JP2004206852A - Recording medium, reproducing device and recorder - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a recording medium from which the recorded data is difficult to be duplicated to another recording medium in order to protect a copyright holder. <P>SOLUTION: The recording medium comprises a recording track where the basic data are recorded by using pits and additional data becoming additional information to the basic data is recorded by changing the direction of magnetization. Reproduction information is arithmetically operated with additional information used as a coefficient, has higher quality than that of basic information, and therefore has a quantity larger than the basic information. Recording the information on another recording medium as is requires a large quantity of the recording medium. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【０１８４】
そして、動きクラス検出回路１２５では、上述したように算出された平均値ＡＶが１個又は複数個の閾値と比較されて、動きクラスのクラス情報ＭＶが得られる。例えば、３個の閾値ｔｈ１，ｔｈ２，ｔｈ３（ｔｈ１＜ｔｈ２＜ｔｈ３）が用意され、４つの動きクラスを検出する場合、ＡＶ≦ｔｈ１のときは、ＭＶ＝０、ｔｈ１＜ＡＶ≦ｔｈ２のときは、ＭＶ＝１、ｔｈ２＜ＡＶ≦ｔｈ３のときは、ＭＶ＝２、ｔｈ３＜ＡＶのときは、ＭＶ＝３とされる。
【０１８５】
また、プロセッシング部６６は、空間クラス検出回路１２４より出力される空間クラスのクラス情報としての再量子化コードＱｉと、動きクラス検出回路１２５より出力される動きクラスのクラス情報ＭＶに基づき、作成すべきＨＤ信号（５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号）の画素（注目画素）が属するクラスを示すクラスコードＣＬを得るためのクラス合成回路１２６を有している。
【０１８６】
このクラス合成回路１２６では、（３）式によって、クラスコードＣＬの演算が行われる。なお、（３）式において、Ｎａは空間クラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）の個数、Ｐは「ＡＤＲＣ」における再量子化ビット数を示している。
【０１８７】
【数２】

【０１８８】
また、プロセッシング部６６は、レジスタ１３０〜１３３と、係数メモリ６８とを有している。後述する線順次変換回路１２９は、５２５ｐ信号を出力する場合と、１０５０ｉ信号を出力する場合とで、その動作を切り換える必要がある。レジスタ１３０は、線順次変換回路１２９の動作を指定する動作指定情報を格納するものである。線順次変換回路１２９は、レジスタ１３０より供給される動作指定情報に従った動作をする。
【０１８９】
レジスタ１３１は、第１のタップ選択回路１２１で選択される予測タップのタップ位置情報を格納するものである。第１のタップ選択回路１２１は、レジスタ１３１より供給されるタップ位置情報に従って予測タップを選択する。タップ位置情報は、例えば選択される可能性のある複数のＳＤ画素に対して番号付けを行い、選択するＳＤ画素の番号を指定するものである。以下のタップ位置情報においても同様である。
【０１９０】
レジスタ１３２は、第２のタップ選択回路１２２で選択される空間クラスタップのタップ位置情報を格納するものである。第２のタップ選択回路１２２は、レジスタ１３２より供給されるタップ位置情報に従って空間クラスタップを選択する。
【０１９１】
ここで、レジスタ１３２には、動きが比較的小さい場合のタップ位置情報Ａと、動きが比較的大きい場合のタップ位置情報Ｂとが格納される。これらタップ位置情報Ａ，Ｂのいずれを第２のタップ選択回路１２２に供給するかは、動きクラス検出回路１２５より出力される動きクラスのクラス情報ＭＶによって選択される。
【０１９２】
すなわち、動きがないか、あるいは動きが小さいためにＭＶ＝０又はＭＶ＝１であるときは、タップ位置情報Ａが第２のタップ選択回路１２２に供給され、この第２のタップ選択回路１２２で選択される空間クラスタップは、図３０乃至図３３に示すように、複数フィールドに跨るものとされる。また、動きが比較的大きいためにＭＶ＝２又はＭＶ＝３であるときは、タップ位置情報Ｂが第２のタップ選択回路１２２に供給され、この第２のタップ選択回路１２２で選択される空間クラスタップは、図示せずも、作成すべき画素と同一フィールド内のＳＤ画素のみとされる。
【０１９３】
なお、上述したレジスタ１３１にも動きが比較的小さい場合のタップ位置情報と、動きが比較的大きい場合のタップ位置情報が格納されるようにし、第１のタップ選択回路１２１に供給されるタップ位置情報が動きクラス検出回路１２５より出力される動きクラスのクラス情報ＭＶによって選択されるようにしてもよい。
【０１９４】
レジスタ１３３は、第３のタップ選択回路１２３で選択される動きクラスタップのタップ位置情報を格納するものである。第３のタップ選択回路１２３は、レジスタ１３３より供給されるタップ位置情報に従って動きクラスタップを選択する。
【０１９５】
さらに、係数メモリ６８は、後述する推定予測演算回路１２７で使用される推定式の付加データを、クラス毎に、格納するものである。この付加データは、ＳＤ信号としての５２５ｉ信号を、ＨＤ信号としての５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号に変換するための情報である。
【０１９６】
係数メモリ６８には、上述したクラス合成回路１２６より出力されるクラスコードＣＬが読み出しアドレス情報として供給され、この係数メモリ６８からはクラスコードＣＬに対応した付加データが読み出され、推定予測演算回路１２７に供給されることとなる。
【０１９７】
また、プロセッシング部６６は、情報メモリバンク１３５を有している。この情報メモリバンク１３５には、レジスタ１３０に格納するための動作指定情報と、レジスタ１３１〜１３３に格納するためのタップ位置情報が予め蓄えられている。
【０１９８】
ここで、レジスタ１３０に格納するための動作指定情報として、情報メモリバンク１３５には、線順次変換回路１２９を５２５ｐ信号を出力するように動作させるための第１の動作指定情報と、線順次変換回路１２９を１０５０ｉ信号を出力するように動作させるための第２の動作指定情報とが予め蓄えられている。
【０１９９】
また、情報メモリバンク１３５には、レジスタ１３１に格納するための予測タップのタップ位置情報として、第１の変換方法（５２５ｐ）に対応する第１のタップ位置情報と、第２の変換方法（１０５０ｉ）に対応する第２のタップ位置情報とが予め蓄えられている。この情報メモリバンク１３５よりレジスタ１３１には、上述した変換方法の選択情報に従って第１のタップ位置情報又は第２のタップ位置情報がロードされる。
【０２００】
また、情報メモリバンク１３５には、レジスタ１３２に格納するための空間クラスタップのタップ位置情報として、第１の変換方法（５２５ｐ）に対応する第１のタップ位置情報と、第２の変換方法（１０５０ｉ）に対応する第２のタップ位置情報とが予め蓄えられている。なお、第１及び第２のタップ位置情報は、それぞれ動きが比較的小さい場合のタップ位置情報と、動きが比較的大きい場合のタップ位置情報とからなっている。この情報メモリバンク１３５よりレジスタ１３２には、上述した変換方法の選択情報に従って第１のタップ位置情報又は第２のタップ位置情報がロードされる。
【０２０１】
また、情報メモリバンク１３５には、レジスタ１３３に格納するための動きクラスタップのタップ位置情報として、第１の変換方法（５２５ｐ）に対応する第１のタップ位置情報と、第２の変換方法（１０５０ｉ）に対応する第２のタップ位置情報とが予め蓄えられている。この情報メモリバンク１３５よりレジスタ１３３には、上述した変換方法の選択情報に従って第１のタップ位置情報又は第２のタップ位置情報がロードされる。
【０２０２】
また、情報メモリバンク１３５には、第１及び第２の変換方法のそれぞれに対応した各クラスの係数種データが予め蓄えられている。この係数種データは、上述した係数メモリ６８に格納するための付加データを生成するための生成式の付加データである。
【０２０３】
後述する推定予測演算回路１２７では、予測タップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）ｘｉと、係数メモリ６８より読み出される付加データＷｉとから、（４）式の推定式によって、作成すべきＨＤ画素データｙが演算される。第１のタップ選択回路１２１で選択される予測タップが、図２４及び図２７に示すように１０個であるとき、（４）式におけるｎは１０となる。
【０２０４】
【数３】

【０２０５】
そして、この推定式の付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）は、（５）式に示すように、外部から入力され、あるいは、予め設定されたパラメータｈ，ｖを含む生成式によって生成される。情報メモリバンク１３５には、この生成式の付加データである係数種データｗ１０〜ｗｎ９が、変換方法毎かつクラス毎に、記憶されている。この係数種データの生成方法については後述する。
【０２０６】
【数４】

【０２０７】
また、プロセッシング部６６は、各クラスの係数種データ及びパラメータｈ，ｖの値とを用い、（５）式によって、クラス毎に、パラメータｈ，ｖの値に対応した推定式の付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）を生成する係数生成回路１３６を有している。この係数生成回路１３６には、情報メモリバンク１３５より、上述した変換方法の選択情報に従って第１の変換方法又は第２の変換方法に対応した各クラスの係数種データがロードされる。また、この係数生成回路１３６には、システムコントローラ１０１より、パラメータｈ，ｖの値が供給される。
【０２０８】
この係数生成回路１３６で生成される各クラスの付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）は、上述した係数メモリ６８に格納される。この係数生成回路１３６における各クラスの付加データＷｉの生成は、例えば各垂直ブランキング期間で行われる。これにより、パラメータｈ，ｖの値が変更されても、係数メモリ６８に格納される各クラスの付加データＷｉを、そのパラメータｈ，ｖの値に対応したものに即座に変更でき、解像度の調整がスムーズに行われる。
【０２０９】
また、プロセッシング部６６は、係数生成回路１３６で生成される各クラスの付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）に対応した正規化係数Ｓを、（６）式によって、演算する正規化係数生成回路１３７と、ここで生成された正規化係数Ｓを、クラス毎に格納する正規化係数メモリ１３８を有している。正規化係数メモリ１３８には上述したクラス合成回路１２６より出力されるクラスコードＣＬが読み出しアドレス情報として供給され、この正規化係数メモリ１３８からはクラスコードＣＬに対応した正規化係数Ｓが読み出され、後述する正規化演算回路１２８に供給されることとなる。
【０２１０】
【数５】

