フィルタ装置、さらに詳しく言えば、光触媒を担持した多数の微細孔を有する中空糸膜や、非多孔質高分子材料による中空糸膜を酸素、オゾンあるいは水の導入管として機能させることにより、従来難しかった反応に必要な物質、たとえば酸素の希薄な場所での光触媒反応の効率を促進させ得るようにした光触媒フィルタ装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来の技術文献に言及する前に、光触媒フィルタが効率よく機能するための必要かつ十分な構成上の条件を以下に説明する。中空糸膜を用いる光触媒フィルタ装置の場合は、一般の光触媒フィルタ装置の条件の他に、中空糸膜の中空部を処理流体や処理後流体の通路としていかにうまく利用するかということが要件となる。まず一般的な条件からはじめる。
【0003】
C1.(条件1の意味、以下同じ) 処理のために処理対象流体を捕捉し、所要の化学反応が完了するまで、フィルタ内にある程度の時間滞留させることと、この反応がおこる場所を広くするためにフィルタの容積に比して接触表面積が大きいことが必要である。中空糸膜の構造はそれ自体この接触表面積を大きくすることに役立っている。
【0004】
C2.しかしてこのすべての連通空隙部の表面に、たとえばTiOのような光触媒が高い密度で付着配設されていることが必要である。この条件C1,C2の二つは、処理すべき流体が、高密度に存在する光触媒にある程度の時間、直接に接触することを保証するものである。
【0005】
C3.しかして光触媒反応を効率的におこなわせるために、この光触媒には所要の波長の光、たとえば上記の例のTiO(二酸化チタン)であれば紫外線、あるいは可視光が継続的に十分に照射されることが必要である。
【0006】
C4.処理のための化学反応のためには酸素(O)の存在が必要である。酸素の代わりにこれを含む水分(HO)が存在してもよい。
【0007】
C5.中空糸膜を用いる光触媒フィルタ装置の場合は、この中空糸膜の中空管内部を、処理流体、あるいは処理後流体、あるいは酸素や水のような反応促進流体の導入路または排出路として巧妙に利用し、そして装置としては実際にそれらの反応促進流体を積極的に供給し、それにより光触媒反応を効率的に促進させる構造になっているか、ということも条件に加わる。
【0008】
以上の5つの条件を頭に置いて、まず特開2000−15065号「触媒担持中空糸膜」(特許文献1参照)を調べてみる。ここに開示されている中空糸膜使用のフィルタ装置においては、その図5および図6からよく分かるように、処理流体は単に中空糸膜の内部の中空部に沿って軸方向に流動して中空糸膜を半径方向に通過するものではないから、微細孔を利用することもなく、通過が速すぎて十分な接触滞留時間がとれないC2条件欠格の不都合がある。
【0009】
また特開平11−256472号「抗菌性繊維類及び抗菌性フィルタ材並びにそれらの製造方法」(特許文献2参照)は、天然または合成繊維の表面に水酸アパタイトの皮膜を形成し、その上に二酸化チタン(TiO)のような光触媒を担持させて抗菌性を持たせた構造であるが、この発明の実施例で示された効果なるものは、静的に放置されている培養液中のある種の細菌に対してこれを滅菌する効果だけであり、この溶液を流動状態において清浄化する、いわゆるフィルタ効果はなかった。つまりこの従来発明は、条件C5に関して欠格である。
【0010】
特開平9−85295号「水系の被処理液の処理方法」(特許文献3参照)には、特に図2および図3の関連説明には、光触媒を持つ中空糸膜エレメントの束を水中に浸漬してこれにより周囲に存在する水を浄化することが記載されているが、これでは単に中空糸膜の外部周囲における光触媒反応による処理後液を、中空糸膜の外部から内部に向かう透過の流れだけで取り出すことが示され、濾過処理効率は極めて低い。つまりこの発明は、条件C5に関して欠格である。
【0011】
また特開2002−28462号「オゾン処理装置」(特許文献4参照)は、非多孔質分子膜を中空糸膜状に形成してその内部にオゾンガスを透過させ、純水にオゾンを溶け込ませてオゾン水を作る方法を提案しており、効果的な中空糸膜利用フィルタを特に開示するものではない。
【0012】
【特許文献1】
特開2000−15065号公報(図5、図6の関連説明)
【特許文献2】
特開平11−256472号公報(特に実施例の説明)
【特許文献3】
特開平9−85295号公報(図2,図3の関連説明)
【特許文献4】
特開2002−28462号公報(全文)
【0013】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
この発明は、〔0002〕〜〔0007〕に述べた光触媒担持中空糸膜を用いた光触媒フィルタ装置としての必要かつ十分な条件C1,C2,C3,C4およびC5がすべて満たされる光触媒担持中空糸膜およびこれを用いた光触媒フィルタ装置を提供しようとするものである。
【0014】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明は上述の課題をすべて解決するためになされたものであって、請求項1の発明によるその解決手段は、適宜の高分子材料によって中空管状にに形成され、その外周部に内部にまで連通する多数の微細孔を有し、前記外周部および内周部のいずれか一方または双方の表面および前記微細孔の周壁面に、適宜の光触媒を高密度に付着させてなる光触媒担持中空糸膜である。
【0015】
また請求項2の発明によるその解決手段は、適宜の非多孔質高分子材料によって中空管状にに形成され、その外周部または内周部のいずれか一方または双方の表面に適宜の光触媒を高密度に付着させてなる光触媒担持非多孔質中空糸膜である。
【0016】
また請求項3の発明によるその解決手段は、前記光触媒担持中空糸膜または光触媒担持非多孔質中空糸膜の複数本を、その管軸線を平行に互いに密集するように束ねて成る光触媒フィルタである。
【0017】
また請求項4の発明によるその解決手段は、前記光触媒担持中空糸膜または光触媒担持非多孔質中空糸膜の複数本を、その管軸線を平行に互いに密集するように束ねられた内部に、光照射用の少なくとも1本の光ファイバを設けたことを特徴とする請求項3記載の光触媒フィルタである。
【0018】
また請求項5の発明によるその解決手段は、透明な無機質材料によって中空柱状に形成され、前記請求項3または請求項4記載の光触媒フィルタを同軸方向に収納する中空糸膜ケースの周壁部に開けられた側部開口に処理流体を導入すべき処理流体導入管が流体密(気密および液密)に連通連結され、また前記中空糸膜ケースの軸方向の少なくとも一端には処理後流体を排出させるための処理後流体排出管が連通連結されてなる光触媒フィルタ装置である。
【0019】
