JP2004210857A - Production method of organic/inorganic hybrid, and roll member and belt member for copier or printer for electrophotographic system - Google Patents

Production method of organic/inorganic hybrid, and roll member and belt member for copier or printer for electrophotographic system Download PDF

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JP2004210857A
JP2004210857A JP2002379491A JP2002379491A JP2004210857A JP 2004210857 A JP2004210857 A JP 2004210857A JP 2002379491 A JP2002379491 A JP 2002379491A JP 2002379491 A JP2002379491 A JP 2002379491A JP 2004210857 A JP2004210857 A JP 2004210857A
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Prior art keywords
organic
inorganic hybrid
solution
metal alkoxide
organosilicon compound
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JP4121077B2 (en
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Takuya Shindo
卓也 信藤
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Suzuka Fuji Xerox Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Suzuka Fuji Xerox Manufacturing Co Ltd
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  • Electrophotography Configuration And Component (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
  • Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
  • Silicon Polymers (AREA)
  • Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make mass-producible an organic/inorganic hybrid useful as a material for a roll member or a belt member of a copier or a printer for an electrophotographic system. <P>SOLUTION: The organic/inorganic hybrid material is prepared by heat treating a solution containing an organosilicon compound having, at its one terminal or both terminals, a functional group or groups reactive with a metal alkoxide to remove water and a low-molecular-weight component from the solution; adding a metal oxide to the heat treated organosilicon compound solution to give an organic/inorganic hybrid sol liquid, and thermally gelling this sol liquid. A heat-resistant elastic material excellent in surface smoothness and mold releasability and having a low hardness is prepared by applying the organic/inorganic hybrid to a substrate and heating it; the elastic material is useful as a roll member or a belt member of a copier or a printer for an electrophotographic system. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は例えば電子写真方式の複写機あるいはプリンターに使用される定着ローラの弾性層や表面被覆材、中間転写ベルトあるいは定着ベルトの表面被覆材等として用いられる有機・無機ハイブリットの製造方法および有機・無機ハイブリットを用いた電子写真方式の複写機やプリンタに使用されるロール部材またはベルト部材に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
両末端または片末端に金属アルコキシドと反応可能な官能基を有する有機ケイ素化合物と金属アルコキシドとからゾルゲル法によって合成される有機・無機ハイブリットは、200℃以上の耐熱特性と低硬度を有し、有機成分の疎水基による撥水効果にも優れている。この材料は例えば電子写真方式の複写機、プリンタ用の定着ローラの弾性層や表面被覆材、あるいは中間転写ベルトおよび定着ベルト等の表面被覆材として有用である。
上記有機・無機ハイブリット材料は、該有機ケイ素化合物の溶液に金属アルコキシドを反応させ有機・無機ハイブリットゾル液を調製し、該ゾル液を加熱処理する方法によって製造されるのが一般的である(例えば特許文献1参照)。
【0003】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−222176号公報
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記ゾルゲル法によるハイブリット合成方法では、該有機ケイ素化合物の溶液中に金属アルコキシドを滴下して反応させるが、この際原液のまゝでは相溶性が悪いため、一般に該有機ケイ素化合物と金属アルコキシドとの双方に相溶性を有する共溶媒が添加される。しかしこの共溶媒を使用しても、用いる有機ケイ素化合物によっては、微量に存在する水分等によって液に濁りが生じ均質な反応が出来なくなる。また、該反応液中に水分が存在すると、該水分によって金属アルコキシドが加水分解・重縮合反応し、金属成分の析出が起り、該金属成分は反応活性を有するので有機・無機ハイブリット合成反応に干渉し、有機・無機ハイブリットの順調な生成を妨害する。
