JP2004209372A - Heavy metal elution inhibitor and heavy metal elution inhibiting method - Google Patents

Heavy metal elution inhibitor and heavy metal elution inhibiting method Download PDF

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JP2004209372A
JP2004209372A JP2002381446A JP2002381446A JP2004209372A JP 2004209372 A JP2004209372 A JP 2004209372A JP 2002381446 A JP2002381446 A JP 2002381446A JP 2002381446 A JP2002381446 A JP 2002381446A JP 2004209372 A JP2004209372 A JP 2004209372A
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Prior art keywords
heavy metal
metal elution
elution inhibitor
heavy metals
sulfate
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Norio Makita
則夫 槙田
Kojiro Yanagisawa
浩次郎 柳澤
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Ebara Corp
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Ebara Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heavy metal elution inhibitor and a heavy metal elution inhibiting method in which heavy metals containing hexavalent chromium, arsenic, and selenium which are hardly immobilized sufficiently with a known chelating agent can be immobilized. <P>SOLUTION: The heavy metal elution inhibitor contains at least one kind of reducing agent to be selected from ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride, sodium sulfite and potassium sulfite, at least one kind of coagulant to be selected from poly-iron-sulfate and sulfuric band, and water. In addition, elution of heavy metals from a stuff to be treated is inhibited by kneading the heavy metal elution inhibitor with the stuff containing heavy metals. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、都市ゴミや産業廃棄物等の焼却プラントなどから排出される焼却飛灰や溶融飛灰、建設廃材のような産業廃棄物を処理する技術に関し、特に、これらに含有される鉛、水銀、クロム、カドミウム、砒素及びセレンなどの有害な重金属の溶出を抑制する技術に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
産業廃棄物や都市ゴミの焼却処理の際に発生する焼却飛灰や溶融飛灰は、最終的には埋め立て処理されるが、これらの焼却飛灰は重金属類を含有しているので、埋め立て処理を行った後に雨水などによって重金属類が溶出しないように固定化しなければならない。この焼却飛灰の固定化処理に関しては、「セメント固化法」、「酸その他の溶剤による抽出法」、「溶融固定化法」、「薬剤添加法」のいずれかの処理を行うことが義務づけられている。
【0003】
「セメント固化法」とは、飛灰をセメントと混合し、さらに少量の水を添加した後、混練して固化する方法である。この方法は、セメントの強アルカリ性による重金属イオンの不溶出化、セメントゲル生成による物理的封じ込め作用を利用するものである。
【0004】
「酸その他の溶剤による抽出法」とは、飛灰に水、酸を添加し、酸性溶液中で十分撹拌して重金属を抽出し、溶液中の重金属を薬剤により硫化物等として沈殿除去し、脱水する方法である。
【0005】
「溶融固定化法」とは、廃棄物をその融点以上(1300℃〜1500℃)の温度で加熱処理し、ガラス状のスラグとして回収する方法である。この方法は、重金属類がガラスのマトリックス中に封じ込められる物理的封じ込め作用を利用するものである。
【0006】