【０２１１】
また、プロセッシング部６６は、第１のタップ選択回路１２１で選択的に取り出される予測タップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）ｘｉと、係数メモリ６８より読み出される付加データＷｉとから、作成すべきＨＤ信号の画素（注目画素）のデータを演算する推定予測演算回路１２７を有している。
【０２１２】
この推定予測演算回路１２７では、５２５ｐ信号を出力する場合、上述した図２４に示すように、奇数（ｏ）フィールド及び偶数（ｅ）フィールドで、５２５ｉ信号のラインと同一位置のラインデータＬ１と、５２５ｉ信号の上下のラインの中間位置のラインデータＬ２とを生成し、また各ラインの画素数を２倍とする必要がある。また、この推定予測演算回路１２７では、１０５０ｉ信号を出力する場合、上述した図２５に示すように、奇数（ｏ）フィールド及び偶数（ｅ）フィールドで、５２５ｉ信号のラインに近い位置のラインデータＬ１，Ｌ１′と、５２５ｉ信号のラインから遠い位置のラインデータＬ２，Ｌ２′とを生成し、また各ラインの画素数を２倍とする必要がある。
【０２１３】
従って、推定予測演算回路１２７では、ＨＤ信号を構成する４画素のデータが同時的に生成される。例えば、４画素のデータはそれぞれ付加データを異にする推定式を使用して同時的に生成されるものであり、係数メモリ６８からはそれぞれの推定式の付加データが供給される。ここで、推定予測演算回路１２７では、予測タップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）ｘｉと、係数メモリ６８より読み出される付加データＷｉとから、上述の（４）式の推定式によって、作成すべきＨＤ画素データｙが演算される。
【０２１４】
また、プロセッシング部６６は、推定予測演算回路１２７より出力されるラインデータＬ１，Ｌ２（Ｌ１′，Ｌ２′）を構成する各ＨＤ画素データｙを、正規化係数メモリ１３８より読み出され、それぞれの生成に使用された付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）に対応した正規化係数Ｓで除算して正規化する正規化演算回路１２８を有している。上述せずも、係数生成回路１３６で係数種データより生成式で推定式の付加データを求めるものであるが、生成される付加データは丸め誤差を含み、付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）の総和が１．０になることは保証されない。そのため、推定予測演算回路１２７で演算されるＨＤ画素データｙは、丸め誤差によってレベル変動したものとなる。上述したように、正規化演算回路１２８で正規化することで、その変動を除去できる。
【０２１５】
また、プロセッシング部６６は、水平周期を１／２倍とするライン倍速処理を行って、推定予測演算回路１２７より正規化演算回路１２８を介して供給されるラインデータＬ１，Ｌ２（Ｌ１′，Ｌ２′）を線順次化する線順次変換回路１２９を有している。
【０２１６】
図３６は、５２５ｐ信号を出力する場合のライン倍速処理をアナログ波形を用いて示すものである。上述したように、推定予測演算回路１２７によってラインデータＬ１，Ｌ２が生成される。ラインデータＬ１には順にａ１，ａ２，ａ３，・・・のラインが含まれ、ラインデータＬ２には順にｂ１，ｂ２，ｂ３，・・・のラインが含まれる。線順次変換回路１２９は、各ラインのデータを時間軸方向に１／２に圧縮し、圧縮されたデータを交互に選択することによって、線順次出力ａ０，ｂ０，ａ１，ｂ１，・・・を形成する。
【０２１７】
なお、１０５０ｉ信号を出力する場合には、奇数フィールド及び偶数フィールドでインタレース関係を満たすように、線順次変換回路１２９が線順次出力を発生する。したがって、線順次変換回路１２９は、５２５ｐ信号を出力する場合と、１０５０ｉ信号を出力する場合とで、その動作を切り換える必要がある。その動作指定情報は、上述したようにレジスタ１３０より供給される。
【０２１８】
次に、図２３によりプロセッシング部６６の動作を説明する。
【０２１９】
バッファメモリ６７に記憶されているＳＤ信号（５２５ｉ信号）より、第２のタップ選択回路１２２で、空間クラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）が選択的に取り出される。この場合、第２のタップ選択回路１２２では、レジスタ１３２より供給される、予め選択された変換方法、及び動きクラス検出回路１２５で検出される動きクラスに対応したタップ位置情報に基づいて、タップの選択が行われる。
【０２２０】
この第２のタップ選択回路１２２で選択的に取り出される空間クラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）は空間クラス検出回路１２４に供給される。この空間クラス検出回路１２４では、空間クラスタップのデータとしての各ＳＤ画素データに対してＡＤＲＣ処理が施されて空間クラス（主に空間内の波形表現のためのクラス分類）のクラス情報としての再量子化コードＱｉが得られる（（１）式参照）。
【０２２１】
また、バッファメモリ６７に記憶されているＳＤ信号（５２５ｉ信号）より、第３のタップ選択回路１２３で、動きクラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）が選択的に取り出される。この場合、第３のタップ選択回路１２３では、レジスタ１３３より供給される、予め選択された変換方法に対応したタップ位置情報に基づいて、タップの選択が行われる。
【０２２２】
この第３のタップ選択回路１２３で選択的に取り出される動きクラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）は動きクラス検出回路１２５に供給される。この動きクラス検出回路１２５では、動きクラスタップのデータとしての各ＳＤ画素データより動きクラス（主に動きの程度を表すためのクラス分類）のクラス情報ＭＶが得られる。
【０２２３】
この動き情報ＭＶと上述した再量子化コードＱｉはクラス合成回路１２６に供給される。このクラス合成回路１２６では、これら動き情報ＭＶと再量子化コードＱｉとから、作成すべきＨＤ信号（５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号）の画素（注目画素）が属するクラスを示すクラスコードＣＬが得られる（（３）式参照）。そして、このクラスコードＣＬは、係数メモリ６８及び正規化係数メモリ１３８に読み出しアドレス情報として供給される。
【０２２４】
係数メモリ６８には、例えば各垂直ブランキング期間に、予め設定されたパラメータｈ，ｖの値及び変換方法に対応した各クラスの推定式の付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）が係数生成回路１３６で生成されて格納される。また、正規化係数メモリ１３８には、上述したように係数生成回路１３６で生成された各クラスの付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）に対応した正規化係数Ｓが正規化係数生成回路１３７で生成されて格納される。
【０２２５】
係数メモリ６８に上述したようにクラスコードＣＬが読み出しアドレス情報として供給されることで、この係数メモリ６８からクラスコードＣＬに対応した付加データＷｉが読み出されて推定予測演算回路１２７に供給される。また、バッファメモリ６７に記憶されているＳＤ信号（５２５ｉ信号）より、第１のタップ選択回路１２１で、予測タップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）が選択的に取り出される。この場合、第１のタップ選択回路１２１では、レジスタ１３１より供給される、予め選択された変換方法に対応したタップ位置情報に基づいて、タップの選択が行われる。この第１のタップ選択回路１２１で選択的に取り出される予測タップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）ｘｉは推定予測演算回路１２７に供給される。
【０２２６】
推定予測演算回路１２７では、予測タップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）ｘｉと、係数メモリ６８より読み出される付加データＷｉとから、作成すべきＨＤ信号の画素（注目画素）のデータ（ＨＤ画素データ）ｙが演算される（（４）式参照）。この場合、ＨＤ信号を構成する４画素のデータが同時的に生成される。
【０２２７】
これにより、５２５ｐ信号を出力する第１の変換方法が選択されているときは、奇数（ｏ）フィールド及び偶数（ｅ）フィールドで、５２５ｉ信号のラインと同一位置のラインデータＬ１と、５２５ｉ信号の上下のラインの中間位置のラインデータＬ２とが生成される（図２４参照）。また、１０５０ｉ信号を出力する第２の変換方法が選択されているときは、奇数（ｏ）フィールド及び偶数（ｅ）フィールドで、５２５ｉ信号のラインに近い位置のラインデータＬ１，Ｌ１′と、５２５ｉ信号のラインから遠い位置のラインデータＬ２，Ｌ２′とが生成される（図２５参照）。
【０２２８】
このように、推定予測演算回路１２７で生成されたラインデータＬ１，Ｌ２（Ｌ１′，Ｌ２′）は、正規化演算回路１２８に供給される。正規化係数メモリ１３８に上述したようにクラスコードＣＬが読み出しアドレス情報として供給されることで、この正規化係数メモリ１３８からクラスコードＣＬに対応した正規化係数Ｓ、つまり推定予測演算回路１２７より出力されるラインデータＬ１，Ｌ２（Ｌ１′，Ｌ２′）を構成する各ＨＤ画素データｙの生成に使用された付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）に対応した正規化係数Ｓが読み出されて推定予測演算回路１２７に供給される。正規化演算回路１２８では、推定予測演算回路１２７より出力されるラインデータＬ１，Ｌ２（Ｌ１′，Ｌ２′）を構成する各ＨＤ画素データｙがそれぞれ対応する正規化係数Ｓで除算されて正規化される。これにより、係数種データを用いて生成式（（５）式参照）で推定式（（４）式参照）の付加データを求める際の丸め誤差による注目点の情報データのレベル変動が除去される。
【０２２９】
このように正規化演算回路１２８で正規化されたラインデータＬ１，Ｌ２（Ｌ１′，Ｌ２′）は、線順次変換回路１２９に供給される。そして、この線順次変換回路１２９では、ラインデータＬ１，Ｌ２（Ｌ１′，Ｌ２′）が線順次化されてＨＤ信号が生成される。この場合、線順次変換回路１２９は、レジスタ１３０より供給される、予め選択された変換方法に対応した動作指示情報に従った動作をする。そのため、第１の変換方法（５２５ｐ）が選択されているときは、線順次変換回路１２９より５２５ｐ信号が出力される。一方、第２の変換方法（１０５０ｉ）が選択されているときは、線順次変換回路１２９より１０５０ｉ信号が出力される。
【０２３０】
上述したように、係数生成回路１３６で、情報メモリバンク１３５よりロードされる係数種データを用いて、クラス毎に、パラメータｈ，ｖの値に対応した推定式の付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）が生成され、これが係数メモリ６８に格納される。そして、この係数メモリ６８より、クラスコードＣＬに対応して読み出される付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）を用いて推定予測演算回路１２７でＨＤ画素データｙが演算される。したがって、パラメータｈ，ｖの値を調整することで、ＨＤ信号によって得られる画像の水平及び垂直の画質を調整することができる。なお、この場合、調整されたパラメータｈ，ｖの値に対応した各クラスの付加データをその都度係数生成回路１３６で生成して使用するものであり、大量の付加データを格納しておくメモリを必要としない。
【０２３１】
上述したように、情報メモリバンク１３５には、係数種データが、変換方法毎かつクラス毎に、記憶されている。この係数種データは、予め学習によって生成されたものである。
【０２３２】
まず、この生成方法の一例について説明する。（５）式の生成式における付加データである係数種データｗ１０〜ｗｎ９を求める例を示すものとする。
【０２３３】
ここで、以下の説明のため、（７）式のように、ｔｉ（ｉ＝０〜９）を定義する。
【０２３４】
ｔ０＝１，ｔ１＝ｖ，ｔ２＝ｈ，ｔ３＝ｖ２，ｔ４＝ｖｈ，ｔ５＝ｈ２，ｔ６＝ｖ３，ｔ７＝ｖ２ｈ，ｔ８＝ｖｈ２，ｔ９＝ｈ３・・・（７）
この（７）式を用いると、（５）式は、（８）式のように書き換えられる。
【０２３５】
【数６】

【０２３６】
最終的に、学習によって未定係数ｗｘｙを求める。すなわち、変換方法毎かつクラス毎に、複数のＳＤ画素データとＨＤ画素データを用いて、二乗誤差を最小にする係数値を決定する。いわゆる最小二乗法による解法である。学習数をｍ、ｋ（１≦ｋ≦ｍ）番目の学習データにおける残差をｅｋ、二乗誤差の総和をＥとすると、（４）式及び（５）式を用いて、Ｅは（９）式で表される。ここで、ｘｉｋはＳＤ画像のｉ番目の予測タップ位置におけるｋ番目の画素データ、ｙｋはそれに対応するｋ番目のＨＤ画像の画素データを表している。
【０２３７】
【数７】

【０２３８】
最小二乗法による解法では、（９）式のｗｘｙによる偏微分が０になるようなｗｘｙを求める。これは、（１０）式で示される。
【０２３９】
【数８】

【０２４０】
以下、（１１）式、（１２）式のように、Ｘｉｐｊｑ、Ｙｉｐを定義すると、（１０）式は、行列を用いて（１３）式のように書き換えられる。
【０２４１】
【数９】