また請求項6の発明によるその解決手段は、透明な無機質材料によって中空柱状に形成され、前記請求項3または請求項4記載の光触媒フィルタを同軸方向に収納する中空糸膜ケースの軸方向の一端は閉じられ、他端は開口してここに前記処理流体導入管が流体密に連通連結され、前記中空糸膜ケースの周壁部には多数の小孔が穿設され、この小孔を流体密に覆うように透明な無機質材料によるジャケットが設けられ、このジャケットに連通するように前記処理後流体排出管が連結されてなる光触媒フィルタ装置である。
【0020】
また請求項7の発明によるその解決手段は、前記ジャケットの、前記処理後流体排出管の連結側と反対側に、純水、酸素またはオゾンのような反応促進流体を導入するための反応促進流体導入管を連通連結したことを特徴とする請求項6記載の光触媒フィルタ装置である。
【0021】
また請求項8の発明によるその解決手段は、透明な無機質材料によって中空柱状に形成され、前記請求項3または請求項4記載の光触媒フィルタを同軸方向に収納する中空糸膜ケースの軸方向の一端は開口してここに前記反応促進流体導入管が流体密に連通連結され、また他端には前記処理後流体排出管が流体密に連通連結され、さらに前記中空糸膜ケースの周壁部には多数の小孔が穿設され、この小孔を流体密に覆うように透明な無機質材料によるジャケットが設けられ、このジャケットに連通するように前記処理流体導入管が連通連結されてなる光触媒フィルタ装置である。
【0022】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1に示すものは公知の中空糸膜1であり、多数の微細孔2が中空内部にまで貫通するように存在する。図2(a),(b)は平面Pによるその中空糸膜1の断面図である。図2(a)には内周面に、また同(b)には外周面に光触媒3が高密度に付着させたものが示される。図には描かれていないが、微細孔2の周壁にも光触媒3を付着させるようにしてもよい。なお外径0.4mm程度が普通に用いられる。
【0023】
中空糸膜1の材質としてはポリプロピレン(PP)、ポリエチレン(PE)、ポリアセタール(POM)、PVC、フッ素樹脂、ポリイミド等の樹脂を使用する。
【0024】
中空糸膜を形成する材料として、たとえばテトラフルオロエチレン樹脂のようなフッ素系樹脂材、あるいはシリコン系樹脂材のような非多孔性高分子材料を用いるときは、図1に符号2で示した微細孔2がなく、流体の中空糸膜の内、外部間の移動は主として浸透圧による透過によることになる。図面ではこの場合は符号1Aを用いた。
【0025】
光触媒3の微粒子として、二酸化チタン(TiO)が最も好適であり、その結晶構造はブルッカイト型、ルチル型、アナターゼ型の3種類の中、アナターゼ型が特に望ましいが、ルチル型酸化チタン、含水酸化チタンでもよい。しかしてこの光触媒3の大きさは、粒径30nm以下が望ましい。
【0026】
また図示してはいないが、これらの光触媒3の表面にさらに金属粒子を付加担持させることで光触媒反応の速度をさらに増大させ得ることが知られており、付加される金属粒子の材質としては、白金、ルテニウム、パラジウム、ロジウム、タンタル、銀、ニッケル、銅、ジルコニウム、クロム、バナジウム、酸化テル、酸化スズ、酸化マンガン、酸化ニッケル、酸化ルテニウムなどがある。
【0027】
これらに使用する光源としては、光触媒3として二酸化チタンを使用する場合は紫外光で励起されることが知られており、波長としては200〜500nmが好ましい。この波長の光を連続出力できる水銀ランプ、紫外線ランプ、キセノンランプを使用することができる。また可視光型として可視光による応答をさせてもよい。
【0028】
また本発明の各装置を屋外で作動させる場合は、反応効率は落ちるが集光レンズを用いて太陽光を光源とすることもできる。また中空糸膜1または1Aを多数本束ねた内側にあって光が届きにくい個所に対しては、何本かの光ファイバ9による照射も有効となる。
【0029】
本発明の中空糸膜1(1A)をフィルタ要素として使用するときは、これらの中空糸膜をその軸線方向を平行にまとめて束にするのがよい。図3はこのようなフィルタ要素を、たとえば石英やガラスのような透明な無機質材料からなる中空円柱状または中空角柱状の中空柱状の中空糸膜ケース5に、容器と中空糸膜の両軸線方向を同じにするように収納してフィルタ装置としてまとめた一例を示す。
【0030】
図3のフィルタ装置では、ケース5の周壁に側部開口51があけられ、この開口51に流体密に(気密または液密に)処理流体4の導入管4が連通接続され、ケースの軸方向の一端は閉じられ、他端に処理後流体を排出させるための処理後流体排出管6が流体密に取り付けられる。
【0031】
このフィルタ装置においては、処理流体導入管4からフィルタ要素に導かれる処理流体は、各中空糸膜1(1A)の外部から光触媒3による反応を受けつつ中空内部に入り(浸透圧により透過し)、あるいは内部に入ってから光触媒反応を受け、浄化されて処理後流体排出管6から排出される。
【0032】
中空糸膜ケース5は透明だから外部から光触媒反応に必要十分な光エネルギーを受けることができ、またそれが十分でないときは光ファイバ9を介して所望波長の光を照射すればよい。
【0033】
図4に示した装置は、図3の装置の場合とは逆に、処理流体が中空糸膜1の中空内部から外部に出るよう構成した装置であって、処理流体の導入管4はケース5の軸方向の一端から入り、処理後流体はケース5の周壁に開けられた多数の周壁孔52から半径方向外方に取り出し、周壁部を流体密に覆うように設けられているジャケット7を経由して処理後流体排出管6に向かうような構成である。
【0034】
本発明では、光触媒反応に必要な水(HO)や、酸素(O)、あるいはオゾン(O)を、処理流体自体が持っているものだけに頼ることなく、さらに積極的に別途供給する装置も含んでいる。
【0035】
この種の装置は、たとえば処理流体が油性のもので、処理後の分解物質が残留して光触媒3を覆ったり、あるいは中空糸膜1(1A)の中空の通路を阻害したりする事態を防止できる利点を持っている。たとえば図5および図6に示す装置がそうであって、この両装置では上記の水、酸素、オゾンのような反応促進流体を積極的に導入するための反応促進流体導入管8が設けられる。
【0036】
図5の装置は処理流体導入管4から入る処理流体が中空糸膜1(1A)の外部から中空内部に流れるように構成した装置、また図6の装置はこの逆方向に流れるように構成して、いずれも処理後流体排出管6から排出させるようにした装置であり、その構造は既に図3および図4の装置の説明から十分自明であるから、詳細な説明は省略する。
【0037】
特に油中での有機物の分解処理の場合、生起する光触媒反応が目的の有機物だけでなく、媒質の油をも分解してしまう不都合があるが、使用する中空糸膜の微細孔2の直径の大きさを分離された有機物以下にするように調整して、これが中空内部に入らないようにして分離することができる。分離さえできれば、この有機物等は光触媒反応に必要なバンドギャップ以上の強度の光を照射して分解できる。この場合使用する装置は、図5に示す装置である。
【0038】