一般的には該金属成分の反応活性を押さえるためエステル化合物等による化学修飾によって金属アルコキシドを前処理することが行われる。しかし、このような副原料の使用は、水分等の混入を招き、長期の保存を困難とするだけでなく、ハイブリット膜等の均質性を下げる原因となってくる。また前記したように、金属アルコキシドと有機ケイ素化合物の相溶性が悪いので、合成時の金属アルコキシドの滴下速度を充分遅くする必要がある。しかし滴下速度を充分遅くすれば合成に要する時間がかゝり、反応中にゲル化の進行が起こることからスケールアップによる量産化の障害となっていた。
更に有機ケイ素化合物には低分子量成分が含まれており、合成された有機・無機ハイブリットにこのような低分子量成分が残存していると、有機・無機ハイブリットからなる材料からブリードアウトやべたつきが発生したり、弾性層の機械的性質に悪影響が出たりする上、使用時に低分子成分がガスとして発散するという問題もある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上記課題を解決するための手段として、両末端または片末端に金属アルコキシドと反応可能な官能基を有する有機ケイ素化合物溶液を加熱処理して水分および低分子量成分を除去すること、そして所望なれば該有機ケイ素化合物溶液の加熱処理を酸および/または塩基の存在下にて行うことによって該有機ケイ素化合物を変性して金属アルコキシドとの相溶性を向上させ、更に水分および低分子量成分を除去することによって金属アルコキシドの加水分解・重縮合による析出を抑制することにより、配合条件の自由度を大きくして円滑な有機・無機ハイブリットの合成を可能にし、スケールアップによる量産性を可能としたゾルゲル法による有機・無機ハイブリットの製造方法を提供し、あわせて上記有機・無機ハイブリットゾル液を金属シャフト、または樹脂ベルト等の基材上に塗布し、加熱処理することによって得られる有機・無機ハイブリットからなる弾性層または被膜を形成した電子写真方式の複写機、プリンタに使用されるロール部材あるいはベルト部材が提供される。
【0006】
【作用】
両末端または片末端に金属アルコキシドと反応可能な官能基を有する有機ケイ素化合物溶液を加熱処理して水分および低分子量成分を除去すれば、金属アルコキシドを該溶液中に滴下した場合、該金属アルコキシドが水分等によって分解・重縮合反応してゾル中に析出し白濁することが抑制出来る。したがって金属アルコキシドの滴下速度を従来のゾルゲル法に比べ早くすることが出来る。
更に上記加熱処理の際、該有機ケイ素化合物に酸および/または塩基を存在させることによって、該有機ケイ素化合物を変性して金属アルコキシドとの相溶性を向上せしめれば、更に金属アルコキシドの分解・重縮合反応を抑制することが出来、金属アルコキシドの添加速度を更に早くすること(従来のゾルゲル法に比べて略20倍)が出来る。
また得られた有機・無機ハイブリットからなる材料には低分子量成分が殆ど含まれていないので、ブリードの発生も抑制され、またべたつきも少ない上、機械的性質も向上する。また、化学修飾剤や共溶媒を使用する場合も使用量を減らすことが出来、収縮率が低くなることから、成形性、形状安定性も向上する。またゾルの保存においても、反応性の成分比率が低いため長期保存が可能となる。
本発明を以下に詳細に説明する。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
〔金属のアルコキシド〕
本発明で使用される金属アルコキシドの金属の種類としては、ホウ素、アルミニウム、ケイ素、チタン、バナジウム、マンガン、鉄、コバルト、亜鉛、ゲルマニウム、イットリウム、ジルコニウム、ニオブ、ランタン、セリウム、カドミウム、タンタル、タングステン等のアルコキシドを形成し得る金属が挙げられるが、特に望ましい金属はチタン、ジルコニウム、ケイ素、アルミニウムである。
またアルコキシドの種類としては特に限定されることなく、例えばメトキシド、エトキシド、プロポキシド、ブトキシド等が挙げられる。
上記金属アルコキシドはアセト酢酸メチル、アセト酢酸エチル、アセト酢酸イソプロピル等のアセト酢酸エステル等の化学修飾剤によって化学修飾されることが望ましい。
【0008】
〔有機ケイ素化合物〕
本発明の両末端または片末端に金属アルコキシドと反応可能な官能基を有する有機ケイ素化合物としては、例えば、ジアルキルジアルコキシシラン、望ましくは両末端または片末端シラノールポリジメチルシロキサンのようなポリオルガノシロキサン等を使用することが出来る。
該ジアルキルジアルコキシシランとしては、例えば、ジメチルジメトキシシラン、ジメチルジエトキシシラン、ジメチルジプロポキシシラン、ジメチルジブトキシシラン、ジエチルジメトキシシラン、ジエチルジエトキシシラン、ジエチルジプロポキシシラン、ジエチルジブトキシシラン、ジプロピルジメトキシシラン、ジプロピルジエトキシシラン、ジプロピルジプロポキシシラン、ジプロピルジブトキシシラン、ジフェニルジメトキシシラン、ジフェニルジエトキシシラン、ジフェニルジプロポキシシラン、ジフェニルジブトキシシラン等が挙げられる。
上記ポリオルガノシロキサンは、一般に重量平均分子量が400〜20000の範囲にあるが、耐熱性およびゲル化容易性の点からみて重量平均分子量は5000〜10000の範囲であるのものが好ましい。
また該ポリオルガノシロキサンは両末端または片末端に水酸基、アミノ基、カルボキシル基、エポキシ基等の官能基を有することが望ましい。このような官能基を有するポリオルガノシロキサンは、金属アルコキシドと円滑に反応し易い。
上記有機ケイ素化合物は、例えばメタノール、エタノール等の各種アルコールの他、ヘキサン、アセトン、トルエン、キシレン、テトラヒドロフラン等の溶液として提供される。
【0009】
〔有機・無機ハイブリットゾル液の調製〕
上記有機・無機ハイブリットゾル液の調製するには、所望の金属アルコキシドと、上記両末端または片末端に金属アルコキシドと反応可能な官能基を有する有機ケイ素化合物とを反応させ、有機・無機ハイブリットゾル液を調製する。
具体的には、上記有機ケイ素化合物溶液中に上記金属アルコキシドあるいは所望なれば上記化学修飾剤によって修飾された金属アルコキシドを滴下するが、本発明にあっては上記有機ケイ素化合物溶液を、水分や低分子量成分を除去するために加熱処理する。水分除去を行えば、有機ケイ素化合物溶液中に金属アルコキシドを添加した場合、該金属アルコキシドの残存水分による加水分解・重縮合が防止出来、金属アルコキシドの添加速度を早めて有機・無機ハイブリット合成を短時間に行うことが出来、また低分子量成分残存による有機・無機ハイブリットのべたつき、機械的強度の劣化等の不具合を効果的に解消することが出来る。
【0010】