【０２４２】
【数１０】

【０２４３】
この方程式は、一般に正規方程式と呼ばれている。この正規方程式は、掃き出し法（Ｇａｕｓｓ−Ｊｏｒｄａｎの消去法）等を用いて、ｗｘｙについて解かれ、係数種データが算出される。
【０２４４】
図３７は、上述した係数種データの生成方法の概念を示している。ＨＤ信号から複数のＳＤ信号を生成する。例えば、ＨＤ信号からＳＤ信号を生成する際に使用するフィルタの水平帯域と垂直帯域を可変するパラメータｈ，ｖをそれぞれ９段階に可変して、合計８１種類のＳＤ信号を生成している。このようにして生成した複数のＳＤ信号とＨＤ信号との間で学習を行って係数種データを生成する。
【０２４５】
図３８は、上述した概念で係数種データを生成する係数種データ生成装置１５０の構成を示している。
【０２４６】
この係数種データ生成装置１５０は、教師信号としてのＨＤ信号（５２５ｐ信号／１０５０ｉ信号）が入力される入力端子１５１と、このＨＤ信号に対して水平及び垂直の間引き処理を行って、入力信号としてのＳＤ信号を得るＳＤ信号生成回路１５２とを有している。
【０２４７】
このＳＤ信号生成回路１５２には、変換方法選択信号が制御信号として供給される。第１の変換方法（図２３のプロセッシング部６６で５２５ｉ信号より５２５ｐ信号を得る）が選択される場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２では５２５ｐ信号に対して間引き処理が施されてＳＤ信号が生成される（図２４参照）。一方、第２の変換方法（図２３のプロセッシング部６６で５２５ｉ信号より１０５０ｉ信号を得る）が選択される場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２では１０５０ｉ信号に対して間引き処理が施されてＳＤ信号が生成される（図２５参照）。
【０２４８】
また、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２には、パラメータｈ，ｖが制御信号として供給される。このパラメータｈ，ｖに対応して、ＨＤ信号からＳＤ信号を生成する際に使用するフィルタの水平帯域と垂直帯域とが可変される。ここで、フィルタの詳細について、幾つかの例を示す。
【０２４９】
例えば、フィルタを、水平帯域を制限する帯域フィルタと垂直帯域を制限する帯域フィルタとから構成することが考えられる。この場合、図３９に示すように、パラメータｈ又はｖの段階的な値に対応した周波数特性を設計し、逆フーリエ変換をすることにより、パラメータｈ又はｖの段階的な値に対応した周波数特性を持つ１次元フィルタを得ることができる。
【０２５０】
また例えば、フィルタを、水平帯域を制限する１次元ガウシアンフィルタと垂直帯域を制限する１次元ガウシアンフィルタとから構成することが考えられる。この１次元ガウシアンフィルタは（１４）式で示される。この場合、パラメータｈ又はｖの段階的な値に対応して標準偏差σの値を段階的に変えることにより、パラメータｈ又はｖの段階的な値に対応した周波数特性を持つ１次元ガウシアンフィルタを得ることができる。
【０２５１】
【数１１】

【０２５２】
また、例えば、フィルタを、パラメータｈ，ｖの両方で水平及び垂直の周波数特性が決まる２次元フィルタＦ（ｈ，ｖ）で構成することが考えられる。この２次元フィルタの生成方法は、上述した１次元フィルタと同様に、パラメータｈ，ｖの段階的な値に対応した２次元周波数特性を設計し、２次元の逆フーリエ変換をすることにより、パラメータｈ，ｖの段階的な値に対応した２次元周波数特性を持つ２次元フィルタを得ることができる。
【０２５３】
また、係数種データ生成装置１５０は、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２より出力されるＳＤ信号（５２５ｉ信号）より、ＨＤ信号（１０５０ｉ信号又は５２５ｐ信号）に係る注目画素の周辺に位置する複数のＳＤ画素のデータを選択的に取り出して出力する第１〜第３のタップ選択回路１５３〜１５５を有している。
【０２５４】
これら第１〜第３のタップ選択回路１５３〜１５５は、上述したプロセッシング部６６の第１〜第３のタップ選択回路１２１〜１２３と同様に構成される。これら第１〜第３のタップ選択回路１５３〜１５５で選択されるタップは、タップ選択制御部１５６からのタップ位置情報によって指定される。
【０２５５】
タップ選択制御回路１５６には、変換方法選択信号が制御信号として供給される。第１の変換方法が選択される場合と第２の変換方法が選択される場合とで、第１〜第３のタップ選択回路１５３〜１５５に供給されるタップ位置情報が異なるようにされている。また、タップ選択制御回路１５６には後述する動きクラス検出回路１５８より出力される動きクラスのクラス情報ＭＶが供給される。これにより、第２のタップ選択回路１５４に供給されるタップ位置情報が動きが大きいか小さいかによって異なるようにされる。
【０２５６】
また、係数種データ生成装置１５０は、第２のタップ選択回路１５４で選択的に取り出される空間クラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）のレベル分布パターンを検出し、このレベル分布パターンに基づいて空間クラスを検出し、そのクラス情報を出力する空間クラス検出回路１５７を有している。この空間クラス検出回路１５７は、上述したプロセッシング部６６の空間クラス検出回路１２４と同様に構成される。この空間クラス検出回路１５７からは、空間クラスタップのデータとしての各ＳＤ画素データ毎の再量子化コードＱｉが空間クラスを示すクラス情報として出力される。
【０２５７】
また、係数種データ生成装置１５０は、第３のタップ選択回路１５５で選択的に取り出される動きクラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）より、主に動きの程度を表すための動きクラスを検出し、そのクラス情報ＭＶを出力する動きクラス検出回路１５８を有している。この動きクラス検出回路１５８は、上述したプロセッシング部６６の動きクラス検出回路１２５と同様に構成される。この動きクラス検出回路１５８では、第３のタップ選択回路１５５で選択的に取り出される動きクラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）からフレーム間差分が算出され、さらにその差分の絶対値の平均値に対して閾値処理が行われて動きの指標である動きクラスが検出される。
【０２５８】
また、係数種データ生成装置１５０は、空間クラス検出回路１５７より出力される空間クラスのクラス情報としての再量子化コードＱｉと、動きクラス検出回路１５８より出力される動きクラスのクラス情報ＭＶに基づき、ＨＤ信号（５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号）に係る注目画素が属するクラスを示すクラスコードＣＬを得るためのクラス合成回路１５９を有している。このクラス合成回路１５９も、上述したプロセッシング部６６のクラス合成回路１２６と同様に構成される。
【０２５９】
また、係数種データ生成装置１５０は、入力端子１５１に供給されるＨＤ信号より得られる注目画素データとしての各ＨＤ画素データｙと、この各ＨＤ画素データｙにそれぞれ対応して第１のタップ選択回路１５３で選択的に取り出される予測タップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）ｘｉと、各ＨＤ画素データｙにそれぞれ対応してクラス合成回路１５９より出力されるクラスコードＣＬとから、各クラス毎に、係数種データｗ１０〜ｗｎ９を得るための正規方程式（（１３）式参照）を生成する正規方程式生成部１６０を有している。
【０２６０】
この場合、一個のＨＤ画素データｙとそれに対応するｎ個の予測タップ画素データとの組合せで学習データが生成されるが、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２へのパラメータｈ，ｖが順次変更されていって水平及び垂直の帯域が段階的に変化した複数のＳＤ信号が順次生成されていき、これにより正規方程式生成部１６０では多くの学習データが登録された正規方程式が生成される。
【０２６１】
ここで、ＨＤ信号と、そのＨＤ信号から帯域が狭いフィルタを作用させて生成したＳＤ信号との間で学習して算出した係数種データは、解像度の高いＨＤ信号を得るためのものとなる。逆に、ＨＤ信号と、そのＨＤ信号から帯域が広いフィルタを作用させて生成したＳＤ信号との間で学習して算出した係数種データは解像度の低いＨＤ信号を得るためのものとなる。上述したように複数のＳＤ信号を順次生成して学習データを登録することで、連続した解像度のＨＤ信号を得るための係数種データを求めることが可能となる。
【０２６２】
なお、第１のタップ選択回路１５３の前段に時間合わせ用の遅延回路を配置することで、この第１のタップ選択回路１５３から正規方程式生成部１６０に供給されるＳＤ画素データｘｉのタイミング合わせを行うことができる。
【０２６３】
また、係数種データ生成装置１５０は、正規方程式生成部１６０でクラス毎に生成された正規方程式のデータが供給され、クラス毎に正規方程式を解いて、各クラスの係数種データｗ１０〜ｗｎ９を求める係数種データ決定部１６１と、この求められた係数種データｗ１０〜ｗｎ９を記憶する係数種メモリ１６２とを有している。係数種データ決定部１６１では、正規方程式が例えば掃き出し法などによって解かれて、付加データｗ１０〜ｗｎ９が求められる。
【０２６４】
図３８に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０の動作を説明する。入力端子１５１には教師信号としてのＨＤ信号（５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号）が供給され、そしてこのＨＤ信号に対してＳＤ信号生成回路１５２で水平及び垂直の間引き処理が行われて入力信号としてのＳＤ信号（５２５ｉ信号）が生成される。
【０２６５】
この場合、第１の変換方法（図２３のプロセッシング部６６で５２５ｉ信号より５２５ｐ信号を得る）が選択される場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２では５２５ｐ信号に対して間引き処理が施されてＳＤ信号が生成される。一方、第２の変換方法（図２３のプロセッシング部６６で５２５ｉ信号より１０５０ｉ信号を得る）が選択される場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２では１０５０ｉ信号に対して間引き処理が施されてＳＤ信号が生成される。またこの場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２にはパラメータｈ，ｖが制御信号として供給され、水平及び垂直の帯域が段階的に変化した複数のＳＤ信号が順次生成されていく。
【０２６６】
このＳＤ信号（５２５ｉ信号）より、第２のタップ選択回路１５４で、ＨＤ信号（５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号）に係る注目画素の周辺に位置する空間クラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）が選択的に取り出される。この第２のタップ選択回路１５４では、タップ選択制御回路１５６より供給される、選択された変換方法、及び動きクラス検出回路１５８で検出される動きクラスに対応したタップ位置情報に基づいて、タップの選択が行われる。
【０２６７】
この第２のタップ選択回路１５４で選択的に取り出される空間クラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）は空間クラス検出回路１５７に供給される。この空間クラス検出回路１５７では、空間クラスタップのデータとしての各ＳＤ画素データに対してＡＤＲＣ処理が施されて空間クラス（主に空間内の波形表現のためのクラス分類）のクラス情報としての再量子化コードＱｉが得られる（（１）式参照）。
【０２６８】
また、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２で生成されたＳＤ信号より、第３のタップ選択回路１５５で、ＨＤ信号に係る注目画素の周辺に位置する動きクラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）が選択的に取り出される。この場合、第３のタップ選択回路１５５では、タップ選択制御回路１５６より供給される、選択された変換方法に対応したタップ位置情報に基づいて、タップの選択が行われる。
【０２６９】
この第３のタップ選択回路１５５で選択的に取り出される動きクラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）は動きクラス検出回路１５８に供給される。この動きクラス検出回路１５８では、動きクラスタップのデータとしての各ＳＤ画素データより動きクラス（主に動きの程度を表すためのクラス分類）のクラス情報ＭＶが得られる。
【０２７０】
この動き情報ＭＶと上述した再量子化コードＱｉはクラス合成回路１５９に供給される。このクラス合成回路１５９では、これら動き情報ＭＶと再量子化コードＱｉとから、ＨＤ信号（５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号）に係る注目画素が属するクラスを示すクラスコードＣＬが得られる（（３）式参照）。
【０２７１】
また、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２で生成されるＳＤ信号より、第１のタップ選択回路１５３で、ＨＤ信号に係る注目画素の周辺に位置する予測タップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）が選択的に取り出される。この場合、第１のタップ選択回路１５３では、タップ選択制御回路１５６より供給される、選択された変換方法に対応したタップ位置情報に基づいて、タップの選択が行われる。
【０２７２】
そして、入力端子１５１に供給されるＨＤ信号より得られる注目画素データとしての各ＨＤ画素データｙと、この各ＨＤ画素データｙにそれぞれ対応して第１のタップ選択回路１５３で選択的に取り出される予測タップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）ｘｉと、各ＨＤ画素データｙにそれぞれ対応してクラス合成回路１５９より出力されるクラスコードＣＬとから、正規方程式生成部１６０では、各クラス毎に、係数種データｗ１０〜ｗｎ９を生成するための正規方程式（（１３）式参照）が生成される。
【０２７３】
そして、係数種データ決定部１６１でその正規方程式が解かれ、各クラス毎の係数種データｗ１０〜ｗｎ９が求められ、その係数種データｗ１０〜ｗｎ９はクラス別にアドレス分割された係数種メモリ１６２に記憶される。
【０２７４】
このように、図３８に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０においては、図２３のプロセッシング部６６の情報メモリバンク１３５に記憶される各クラスの係数種データｗ１０〜ｗｎ９を生成することができる。この場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２では、選択された変換方法によって５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号を使用してＳＤ信号（５２５ｉ信号）が生成されるものであり、第１の変換方法（プロセッシング部６６で５２５ｉ信号より５２５ｐ信号を得る）及び第２の変換方法（プロセッシング部６６で５２５ｉ信号より１０５０ｉ信号を得る）に対応した係数種データを生成できる。
【０２７５】
次に、係数種データの生成方法の他の例について説明する。この例においても、上述した（５）式の生成式における付加データである係数種データｗ１０〜ｗｎ９を求める例を示すものとする。
【０２７６】
図４０は、この例の概念を示している。ＨＤ信号から複数のＳＤ信号を生成する。例えば、ＨＤ信号からＳＤ信号を生成する際に使用するフィルタの水平帯域と垂直帯域を可変するパラメータｈ，ｖをそれぞれ９段階に可変して、合計８１種類のＳＤ信号を生成する。このようにして生成した各ＳＤ信号とＨＤ信号との間で学習を行って、（４）式の推定式の付加データＷｉを生成する。そして、各ＳＤ信号に対応して生成された付加データＷｉを使用して係数種データを生成する。
【０２７７】
まず、推定式の付加データの求め方を説明する。ここでは、（４）式の推定式の付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）を最小二乗法により求める例を示すものとする。一般化した例として、Ｘを入力データ、Ｗを付加データ、Ｙを予測値として、（１５）式の観測方程式を考える。この（１５）式において、ｍは学習データの数を示し、ｎは予測タップの数を示している。
【０２７８】
【数１２】