「薬剤添加法」とは、廃棄物を薬剤(主に液体キレート剤)と混合し、さらに少量の水を添加した後、混練する方法である。この方法は、キレート剤の作用により重金属類が不溶性の化合物になることを利用するものである。この目的で用いることのできる薬剤としては、重金属類と複塩を形成して水に不溶性の安定な固定化物を形成するリン酸塩、珪酸塩、炭酸塩、重炭酸塩などの無機系重金属固定化剤、重金属類と硫化物を形成して水に不溶性の安定な固定化物を形成する硫黄系重金属固定化剤、重金属類とキレート化合物を形成して水に不溶性の安定な固定化物を形成する有機液体キレート系重金属固定化剤などが挙げられる。混練物は、造粒機又は成型機でペレット状、粒状の固形物に成形されて埋め立て処理されるのが一般的である。
【0007】
ところで、排ガス処理の一部である煤塵対策として、電気集塵機(EP)又はバグフィルター捕集(BF)等により飛灰が捕集されるが、別途排ガス処理として行われるダイオキシン対策や塩化水素対策が飛灰処理に影響を与える場合がある。
【0008】
ダイオキシン対策としては、煙道に粉末活性体を噴霧することが行われているが、これは重金属類固定のために必要なキレート薬剤の添加量を増加させる、という問題がある。
【0009】
塩化水素対策としては、煙道に消石灰(Ca(OH))を吹き込む酸性ガスの乾式処理や、排ガスにアルカリ性水溶液を接触させて排ガス中の酸性ガスを捕捉する酸性ガスの湿式処理などが行われている。酸性ガスの乾式処理の場合には、未反応成分の消石灰が煤塵と共にバグフィルターに捕集され、結果的に得られる処理飛灰が高アルカリ性になり、重金属類の溶出量を増加させてしまう、という問題がある。酸性ガスの湿式処理の場合には、処理飛灰が中性あるいは弱酸性を示し、カドミウムが溶出してしまう、という問題がある。
【0010】
そこで、鉛やカドミウムの固定化のために、水溶性ホスフェートと水酸化カルシウムとを作用させるリン酸処理法が知られている。しかし、このリン酸処理法は、六価クロム、砒素、セレンなどの固定化を考慮していない。
【0011】
また、重金属含有灰に、水、第一鉄化合物及びリン酸系重金属固定化剤を加えて混練する方法が知られている。この方法では、第一鉄化合物により六価クロムが還元され、見かけ上六価クロムは減少する。しかし、三価クロムが再び酸化されて六価クロムに戻る可能性があり、六価クロムの固定化は完全ではない。
【0012】
【特許文献1】
特開平8−99075号公報
【0013】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、従来のキレート剤では十分な固定化が困難であった六価クロム、砒素、セレンを含む重金属類を固定化することができる重金属類溶出抑制剤及び重金属類溶出抑制方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0014】
また本発明の別の目的は、調製が容易で、保存中に品質が劣化しにくく、取り扱いが容易な重金属類溶出抑制剤及び該重金属類溶出抑制剤を用いる重金属類溶出抑制方法を提供することにある。
【0015】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明によれば、焼却飛灰や建設廃材などの産業廃棄物(以後、「被処理物」と称す)中に含まれる重金属類、特に、鉛、カドミウム、六価クロム、砒素、セレンを固定化し、これら重金属類の溶出を抑制することができる重金属類溶出抑制剤及び重金属類溶出抑制方法が提供される。
【0016】
本発明の重金属類溶出抑制剤は、少なくとも鉛、カドミウム、六価クロム、砒素及びセレンを還元することができる還元剤と、還元されたこれら重金属を凝集沈殿させて不溶化することができる凝集剤と、を含み、重金属類の溶出を抑制するものである。
【0017】
具体的には、本発明の重金属類溶出抑制剤は、硫酸第一鉄、塩化第一鉄、亜硫酸ナトリウム及び亜硫酸カリウムから選択される1種以上の還元剤と、ポリ硫酸鉄及び硫酸バンドから選択される1種以上の凝集剤と、水と、を含む。より好ましくは、本発明の重金属類溶出抑制剤は、硫酸第一鉄とポリ硫酸鉄と水とを含む組み合わせ、亜硫酸ナトリウムとポリ硫酸鉄と水とを含む組み合わせ、亜硫酸カリウムとポリ硫酸鉄と水とを含む組み合わせ、を含む。
【0018】
本発明の重金属類溶出抑制剤は、還元剤として、硫酸第一鉄、塩化第一鉄、亜硫酸ナトリウム及び亜硫酸カリウムから選択されるものを用いることにより、六価クロム、砒素、セレンなどの重金属類について凝集効果が増加するため、これらを効率よく固体として分離することができ、六価クロム、砒素及びセレンの溶出を効果的に抑制することができる。また、凝集剤と組み合わせることで、鉛や六価クロムなどの還元剤だけではその溶出を抑制できない重金属類の溶出をも効果的に抑制することができる。特に、還元剤と凝集剤との組み合わせにより、三価に還元されたクロムを固体として分離することができるので、六価クロムに再び酸化して戻ることを防止することができる。
【0019】
また、凝集剤として、液状で取り扱いが容易なポリ硫酸鉄や硫酸バンドを用いることにより、本発明の重金属類溶出抑制剤の調製や取り扱いが容易となる。さらに、本発明で用いることができる還元剤は固体であり、凝集剤は液体であるから、凝集剤に還元剤を溶解した場合、還元剤の濃度が制限される。そこで水を含むことにより、還元剤の濃度を調節することができ、一剤として用いることができるので、設備面でも単純化できる。
【0020】