上記加熱処理において、該有機ケイ素化合物溶液には塩酸、硫酸、硝酸、リン酸、酢酸等を添加して酸処理、あるいはアンモニア等を添加して塩基処理されることが望ましい。該酸または塩基は、通常、有機ケイ素化合物溶液のpHが1〜12の範囲になるように有機ケイ素化合物溶液に添加される。上記酸または塩基処理によって該有機ケイ素化合物は変性され、該金属アルコキシドとの相溶性が向上し、金属アルコキシドの分解・重縮合反応を更に抑制出来、金属アルコキシドの添加速度を更に早くすることが出来る。
【0011】
有機ケイ素化合物溶液に添加される金属アルコキシドを化学修飾剤によって化学修飾する場合、本発明では該有機ケイ素化合物溶液は加熱処理によって水分を除去されているので、該化学修飾剤の添加量は従来よりも少なくすることが出来、該化学修飾剤は金属アルコキシド1モルに対して1.5モル以下の量、望ましくは0.5モル以上の量で使用される。
【0012】
上記金属アルコキシドの該有機ケイ素化合物に対する添加量は、通常質量比率で3:90〜70:30の範囲とする。また該金属アルコキシドに対して該有機ケイ素化合物は80体積%程度であることが望ましい。上記比率よりも金属成分が多いと該金属成分が粒塊を形成して、得られる有機・無機ハイブリット材料にうねりや気孔が形成され、また有機ケイ素化合物が多いと該材料の表面にタックを生じる恐れがある。
【0013】
上記有機・無機ハイブリットゾル液には、所望により、例えば、アルミナ、酸化チタン、窒化ホウ素、窒化アルミニウム、シリカ等の良熱伝導粉末、およびグラファイト、カーボンブラック等の導電性粉末が添加されてもよい。該良熱伝導材粉末の粒度は通常50nm〜30μm程度である。上記粉末は有機・無機ハイブリットゾル液に添加され、通常添加量は上記有機・無機ハイブリット材料に対して5〜95質量%程度添加される。このように良熱伝導材が添加された有機・無機ハイブリットからなる材料は放熱性が良好で電子機器や電子写真方式複写機、プリンターの絶縁、放熱部材の材料として好適である。更に上記ゾル液に酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、防腐剤、粘度調節剤等の充填剤がされてもよい。
以上のようにして得られる有機・無機ハイブリットゾル液は、白濁化することなく、かつポットライフの長いゾル液となる。
【0014】
上記ゾル液は、所望の基材表面に塗布され、その後、加熱処理されて有機・無機ハイブリット弾性層や被膜とされる。あるいは、金型等によりシート状、もしくは一定膜厚の弾性層に成形することも可能である。
該有機−無機ハイブリットの弾性層や被膜は、表面平滑性に優れ、電子写真方式の複写機やプリンター用のロール部材やベルト部材に応用した場合、光沢を有する高画質画像が得られる。かつ有機成分の疎水性基の特徴により、トナーの離型性に優れる。従って該弾性層や被膜は、電子写真方式の複写機、プリンター等の画像形成装置の定着システムに使用される定着部材の表面層として有用である。
該定着システムとは、上記画像形成装置において、紙等の画像支持体に転写された未定着のトナー画像を加熱、加圧により該画像支持体に定着させるシステムのことであり、また該定着部材とは該定着システムに使用される定着ベルト(1,11)および定着ローラ(21)である。
【0015】
ここで、上記定着ベルト(1,11)および定着ローラ(21)を使用する定着システムについて説明する。
図1に定着ベルト(1) を使用した定着システムを示す。該定着ベルト(1) は加熱ローラ(2) および剥離ローラ(4) に懸架され、加圧ローラ(3) が該加熱ローラ(2) に対向して配置し該定着ベルト(1) に当接する。
未定着のトナー画像が形成された紙P等の画像支持体は、送りコンベア(7) より定着ベルト(1) と加圧ローラ(3) との間に搬送され、その間で加熱押圧されトナー画像が画像支持体に定着される。該画像支持体は引続きフィン付冷却部(5) により冷却され、冷却された画像支持体は、定着ベルト(1) の曲率が大きくなる剥離ローラ(4) の箇所において定着ベルト(1) から剥離される。なお加熱ローラ(2) とフィン付冷却部(5) との間には断熱部(6) が設けられており、加熱ローラ(2) による加熱およびフィン付冷却部(5) の冷却の双方が効率よく実施される。
【0016】
図2に定着ベルト(11)を使用した他の定着システムを示す。該定着ベルト(11)は駆動ロール(12)、被駆動ロール(13)、およびテンションロール(14)に懸架され、加熱ローラ(15)が圧接する。該定着ベルト(11)と加熱ローラ(15)とは等速回動してその間には送りロール(16)からトナー画像を転写した紙P等の画像支持体が送込まれ、トナー画像の定着が行なわれる。定着後、加熱ローラ(15)に付着したトナーはクリーニングロール(17)によって除去される。
【0017】
図3に定着ローラ(21)を使用した定着システムを示す。該定着ローラ(21)は加熱ローラ(22)と、加熱ローラ(22)に圧接する加圧ローラ(23)とからなり、送りコンベア(24)から等速回転する加熱ローラ(22)および加圧ローラ(23)間に送込まれた紙P等の画像支持体に転写されているトナー画像を構成するトナーを溶融して該トナー画像を画像支持体に定着する。定着後加熱ローラ(22)に付着したトナーはクリーニングロール(25)によって除去する。
【0018】
上記定着システムの定着部材に使用される基材としては、定着ローラの場合は円筒状の芯金あるいは該芯金を内挿した樹脂基材、定着ベルトの場合には樹脂基材が使用される。該樹脂基材を構成する原料樹脂としては、例えば、ポリアミドイミド樹脂(PAI)、ポリエーテルイミド樹脂(PEI)、ポリイミド樹脂(PI)等の公知の耐熱性樹脂が挙げられ、それぞれ単独でまたは混合して用いられ、あるいはポリマーアロイとして使用される。
【0019】
なお上記ゾル液を基材表面に塗布する方法としては、例えば、ディップコート、スプレーコート、ロールコート、フローコート等の公知の塗布方法が適用される。塗布工程は、1回のみ行っても複数回行っても良く、また該有機・無機ハイブリット被膜は1コートからなるものであってもよいし、複数コートからなるものであってもよい。
【0020】
加熱処理の条件は、80〜200℃×30分〜6時間であることが望ましい。焼成においては、100〜150℃の間で、一旦昇温を止め、一定温度で放置して溶剤の揮発や脱水縮合反応を進めることが望ましい。
【0021】
上記定着部材の基材上に形成される有機・無機ハイブリットゾル被膜の厚さは、定着ローラ(21)のように芯金上あるいは芯金を内挿した樹脂基材上に該被膜が直接弾性層として形成される場合には、通常、0.2〜40mmとされ、また定着ベルト(1,11)のように樹脂基材上に該被膜が薄膜として形成される場合には、通常、0.05〜100μmとされる。
【0022】
本発明のゾル液より得られる有機・無機ハイブリットゾル被膜は、上記画像形成装置の定着部材の表面層以外に、例えば、該画像形成装置の転写部材あるいは転写定着部材の表面層として使用されてもよい。該転写部材とは、該画像形成装置の感光体状に形成されたトナー画像を紙等の画像支持体に転写するために使用される中間転写ベルトまたは中間転写ドラムのことであり、該転写定着部材とは、転写と定着の両方を行う転写定着ベルトのことである。