また図示してはいないが、反応促進流体導入管8を、図5や図6のように離して設けるのでなく、たとえば処理流体導入管4と同軸的に設けたりする構成も考えられる。要は光触媒反応の生起する正にその場所に、酸素、オゾンあるいは水などの反応促進流体を効果的に供給できればよいのである。
【0039】
【発明の効果】
請求項1〜請求項6の発明によれば、処理すべき流体は、所望の光を十分受けられるように透明なケースに収納され、また必要に応じて光照射用の光ファイバを備えた中空糸膜の束であるフィルタ要素によって、光触媒を担持した中空糸膜の外部から内部へ、あるいは逆に内部から外部への流れ、あるいは浸透圧による流体の透過移動の中で処理されるから、光触媒反応に必要な酸素や水の存在も十分であり、これによって光触媒反応を効率的に生起させることができる効果がある。
【0040】
また請求項7および請求項8の発明によれば、光触媒反応に必要な酸素や水等の反応促進流体が不足しているとき、あるいは分解生成物が光触媒を覆ってその作用を阻害したり、あるいは中空糸膜の中空内部に蓄積して処理後流体の流通を妨げたりするときに、外部から別途、積極的に反応促進流体を注入供給することができ、これによってこのような光触媒反応妨害物を取り除いて、所期の有機物分解処理反応を効率的に実行できる利点がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の中空糸膜を示す斜視図である。
【図2】(a),(b)は中空糸膜1の横断面図である。
【図3】処理流体を中空糸膜の外部から中空内部に流すように構成したフィルタ装置の一例を示す側断面図である。
【図4】処理流体を中空糸膜の中空内部から外部に向けて流すように構成したフィルタ装置の一例を示す側断面図である。
【図5】反応促進流体を別途供給するように構成したフィルタ装置の一例を示す側断面図である。
【図6】反応促進流体を別途供給するように構成したフィルタ装置の別の例を示す側断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 中空糸膜
1A 非多孔性中空糸膜
2 微細孔
3 光触媒
4 処理流体導入管
5 中空糸膜ケース
6 処理後流体排出管
7 ジャケット
8 反応促進流体導入管
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a photocatalyst-supporting hollow fiber membrane and a photocatalyst filter device using the same, and more specifically, a hollow fiber membrane having a large number of micropores supporting a photocatalyst, and a hollow fiber membrane made of a non-porous polymer material formed of oxygen, BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a photocatalytic filter device capable of promoting the efficiency of a photocatalytic reaction in a place where a substance necessary for a conventionally difficult reaction, for example, oxygen is diluted, by functioning as an ozone or water introduction pipe.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Before referring to the conventional technical literature, necessary and sufficient structural conditions for a photocatalytic filter to function efficiently will be described below. In the case of a photocatalyst filter device using a hollow fiber membrane, in addition to the conditions of a general photocatalyst filter device, a requirement is how to effectively use the hollow portion of the hollow fiber membrane as a passage for a treatment fluid or a post-treatment fluid. . Let's start with general conditions.
[0003]
C1. (The meaning of condition 1, the same applies hereinafter.) In order to capture the fluid to be treated for the treatment and to stay in the filter for a certain time until the required chemical reaction is completed, and to widen the place where this reaction occurs It is necessary that the contact surface area is large compared to the volume of the filter. The structure of the hollow fiber membrane itself helps to increase this contact surface area.
[0004]
C2. Thus, it is necessary that a photocatalyst such as TiO 2 be attached at a high density on the surfaces of all the communication gaps. The two conditions C1 and C2 guarantee that the fluid to be treated is in direct contact with the photocatalyst present at high density for a certain period of time.
[0005]