特に、本発明の重金属類溶出抑制剤は、Fe2+とFe3+との合計として1.0〜11.0wt%のFeを含むことが好ましい。より好ましくは、Fe2+とFe3+との合計として1.0〜11.0wt%のFeを含み且つFe2+として0〜7.0wt%、Fe3+として0〜9.2wt%を含む。Fe含有量が上記範囲よりも少ない場合には、鉄による共沈効果が低く、凝集剤による重金属の不溶化効果が不充分となり、上記範囲よりも多い場合には、薬剤成分の沈殿が生じ、性能が低下するだけでなく、実機で用いた場合、配管の詰まりが生じるなどの弊害があり、好ましくない。よって、凝集剤として硫酸バンドを含む場合には、還元剤として少なくとも硫酸第一鉄又は塩化第一鉄を含むことが好ましい。
【0021】
特に、本発明の重金属類溶出抑制剤は、前記還元剤1〜20wt%と、前記凝集剤1〜90wt%と、前記水10〜98wt%と、を含むことが好ましい。より好ましくは、前記還元剤2〜16wt%と、前記凝集剤15〜85wt%と、前記水10〜70wt%と、を含む。還元剤、凝集剤及び水が上記範囲内にある場合には、還元剤あるいは凝集剤としての効果を損なわず、時間の経過に伴う性状の変化(沈殿の生成など)や、品質の劣化が生じることがない。
【0022】
本発明の重金属類溶出抑制剤は、上述の成分の他に、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム及び亜硫酸水素カリウムなどの還元剤及び/又は水酸化カルシウム、酸化カルシウム、塩化第二鉄などの凝集剤をさらに含むこともできる。この場合、追加の還元剤の含有量は1〜20wt%が好ましく、1〜10wt%がより好ましい。また、追加の凝集剤の含有量は1〜20wt%が好ましく、1〜10wt%がより好ましい。
【0023】
本発明の重金属類溶出抑制剤は、鉛やカドミウムなどの他の重金属類だけでなく、六価クロム、砒素及びセレンの溶出をも良好に抑制することができる。
また、本発明によれば、重金属類を含有する被処理物に、上述の重金属類溶出抑制剤を混練させることを含む重金属類溶出抑制方法が提供される。
【0024】
本方法により処理することができる重金属類としては、鉛、水銀、クロム、カドミウム、亜鉛、銅、ニッケル、砒素、セレンなどを挙げることができる。特に、六価クロム、砒素及びセレンは、還元剤による還元の結果、凝集剤による凝集作用を受けやすくなり、良好に溶出が抑制される。
【0025】
本方法において、本発明の重金属類溶出抑制剤の使用量は、被処理物中の重金属の含有量や重金属の形態により異なり特に限定されるものではないが、通常、被処理物100重量部に対して、本発明の重金属類溶出抑制剤5〜50重量部を混練することが好ましい。より好ましくは、被処理物100重量部に対して、本発明の重金属類溶出抑制剤5〜40重量部、さらに好ましくは10〜30重量部を混練する。被処理物と本発明の重金属類溶出抑制剤をこの範囲内で混練することにより、鉛や六価クロムのような還元剤だけでは固定化処理が不完全な重金属も良好に固定化処理を行うことができる。
【0026】
また、本方法においては、被処理物100重量部に対して、水(以下、「混練水」と称す)5〜50重量部、より好ましくは5〜40重量部、さらに好ましくは10〜30重量部を用いて、被処理物と本発明の重金属類溶出抑制剤とを混練させることが好ましい。混練水の添加量が被処理物100重量部に対して、5重量部よりも少ない場合には重金属類溶出抑制剤との混練を十分に行うことができず、50重量部を越える場合には得られる飛灰が液状となり廃棄処理が困難となるので、好ましくない。
【0027】
本方法において、重金属類溶出抑制剤と被処理物との混練方法は、特に限定されず、通常の態様で混練することができる。例えば、被処理物を混練水により混練させた後、本発明の重金属類溶出抑制剤(水溶液)を添加する態様や、被処理物に本発明の重金属類溶出抑制剤(水溶液)を添加した後に、混練水を添加して混練する態様などを好ましく採用することができる。また、混練は、通常の混練装置、例えば、振動式ミキサー、パン型造粒式ミキサー、二軸型ベンチニーダ式ミキサーなどを用いて行うことができる。
【0028】
本方法により、例えば、産業廃棄物焼却プラントから排出される飛灰を処理する場合には、まず、焼却飛灰や溶融飛灰(以下、「飛灰」という)をバグフィルターや電気集塵機などで捕集した後、払い落としにより貯留槽に貯留する。貯留槽から飛灰を混練機に供給するとともに、本発明の重金属類溶出抑制剤、混練水及びセメントを混練機に供給し、これらを混練機内で混練する。混練後、飛灰と重金属溶出抑制剤と混練水とセメントとの混練物を球状、円柱状(直径2cm、高さ5cm程度)あるいは塊状に成形し、埋め立て処分する。
【0029】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、実施例により本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
【0030】
調製例1 重金属類溶出抑制剤の調製
下記表1に示す本発明の重金属類溶出抑制剤6種類と、対照A及びBを調製した。ポリ硫酸鉄としては、日鉄鉱業(株)製「ポリ鉄」を用い、硫酸バンドとしては、大明化学工業(株)製「液体硫酸アルミニウム」(8%濃度品)を用いた。硫酸第一鉄7水和物、塩化第一鉄4水和物、亜硫酸ナトリウム及び亜硫酸カリウムは、いずれも和光純薬工業(株)製特級試薬を用いた。
【0031】
【表1】