【０２７９】
（１５）式の観測方程式により収集されたデータに最小二乗法を適用する。この（１５）式の観測方程式をもとに、（１６）式の残差方程式を考える。
【０２８０】
【数１３】

【０２８１】
（１６）式の残差方程式から、各Ｗｉの最確値は、（１７）式のｅ２を最小にする条件が成り立つ場合と考えられる。すなわち、（１８）式の条件を考慮すればよいわけである。
【０２８２】
【数１４】

【０２８３】
つまり、（１８）式のｉに基づくｎ個の条件を考え、これを満たす、Ｗ１，Ｗ２，・・・，Ｗｎを算出すればよい。そこで、（１６）式の残差方程式から、（１９）式が得られる。さらに、（１９）式と（１５）式とから、（２０）式が得られる。
【０２８４】
【数１５】

【０２８５】
そして、（１６）式と（２０）式とから、（２１）式の正規方程式が得られる。
【０２８６】
【数１６】

【０２８７】
（２１）式の正規方程式は、未知数の数ｎと同じ数の方程式を立てることが可能であるので、各Ｗｉの最確値を求めることができる。この場合、掃き出し法等を用いて連立方程式を解くことになる。
【０２８８】
次に、各ＳＤ信号に対応して生成された付加データを使用して、係数種データの求め方を説明する。
【０２８９】
パラメータｈ，ｖに対応したＳＤ信号を用いた学習による、あるクラスの付加データが、ｋｖｈｉとなったとする。ここで、ｉは予測タップの番号である。このｋｖｈｉから、このクラスの係数種データを求める。
【０２９０】
各付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）は、係数種データｗ１０〜ｗｎ９を使って、上述した（５）式で表現される。ここで、付加データＷｉに対して最小二乗法を使用することを考えると、残差は、（２２）式で表される。
【０２９１】
【数１７】

【０２９２】
ここで、ｔｊは、上述の（７）式に示されている。（２２）式に最小二乗法を作用させると、（２３）式が得られる。
【０２９３】
【数１８】

【０２９４】
ここで、Ｘｊｋ，Ｙｊをそれぞれ（２４）式、（２５）式のように定義すると、（２３）式は（２６）式のように書き換えられる。この（２６）式も正規方程式であり、この式を掃き出し法等の一般解法で解くことにより、係数種データｗ１０〜ｗｎ９を算出することができる。
【０２９５】
【数１９】

【０２９６】
図４１は、図４０に示す概念に基づいて係数種データを生成する係数種データ生成装置１５０′の構成を示している。この図４１において、図４０と対応する部分には同一符号を付し、その詳細説明は省略する。
【０２９７】
係数種データ生成装置１５０′は、入力端子１５１に供給されるＨＤ信号より得られる注目画素データとしての各ＨＤ画素データｙと、この各ＨＤ画素データｙにそれぞれ対応して第１のタップ選択回路１５３で選択的に取り出される予測タップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）ｘｉと、各ＨＤ画素データｙにそれぞれ対応してクラス合成回路１５９より出力されるクラスコードＣＬとから、クラス毎に、付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）を得るための正規方程式（（２１）式参照）を生成する正規方程式生成部１７１を有している。
【０２９８】
この場合、一個のＨＤ画素データｙとそれに対応するｎ個の予測タップ画素データとの組合せで学習データが生成されるが、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２へのパラメータｈ，ｖが順次変更されていって水平及び垂直の帯域が段階的に変化した複数のＳＤ信号が順次生成されていき、ＨＤ信号と各ＳＤ信号との間でそれぞれ学習データの生成が行われる。これにより、正規方程式生成部１７１では、各ＳＤ信号のそれぞれ対応して、クラス毎に、付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）を得るための正規方程式が生成される。
【０２９９】
また、係数種データ生成装置１５０′は、正規方程式生成部１７１で生成された正規方程式のデータが供給され、その正規方程式を解いて、各ＳＤ信号にそれぞれ対応した各クラスの付加データＷｉを求める付加データ決定部１７２と、この各ＳＤ信号に対応した各クラスの付加データＷｉを使用して、クラス毎に、係数種データｗ１０〜ｗｎ９を得るための正規方程式（（２６）式参照）を生成する正規方程式生成部１７３とを有している。
【０３００】
また、係数種データ生成装置１５０′は、正規方程式生成部１７３でクラス毎に生成された正規方程式のデータが供給され、クラス毎に正規方程式を解いて、各クラスの係数種データｗ１０〜ｗｎ９を求める係数種データ決定部１７４と、この求められた係数種データｗ１０〜ｗｎ９を記憶する係数種メモリ１６２とを有している。
【０３０１】
図４１に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０′のその他は、図３８に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０と同様に構成される。
【０３０２】
図４１に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０′の動作を説明する。入力端子１５１には教師信号としてのＨＤ信号（５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号）が供給され、そしてこのＨＤ信号に対してＳＤ信号生成回路１５２で水平及び垂直の間引き処理が行われて入力信号としてのＳＤ信号（５２５ｉ信号）が生成される。
【０３０３】
この場合、第１の変換方法（図２３のプロセッシング部６６で５２５ｉ信号より５２５ｐ信号を得る）が選択される場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２では５２５ｐ信号に対して間引き処理が施されてＳＤ信号が生成される。一方、第２の変換方法（図２３のプロセッシング部６６で５２５ｉ信号より１０５０ｉ信号を得る）が選択される場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２では１０５０ｉ信号に対して間引き処理が施されてＳＤ信号が生成される。またこの場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２にはパラメータｈ，ｖが制御信号として供給され、水平及び垂直の帯域が段階的に変化した複数のＳＤ信号が順次生成されていく。
【０３０４】
このＳＤ信号（５２５ｉ信号）より、第２のタップ選択回路１５４で、ＨＤ信号（５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号）に係る注目画素の周辺に位置する空間クラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）が選択的に取り出される。この第２のタップ選択回路１５４では、タップ選択制御回路１５６より供給される、選択された変換方法、及び動きクラス検出回路１５８で検出される動きクラスに対応したタップ位置情報に基づいて、タップの選択が行われる。
【０３０５】
この第２のタップ選択回路１５４で選択的に取り出される空間クラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）は空間クラス検出回路１５７に供給される。この空間クラス検出回路１５７では、空間クラスタップのデータとしての各ＳＤ画素データに対してＡＤＲＣ処理が施されて空間クラス（主に空間内の波形表現のためのクラス分類）のクラス情報としての再量子化コードＱｉが得られる（（１）式参照）。
【０３０６】
また、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２で生成されたＳＤ信号より、第３のタップ選択回路１５５で、ＨＤ信号に係る注目画素の周辺に位置する動きクラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）が選択的に取り出される。この場合、第３のタップ選択回路１５５では、タップ選択制御回路１５６より供給される、選択された変換方法に対応したタップ位置情報に基づいて、タップの選択が行われる。
【０３０７】
この第３のタップ選択回路１５５で選択的に取り出される動きクラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）は動きクラス検出回路１５８に供給される。この動きクラス検出回路１５８では、動きクラスタップのデータとしての各ＳＤ画素データより動きクラス（主に動きの程度を表すためのクラス分類）のクラス情報ＭＶが得られる。
【０３０８】
この動き情報ＭＶと上述した再量子化コードＱｉはクラス合成回路１５９に供給される。このクラス合成回路１５９では、これら動き情報ＭＶと再量子化コードＱｉとから、ＨＤ信号（５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号）に係る注目画素が属するクラスを示すクラスコードＣＬが得られる（（３）式参照）。
【０３０９】
また、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２で生成されるＳＤ信号より、第１のタップ選択回路１５３で、ＨＤ信号に係る注目画素の周辺に位置する予測タップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）が選択的に取り出される。この場合、第１のタップ選択回路１５３では、タップ選択制御回路１５６より供給される、選択された変換方法に対応したタップ位置情報に基づいて、タップの選択が行われる。
【０３１０】
そして、入力端子１５１に供給されるＨＤ信号より得られる注目画素データとしての各ＨＤ画素データｙと、この各ＨＤ画素データｙにそれぞれ対応して第１のタップ選択回路１５３で選択的に取り出される予測タップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）ｘｉと、各ＨＤ画素データｙにそれぞれ対応してクラス合成回路１５９より出力されるクラスコードＣＬとから、正規方程式生成部１７１では、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２で生成される各ＳＤ信号のそれぞれ対応して、クラス毎に、付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）を得るための正規方程式（（２１）式参照）が生成される。
【０３１１】
そして、付加データ決定部１７２でその正規方程式が解かれ、各ＳＤ信号にそれぞれ対応した各クラスの付加データＷｉが求められる。正規方程式生成部１７３では、この各ＳＤ信号にそれぞれ対応した各クラスの付加データＷｉから、クラス毎に、係数種データｗ１０〜ｗｎ９を得るための正規方程式（（２６）式参照）が生成される。
【０３１２】
そして、係数種データ決定部１７４でその正規方程式が解かれ、各クラスの係数種データｗ１０〜ｗｎ９が求められ、その係数種データｗ１０〜ｗｎ９はクラス別にアドレス分割された係数種メモリ１６２に記憶される。
【０３１３】
このように、図４１に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０′においても、図２３のプロセッシング部６６の情報メモリバンク１３５に記憶される各クラスの係数種データｗ１０〜ｗｎ９を生成することができる。この場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２では、選択された変換方法によって５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号を使用してＳＤ信号（５２５ｉ信号）が生成されるものであり、第１の変換方法（プロセッシング部６６で５２５ｉ信号より５２５ｐ信号を得る）及び第２の変換方法（プロセッシング部６６で５２５ｉ信号より１０５０ｉ信号を得る）に対応した係数種データを生成できる。
【０３１４】
なお、図２３のプロセッシング部６６では、付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）を生成するために（５）式の生成式を使用したが、例えば、（２７）式、（２８）式などを使用してもよく、さらに次数の異なった多項式や、他の関数で表現される式でも実現可能である。
【０３１５】
【数２０】