C3. In order to carry out the photocatalytic reaction efficiently, the photocatalyst is continuously and sufficiently irradiated with light of a required wavelength, for example, ultraviolet light or visible light in the case of TiO 2 (titanium dioxide) in the above example. It is necessary to
[0006]
C4. The presence of oxygen (O 2 ) is required for the chemical reaction for processing. Instead of oxygen, water (H 2 O) containing the oxygen may be present.
[0007]
C5. In the case of a photocatalytic filter device using a hollow fiber membrane, the inside of the hollow tube of the hollow fiber membrane is cleverly used as a treatment fluid, a post-treatment fluid, or an introduction passage or a discharge passage of a reaction promoting fluid such as oxygen or water. In addition, it is also necessary that the apparatus is constructed so as to utilize the reaction promoting fluid in a positive manner, thereby effectively promoting the photocatalytic reaction.
[0008]
With the above five conditions in mind, first, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-15065, “Catalyst-supported hollow fiber membrane” (see Patent Document 1) will be examined. In the filter device using the hollow fiber membrane disclosed herein, the treatment fluid simply flows in the axial direction along the hollow portion inside the hollow fiber membrane, as can be clearly understood from FIGS. Since it does not pass through the fiber membrane in the radial direction, it does not use micropores and passes through too quickly to have a sufficient contact residence time.
[0009]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-256472, "Antibacterial Fibers and Antibacterial Filter Materials and Methods for Producing the Same" (see Patent Document 2) discloses a method of forming a hydroxyapatite film on the surface of natural or synthetic fibers and forming a film thereon. The structure has an antibacterial property by supporting a photocatalyst such as titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ). The effect shown in the embodiment of the present invention is the same as that in the culture solution which is statically left. It only had the effect of sterilizing it against certain bacteria and did not have the so-called filter effect of cleaning the solution in a fluid state. That is, this conventional invention is disqualified for the condition C5.
[0010]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-85295, entitled "Method of Treating Aqueous Liquid to be Treated" (see Patent Document 3) discloses a method of immersing a bundle of hollow fiber membrane elements having a photocatalyst in water, particularly in the related description of FIGS. Although it is described that the water present in the surroundings is purified by this, the liquid after treatment by the photocatalytic reaction around the outside of the hollow fiber membrane simply flows through the permeation flow from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane. And the filtration efficiency is extremely low. That is, the present invention is disqualified for the condition C5.