Figure 2004209372
【0032】
実施例1〜12
バグフィルタ灰(以下、「BF灰」と称す)(Pb=6800mg/kg、Cd=180mg/kg、Cr=810mg/kg、As=150mg/kg、Se=52mg/kg)100重量部に対し、普通セメント(太平洋セメント(株)製普通ポルトランドセメント)10重量部を加えて混合した後、水30重量部と、調製例で調製した本発明の重金属類溶出抑制剤No.1〜No.6を10重量部又は20重量部と、を添加して、金属へらを用いてポリエチレンのカップ中で5分間の混練を行った。1日間、養生した後、環境庁告示第13号法に準拠して重金属類の溶出試験を行った。鉛、カドミウム、六価クロム、砒素、セレンの溶出濃度及び溶出液のpH値の測定結果を下記表2に示す。
【0033】
比較例1〜5
実施例1〜12で用いたと同じBF灰に対して、薬剤を添加しない場合(比較例1)、調製例で調製した対照Aで処理した場合(比較例2)、調製例で調製した対照Bで処理した場合(比較例3)、調製例で調製した対照Cで処理した場合(比較例4)及び調製例で調製した対照Dで処理した場合(比較例5)について、実施例1〜12と同様に、重金属の溶出試験を行った。鉛、カドミウム、六価クロム、砒素、セレンの溶出濃度及び溶出液のpH値の測定結果を下記表2に示す。
【0034】
【表2】
Figure 2004209372
【0035】
表2に示す結果から明らかなように、本発明の重金属類溶出抑制剤(実施例1〜12)は、鉛、カドミウム、六価クロム、砒素、セレンの溶出を良好に抑制する。一方、還元剤だけを用いた場合(比較例2及び3)では鉛及び六価クロムの溶出を抑制できず、凝集剤だけを用いた場合(比較例4及び5)では六価クロム、砒素及びセレンの溶出抑制は十分でなかった。
【0036】
【発明の効果】
本発明の重金属類溶出抑制剤は、従来のキレート剤では溶出抑制が困難であった六価クロム、砒素及びセレンの溶出を良好に抑制することができる。また、鉛やカドミウムなどの他の重金属類の溶出も良好に抑制することができるので、他の薬剤を併用する必要がなく、多種の重金属類を含む飛灰や産業廃棄物などの処理に適し、設備コストも低減できるので経済的である。
【0037】
また本発明の重金属類溶出抑制剤は、還元剤及び凝集剤の個々の効果を損なわず、性状の経時変化が少なく、品質が劣化しにくく、取り扱いが容易である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a technology for treating industrial waste such as incineration fly ash and molten fly ash discharged from incineration plants such as municipal garbage and industrial waste, construction waste material, and in particular, lead contained therein, The present invention relates to a technology for suppressing elution of harmful heavy metals such as mercury, chromium, cadmium, arsenic, and selenium.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Fly ash and molten fly ash generated during the incineration of industrial waste and municipal waste are ultimately landfilled, but since these incineration fly ash contain heavy metals, they are landfilled. Must be immobilized so that heavy metals are not eluted by rainwater or the like. Regarding the immobilization of incinerated fly ash, it is mandatory to carry out any of the following methods: "solidification method of cement", "extraction method with acid or other solvent", "melt immobilization method", or "chemical addition method". ing.
[0003]
The “cement solidification method” is a method of mixing fly ash with cement, adding a small amount of water, kneading and solidifying. This method utilizes the non-elution of heavy metal ions due to the strong alkalinity of cement and the physical confinement effect of cement gel formation.