【０３１６】
また、図２３のプロセッシング部６６では、水平解像度を指定するパラメータｈと垂直解像度を指定するパラメータｖとを設定し、これらパラメータｈ，ｖの値を調整することで画像の水平及び垂直の解像度を調整し得るものを示したが、例えばノイズ除去度（ノイズ低減度）を指定するパラメータｚを設け、このパラメータｚの値を調整することで画像のノイズ除去度を調整し得るものも同様に構成することができる。
【０３１７】
この場合、付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）を生成する生成式として、例えば、（２９）式、（３０）式などを使用でき、さらに次数の異なった多項式や、他の関数で表現される式でも実現可能である。
【０３１８】
【数２１】

【０３１９】
なお、上述したようにパラメータｚを含む生成式の付加データである係数種データは、上述したパラメータｈ，ｖを含む生成式の付加データである係数種データを生成する場合と同様に、図３８に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０あるいは図４１に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０′により生成できる。
【０３２０】
その場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２には、パラメータｚが制御信号として供給され、このパラメータｚの値に対応して、ＨＤ信号からＳＤ信号を生成する際に、ＳＤ信号に対するノイズ付加状態が段階的に可変される。このようにＳＤ信号に対するノイズ付加状態を段階的に可変させて学習データを登録することで、連続したノイズ除去度を得るための係数種データを生成することができる。
【０３２１】
ここで、パラメータｚの値に対応したノイズ付加方法の詳細について、幾つかの例を示す。
【０３２２】
例えば、図４２中の（Ａ）に示すように、ＳＤ信号に振幅レベルを段階的に変化させたノイズ信号を加えて、段階的にノイズレベルが変化するＳＤ信号を生成する。
【０３２３】
また例えば、図４２中の（Ｂ）に示すように、ＳＤ信号に一定振幅レベルのノイズ信号を加えるが、加える画面領域を段階的に可変する。
【０３２４】
さらに例えば、図４２中の（Ｃ）に示すように、ＳＤ信号（１画面分）として、ノイズが含まれていないものと、ノイズが含まれているものとを用意する。そして、正規方程式を生成する際に、それぞれのＳＤ信号に対して複数回の学習を行う。
【０３２５】
例えば、「ノイズ０」ではノイズなしのＳＤ信号に対して１００回の学習を行い、「ノイズｉ」ではノイズなしのＳＤ信号に対して３０回の学習を行うと共にノイズありのＳＤ信号に対して７０回の学習を行う。この場合、「ノイズｉ」の方がノイズ除去度が高い係数種データを算出する学習系になる。このように、ノイズなしとノイズありのＳＤ信号に対する学習回数を段階的に変化させて学習を行うことにより、連続したノイズ除去度を得るための係数種データを得ることができる。
【０３２６】
この手法を、正規方程式の加算という形で実現することもできる。まず、「ノイズ０」〜「ノイズｉ」における推定式の付加データを算出するような学習を行う。このときの正規方程式は、上述した（２１）式に示すようになる。ここで、Ｐｉｊ，Ｑｊをそれぞれ（３１）式、（３２）式のように定義すると、（２１）式は（３３）式のように書き換えられる。ここで、ｘｉｊはｊ番目の予測タップ位置のＳＤ画素データのｉ番目の学習値、ｙｉはＨＤ画素データのｉ番目の学習値、Ｗｉは係数を表している。
【０３２７】
【数２２】

【０３２８】
このような学習を用いて、ノイズなしのＳＤ信号を学習した場合における、（３３）式の左辺を〔Ｐ１ｉｊ〕、右辺を〔Ｑ１ｉ〕と定義し、同様に、ノイズありのＳＤ信号を学習した場合における、（３３）式の左辺を〔Ｐ２ｉｊ〕、右辺を〔Ｑ２ｉ〕と定義する。このような場合に、（３４）式、（３５）式のように、〔Ｐａｉｊ〕、〔Ｑａｉ〕を定義する。ただし、ａ（０≦ａ≦１）である。
【０３２９】
〔Ｐａｉｊ〕＝（１−ａ）〔Ｐ１ｉｊ〕＋ａ〔Ｐ２ｉｊ〕 ・・・（３４）
〔Ｑａｉ〕＝（１−ａ）〔Ｑ１ｉ〕 ＋ａ〔Ｑ２ｉ〕 ・・・（３５）
ここで、ａ＝０の場合の正規方程式は（３６）式で表され、これは図４２中のＣの「ノイズ０」の場合の正規方程式と等価になり、ａ＝０．７の場合は「ノイズｉ」の場合の正規方程式と等価になる。
【０３３０】
〔Ｐａｉｊ〕〔Ｗｉ〕＝〔Ｑａｉ〕 ・・・（３６）
このａを段階的に変化させて各ノイズレベルの正規方程式を作ることにより、目的とする係数種データを得ることができる。この場合、図４１の係数種データ生成装置１５０′で説明したと同様に、各ノイズレベルの正規方程式よりそれぞれ付加データをＷｉを算出し、この各段階の付加データを使用して係数種データを求めることができる。
【０３３１】
また、各ノイズレベルの正規方程式を組み合わせることにより、上述した（１３）式のような係数種データを得るための正規方程式を生成することも可能である。この手法については、以下に具体的に説明する。ここでは、上述した（３０）式を用いて、係数種データを求める正規方程式を生成する場合を考える。
【０３３２】
予め、予め何種類かのパラメータｚに対応したノイズレベルのＳＤ信号を生成して学習を行い、上述した（３４）式、（３５）式に表される〔Ｐ〕、〔Ｑ〕を用意しておく。それらを、〔Ｐｎｉｊ〕、〔Ｑｎｉ〕と表す。また、また、上述した（７）式は、（３７）式のように書き換えられる。
【０３３３】
ｔ０＝１，ｔ１＝ｚ，ｔ２＝ｚ２ ・・・（３７）
この場合、上述した（２４）式、（２５）式は、それぞれ（３８）式、（３９）式のように書き換えられる。これらの式に対し、（４０）式を解くことで、係数種データｗｉｊを求めることができる。ここで、予測タップの総数を表す変数はｍに書き換えている。
【０３３４】
【数２３】

【０３３５】
また、図２３のプロセッシング部６６では、水平解像度を指定するパラメータｈと垂直解像度を指定するパラメータｖとを設定し、これらパラメータｈ，ｖの値を調整することで画像の水平及び垂直の解像度を調整し得るものを示したが、水平及び垂直の解像度を１個のパラメータで調整するように構成することもできる。例えば、水平及び垂直の解像度を指定する１個のパラメータｒを設定する。この場合、例えば、ｒ＝１はｈ＝１、ｖ＝１、ｒ＝２はｈ＝２、ｖ＝２、・・・、あるいはｒ＝１はｈ＝１、ｖ＝２、ｒ＝２はｈ＝２、ｖ＝３、・・・のような対応関係とされる。この場合、付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）を生成する生成式としては、ｒの多項式等が使用されることとなる。
【０３３６】
また、図２３のプロセッシング部６６では、水平解像度を指定するパラメータｈと垂直解像度を指定するパラメータｖとを設定し、これら複数種類のパラメータｈ，ｖの値を調整することで画像の水平及び垂直の解像度を調整し得るものを示したが、上述した水平及び垂直の解像度を指定するパラメータｒと、上述ノイズ除去度（ノイズ低減度）を指定するパラメータｚとを設定し、これら複数種類のパラメータｒ，ｚの値を調整することで、画像の水平及び垂直の解像度とノイズ除去度とを調整し得るものも同様に構成することができる。
【０３３７】
この場合、付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）を生成する生成式として、例えば、（４１）式等を使用でき、さらに次数の異なった多項式や、他の関数で表現される式でも実現可能である。
【０３３８】
【数２４】

【０３３９】
パラメータｒ，ｚを含む生成式の付加データである係数種データは、上述したパラメータｈ，ｖを含む生成式の付加データである係数種データを生成する場合と同様に、図３８に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０あるいは図４１に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０′により生成できる。
【０３４０】
その場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２には、パラメータｒ，ｚが制御信号として供給され、このパラメータｒ，ｚの値に対応して、ＨＤ信号からＳＤ信号を生成する際に、ＳＤ信号の水平、垂直の帯域と、ＳＤ信号に対するノイズ付加状態とが段階的に可変される。
【０３４１】
図４３は、パラメータｒ，ｚの値に対応したＳＤ信号の生成例を示している。この例では、パラメータｒ，ｚはそれぞれ９段階に可変され、合計８１種類のＳＤ信号が生成される。なお、パラメータｒ，ｚを９段階よりもさらに多くの段階に可変するようにしてもよい。その場合には、算出される係数種データの精度は良くなるが、計算量は増えることとなる。
【０３４２】
また、図２３のプロセッシング部６６では、水平解像度を指定するパラメータｈと垂直解像度を指定するパラメータｖとを設定し、これら複数種類のパラメータｈ，ｖの値を調整することで画像の水平及び垂直の解像度を調整し得るものを示したが、これらパラメータｈ，ｖの他に、さらに上述したノイズ除去度（ノイズ低減度）を指定するパラメータｚを設定し、これら複数種類のパラメータｈ，ｖ，ｚの値を調整することで、画像の水平及び垂直の解像度とノイズ除去度とを調整し得るものも同様に構成することができる。
【０３４３】
この場合、付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）を生成する生成式として、例えば、（４２）式等を使用でき、さらに次数の異なった多項式や、他の関数で表現される式でも実現可能である。
【０３４４】
【数２５】