[0011]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-28462 discloses an “ozone treatment device” (see Patent Document 4) in which a non-porous molecular membrane is formed into a hollow fiber membrane, and an ozone gas is permeated therein, and ozone is dissolved in pure water. It proposes a method for producing ozone water and does not specifically disclose an effective filter using a hollow fiber membrane.
[0012]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-15065 (Related description of FIGS. 5 and 6)
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-256472 (especially description of embodiments)
[Patent Document 3]
JP-A-9-85295 (Related description of FIGS. 2 and 3)
[Patent Document 4]
JP-A-2002-28462 (full text)
[0013]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention provides a photocatalyst-supporting hollow fiber membrane which satisfies all of the necessary and sufficient conditions C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 as a photocatalytic filter device using the photocatalyst-supporting hollow fiber membrane described in [0002] to [0007]. And a photocatalytic filter device using the same.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve all the above-mentioned problems, and a solution according to the invention of claim 1 is that a hollow polymer tube is formed of an appropriate polymer material, and an inner peripheral portion thereof is formed. A photocatalyst-supporting hollow fiber membrane having a large number of communicating micropores, and an appropriate photocatalyst attached at high density to the surface of one or both of the outer peripheral portion and the inner peripheral portion and the peripheral wall surface of the micropores. It is.
[0015]
The solution according to the second aspect of the present invention is that a suitable non-porous polymer material is formed into a hollow tube, and an appropriate photocatalyst is coated on one or both surfaces of the outer peripheral portion and the inner peripheral portion. This is a non-porous hollow fiber membrane carrying a photocatalyst, which is attached to a hollow fiber membrane.
[0016]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a photocatalyst filter comprising a plurality of the photocatalyst-supporting hollow fiber membranes or a plurality of the photocatalyst-supporting non-porous hollow fiber membranes bundled so that their tube axes are parallel to each other. .
[0017]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a photocatalyst-supporting hollow fiber membrane or a plurality of photocatalyst-supporting non-porous hollow fiber membranes which are bundled so that their tube axes are closely packed in parallel. The photocatalytic filter according to claim 3, wherein at least one optical fiber for irradiation is provided.
[0018]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a hollow column formed of a transparent inorganic material, which is formed on a peripheral wall of a hollow fiber membrane case for accommodating the photocatalyst filter according to the third or fourth aspect. A processing fluid introduction pipe into which the processing fluid is to be introduced is fluid-tightly (airtightly and liquid-tightly) connected to the opened side opening, and the post-processing fluid is discharged to at least one axial end of the hollow fiber membrane case. Photocatalyst filter device which is connected with a fluid discharge pipe after processing for the purpose.
[0019]
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an axial end of a hollow fiber membrane case formed of a transparent inorganic material in a hollow column shape and accommodating the photocatalyst filter according to the third or fourth aspect. Is closed, and the other end is opened, and the processing fluid introduction pipe is connected to the processing fluid introduction pipe in a fluid-tight manner, and a number of small holes are formed in the peripheral wall of the hollow fiber membrane case. The photocatalytic filter device is provided with a jacket made of a transparent inorganic material so as to cover the above, and the fluid discharge pipe after the treatment is connected so as to communicate with the jacket.
[0020]
The solution according to the invention of claim 7 is a reaction promoting fluid for introducing a reaction promoting fluid such as pure water, oxygen or ozone to the opposite side of the jacket from the connection side of the treated fluid discharge pipe. 7. The photocatalytic filter device according to claim 6, wherein the introduction pipe is connected in communication.
[0021]
According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an axial end of a hollow fiber membrane case formed of a transparent inorganic material in a hollow column shape and accommodating the photocatalyst filter according to the third or fourth aspect. Is open and the reaction promoting fluid introduction pipe is fluid-tightly connected thereto, and the other end of the post-treatment fluid discharge pipe is fluid-tightly connected to the other end. A photocatalytic filter device in which a number of small holes are formed, a jacket made of a transparent inorganic material is provided so as to cover the small holes in a fluid-tight manner, and the processing fluid introduction pipe is connected to communicate with the jacket. It is.
[0022]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows a known hollow fiber membrane 1 in which a large number of micropores 2 penetrate into the hollow interior. 2A and 2B are cross-sectional views of the hollow fiber membrane 1 along a plane P. FIG. 2 (a) shows the photocatalyst 3 attached to the inner peripheral surface and FIG. 2 (b) to the outer peripheral surface at a high density. Although not shown in the drawing, the photocatalyst 3 may be attached to the peripheral wall of the fine hole 2. An outer diameter of about 0.4 mm is commonly used.
[0023]
As the material of the hollow fiber membrane 1, a resin such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyacetal (POM), PVC, fluororesin, or polyimide is used.
[0024]
When a non-porous polymer material such as a fluorine-based resin material such as tetrafluoroethylene resin or a silicon-based resin material is used as a material for forming the hollow fiber membrane, the fine particles indicated by reference numeral 2 in FIG. Since there is no hole 2, the movement of the fluid between the inside and the outside of the hollow fiber membrane mainly depends on the permeation by osmotic pressure. In the drawing, reference numeral 1A is used in this case.