【0023】
本発明の有機・無機ハイブリットゾル被膜の基材に対する密着性を向上せしめるために、該基材表面に、酸、アルカリ等の化学薬品による処理、プラズマ化して活性化した酸素やアルゴン等の活性ガスによる処理、プライマー処理等の処理を施してもよい。
【0024】
以下、本発明を実施例により具体的に説明する。なお本発明は実施例により限定されるものではない。
【0025】
〔実施例1〕
両末端シラノールポリジメチルシロキサン0.35モル、無水エタノール2.5モルの溶液に塩酸0.08モルを添加して、加熱攪拌し水分および低分子量成分を除去してA液とした。該A液のpHは2.5であった。
Tiイソプロポキシド1モル酢酸エチル1.5モルの溶液を調製しB液とした。
上記A液を攪拌しつゝB液を一気に投入してゾル液を調製した。
【0026】
ポリイミド樹脂およびカーボンブラックからなる導電性の樹脂ベルト基材(直径:300mm,長さ:330mm)を十分に洗浄した後、フローコートマシーンにセットし、該フローコートマシーンの吐出部を0.15mm/sec.の速さでトラバースさせ、該樹脂ベルト上に上記ゾル液を塗布した。その後、空気雰囲気下、200℃で0.5時間、300℃で0.2時間加熱し、厚さ80μmの有機・無機ハイブリット被膜を形成された中間転写ベルトを得た。
【0027】
このようにして得られた中間転写ベルトの表面の接触角、電気抵抗値(表面抵抗値、体積抵抗値)、表面硬度を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
【0028】
【表1】

Figure 2004210857
【0029】
また、得られた中間転写ベルトの表面に粘着テープ(住友3M社製,スコッチテープNo.600)を貼着した後、該粘着テープを瞬時に剥がしたところ、上記有機・無機ハイブリット皮膜の剥離は発生せず、該有機・無機ハイブリット皮膜の密着性は良好であった。
さらに、得られた中間転写ベルトを電子写真式複写機(富士ゼロックス社製)に組み込んだところ、オフセットやフィルミングの問題がなく、転写精度の高い高画質な画像が普通紙に形成された。
【0030】
〔比較例1〕
実施例1のA液を加熱処理により水分や低分子量成分を除去することなく金属アルコキシドを滴下した。滴下速度は、初期が0.05ml/分とする必要があった。それ以上の速度では、液に濁りが発生し、金属生成物を析出させてしまう。金属アルコキシドの滴下速度を遅くした結果、4時間にわたって滴下する必要があった。実施例1と同様にして、厚さ80μmの有機・無機ハイブリット被膜を形成した。
この被膜は実施例1の被膜に比べてトナー離型性に劣り、合成装置のスケールも大きく出来ないという課題を生じた。
【0031】
〔実施例2〕
両末端シラノールポリジメチルシロキサン(重量平均分子量6000、GE東芝シリコーン製YF3800)0.20モルと無溶剤アルコキシシラン(GE東芝シリコーン製XR31−0270)0.15モルを、無水エタノール2.0モル溶液に、更に氷酢酸0.03モルを添加し、加熱攪拌して水分および低分子量成分を除去しつゝ両末端シラノールポリジメチルシロキサン溶液を調製した。溶液のpHは3であった。
一方、チタンテトライソプロポキシド1モルとアセト酢酸エチル0.5モルとを窒素雰囲気下で反応させて、アセト酢酸エチルで化学修飾されたチタンテトライソプロポキシドを調製し、該チタンテトライソプロポキシドを上記両末端シラノールポリジメチルシロキサン溶液に滴下し、攪拌してゾル液を調製した。上記ゾル液に平均粒径50nmの窒化ホウ素粉末を添加した。添加量は該ゾル液中の有機・無機ハイブリットに対して10質量%とした。
得られたゾル液を、金属ロール基材上にフローコーターで塗布した。塗布後、空気雰囲気下、80℃で30分、120℃で30分、200℃で30分加熱し、ゾル液を加熱ゲル化処理させて厚さ0.6mmの有機−無機ハイブリット被膜が形成された定着ロールを得た。
得られた定着ロールの性能を評価した結果を表2に示す。
【0032】
【表2】
Figure 2004210857
【0033】
〔実施例3〕
両末端カルビトールポリジメチルシロキサン(重量平均分子量1500、信越化学製)0.25モル、無水エタノール2.0モルの溶液に、更に塩酸0.03モルを添加し、加熱攪拌してエタノールを還流させ、水分および低分子量成分を除去しつゝ両末端カルビトールポリジメチルシロキサン溶液を調製した。溶液のpHは2.0であった。
一方、ジルコニアブトキサイド1モルとアセト酢酸エチル0.5モルとを窒素雰囲気下で反応させて、アセト酢酸エチルで化学修飾されジルコニアブトキサイドを調製し、該ジルコニアブトキサイドを上記両末端カルビトールポリジメチルシロキサン溶液に滴下し、攪拌してゾル液を調製した。上記ゾル液に平均粒径2μmと50nmの窒化ホウ素粉末2種類を混合した後70質量%添加し、3本ロールミルを用いて混練りした。
得られたゾル液を、PFA製のシャーレに入れ、脱泡処理の後空気雰囲気下、80℃で30分、120℃で30分、250℃で30分加熱し、5mm厚の有機・無機ハイブリットシートを得た。上記ハイブリットシートは実施例1、実施例2と同様な性能を示した。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
本発明にあっては、ゾルゲル法を用いた有機・無機ハイブリット合成を量産可能な実用的手法に引き上げるとともに、電子写真印刷における高画質化対応を可能とする表面平滑性、表面離型性に優れた低硬度耐熱弾性材料を提供することが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】定着ベルトによる定着システムの説明図
【図2】定着ベルトによる定着システムの説明図
【図3】定着ローラによる定着システムの説明図
【符号の説明】
1,11 定着ベルト
21 定着ローラ[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a method for producing an organic / inorganic hybrid used as an elastic layer or a surface covering material of a fixing roller used for an electrophotographic copying machine or a printer, a surface covering material of an intermediate transfer belt or a fixing belt, and the like. The present invention relates to a roll member or a belt member used for an electrophotographic copying machine or printer using an inorganic hybrid.