【０３４５】
パラメータｈ，ｖ，ｚを含む生成式の付加データである係数種データは、上述したパラメータｈ，ｖを含む生成式の付加データである係数種データを生成する場合と同様に、図３８に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０あるいは図４１に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０′により生成できる。
【０３４６】
その場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２には、パラメータｈ，ｖ，ｚが制御信号として供給され、このパラメータｈ，ｖ，ｚの値に対応して、ＨＤ信号からＳＤ信号を生成する際に、ＳＤ信号の水平、垂直の帯域と、ＳＤ信号に対するノイズ付加状態とが段階的に可変される。
【０３４７】
図４４は、パラメータｈ，ｖ，ｚの値に対応したＳＤ信号の生成例を示している。この例では、パラメータｈ，ｖ，ｚはそれぞれ９段階に可変され、合計７２９種類のＳＤ信号が生成される。なお、パラメータｈ，ｖ，ｚを９段階よりもさらに多くの段階に可変するようにしてもよい。その場合には、算出される係数種データの精度は良くなるが、計算量は増えることとなる。
【０３４８】
なお、図２３のプロセッシング部６６における処理を、例えば図４５に示すような映像信号処理装置３００によって、ソフトウェアで実現することも可能である。
【０３４９】
まず、図４５に示す映像信号処理装置３００について説明する。この映像信号処理装置３００は、装置全体の動作を制御するＣＰＵ３０１と、このＣＰＵ３０１の動作プログラムや係数種データ等が格納されたＲＯＭ（ｒｅａｄ ｏｎｌｙ ｍｅｍｏｒｙ）３０２と、ＣＰＵ３０１の作業領域を構成するＲＡＭ（ｒａｎｄｏｍ ａｃｃｅｓｓ ｍｅｍｏｒｙ）３０３とを有している。これらＣＰＵ３０１、ＲＯＭ３０２及びＲＡＭ３０３は、それぞれバス３０４に接続されている。
【０３５０】
また、映像信号処理装置３００は、外部記憶装置としてのハードディスクドライブ（ＨＤＤ）３０５と、フレキシブルディスク３０６をドライブするフレキシブルディスクドライブ（ＦＤＤ）３０７とを有している。これらドライブ３０５，３０７は、それぞれバス３０４に接続されている。
【０３５１】
また、映像信号処理装置３００は、インターネット等の通信網４００に有線又は無線で接続する通信部３０８を有している。この通信部３０８は、インタフェース３０９を介してバス３０４に接続されている。
【０３５２】
また、映像信号処理装置３００は、ＳＤ信号を入力するための入力端子３１４と、ＨＤ信号を出力するための出力端子３１５とを有している。入力端子３１４はインタフェース３１６を介してバス３０４に接続され、同様に出力端子３１５はインタフェース３１７を介してバス３０４に接続される。
【０３５３】
ここで、上述したようにＲＯＭ３０２に処理プログラムや係数種データ等を予め格納しておく代わりに、例えばインターネットなどの通信網４００より通信部３０８を介してダウンロードし、ハードディスクやＲＡＭ３０３に蓄積して使用することもできる。また、これら処理プログラムや係数種データ等をフレキシブルディスク３０６で提供するようにしてもよい。
【０３５４】
また、処理すべきＳＤ信号を入力端子３１４より入力する代わりに、予めハードディスクに記録しておき、あるいはインターネットなどの通信網４００より通信部３０８を介してダウンロードしてもよい。また、処理後のＨＤ信号を出力端子３１５に出力する代わり、あるいはそれと並行してディスプレイ３１１に供給して画像表示をしたり、さらにはハードディスクに格納したり、通信部３０８を介してインターネットなどの通信網４００に送出するようにしてもよい。
【０３５５】
図４６のフローチャートを参照して、図４５に示す映像信号処理装置３００における、ＳＤ信号よりＨＤ信号を得るため処理手順を説明する。
【０３５６】
まず、ステップＳＴ１で、処理を開始し、ステップＳＴ２で、ＳＤ画素データをフレーム単位又はフィールド単位で入力する。このＳＤ画素データが入力端子３１４より入力される場合には、このＳＤ画素データをＲＡＭ３０３に一時的に格納する。また、このＳＤ画素データがハードディスクに記録されている場合には、ハードディスクドライブ３０７でこのＳＤ画素データを読み出し、ＲＡＭ３０３に一時的に格納する。そして、ステップＳＴ３で、入力ＳＤ画素データの全フレーム又は全フィールドの処理が終わっているか否かを判定する。処理が終わっているときは、ステップＳＴ４で、処理を終了する。一方、処理が終わっていないときは、ステップＳＴ５に進む。
【０３５７】
このステップＳＴ５では、画質指定値（例えばパラメータｈ，ｖの値など）を例えばＲＡＭ３０３より読み込む。そして、ステップＳＴ６で、読み込んだ画質指定値及び各クラスの係数種データを使用して、生成式（例えば（５）式）によって、各クラスの推定式（（４）式参照）の付加データＷｉを生成する。
【０３５８】
次に、ステップＳＴ７で、ステップＳＴ２で入力されたＳＤ画素データより、生成すべき各ＨＤ画素データに対応して、クラスタップ及び予測タップの画素データを取得する。そして、ステップＳＴ８で、入力されたＳＤ画素データの全領域においてＨＤ画素データを得る処理が終了したか否かを判定する。終了しているときは、ステップＳＴ２に戻り、次のフレーム又はフィールドのＳＤ画素データの入力処理に移る。一方、処理が終了していないときは、ステップＳＴ９に進む。
【０３５９】
このステップＳＴ９では、ステップＳＴ７で取得されたクラスタップのＳＤ画素データからクラスコードＣＬを生成する。そして、ステップＳＴ１０で、そのクラスコードＣＬに対応した付加データと予測タップのＳＤ画素データを使用して、推定式により、ＨＤ画素データを生成し、その後にステップＳＴ７に戻って、上述したと同様の処理を繰り返す。
【０３６０】
このように、図４６に示すフローチャートに沿って処理をすることで、入力されたＳＤ信号を構成するＳＤ画素データを処理して、ＨＤ信号を構成するＨＤ画素データを得ることができる。上述したように、このように処理して得られたＨＤ信号は出力端子３１５に出力されたり、ディスプレイ３１１に供給されてそれによる画像が表示されたり、さらにはハードディスクドライブ３０５に供給されてハードディスクに記録されたりする。
【０３６１】
また、処理装置の図示は省略するが、図３８の係数種データ生成装置１５０における処理を、ソフトウェアで実現することも可能である。
【０３６２】
図４７のフローチャートを参照して、係数種データを生成するための処理手順を説明する。
【０３６３】
まず、ステップＳＴ２１で、処理を開始し、ステップＳＴ２２で、学習に使われる、画質パターン（例えば、パラメータｈ，ｖで特定される）を選択する。そして、ステップＳＴ２３で、全ての画質パターンに対して学習が終わったか否かを判定する。全ての画質選択パターンに対して学習が終わっていないときは、ステップＳＴ２４に進む。
【０３６４】
このステップＳＴ２４では、既知のＨＤ画素データをフレーム単位又はフィールド単位で入力する。そして、ステップＳＴ２５で、全てのＨＤ画素データについて処理が終了したか否かを判定する。終了したときは、ステップＳＴ２２に戻って、次の画質パターンを選択して、上述したと同様の処理を繰り返す。一方、終了していないときは、ステップＳＴ２６に進む。
【０３６５】
このステップＳＴ２６では、ステップＳＴ２４で入力されたＨＤ画素データより、ステップＳＴ２２で選択された画質パターンに基づいて、ＳＤ画素データを生成する。そして、ステップＳＴ２７で、ステップＳＴ２６で生成されたＳＤ画素データより、ステップＳＴ２４で入力された各ＨＤ画素データに対応して、クラスタップ及び予測タップの画素データを取得する。そして、ステップＳＴ２８で、生成されたＳＤ画素データの全領域において学習処理を終了しているか否かを判定する。学習処理を終了しているときは、ステップＳＴ２４に戻って、次のＨＤ画素データの入力を行って、上述したと同様の処理を繰り返し、一方、学習処理を終了していないときは、ステップＳＴ２９に進む。
【０３６６】
このステップＳＴ２９では、ステップＳＴ２７で取得されたクラスタップのＳＤ画素データからクラスコードＣＬを生成する。そして、ステップＳＴ３０で、正規方程式（（１３）式参照）を生成する。その後に、ステップＳＴ２７に戻る。
【０３６７】
また、ステップＳＴ２３で、全ての画質パターンに対して学習が終わったときは、ステップＳＴ３１に進む。このステップＳＴ３１では、正規方程式を掃き出し法等で解くことによって各クラスの係数種データを算出し、ステップＳＴ３２で、その係数種データをメモリに保存し、その後にステップＳＴ３３で、処理を終了する。
【０３６８】
このように、図４７に示すフローチャートに沿って処理をすることで、図３８に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０と同様の手法によって、各クラスの係数種データを得ることができる。
【０３６９】
また、処理装置の図示は省略するが、図４１の係数種データ生成装置１５０′における処理も、ソフトウェアで実現可能である。
【０３７０】
図４８のフローチャートを参照して、係数種データを生成するための処理手順を説明する。
【０３７１】
まず、ステップＳＴ４１で、処理を開始し、ステップＳＴ４２で、学習に使われる、画質パターン（例えば、パラメータｈ，ｖで特定される）を選択する。そして、ステップＳＴ４３で、全ての画質パターンに対する付加データの算出処理が終了したか否かを判定する。終了していないときは、ステップＳＴ４４に進む。
【０３７２】
このステップＳＴ４４では、既知のＨＤ画素データをフレーム単位又はフィールド単位で入力する。そして、ステップＳＴ４５で、全てのＨＤ画素データについて処理が終了したか否かを判定する。終了していないときは、ステップＳＴ４６で、ステップＳＴ４４で入力されたＨＤ画素データより、ステップＳＴ４２で選択された画質パターンに基づいて、ＳＤ画素データを生成する。
【０３７３】
そして、ステップＳＴ４７で、ステップＳＴ４６で生成されたＳＤ画素データより、ステップＳＴ４４で入力された各ＨＤ画素データに対応して、クラスタップ及び予測タップの画素データを取得する。そして、ステップＳＴ４８で、生成されたＳＤ画素データの全領域において学習処理を終了しているか否かを判定する。学習処理を終了しているときは、ステップＳＴ４４に戻って、次のＨＤ画素データの入力を行って、上述したと同様の処理を繰り返し、一方、学習処理を終了していないときは、ステップＳＴ４９に進む。
【０３７４】
このステップＳＴ４９では、ステップＳＴ４７で取得されたクラスタップのＳＤ画素データからクラスコードＣＬを生成する。そして、ステップＳＴ５０で、付加データを得るための正規方程式（（２１）式参照）を生成する。その後に、ステップＳＴ４７に戻る。
【０３７５】
上述したステップＳＴ４５で、全てのＨＤ画素データについて処理が終了したときは、ステップＳＴ５１で、ステップＳＴ５０で生成された正規方程式を掃き出し法などで解いて、各クラスの付加データを算出する。その後に、ステップＳＴ４２に戻って、次の画質パターンを選択して、上述したと同様の処理を繰り返し、次の画質パターンに対応した、各クラスの付加データを求める。
【０３７６】
また、上述のステップＳＴ４３で、全ての画質パターンに対する付加データの算出処理が終了したときは、ステップＳＴ５２に進む。このステップＳＴ５２では、全ての画質パターンに対する付加データから、係数種データを求めるための正規方程式（（２６）式参照）を生成する。
【０３７７】
そして、ステップＳＴ５３で、ステップＳＴ５２で生成された正規方程式を掃き出し法等で解くことによって各クラスの係数種データを算出し、ステップＳＴ５４で、その係数種データをメモリに保存し、その後にステップＳＴ５５で、処理を終了する。
【０３７８】
このように、図４８に示すフローチャートに沿って処理をすることで、図４１に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０′と同様の手法によって、各クラスの係数種データを得ることができる。
【０３７９】
なお、上述の例においては、ＨＤ信号を生成する際の推定式として線形一次方程式を使用したものを挙げたが、これに限定されるものではなく、例えば推定式として高次方程式を使用するものであってもよい。
【０３８０】
また、上述実施の形態においては、ＳＤ信号（５２５ｉ信号）をＨＤ信号（５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号）に変換する例を示したが、本発明はそれに限定されるものでなく、推定式を使用して第１の映像信号を第２の映像信号に変換するその他の場合にも同様に適用できることは勿論である。
【０３８１】
また、上述の例においては、情報信号が映像信号である場合を示したが、この発明はこれに限定されない。例えば、情報信号が音声信号である場合にも、この発明を同様に適用することができる。
【０３８２】
上述のように、この「クラス分類適応処理」によれば、第１の情報信号を第２の情報信号に変換する際に使用される推定式の付加データを係数種データを用いて生成するものであり、第２の情報信号によって得られる出力の質、例えば画像の画質を無段階になめらかに調整することができる。この場合、出力の質を決めるパラメータに対応した各クラスの付加データをその都度係数種データを使用して生成できるため、大量の付加データを格納しておくメモリを必要とせず、メモリの節約を図ることができる。
【０３８３】
また、「クラス分類適応処理」によれば、係数種データを用いて生成された推定式の付加データの総和を求め、推定式を用いて生成された注目点の情報データをその総和で除算して正規化するものであり、係数種データを用いて生成式で推定式の付加データを求める際の丸め誤差による注目点の情報データのレベル変動を除去できる。
【０３８４】
〔本発明を適用したビジネスモデルについて〕
本発明を適用したビジネスモデルについて、図４９に示すように、コンテンツ提供装置５１０、ディスク作成装置５２０及び複製装置５３０との関係において考える。コンテンツ提供装置５１０は、記録媒体に記録される情報を提供するものである。ディスク作成装置５２０は、情報の記録されていないディスク状記録媒体を作成するものである。複製装置５３０は、情報の記録されていないディスク状記録媒体に、コンテンツ提供装置５１０から提供される情報を記録するものである。ここで、これらコンテンツ提供装置５１０、ディスク作成装置５２０及び複製装置５３０は、それぞれが異なる主体（コンテンツ提供者、ディスク作成者及び複製者）によって所有され運用されているものとする。
【０３８５】
図５０に示すように、ディスク作成装置（ディスク作成者）５２０は、ディスク状記録媒体を作成し、複製装置（複製者）５３０に対して、ディスク状記録媒体を提供する。ここで、複製装置（複製者）５３０に課金され、ディスク作成装置（ディスク作成者）５２０が徴収する。この課金には、ディスク状記録媒体の作成代金と、後のコンテンツ複製料が含まれている。
【０３８６】
そして、コンテンツ提供装置（コンテンツ提供者）５１０から複製装置（複製者）５３０に対して情報（コンテンツ）が提供され、情報の複製が行われる。ここで複製されるディスク状記録媒体は、基本情報及び付加情報が、上述したような本発明の内容にしたがって記録されたものである。ここで、ディスク作成装置（ディスク作成者）５２０に課金され、コンテンツ提供装置（コンテンツ提供者）５１０が徴収する。この課金には、コンテンツ複製料が含まれている。
【０３８７】
これにより、複製装置（複製者）５３０は、ディスク作成装置（ディスク作成者）５２０に対する料金を支払うのみであるが、ディスク作成装置（ディスク作成者）５２０のみならず、コンテンツ提供装置（コンテンツ提供者）５１０に対する支払も確保される。
【０３８８】
【発明の効果】
上述のように、本発明に係る記録媒体及び再生装置においては、再生情報は、基本情報に対して高品質な情報となっているため、基本情報よりも情報量が多く、このままの状態で記録媒体に記録しようとすると、大量の記録媒体が必要となる。
【０３８９】
また、本発明に係る記録装置において記録された情報を再生した再生情報は、基本情報に対して高品質な情報となっているため、基本情報よりも情報量が多く、このままの状態で記録媒体に記録しようとすると、大量の記録媒体が必要となる。
【０３９０】
すなわち、本発明は、記録されたデータの複写が困難となされた記録媒体、再生装置及び記録装置を提供することができるものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明における記録媒体の構成を示す斜視図である。
【図２】上記記録媒体について複製を行う場合のフローチャートである。
【図３】上記記録媒体のデータをダウンロードする場合の構成を示す斜視図である。
【図４】上記記録媒体についてデータをダウンロードする場合のフローチャートである。
【図５】本発明におけるディスク状記録媒体のピットの構成を示す側面図である。
【図６】本発明におけるディスク状記録媒体であって２層の記録層を有するもの及び光学ピックアップ装置の構成を示す側面図である。
【図７】上記ディスク状記録媒体における付加データを示す側面図である。
【図８】本発明におけるディスク状記録媒体のピット及び光吸収層の構成を示す縦断面図である。
【図９】本発明におけるディスク状記録媒体の光磁気層及び光吸収層の構成を示す縦断面図である。
【図１０】本発明におけるディスク状記録媒体のピット及び光磁気層の構成を示す平面図である。
【図１１】本発明におけるディスク状記録媒体のピット及び光磁気層の構成の他の例を示す平面図である。
【図１２】上記ディスク状記録媒体において基本データと付加データとが所定の相対アドレスを隔てている場合を示す平面図である。
【図１３】本発明における再生装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図１４】上記再生装置における光学ピックアップ装置の構成を示す側面図である。
【図１５】上記光学ピックアップ装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図１６】上記光学ピックアップ装置における光磁気信号検出部の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図１７】本発明におけるディスク状記録媒体製造装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図１８】上記ディスク状記録媒体製造装置の要部の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図１９】本発明における記録装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図２０】上記半導体装置の第１の実施の形態における構成を示すブロック図である。
【図２１】上記半導体装置の要部の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図２２】上記半導体装置の第２の実施の形態における構成を示すブロック図である。
【図２３】クラス分類適応処理を行う再生装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図２４】５２５ｉ信号と５２５ｐ信号の画素位置関係を説明するための図である。
【図２５】５２５ｉ信号と１０５０ｉ信号の画素位置関係を説明するための図である。
【図２６】５２５ｉと５２５ｐの画素位置関係と、予測タップの一例を示す図である。
【図２７】５２５ｉと５２５ｐの画素位置関係と、予測タップの一例を示す図である。
【図２８】５２５ｉと１０５０ｉの画素位置関係と、予測タップの一例を示す図である。
【図２９】５２５ｉと１０５０ｉの画素位置関係と、予測タップの一例を示す図である。
【図３０】５２５ｉと５２５ｐの画素位置関係と、空間クラスタップの一例を示す図である。
【図３１】５２５ｉと５２５ｐの画素位置関係と、空間クラスタップの一例を示す図である。
【図３２】５２５ｉと１０５０ｉの画素位置関係と、空間クラスタップの一例を示す図である。
【図３３】５２５ｉと１０５０ｉの画素位置関係と、空間クラスタップの一例を示す図である。
【図３４】５２５ｉと５２５ｐの画素位置関係と、動きクラスタップの一例を示す図である。
【図３５】５２５ｉと１０５０ｉの画素位置関係と、動きクラスタップの一例を示す図である。
【図３６】５２５ｐ信号を出力する場合のライン倍速処理を説明するための図である。
【図３７】係数種データの生成方法の一例の概念を示す図である。
【図３８】係数種データ生成装置の構成例を示すブロック図である。
【図３９】帯域フィルタの周波数特性の一例を示す図である。
【図４０】係数種データの生成方法の他の例の概念を示す図である。
【図４１】係数種データ生成装置の他の構成例を示すブロック図である。
【図４２】ノイズ付加方法を説明するための図である。
【図４３】ＳＤ信号（パラメータｒ，ｚ）の生成例を示す図である。
【図４４】ＳＤ信号（パラメータｈ，ｖ，ｚ）の生成例を示す図である。
【図４５】ソフトウェアで実現するための映像信号処理装置の構成例を示すブロック図である。
【図４６】映像信号の処理手順を示すフローチャートである。
【図４７】係数種データ生成処理（その１）を示すフローチャートである。
【図４８】係数種データ生成処理（その２）を示すフローチャートである。
【図４９】本発明を適用したビジネスモデルを説明するためのブロック図である。
【図５０】上記ビジネスモデルを説明するためのフローチャートである。
【符号の説明】
１ 記録媒体、ディスク状記録媒体、６ ピット、７ 段状部、１１ 光学ピックアップ装置、１０１ 第１の記録層、１０２ 第２の記録層[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a recording medium for recording various information signals such as a video signal and a music signal, and a reproducing apparatus and a recording apparatus for the recording medium.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, recording media for recording various information signals such as video signals, music signals, and computer programs have been proposed. Such a recording medium is configured and used as a so-called magnetic disk, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, or semiconductor device (semiconductor storage element). As information signals recorded on such a recording medium, both digital data and analog data are used.
[0003]