[0025]
As the fine particles of the photocatalyst 3, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is the most preferable, and the crystal structure thereof is particularly preferably anatase type among brookite type, rutile type and anatase type. Titanium may be used. The size of the photocatalyst 3 is desirably 30 nm or less in particle size.
[0026]
Although not shown, it is known that the speed of the photocatalytic reaction can be further increased by further supporting the metal particles on the surface of the photocatalyst 3. Platinum, ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, tantalum, silver, nickel, copper, zirconium, chromium, vanadium, terium oxide, tin oxide, manganese oxide, nickel oxide, ruthenium oxide, and the like.
[0027]
It is known that, when titanium dioxide is used as the photocatalyst 3, the light source used for these is excited by ultraviolet light, and the wavelength is preferably 200 to 500 nm. A mercury lamp, an ultraviolet lamp, and a xenon lamp that can continuously output light of this wavelength can be used. Further, a response by visible light may be used as a visible light type.
[0028]
When each device of the present invention is operated outdoors, the reaction efficiency is reduced, but sunlight can be used as a light source by using a condenser lens. Irradiation with some optical fibers 9 is also effective at a location where light does not easily reach inside the bundled hollow fiber membranes 1 or 1A.
[0029]
When the hollow fiber membrane 1 (1A) of the present invention is used as a filter element, these hollow fiber membranes are preferably bundled such that their axial directions are parallel. FIG. 3 shows such a filter element in a hollow columnar hollow fiber membrane case 5 made of a transparent inorganic material such as quartz or glass. An example is shown in which the filter devices are stored in the same manner and are combined as a filter device.
[0030]
In the filter device of FIG. 3, a side opening 51 is formed in the peripheral wall of the case 5, and the introduction pipe 4 of the processing fluid 4 is connected to the opening 51 in a fluid-tight (air-tight or liquid-tight) manner. Is closed at one end, and a post-processing fluid discharge pipe 6 for discharging the post-processing fluid is attached to the other end in a fluid-tight manner.
[0031]
In this filter device, the processing fluid guided from the processing fluid introduction pipe 4 to the filter element enters the hollow interior while being reacted by the photocatalyst 3 from the outside of each hollow fiber membrane 1 (1A) (permeates by osmotic pressure). Alternatively, after entering the inside, it undergoes a photocatalytic reaction, is purified, and is discharged from the fluid discharge pipe 6 after processing.
[0032]
Since the hollow fiber membrane case 5 is transparent, it can receive light energy necessary and sufficient for the photocatalytic reaction from the outside, and when it is not enough, light of a desired wavelength may be irradiated through the optical fiber 9.
[0033]
The device shown in FIG. 4 is a device in which the processing fluid exits from the hollow interior of the hollow fiber membrane 1 to the outside, in contrast to the device of FIG. From the one end in the axial direction, the processed fluid is taken out radially outward from a number of peripheral wall holes 52 formed in the peripheral wall of the case 5, and passes through the jacket 7 provided so as to cover the peripheral wall in a fluid-tight manner. Then, it is configured to go to the fluid discharge pipe 6 after the processing.
[0034]
In the present invention, water (H 2 O), oxygen (O 2 ), or ozone (O 3 ) necessary for the photocatalytic reaction is further positively separated without relying only on the treatment fluid itself. It also includes a supply device.
[0035]
This type of apparatus prevents, for example, a situation in which the processing fluid is oily and decomposed substances after the processing remain to cover the photocatalyst 3 or obstruct the hollow passage of the hollow fiber membrane 1 (1A). Have the benefits you can. This is the case, for example, with the devices shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, both of which are provided with a reaction-promoting-fluid introduction tube 8 for positively introducing a reaction-promoting fluid such as water, oxygen or ozone.
[0036]
The apparatus of FIG. 5 is configured so that the processing fluid entering from the processing fluid introduction pipe 4 flows from the outside of the hollow fiber membrane 1 (1A) to the hollow interior, and the apparatus of FIG. 6 is configured to flow in the opposite direction. Each of the devices is configured to be discharged from the fluid discharge pipe 6 after the processing, and the structure thereof is already sufficiently obvious from the description of the device shown in FIGS.
[0037]
In particular, in the case of decomposition treatment of organic substances in oil, there is a disadvantage that the photocatalytic reaction that occurs decomposes not only the target organic substances but also oil of the medium, but the diameter of the micropores 2 of the hollow fiber membrane used is small. The size can be adjusted so as to be equal to or smaller than the separated organic substance, and the organic substance can be separated without entering the hollow interior. As long as it can be separated, this organic substance can be decomposed by irradiating light having an intensity higher than the band gap required for the photocatalytic reaction. The device used in this case is the device shown in FIG.