[0002]
[Prior art]
An organic / inorganic hybrid synthesized by a sol-gel method from an organosilicon compound having a functional group capable of reacting with a metal alkoxide at both ends or one end and a metal alkoxide has a heat resistance of 200 ° C. or more and a low hardness. It is also excellent in water repellency due to the hydrophobic groups of the components. This material is useful, for example, as an elastic layer or a surface coating material of a fixing roller for an electrophotographic copying machine or printer, or a surface coating material of an intermediate transfer belt and a fixing belt.
The organic / inorganic hybrid material is generally produced by a method in which a metal alkoxide is reacted with a solution of the organosilicon compound to prepare an organic / inorganic hybrid sol solution, and the sol solution is heat-treated (for example, Patent Document 1).
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-222176
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the above-mentioned hybrid synthesis method by the sol-gel method, a metal alkoxide is dropped into a solution of the organosilicon compound to cause a reaction. In this case, since the compatibility is poor in a stock solution, generally, the organosilicon compound and the metal alkoxide are mixed. A co-solvent compatible with both is added. However, even if this co-solvent is used, depending on the organosilicon compound used, a slight amount of water or the like causes turbidity in the liquid, making it impossible to perform a homogeneous reaction. Further, if water is present in the reaction solution, the water causes a hydrolysis and polycondensation reaction of the metal alkoxide to cause precipitation of a metal component, and since the metal component has a reaction activity, it interferes with an organic / inorganic hybrid synthesis reaction. And hinders the successful production of organic and inorganic hybrids.
Generally, the metal alkoxide is pretreated by chemical modification with an ester compound or the like in order to suppress the reaction activity of the metal component. However, the use of such auxiliary materials causes the incorporation of moisture and the like, which not only makes long-term storage difficult, but also lowers the homogeneity of the hybrid membrane and the like. Further, as described above, since the compatibility between the metal alkoxide and the organosilicon compound is poor, it is necessary to sufficiently reduce the dropping rate of the metal alkoxide during the synthesis. However, if the dropping rate is made sufficiently slow, the time required for the synthesis increases, and gelation proceeds during the reaction, which has been an obstacle to mass production by scale-up.
Furthermore, organosilicon compounds contain low molecular weight components, and if such low molecular weight components remain in the synthesized organic / inorganic hybrid, bleed-out and stickiness will occur from the organic / inorganic hybrid material. In addition, there is a problem that the mechanical properties of the elastic layer are adversely affected, and low molecular components are emitted as a gas during use.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention, as a means for solving the above problems, to remove water and low molecular weight components by heat-treating an organosilicon compound solution having a functional group capable of reacting with a metal alkoxide at both ends or one end, and If desired, heat treatment of the organosilicon compound solution is carried out in the presence of an acid and / or a base to modify the organosilicon compound to improve compatibility with the metal alkoxide, and to further remove water and low molecular weight components. By removing the metal alkoxide, the precipitation of the metal alkoxide by hydrolysis and polycondensation is suppressed, the degree of freedom of the compounding conditions is increased, and the synthesis of organic and inorganic hybrids is enabled smoothly, and mass production by scale-up is enabled. A method for producing an organic / inorganic hybrid by a sol-gel method is provided. Roll member used in an electrophotographic copying machine or printer in which an elastic layer or coating composed of an organic / inorganic hybrid obtained by applying a polymer onto a base material such as a metal shaft or a resin belt and performing a heat treatment is formed. Alternatively, a belt member is provided.
[0006]
[Action]
If the organosilicon compound solution having a functional group capable of reacting with the metal alkoxide at both ends or one end is subjected to heat treatment to remove water and low molecular weight components, the metal alkoxide is dropped into the solution when the metal alkoxide is dropped into the solution. Decomposition and polycondensation reaction due to moisture and the like can be suppressed from being precipitated in the sol and becoming cloudy. Therefore, the dropping rate of the metal alkoxide can be increased as compared with the conventional sol-gel method.
Further, during the above heat treatment, if the organosilicon compound is modified to improve the compatibility with the metal alkoxide by allowing an acid and / or a base to be present in the organosilicon compound, the decomposition and heavy weight of the metal alkoxide are further increased. The condensation reaction can be suppressed, and the addition rate of the metal alkoxide can be further increased (about 20 times as compared with the conventional sol-gel method).
Further, since the obtained material composed of an organic / inorganic hybrid hardly contains a low molecular weight component, the occurrence of bleeding is suppressed, the stickiness is reduced, and the mechanical properties are improved. Also, when a chemical modifier or a co-solvent is used, the amount used can be reduced, and the shrinkage rate is reduced, so that moldability and shape stability are also improved. Also, in the storage of the sol, long-term storage is possible because the ratio of reactive components is low.
The present invention will be described in detail below.
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
(Metal alkoxide)
Examples of the metal type of the metal alkoxide used in the present invention include boron, aluminum, silicon, titanium, vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, zinc, germanium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, lanthanum, cerium, cadmium, tantalum, and tungsten. Metals capable of forming alkoxides, such as, for example, are mentioned, and particularly desirable metals are titanium, zirconium, silicon and aluminum.
The type of the alkoxide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include methoxide, ethoxide, propoxide, and butoxide.