For example, an optical disc on which digital data is recorded is formed by forming fine irregularities, that is, pits, corresponding to an information signal, which is digital data, on a disc substrate made of a transparent material, and forming a reflective film on the pits. Have been. In this optical disk, the pits are irradiated with a light beam through the disk substrate, and the reflected light beams from the pits are detected, whereby the information signal recorded by the pits can be reproduced.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in a recording medium such as an optical disk as described above, it is easy to copy a recorded information signal to another recording medium as it is, that is, as digital data. For example, if a method and an apparatus for forming pits on the original optical disc are used, the same pits as the pits on the original optical disc are formed on another optical disc based on digital data reproduced from the original optical disc. Can be. Further, digital data reproduced from an optical disk can be recorded on a recording medium of another system such as a magneto-optical disk.
[0005]
The digital data copied in this manner is different from analog data in that the digital data of the copy source is copied in the quality of video and audio demodulated from the data or in the operation of a computer based on the data. There is no deterioration when used. That is, the copied digital data can be said to be data having the same value and quality as the copy source digital data.
[0006]
As described above, if data can be copied without deteriorating the value and quality, there is a possibility that the copyright of digital data as a copy source may not be sufficiently protected.
[0007]
That is, the price of a recording medium on which digital data is recorded and sold regularly includes a so-called copyright fee as a fee for using the recorded digital data. This royalty is paid to the copyright holder of the digital data, thereby protecting the copyright. However, if the digital data copied without permission of the copyright owner has the same value and quality as the digital data of the copy source, those who intend to use this digital data dare to include a royalty in the price. Instead of purchasing a regular recording medium, a lower-priced recording medium on which copied digital data is recorded is used. Then, the copyright holder corresponding to the digital data will not be paid a copyright fee corresponding to the number of persons who actually hold the digital data and the number of times the digital data has been used.
[0008]
In recent years, in order to protect copyright holders from such copying of digital data, a proposal for a recording medium in which data is not easily copied has been desired.
[0009]
Therefore, the present invention has been proposed in view of the above situation, and an object of the present invention is to provide a recording medium in which it is difficult to copy recorded data, and a reproducing apparatus and a recording apparatus therefor.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, a recording medium according to the present invention includes a recording track in which basic data is recorded by pits and additional data serving as additional information for the basic data is recorded by a change in magnetization direction, The reproduction information generated by the predetermined processing based on the basic data and the additional data has higher quality information than the basic information generated from the basic data.
[0011]
In this recording medium, the reproduction information is high-quality information with respect to the basic information. Therefore, the amount of information is larger than that of the basic information. Is required.
[0012]
The reproducing apparatus according to the present invention has a recording track on which basic data is recorded by pits and in which additional data serving as additional information for the basic data is recorded by a change in the magnetization direction. Rotation operation means for mounting a recording medium on which reproduction information generated by predetermined processing based on data becomes higher-quality information than basic information generated from the basic data, and rotating the recording medium; Irradiating means for irradiating the recording medium with laser light, detecting means for detecting the intensity and polarization direction of the reflected light from the recording medium of the laser light irradiated by the irradiating means, First decoding means for reading the basic data based on the detection result of the intensity of the reflected light and decoding basic information from the basic data; A second decoding unit that reads the additional data based on the detection result of the polarization direction of the reflected light by the detection unit and decodes the additional information from the additional data; and a second decoding unit that decodes the additional information from the first and second decoding units. Reproduction means for generating the reproduction information based on the basic information and the additional information.
[0013]
In this reproducing apparatus, since the reproduced information is high-quality information with respect to the basic information, the amount of information is larger than that of the basic information. Is required.
[0014]
The recording apparatus according to the present invention has a recording track on which basic data is recorded by pits and in which additional data serving as additional information for the basic data is recorded by a change in magnetization direction, wherein the basic data and the additional data are recorded. A recording medium in which reproduction information generated by predetermined processing based on the basic information is higher quality information than the basic information generated from the basic data is mounted, and the basic information is encoded and the basic data is output. Encoding means for encoding the additional information for the basic data and outputting the additional data; and first recording for irradiating a light beam on a recording track of the recording medium and recording the basic data on the recording track by pits. Means for irradiating a light beam onto a recording track of the recording medium, and the additional data is recorded on the recording track by a magneto-optical switch. By Tsu preparative it is characterized in that a second recording means for recording.
[0015]
Since the reproduction information obtained by reproducing the information recorded by this recording device is high-quality information with respect to the basic information, the amount of information is larger than that of the basic information. However, a large amount of recording media is required.
[0016]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0017]
[Overview of recording medium]
The recording medium according to the present invention has a first recording section in which basic data is recorded, and a second recording section in which additional data serving as additional information for the basic data recorded in the first recording section is recorded. It is composed. In this recording medium, reproduction information is generated by performing a predetermined process based on the basic data read from the first recording unit and the additional data read from the second recording unit. be able to.
[0018]
This reproduction information has higher quality information than the basic information generated from only the basic data recorded in the first recording unit. Therefore, the reproduction information is information having a larger information amount than the basic information. Further, the reproduction information has an information amount larger than the information amount of the basic information and the additional information used for generating the reproduction information. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, reproduction information is generated by reproducing one recording medium 1 (step st101 in FIG. 2), and when the generated reproduction information is recorded as data, Therefore, a larger number of recording media than the number of original recording media are required (step st102 in FIG. 2).
[0019]
In this recording medium, only when the basic data and the additional data have a predetermined relationship and are recorded by a predetermined recording method, each of them can be read in a state in which “predetermined processing” can be performed. it can.
[0020]
That is, as shown in FIG. 1, basic data (copyable data) and additional data (meaningless data) α can be reproduced from the recording medium 1, and only the basic data can be reproduced from the original recording medium 1. Copying to the recording medium 3 having substantially the same recording capacity is possible. However, the basic information reproduced only from the basic data is inferior in quality to the reproduction information generated using the additional data. Further, in this recording medium, only the additional data can be copied to the recording medium 4 having a recording capacity substantially equal to that of the original recording medium. However, meaningful information cannot be reproduced only with the additional data.
[0021]
Therefore, if the contents of the "predetermined process" for generating the reproduction information based on the basic data and the additional data are kept secret and difficult to analyze, the contents are recorded on the recording medium 1. It can be extremely difficult to copy the information in its entirety to another recording medium. Further, as described above, recording the reproduction information obtained by reproducing the recording medium 1 as data requires a large number of recording media 2, which is cumbersome and inconvenient.
[0022]
Thus, by making it difficult to copy the recorded information to another recording medium, it is possible to provide a recording medium free from so-called "illegal copying" (step st103 in FIG. 2).
[0023]
The basic information in this recording medium can be, for example, video information, audio information, a computer program, and the like. The additional information is information for improving the quality of video information and audio information reproduced based on the basic data, that is, information for improving, for example, image quality or sound quality. The additional information can be coefficient data generated by “class classification adaptive processing” described later and used for signal processing, or coefficient seed data used for generating this coefficient data. This “class classification adaptive processing” can be performed by a circuit such as a processing unit described later. In the "classification adaptive processing", the additional information can be considered as preset coefficient information for performing an operation on basic data such as video data.
[0024]
Also, the difference between the reproduction information and the basic information, that is, the high-quality content is that when the basic information is video information, the spatial resolution is high, and various additional information is added. can do.
[0025]