[0004]
`` Extraction method with acid or other solvent '' is to add water and acid to fly ash, extract well by stirring well in acidic solution, and remove heavy metal in solution as sulfide etc. by chemicals, It is a method of dehydration.
[0005]
The “melt fixation method” is a method in which waste is heated at a temperature equal to or higher than its melting point (1300 ° C. to 1500 ° C.) and collected as glassy slag. This method utilizes the physical containment action of heavy metals contained in a glass matrix.
[0006]
The “drug addition method” is a method of mixing waste with a drug (mainly a liquid chelating agent), adding a small amount of water, and kneading. This method utilizes the fact that heavy metals are converted into insoluble compounds by the action of a chelating agent. Chemicals that can be used for this purpose include inorganic heavy metals such as phosphates, silicates, carbonates, and bicarbonates that form double salts with heavy metals to form stable immobilized products that are insoluble in water. Sulfur-based heavy metal immobilizing agent that forms sulfides with heavy metals and heavy metals to form stable immobilized products insoluble in water, forms stable immobilized products that are insoluble in water by forming chelating compounds with heavy metals Organic liquid chelate-based heavy metal fixing agents, and the like. Generally, the kneaded material is formed into a pellet-like or granular solid by a granulator or a molding machine and is subjected to landfill treatment.
[0007]
By the way, fly ash is collected by an electric dust collector (EP) or a bag filter collector (BF) as a measure against dust, which is a part of the exhaust gas treatment. May affect fly ash processing.
[0008]
As a measure against dioxin, spraying a powdered active substance into a flue is performed, but this has a problem in that the amount of a chelating agent required for fixing heavy metals is increased.
[0009]
Measures against hydrogen chloride include dry treatment of acid gas in which slaked lime (Ca (OH) 2 ) is blown into the flue, and wet treatment of acid gas in which an alkaline aqueous solution is brought into contact with exhaust gas to capture the acid gas in the exhaust gas. Has been done. In the case of dry treatment of acid gas, slaked lime of unreacted components is collected in a bag filter together with dust, and the resulting treated fly ash becomes highly alkaline, which increases the elution amount of heavy metals. There is a problem. In the case of wet treatment of an acid gas, there is a problem that the treated fly ash shows neutral or weak acidity, and cadmium is eluted.
[0010]
Therefore, a phosphoric acid treatment method in which a water-soluble phosphate and calcium hydroxide are allowed to act to immobilize lead and cadmium is known. However, this phosphoric acid treatment method does not consider immobilization of hexavalent chromium, arsenic, selenium, and the like.
[0011]
Further, a method is known in which water, a ferrous compound, and a phosphate-based heavy metal fixing agent are added to a heavy metal-containing ash and kneaded. In this method, hexavalent chromium is reduced by the ferrous compound, and hexavalent chromium is apparently reduced. However, trivalent chromium can be oxidized again to hexavalent chromium, and the immobilization of hexavalent chromium is not complete.
[0012]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-8-99075
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention provides a heavy metal elution inhibitor and a heavy metal elution suppression method capable of immobilizing heavy metals including hexavalent chromium, arsenic, and selenium, which were difficult to sufficiently immobilize with a conventional chelating agent. The purpose is to:
[0014]
Another object of the present invention is to provide a heavy metal elution inhibitor which is easy to prepare, does not easily deteriorate in quality during storage, and is easy to handle, and a method for inhibiting heavy metal elution using the heavy metal elution inhibitor. It is in.
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention, heavy metals, particularly lead, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, arsenic, and selenium contained in industrial wastes (hereinafter, referred to as "objects to be treated") such as incinerated fly ash and construction waste materials are fixed. The present invention provides a heavy metal elution inhibitor and a heavy metal elution suppression method capable of suppressing the elution of these heavy metals.
[0016]
The heavy metal elution inhibitor of the present invention is a reducing agent that can reduce at least lead, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, arsenic and selenium, and a coagulant that can coagulate and precipitate these reduced heavy metals to make them insoluble. , And suppresses elution of heavy metals.