Preferably, the metal alkoxide is chemically modified with a chemical modifier such as acetoacetate such as methyl acetoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, and isopropyl acetoacetate.
[0008]
(Organic silicon compound)
Examples of the organosilicon compound having a functional group capable of reacting with a metal alkoxide at both terminals or one terminal of the present invention include, for example, dialkyldialkoxysilanes, preferably polyorganosiloxanes such as silanol polydimethylsiloxane at both terminals or one terminal. Can be used.
Examples of the dialkyldialkoxysilane include, for example, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, dimethyldipropoxysilane, dimethyldibutoxysilane, diethyldimethoxysilane, diethyldiethoxysilane, diethyldipropoxysilane, diethyldibutoxysilane, dipropyl Examples include dimethoxysilane, dipropyldiethoxysilane, dipropyldipropoxysilane, dipropyldibutoxysilane, diphenyldimethoxysilane, diphenyldiethoxysilane, diphenyldipropoxysilane, diphenyldibutoxysilane, and the like.
The polyorganosiloxane generally has a weight average molecular weight in the range of 400 to 20,000, but preferably has a weight average molecular weight in the range of 5,000 to 10,000 in view of heat resistance and ease of gelation.
The polyorganosiloxane preferably has a functional group such as a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, or an epoxy group at both terminals or one terminal. The polyorganosiloxane having such a functional group easily reacts with the metal alkoxide easily.
The organosilicon compound is provided as a solution of, for example, various alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, as well as hexane, acetone, toluene, xylene, and tetrahydrofuran.
[0009]
(Preparation of organic / inorganic hybrid sol liquid)
To prepare the organic / inorganic hybrid sol solution, a desired metal alkoxide is reacted with an organosilicon compound having a functional group capable of reacting with the metal alkoxide at both ends or at one end, and an organic / inorganic hybrid sol solution is prepared. Is prepared.
Specifically, the metal alkoxide or, if desired, the metal alkoxide modified with the chemical modifying agent is dropped into the organosilicon compound solution. Heat treatment is performed to remove molecular weight components. By removing water, when a metal alkoxide is added to the organosilicon compound solution, hydrolysis and polycondensation due to residual moisture of the metal alkoxide can be prevented, and the addition rate of the metal alkoxide is increased to shorten the organic / inorganic hybrid synthesis. It can be carried out in a short time, and problems such as stickiness of organic / inorganic hybrids due to residual low molecular weight components and deterioration of mechanical strength can be effectively eliminated.
[0010]
In the heat treatment, it is desirable that the organosilicon compound solution is subjected to an acid treatment by adding hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid or the like, or a base treatment by adding ammonia or the like. The acid or base is usually added to the organosilicon compound solution so that the pH of the organosilicon compound solution is in the range of 1 to 12. The organosilicon compound is modified by the above acid or base treatment, the compatibility with the metal alkoxide is improved, the decomposition / polycondensation reaction of the metal alkoxide can be further suppressed, and the addition rate of the metal alkoxide can be further increased. .
[0011]
When the metal alkoxide added to the organosilicon compound solution is chemically modified with a chemical modifying agent, in the present invention, since the organosilicon compound solution has been subjected to heat treatment to remove water, the amount of the chemical modifying agent to be added is lower than in the prior art. The chemical modifier is used in an amount of 1.5 mol or less, preferably 0.5 mol or more, per 1 mol of the metal alkoxide.
[0012]
The amount of the metal alkoxide to be added to the organosilicon compound is usually in the range of 3:90 to 70:30 by mass. It is desirable that the organosilicon compound is about 80% by volume based on the metal alkoxide. If the metal component is more than the above ratio, the metal component forms agglomerates, swells and pores are formed in the obtained organic / inorganic hybrid material, and if the amount of the organosilicon compound is large, tack occurs on the surface of the material. There is fear.
[0013]
To the organic / inorganic hybrid sol liquid, if desired, for example, a good heat conductive powder such as alumina, titanium oxide, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, and silica, and a conductive powder such as graphite and carbon black may be added. . The particle size of the good heat conductive material powder is usually about 50 nm to 30 μm. The above powder is added to the organic / inorganic hybrid sol solution, and is usually added in an amount of about 5 to 95% by mass based on the organic / inorganic hybrid material. Such a material made of an organic / inorganic hybrid to which a good heat conductive material is added has good heat dissipation, and is suitable as a material for insulation and heat dissipation members of electronic equipment, electrophotographic copying machines, printers, and the like. Further, a filler such as an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a preservative, and a viscosity modifier may be added to the sol solution.
The organic / inorganic hybrid sol solution obtained as described above is a sol solution having a long pot life without becoming cloudy.
[0014]
The sol liquid is applied to a desired base material surface, and then heat-treated to form an organic / inorganic hybrid elastic layer or coating. Alternatively, it can be formed into a sheet shape or an elastic layer having a constant film thickness by a mold or the like.
The organic-inorganic hybrid elastic layer or coating has excellent surface smoothness, and when applied to a roll member or a belt member for an electrophotographic copying machine or printer, a high-quality image having gloss can be obtained. In addition, due to the characteristics of the hydrophobic group of the organic component, the toner has excellent releasability. Therefore, the elastic layer or the coating is useful as a surface layer of a fixing member used in a fixing system of an image forming apparatus such as an electrophotographic copying machine or a printer.
The fixing system is a system for fixing an unfixed toner image transferred to an image support such as paper in the image forming apparatus to the image support by heating and pressing, and the fixing member. Are a fixing belt (1, 11) and a fixing roller (21) used in the fixing system.
[0015]
Here, a fixing system using the fixing belts (1, 11) and the fixing roller (21) will be described.
FIG. 1 shows a fixing system using a fixing belt (1). The fixing belt (1) is suspended by a heating roller (2) and a peeling roller (4), and a pressure roller (3) is arranged to face the heating roller (2) and abuts on the fixing belt (1). .