[0038]
Although not shown, a configuration in which the reaction promoting fluid introduction pipe 8 is provided separately from the processing fluid introduction pipe 4 as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 may be considered, for example. The point is that a reaction promoting fluid such as oxygen, ozone, or water can be effectively supplied to the location where the photocatalytic reaction occurs.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first to sixth aspects of the present invention, the fluid to be treated is housed in a transparent case so as to sufficiently receive desired light, and a hollow with an optical fiber for light irradiation as necessary. The filter element, which is a bundle of fiber membranes, is processed in the flow from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane carrying the photocatalyst, or vice versa, or in the permeation and movement of fluid by osmotic pressure. The presence of oxygen and water required for the reaction is also sufficient, and this has the effect that a photocatalytic reaction can be efficiently generated.
[0040]
According to the invention of claims 7 and 8, when a reaction promoting fluid such as oxygen or water necessary for a photocatalytic reaction is insufficient, or a decomposition product covers the photocatalyst and inhibits its action, Alternatively, when accumulating in the hollow interior of the hollow fiber membrane and obstructing the flow of the fluid after the treatment, the reaction promoting fluid can be separately and positively injected and supplied from the outside, whereby such a photocatalytic reaction obstruction can be obtained. Has the advantage that the desired organic substance decomposition treatment reaction can be carried out efficiently.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a hollow fiber membrane of the present invention.
FIGS. 2A and 2B are cross-sectional views of the hollow fiber membrane 1. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a side sectional view showing an example of a filter device configured to flow a processing fluid from the outside of the hollow fiber membrane to the inside of the hollow fiber.
FIG. 4 is a side sectional view showing an example of a filter device configured to flow a processing fluid from the hollow interior of the hollow fiber membrane to the outside.
FIG. 5 is a side sectional view showing an example of a filter device configured to separately supply a reaction promoting fluid.
FIG. 6 is a side sectional view showing another example of a filter device configured to separately supply a reaction promoting fluid.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hollow fiber membrane 1A Non-porous hollow fiber membrane 2 Micropore 3 Photocatalyst 4 Processing fluid introduction pipe 5 Hollow fiber membrane case 6 Fluid discharge pipe after processing 7 Jacket 8 Reaction promoting fluid introduction pipe

Claims (8)

適宜の高分子材料によって中空管状に形成され、その外周部に内部にまで連通する多数の微細孔(2)を有し、前記外周部および内周部のいずれか一方または双方の表面および前記微細孔(2)の周壁面に、適宜の光触媒(3)を高密度に付着させてなる光触媒担持中空糸膜(1)。It is formed in a hollow tubular shape with an appropriate polymer material, and has a large number of micropores (2) communicating with the inside at its outer peripheral portion, and the surface of one or both of the outer peripheral portion and the inner peripheral portion and the fine A photocatalyst-supporting hollow fiber membrane (1) obtained by adhering an appropriate photocatalyst (3) at high density to the peripheral wall surface of the hole (2). 適宜の非多孔質高分子材料によって中空管状にに形成され、その外周部または内周部のいずれか一方または双方の表面に適宜の光触媒(3)を高密度に付着させてなる光触媒担持非多孔質中空糸膜(1A)。A non-porous photocatalyst carrying non-porous material, which is formed in a hollow tubular shape with a suitable non-porous polymer material and has a suitable photo-catalyst (3) attached at high density to one or both of its outer and inner peripheral surfaces. Hollow fiber membrane (1A). 前記光触媒担持中空糸膜(1)または光触媒担持非多孔質中空糸膜(1A)の複数本を、その管軸線を平行に互いに密集するように束ねて成る光触媒フィルタ。A photocatalyst filter comprising a plurality of the photocatalyst-supporting hollow fiber membranes (1) or the non-porous photocatalyst-supporting hollow fiber membranes (1A) bundled so that their tube axes are parallel to each other. 前記光触媒担持中空糸膜(1)または光触媒担持非多孔質中空糸膜(1A)の複数本を、その管軸線を平行に互いに密集するように束ねられた内部に、光照射用の少なくとも1本の光ファイバ(9)を設けたことを特徴とする請求項3記載の光触媒フィルタ。A plurality of the photocatalyst-supporting hollow fiber membranes (1) or the photocatalyst-supporting non-porous hollow fiber membranes (1A) are bundled such that their tube axes are parallel to each other, and at least one of them is used for light irradiation. 4. The photocatalytic filter according to claim 3, wherein said optical fiber is provided. 透明な無機質材料によって中空柱状に形成され、前記請求項3または請求項4記載の光触媒フィルタを同軸方向に収納する中空糸膜ケース(5)の周壁部に開けられた側部開口(51)に処理流体を導入すべき処理流体導入管(4)が流体密(気密および液密)に連通連結され、また前記中空糸膜ケース(5)の軸方向の少なくとも一端には処理後流体を排出させるための処理後流体排出管(6)が連通連結されてなる光触媒フィルタ装置。