[0017]
Specifically, the heavy metal elution inhibitor of the present invention is selected from ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride, one or more reducing agents selected from sodium sulfite and potassium sulfite, and polyiron sulfate and a sulfate band. One or more flocculants to be provided and water. More preferably, the heavy metal elution inhibitor of the present invention is a combination containing ferrous sulfate, polyiron sulfate and water, a combination containing sodium sulfite, polyiron sulfate and water, potassium sulfite, polyiron sulfate and water. And combinations including:
[0018]
The heavy metal elution inhibitor of the present invention uses, as a reducing agent, one selected from ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride, sodium sulfite, and potassium sulfite, so that heavy metals such as hexavalent chromium, arsenic, and selenium are used. Since the coagulation effect increases, these can be efficiently separated as solids, and the elution of hexavalent chromium, arsenic, and selenium can be effectively suppressed. In addition, by combining with a coagulant, elution of heavy metals, which cannot be suppressed only by a reducing agent such as lead or hexavalent chromium, can be effectively suppressed. In particular, chromium reduced to trivalent can be separated as a solid by a combination of a reducing agent and a flocculant, so that oxidation back to hexavalent chromium can be prevented.
[0019]
In addition, by using a liquid iron and sulfate band which is easy to handle as a coagulant, preparation and handling of the heavy metal elution inhibitor of the present invention becomes easy. Further, since the reducing agent that can be used in the present invention is a solid and the flocculant is a liquid, when the reducing agent is dissolved in the flocculant, the concentration of the reducing agent is limited. Therefore, by including water, the concentration of the reducing agent can be adjusted and can be used as one agent, so that the facility can be simplified.
[0020]
In particular, the heavy metal elution inhibitor of the present invention preferably contains 1.0 to 11.0 wt% of Fe in total of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ . More preferably, it contains 1.0 to 11.0 wt% of Fe as a total of Fe2 + and Fe3 +, and contains 0 to 7.0 wt% of Fe2 + and 0 to 9.2 wt% of Fe3 + . When the Fe content is less than the above range, the coprecipitation effect by iron is low, and the effect of insolubilizing heavy metals by the coagulant becomes insufficient. When the Fe content is more than the above range, precipitation of drug components occurs, and In addition, when used in an actual machine, there is an adverse effect such as clogging of a pipe, which is not preferable. Therefore, when a sulfate band is included as a flocculant, it is preferable to include at least ferrous sulfate or ferrous chloride as a reducing agent.
[0021]
Particularly, the heavy metal elution inhibitor of the present invention preferably contains 1 to 20 wt% of the reducing agent, 1 to 90 wt% of the flocculant, and 10 to 98 wt% of the water. More preferably, it contains 2 to 16 wt% of the reducing agent, 15 to 85 wt% of the coagulant, and 10 to 70 wt% of the water. When the reducing agent, the flocculant and the water are within the above range, the effect as the reducing agent or the flocculant is not impaired, and the property changes (e.g., formation of a precipitate) with the passage of time and the quality is deteriorated. Nothing.
[0022]
The heavy metal elution inhibitor of the present invention may further contain, in addition to the above-described components, a reducing agent such as sodium bisulfite and potassium bisulfite and / or a flocculant such as calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, and ferric chloride. You can also. In this case, the content of the additional reducing agent is preferably 1 to 20 wt%, more preferably 1 to 10 wt%. Further, the content of the additional flocculant is preferably 1 to 20 wt%, more preferably 1 to 10 wt%.
[0023]
The heavy metal elution inhibitor of the present invention can favorably suppress the elution of hexavalent chromium, arsenic and selenium as well as other heavy metals such as lead and cadmium.
Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a method for suppressing heavy metal elution, which comprises kneading the above-mentioned heavy metal elution inhibitor to an object to be treated containing heavy metals.
[0024]
Heavy metals that can be treated by this method include lead, mercury, chromium, cadmium, zinc, copper, nickel, arsenic, selenium, and the like. In particular, hexavalent chromium, arsenic, and selenium are susceptible to aggregating action by the aggregating agent as a result of reduction by the reducing agent, and the elution is favorably suppressed.
[0025]
In the present method, the amount of the heavy metal elution inhibitor of the present invention is not particularly limited depending on the heavy metal content and the form of the heavy metal in the object to be treated, but is usually 100 parts by weight of the object to be treated. On the other hand, it is preferable to knead 5 to 50 parts by weight of the heavy metal elution inhibitor of the present invention. More preferably, 5 to 40 parts by weight, more preferably 10 to 30 parts by weight of the heavy metal elution inhibitor of the present invention is kneaded with 100 parts by weight of the material to be treated. By kneading the substance to be treated and the heavy metal elution inhibitor of the present invention within this range, the immobilization treatment is performed only with a reducing agent such as lead or hexavalent chromium. be able to.