An image support, such as paper P, on which an unfixed toner image is formed is conveyed between a fixing belt (1) and a pressure roller (3) from a feed conveyor (7), and is heated and pressed therebetween to form a toner image. Is fixed to the image support. The image support is subsequently cooled by the finned cooling section (5), and the cooled image support is separated from the fixing belt (1) at the position of the peeling roller (4) where the curvature of the fixing belt (1) becomes large. Is done. A heat insulating section (6) is provided between the heating roller (2) and the finned cooling section (5), and both heating by the heating roller (2) and cooling of the finned cooling section (5) are provided. Implemented efficiently.
[0016]
FIG. 2 shows another fixing system using the fixing belt (11). The fixing belt (11) is suspended around a driving roll (12), a driven roll (13), and a tension roll (14), and a heating roller (15) is brought into pressure contact therewith. The fixing belt (11) and the heating roller (15) rotate at a constant speed, and an image support such as paper P on which a toner image has been transferred is fed from a feed roll (16) between the fixing belt (11) and the heating roller (15). Is performed. After the fixing, the toner adhered to the heating roller (15) is removed by the cleaning roll (17).
[0017]
FIG. 3 shows a fixing system using the fixing roller (21). The fixing roller (21) is composed of a heating roller (22) and a pressure roller (23) that is in pressure contact with the heating roller (22), and a heating roller (22) that rotates at a constant speed from a feed conveyor (24) and a pressure roller. The toner constituting the toner image transferred to the image support such as the paper P sent between the rollers (23) is melted and the toner image is fixed on the image support. After the fixing, the toner adhered to the heating roller (22) is removed by a cleaning roll (25).
[0018]
As the base material used for the fixing member of the fixing system, a cylindrical core metal or a resin base material in which the core metal is inserted in the case of a fixing roller, and a resin base material in the case of a fixing belt. . Examples of the raw material resin constituting the resin base include known heat-resistant resins such as polyamide imide resin (PAI), polyether imide resin (PEI), and polyimide resin (PI). Or used as a polymer alloy.
[0019]
As a method for applying the sol liquid on the surface of the substrate, for example, a known coating method such as dip coating, spray coating, roll coating, and flow coating is applied. The coating step may be performed only once or a plurality of times, and the organic / inorganic hybrid film may be composed of one coat or may be composed of a plurality of coats.
[0020]
The condition of the heat treatment is desirably 80 to 200 ° C. × 30 minutes to 6 hours. In calcination, it is desirable to temporarily stop raising the temperature between 100 ° C. and 150 ° C. and leave it at a constant temperature to advance the solvent volatilization and dehydration condensation reaction.
[0021]
The thickness of the organic / inorganic hybrid sol film formed on the substrate of the fixing member is such that the film is directly elastic on the core metal or on a resin substrate in which the core metal is inserted as in the fixing roller (21). When it is formed as a layer, the thickness is usually 0.2 to 40 mm. When the coating is formed as a thin film on a resin base material such as the fixing belt (1,11), it is usually 0 to 40 mm. 0.05 to 100 μm.
[0022]
The organic / inorganic hybrid sol film obtained from the sol solution of the present invention may be used as a surface layer of a transfer member or a transfer fixing member of the image forming apparatus, in addition to the surface layer of the fixing member of the image forming apparatus. Good. The transfer member refers to an intermediate transfer belt or an intermediate transfer drum used for transferring a toner image formed in a photosensitive member of the image forming apparatus to an image support such as paper. The member is a transfer and fixing belt that performs both transfer and fixing.
[0023]
In order to improve the adhesion of the organic / inorganic hybrid sol coating of the present invention to the substrate, the surface of the substrate is treated with a chemical such as acid or alkali, and an activated gas such as oxygen or argon activated by plasma. , A primer treatment or the like.
[0024]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to examples. The present invention is not limited by the embodiments.
[0025]
[Example 1]
0.08 mol of hydrochloric acid was added to a solution of 0.35 mol of silanol polydimethylsiloxane at both ends and 2.5 mol of anhydrous ethanol, and the mixture was heated and stirred to remove water and low molecular weight components to obtain a liquid A. The pH of the solution A was 2.5.
A solution of Ti isopropoxide 1 mol 1.5 mol ethyl acetate was prepared and used as solution B.
The solution A was stirred and the solution B was added at once to prepare a sol solution.
[0026]
After sufficiently washing a conductive resin belt base material (diameter: 300 mm, length: 330 mm) made of a polyimide resin and carbon black, it is set on a flow coat machine, and the discharge portion of the flow coat machine is set at 0.15 mm / The sol solution was applied on the resin belt by traversing at a speed of sec. Thereafter, the mixture was heated in an air atmosphere at 200 ° C. for 0.5 hour and at 300 ° C. for 0.2 hour to obtain an intermediate transfer belt having an organic / inorganic hybrid film having a thickness of 80 μm.
[0027]
The contact angle, electric resistance (surface resistance, volume resistance), and surface hardness of the surface of the intermediate transfer belt thus obtained were measured. Table 1 shows the results.
[0028]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004210857
[0029]
After an adhesive tape (Sumitomo 3M, Scotch Tape No. 600) was attached to the surface of the obtained intermediate transfer belt, and the adhesive tape was instantaneously peeled off, the organic / inorganic hybrid film was peeled off. No adhesion occurred, and the adhesion of the organic / inorganic hybrid film was good.
Further, when the obtained intermediate transfer belt was incorporated in an electrophotographic copying machine (manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.), a high-quality image with high transfer accuracy and high transfer quality was formed on plain paper without any problem of offset or filming.
[0030]
[Comparative Example 1]
The metal alkoxide was added dropwise to the solution A of Example 1 without removing moisture and low molecular weight components by heat treatment. The initial dropping speed had to be 0.05 ml / min. At higher speeds, the liquid becomes turbid and precipitates metal products. As a result of slowing down the dropping rate of the metal alkoxide, it was necessary to drop it over 4 hours. An organic / inorganic hybrid film having a thickness of 80 μm was formed in the same manner as in Example 1.