A side opening (51) formed in a hollow pillar shape by a transparent inorganic material and opened in a peripheral wall portion of a hollow fiber membrane case (5) accommodating the photocatalyst filter according to claim 3 or 4 in a coaxial direction. A processing fluid introduction pipe (4) into which a processing fluid is to be introduced is connected in a fluid-tight (air-tight and liquid-tight) manner, and the post-processing fluid is discharged to at least one axial end of the hollow fiber membrane case (5). Filter device, which is connected to a fluid discharge pipe (6) after treatment for communication. 透明な無機質材料によって中空柱状に形成され、前記請求項3または請求項4記載の光触媒フィルタを同軸方向に収納する中空糸膜ケース(5)の軸方向の一端は閉じられ、他端は開口してここに前記処理流体導入管(4)が流体密に連通連結され、前記中空糸膜ケース(5)の周壁部には多数の小孔(52)が穿設され、この小孔(52)を流体密に覆うように透明な無機質材料によるジャケット(7)が設けられ、このジャケット(7)に連通するように前記処理後流体排出管(6)が連結されてなる光触媒フィルタ装置。A hollow fiber membrane case (5) formed of a transparent inorganic material in a hollow column shape and accommodating the photocatalyst filter according to claim 3 or 4 coaxially is closed at one axial end and opened at the other end. Here, the processing fluid introduction pipe (4) is fluidly connected and connected, and a number of small holes (52) are formed in the peripheral wall of the hollow fiber membrane case (5). A photocatalytic filter device comprising: a jacket (7) made of a transparent inorganic material provided so as to cover fluid-tightly; and the fluid discharge pipe (6) after treatment is connected to communicate with the jacket (7). 前記ジャケット(7)の、前記処理後流体排出管(6)の連結側と反対側に、純水(HO)、酸素(O)またはオゾン(O)のような反応促進流体を導入するための反応促進流体導入管(8)を連通連結したことを特徴とする請求項6記載の光触媒フィルタ装置。A reaction promoting fluid such as pure water (H 2 O), oxygen (O 2 ), or ozone (O 3 ) is provided on a side of the jacket (7) opposite to a side connected to the post-treatment fluid discharge pipe (6). 7. The photocatalytic filter device according to claim 6, wherein a reaction promoting fluid introducing pipe (8) for introducing the fluid is connected to the photocatalytic filter. 透明な無機質材料によって中空柱状に形成され、前記請求項3または請求項4記載の光触媒フィルタを同軸方向に収納する中空糸膜ケース(5)の軸方向の一端は開口してここに前記反応促進流体導入管(8)が流体密に連通連結され、また他端には前記処理後流体排出管(6)が流体密に連通連結され、さらに前記中空糸膜ケース(5)の周壁部には多数の小孔(52)が穿設され、この小孔(52)を流体密に覆うように透明な無機質材料によるジャケット(7)が設けられ、このジャケット(7)に連通するように前記処理流体導入管(4)が連通連結されてなる光触媒フィルタ装置。A hollow fiber membrane case (5) formed of a transparent inorganic material in a hollow column shape and accommodating the photocatalyst filter according to claim 3 or 4 coaxially is open at one end in the axial direction to promote the reaction. A fluid inlet pipe (8) is connected in fluid-tight communication with the other end, and the treated fluid discharge pipe (6) is connected in fluid-tight communication with the other end, and a peripheral wall of the hollow fiber membrane case (5) is connected to the other end. A plurality of small holes (52) are formed, and a jacket (7) made of a transparent inorganic material is provided so as to cover the small holes (52) in a fluid-tight manner, and the treatment is performed so as to communicate with the jacket (7). A photocatalytic filter device in which a fluid introduction pipe (4) is connected in communication.
JP2003015706A 2003-01-24 2003-01-24 Photocatalyst carried hollow fiber membrane and photocatalyst filter using the same Pending JP2004223435A (en)

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Cited By (4)

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WO2007004593A1 (en) * 2005-07-01 2007-01-11 National University Corporation Okayama University Apparatus for denaturating bilirubin and bilirubin dialyzer
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US8475722B2 (en) 2010-04-08 2013-07-02 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Hydrogen generation device and method of using same
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007004593A1 (en) * 2005-07-01 2007-01-11 National University Corporation Okayama University Apparatus for denaturating bilirubin and bilirubin dialyzer
JP2007007292A (en) * 2005-07-01 2007-01-18 Okayama Univ Bilirubin modification apparatus and bilirubin dialyzer
US7998100B2 (en) 2005-07-01 2011-08-16 National University Corporation Okayama University Apparatus for denaturating bilirubin and bilirubin dialyzer
US8475722B2 (en) 2010-04-08 2013-07-02 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Hydrogen generation device and method of using same
WO2013021509A1 (en) * 2011-08-11 2013-02-14 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Hydrogen generating device and method for using same
CN103732531A (en) * 2011-08-11 2014-04-16 丰田自动车株式会社 Hydrogen generating device and method for using same
JPWO2013021509A1 (en) * 2011-08-11 2015-03-05 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Hydrogen generator and method of using the same
KR20200098950A (en) * 2019-02-13 2020-08-21 (주)퓨어스페이스 Air purifying system using photocatalytic filter
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