[0026]
In the present method, water (hereinafter, referred to as “kneading water”) is 5 to 50 parts by weight, more preferably 5 to 40 parts by weight, and still more preferably 10 to 30 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the object to be treated. It is preferable to knead the object to be treated and the heavy metal elution inhibitor of the present invention by using a part. If the amount of the kneading water is less than 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the material to be treated, kneading with the heavy metal elution inhibitor cannot be sufficiently performed, and if it exceeds 50 parts by weight, The fly ash obtained is not preferable because it becomes liquid and makes disposal difficult.
[0027]
In the present method, the method of kneading the heavy metal elution inhibitor with the object to be treated is not particularly limited, and kneading can be performed in a usual manner. For example, after adding the heavy metal elution inhibitor (aqueous solution) of the present invention after kneading the object to be treated with kneading water or after adding the heavy metal elution inhibitor (aqueous solution) of the present invention to the object to be treated. An embodiment in which kneading water is added and kneading is performed can be preferably employed. The kneading can be performed using a usual kneading apparatus, for example, a vibration mixer, a pan-type granulation mixer, a twin-screw bench kneader mixer, or the like.
[0028]
For example, when fly ash discharged from an industrial waste incineration plant is treated by this method, first, incinerated fly ash or molten fly ash (hereinafter referred to as "fly ash") is filtered using a bag filter or an electric dust collector. After being collected, it is stored in a storage tank by flushing. While supplying fly ash from the storage tank to the kneader, the heavy metal elution inhibitor of the present invention, kneading water and cement are supplied to the kneader, and these are kneaded in the kneader. After kneading, the kneaded product of fly ash, heavy metal elution inhibitor, kneading water and cement is formed into a spherical, columnar (diameter of 2 cm, height of about 5 cm) or lump, and landfilled.
[0029]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0030]
Preparation Example 1 Preparation of heavy metal elution inhibitor Six types of heavy metal elution inhibitor of the present invention shown in Table 1 below, and Controls A and B were prepared. As polyiron sulfate, "polyiron" manufactured by Nippon Mining Co., Ltd. was used, and as liquid sulfate band, "liquid aluminum sulfate" (8% concentration product) manufactured by Daimei Chemical Co., Ltd. was used. Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, ferrous chloride tetrahydrate, sodium sulfite and potassium sulfite all used special grade reagents manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
[0031]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004209372
[0032]
Examples 1 to 12
Bag filter ash (hereinafter referred to as “BF ash”) (Pb = 6800 mg / kg, Cd = 180 mg / kg, Cr = 810 mg / kg, As = 150 mg / kg, Se = 52 mg / kg) After adding and mixing 10 parts by weight of ordinary cement (Normal Portland cement manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement Co., Ltd.), 30 parts by weight of water was mixed with the heavy metal elution inhibitor No. 1 of the present invention prepared in the preparation example. 1 to No. 6 and 10 parts by weight or 20 parts by weight were added, and the mixture was kneaded for 5 minutes in a polyethylene cup using a metal spatula. After curing for one day, a dissolution test of heavy metals was performed in accordance with the Law No. 13 of the Notification of the Environment Agency. The measurement results of the elution concentration of lead, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, arsenic, and selenium and the pH value of the eluate are shown in Table 2 below.
[0033]
Comparative Examples 1 to 5
When the same BF ash as used in Examples 1 to 12 was not added with the drug (Comparative Example 1), when treated with Control A prepared in Preparation Example (Comparative Example 2), Control B prepared in Preparation Example (Comparative Example 3), the case treated with Control C prepared in the Preparation Example (Comparative Example 4), and the case treated with Control D prepared in the Preparation Example (Comparative Example 5). Similarly to the above, the dissolution test of heavy metals was performed. The measurement results of the elution concentration of lead, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, arsenic, and selenium and the pH value of the eluate are shown in Table 2 below.
[0034]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004209372
[0035]
As is clear from the results shown in Table 2, the heavy metal elution inhibitor of the present invention (Examples 1 to 12) favorably inhibits elution of lead, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, arsenic, and selenium. On the other hand, when only the reducing agent was used (Comparative Examples 2 and 3), elution of lead and hexavalent chromium could not be suppressed, and when only the flocculant was used (Comparative Examples 4 and 5), hexavalent chromium, arsenic and The elution of selenium was not sufficiently suppressed.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
The heavy metal elution inhibitor of the present invention can favorably inhibit the elution of hexavalent chromium, arsenic, and selenium, which was difficult to suppress with a conventional chelating agent. In addition, since elution of other heavy metals such as lead and cadmium can be suppressed well, there is no need to use other chemicals together, and it is suitable for treating fly ash and industrial waste containing various types of heavy metals. It is economical because the equipment cost can be reduced.