This coating film was inferior in the toner releasability as compared with the coating film of Example 1, and caused a problem that the scale of the synthesis device could not be increased.
[0031]
[Example 2]
0.20 mol of silanol polydimethylsiloxane at both ends (weight average molecular weight: 6000, YF3800 manufactured by GE Toshiba Silicone) and 0.15 mol of non-solvent alkoxysilane (XR31-0270 manufactured by GE Toshiba Silicone) were added to a 2.0 mol solution of anhydrous ethanol. Further, 0.03 mol of glacial acetic acid was added, and the mixture was heated and stirred to remove water and low molecular weight components. Thus, a solution of polydimethylsiloxane having silanol at both ends was prepared. The pH of the solution was 3.
On the other hand, 1 mol of titanium tetraisopropoxide is reacted with 0.5 mol of ethyl acetoacetate under a nitrogen atmosphere to prepare titanium tetraisopropoxide chemically modified with ethyl acetoacetate. Was dropped into the above-mentioned silanol polydimethylsiloxane solution at both ends and stirred to prepare a sol solution. A boron nitride powder having an average particle diameter of 50 nm was added to the sol. The addition amount was 10% by mass with respect to the organic / inorganic hybrid in the sol solution.
The obtained sol solution was applied on a metal roll substrate by a flow coater. After the application, the sol is heated at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes, 120 ° C. for 30 minutes, and 200 ° C. for 30 minutes in an air atmosphere, and the sol is heated to gel to form an organic-inorganic hybrid film having a thickness of 0.6 mm. A fixing roll was obtained.
Table 2 shows the results of evaluating the performance of the obtained fixing roll.
[0032]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004210857
[0033]
[Example 3]
To a solution of 0.25 mol of carbitol polydimethylsiloxane at both ends (weight average molecular weight 1500, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 2.0 mol of absolute ethanol, 0.03 mol of hydrochloric acid is further added, and the mixture is heated and stirred to reflux the ethanol. A water- and low-molecular-weight component was removed to prepare a carbitol polydimethylsiloxane solution at both ends. The pH of the solution was 2.0.
On the other hand, 1 mol of zirconia butoxide and 0.5 mol of ethyl acetoacetate are reacted under a nitrogen atmosphere to prepare zirconia butoxide chemically modified with ethyl acetoacetate. The solution was dropped into the carbitol polydimethylsiloxane solution and stirred to prepare a sol solution. Two types of boron nitride powder having an average particle size of 2 μm and 50 nm were mixed with the above sol solution, added at 70% by mass, and kneaded using a three-roll mill.
The obtained sol solution is placed in a PFA petri dish, and after defoaming, heated in an air atmosphere at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes, at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes, and at 250 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a 5 mm-thick organic / inorganic hybrid. I got a sheet. The above-mentioned hybrid sheet showed the same performance as in Examples 1 and 2.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, the organic / inorganic hybrid synthesis using the sol-gel method has been raised to a practical method that can be mass-produced, and it has excellent surface smoothness and surface releasability that enable high image quality in electrophotographic printing. It is also possible to provide a low-hardness heat-resistant elastic material.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a fixing system using a fixing belt. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a fixing system using a fixing belt. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a fixing system using a fixing roller.
1,11 Fixing belt
21 Fixing roller

Claims (5)

両末端または片末端に金属アルコキシドと反応可能な官能基を有する有機ケイ素化合物溶液を加熱処理して水分および低分子量成分を除去すること、
加熱処理した該有機ケイ素化合物溶液に金属アルコキシドを滴下して有機・無機ハイブリットゾル液を調製すること、
該ゾル液を加熱ゲル化すること、
以上からなる有機・無機ハイブリットの製造方法。
Heat-treating an organic silicon compound solution having a functional group capable of reacting with a metal alkoxide at both ends or one end to remove water and low molecular weight components,
Preparing an organic-inorganic hybrid sol solution by dropping a metal alkoxide into the heat-treated organosilicon compound solution,
Heating the sol liquid to gel,
A method for producing an organic / inorganic hybrid comprising the above.
該有機ケイ素化合物は酸および/または塩基の存在下に加熱処理される請求項1に記載の有機・無機ハイブリットの製造方法。The method for producing an organic-inorganic hybrid according to claim 1, wherein the organosilicon compound is heat-treated in the presence of an acid and / or a base. 該金属アルコキシド1モルに対してアセト酢酸エステルを1.5モル以下の量で添加することによって該金属アルコキシドが化学修飾されている請求項1または2に記載の有機・無機ハイブリットの製造方法。The method for producing an organic-inorganic hybrid according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the metal alkoxide is chemically modified by adding 1.5 mol or less of acetoacetic ester to 1 mol of the metal alkoxide. 該請求項1〜3に記載のゾル液を金属シャフト上に塗布し、加熱処理することによって有機・無機ハイブリットからなる弾性層を形成したことを特徴とする電子写真方式の複写機またはプリンター用ロール部材。An electrophotographic copying machine or printer roll, wherein the sol liquid according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is applied on a metal shaft and subjected to a heat treatment to form an elastic layer comprising an organic / inorganic hybrid. Element. 該請求項1〜3に記載のゾル液を樹脂ベルト基材に塗布し、加熱処理することによって有機・無機ハイブリットからなる被膜を形成したことを特徴とする電子写真方式の複写機またはプリンター用ベルト部材。4. A belt for an electrophotographic copying machine or printer, wherein a coating comprising an organic / inorganic hybrid is formed by applying the sol liquid according to claim 1 to a resin belt base material and performing a heat treatment. Element.
JP2002379491A 2002-12-27 2002-12-27 Manufacturing method of organic / inorganic hybrid, and manufacturing method of roll member and belt member for electrophotographic copying machine or printer Expired - Fee Related JP4121077B2 (en)

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