[0037]
In addition, the heavy metal elution inhibitor of the present invention does not impair the individual effects of the reducing agent and the flocculant, has little change over time in properties, hardly deteriorates in quality, and is easy to handle.

Claims (5)

硫酸第一鉄、塩化第一鉄、亜硫酸ナトリウム、及び亜硫酸カリウムから選択される1種以上の還元剤と、ポリ硫酸鉄及び硫酸バンドから選択される1種以上の凝集剤と、水と、を含む重金属類溶出抑制剤。One or more reducing agents selected from ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride, sodium sulfite, and potassium sulfite, one or more coagulants selected from polyiron sulfate and a sulfate band, and water Heavy metal elution inhibitor containing. 還元剤として少なくとも硫酸第一鉄又は塩化第一鉄を含み、凝集剤として少なくとも硫酸バンドを含む請求項1に記載の重金属類溶出抑制剤。The heavy metal elution inhibitor according to claim 1, comprising at least ferrous sulfate or ferrous chloride as a reducing agent and at least a sulfate band as a flocculant. Fe2+とFe3+との合計として1.0〜11.0wt%のFeを含む請求項1又は2に記載の重金属類溶出抑制剤。3. The heavy metal elution inhibitor according to claim 1, comprising 1.0 to 11.0 wt% of Fe as a total of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ . 4. 前記還元剤1〜20wt%と、前記凝集剤1〜90wt%と、前記水10〜98wt%と、を含む請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の重金属類溶出抑制剤。The heavy metal elution inhibitor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising 1 to 20 wt% of the reducing agent, 1 to 90 wt% of the flocculant, and 10 to 98 wt% of the water. 重金属類を含有する被処理物に、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の重金属類溶出抑制剤を混練させることを含む重金属類溶出抑制方法。A heavy metal elution suppression method comprising kneading the heavy metal elution inhibitor according to any one of claims 1 to 4 to a treatment object containing a heavy metal.
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JP2012076009A (en) * 2010-09-30 2012-04-19 Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd Method of producing granulated and solidified body from biomass incineration ash
JP2013202477A (en) * 2012-03-28 2013-10-07 Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd Method for treating paper sludge combustion ash
JP2014083491A (en) * 2012-10-23 2014-05-12 Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd Processing method for combustion ash
JP2014136172A (en) * 2013-01-15 2014-07-28 Gifu City Method of preventing calcium elution in final disposal site
JP2018034134A (en) * 2016-09-02 2018-03-08 三菱製紙株式会社 Ash-granulated solidified body, grass-preventing material and blowing sand prevention material
JP2019157053A (en) * 2018-03-16 2019-09-19 太平洋マテリアル株式会社 Elution preventive agent for heavy metals from incineration ash and elution preventive method using same
JP2020138175A (en) * 2019-03-01 2020-09-03 太平洋マテリアル株式会社 Heavy metal analogs elution prevention method for incineration ash
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012076009A (en) * 2010-09-30 2012-04-19 Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd Method of producing granulated and solidified body from biomass incineration ash
JP2013202477A (en) * 2012-03-28 2013-10-07 Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd Method for treating paper sludge combustion ash
JP2014083491A (en) * 2012-10-23 2014-05-12 Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd Processing method for combustion ash
JP2014136172A (en) * 2013-01-15 2014-07-28 Gifu City Method of preventing calcium elution in final disposal site
JP2018034134A (en) * 2016-09-02 2018-03-08 三菱製紙株式会社 Ash-granulated solidified body, grass-preventing material and blowing sand prevention material
JP2019157053A (en) * 2018-03-16 2019-09-19 太平洋マテリアル株式会社 Elution preventive agent for heavy metals from incineration ash and elution preventive method using same
JP2020138175A (en) * 2019-03-01 2020-09-03 太平洋マテリアル株式会社 Heavy metal analogs elution prevention method for incineration ash
JP7304029B2 (en) 2019-03-01 2023-07-06 太平洋マテリアル株式会社 Method for preventing elution of heavy metals from incinerated ash
CN112607751A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-04-06 耒阳市焱鑫有色金属有限公司 Method for re-dissolving, freezing and purifying mixed salt containing arsenic, sodium sulfite and sodium sulfate

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