As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the recording medium according to the present invention records basic data and additional data obtained (downloaded) from an information network 5 using a public communication line such as the so-called Internet. (Step st104 in FIG. 4). In this case as well, the basic data and the additional data have a predetermined relationship on the recording medium 1 so that they can be read out in a state where “predetermined processing” can be performed thereafter (step st105 in FIG. 4). In accordance with a predetermined recording method.
[0026]
That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the disk architecture is such that it can be reproduced only after recording the basic data (copyable data) and the additional data (data a meaningless data α) with the recording medium architecture. When "illegal copying" is performed, a great deal of labor and time are required for analyzing and manufacturing the recording medium.
[0027]
In the recording medium according to the present invention, since the so-called “illegal copy” is not performed, it is possible to increase the user's willingness to purchase the recording medium that is sold regularly (step st106 in FIG. 2). .
[0028]
These features of the recording medium according to the present invention are features common to each embodiment of the present invention described below.
[0029]
[Disc-shaped recording medium]
The recording medium in the present invention can be configured as a flat recording medium such as a disk-shaped recording medium or a card-shaped recording medium. The flat recording medium can be configured as a disk-shaped recording medium that is a so-called optical disk from which data recorded by an optical pickup device is read.
[0030]
This disc-shaped recording medium has a first recording section and a second recording section. Basic data is recorded in the first recording unit. In the second recording unit, additional data serving as additional information for the basic data is recorded.
[0031]
The first recording unit is a region where when the light beam is irradiated by the optical pickup device, the properties of the light beam, for example, the amount of light and the polarization direction are changed according to the recorded basic data and reflected. I have. The second recording unit is a region where when a light beam is irradiated by the optical pickup device, the property of the light beam, for example, the amount of light or the polarization direction, is changed according to the recorded additional data and reflected. I have. The additional data in the second recording unit may be recorded by a recording structure similar to that of the first recording unit, or may be recorded by a recording structure different from that of the first recording unit.
[0032]
In the following description, a recording medium according to the present invention configured as a disk-shaped recording medium is described. However, this recording medium is not limited to a disk-shaped recording medium, and may be configured as recording media of various shapes. can do.
[0033]
[First embodiment of disc-shaped recording medium]
In this embodiment, the disc-shaped recording medium of the present invention is configured as an optical disc having one recording layer. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the disc-shaped recording medium 1 configured as an optical disc has a recording layer in which basic data is recorded by pits 6. This basic data is recorded as digital data, and becomes basic information such as video information by demodulation as described above. The pits 6 are a row of fine irregularities having a predetermined height. When the pit 6 is irradiated with the laser beam L condensed by the optical pickup device, the laser beam L is scattered. By detecting the reflected light from the medium 1, the presence or absence of a signal is detected. The height of the pit 6 is １ ／ of the wavelength of the laser beam L emitted by the optical pickup device.
[0034]
In the disc-shaped recording medium 1 configured as the optical disc, a stepped portion 7 for recording additional data is formed in a part of the pit 6 of the recording layer. The stepped portion 7 is formed so as to overlap the pit 6 and has a lower height than the pit 6. The step portion 7 has a height that does not cause any trouble when reading data recorded in the pits 6. This additional data may be digital data or analog data. From this stepped portion 7, a laser beam focused at a position different from the recording layer, that is, a position different from the focused position of the laser beam when reading the basic data recorded by the pits 6 is focused. The additional data is read out by irradiating the laser beam with the reflected laser beam.
[0035]
In order to focus a laser beam on a position different from the recording layer, the reflected light beam from the disk-shaped recording medium 1 causes astigmatism in an optical pickup device 25 of a reproducing apparatus to be described later. When the amount and direction are detected by the photodetector 16 which is a so-called four-division photosensor, the focus servo is controlled so that the focus error signal based on the output from the photodetector 16 becomes a non-zero constant value. It can be executed by multiplying.
[0036]
Thus, the optical pickup device 25 reads the basic data and the additional data from the disk-shaped recording medium 1 configured as the optical disk. Then, by performing predetermined signal processing based on the basic data and the additional data, reproduction information is generated. This reproduction information has higher quality information than the basic information generated from only the basic data.
[0037]
The basic data may be digital data, and the additional data may be analog data. In this case, as shown in FIG. 7 showing a change in the value of the additional data in the spatial direction or the time direction, the frequency of the signal forming the analog data A may be higher than the frequency of the digital data. It is assumed that the numerical aperture (NA) of the objective lens for condensing the laser beam and the wavelength of the laser beam are set so that the analog data can be read in the optical pickup device 25 on the reproducing apparatus side. .
[0038]
The above-mentioned stepped portion 7 can be formed not on a part of the pit but on a land part (a part without a pit) other than the pit to record additional data.
[0039]
As a method of modulating and compressing the basic data, various conventionally proposed methods such as “EFM”, “CIRC”, “1 → 7 modulation”, and “Vidabi code” can be used.
[0040]
[Second embodiment of disc-shaped recording medium]
Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the disk-shaped recording medium 1 according to the present invention can be configured as a so-called two-layer disk in which similar recording layers 8 and 9 are stacked. In this case, the recording layer has a configuration in which at least the first recording layer 8 and the second recording layer 9 are laminated on each other.
[0041]
In the case where the additional data is recorded by the step portion, the step portion is formed in a part of each pit of each of the first and second recording layers. From such a step portion, additional data is read by reflected light of a laser beam focused between the first recording layer 8 and the second recording layer 9. In order to focus a laser beam between the recording layers 8 and 9, as shown in FIG. 6, astigmatism is applied to the reflected beam from the disc-shaped recording medium 1 in an optical pickup device 25 of a reproducing device described later. It may be caused. Detecting the amount and direction of the astigmatism by the photodetector 16 which is a so-called four-segment photosensor and reading out the additional data means that the focus error signal based on the output from the photodetector 16 is not a fixed value other than 0. It can be executed by applying the focus servo so that the value becomes a value. In this case, as shown in FIG. 6, by shifting the position of the 4-split sensor, it is possible to control the defocus position closer to the second layer 9 than to the first layer 8.
[0042]
[Third embodiment of disk-shaped recording medium]
Further, in the present invention, the disc-shaped recording medium is, as shown in FIG. 8, a first recording layer 18 on which basic data is recorded by pits on a disc substrate 17, and is laminated on the first recording layer 18. And a second recording layer 19 having a second recording layer 19 on which additional data is recorded by a change in transmittance.
[0043]
In the first recording layer 18, pits corresponding to the basic data are formed, and the pits record the basic data. Then, basic data is read from the first recording layer 18 by a change in the amount of reflected light of the laser beam irradiated by the optical pickup device.
[0044]
When pits are formed in the first recording layer 18, the amount of reflected light of the laser beam irradiated by the optical pickup device becomes substantially zero. The basic data at this time is defined as “0” (or “1”). When no pits are formed in the first recording layer 18, the amount of the reflected light of the laser beam irradiated by the optical pickup device is approximately 100 % Transmission, it is approximately equal to the amount of irradiation light. The basic data at this time is defined as “1” (or “0”).
[0045]
From the second recording layer 19, a laser beam emitted by the optical pickup device is transmitted, reflected by the first recording layer 18, and again changes in the amount of reflected light transmitted through the second recording layer 19. The additional data is read.
[0046]
That is, the portion where no pits are formed in the first recording layer 18 corresponds to the additional data corresponding to the transmittance of the second recording layer 19 and the state where no pits are formed in the first recording layer 18. Basic data ("1" (or "0")) is detected. In the portion where the pits are formed in the first recording layer 18, the amount of the reflected light is substantially 0 regardless of the transmittance of the second recording layer 19, and the pits are formed in the first recording layer 18. Basic data ("0" (or "1")) corresponding to the formed state is detected.
[0047]
The second recording layer 19 includes, for example, an organic dye, and has a bright portion (a portion having a high transmittance) and a dark portion (a portion having a low transmittance) corresponding to additional data. ing. In the second recording layer 19, while the data recorded on the first recording layer 18 is 1-bit data of “1” or “0”, the transmittance is set in multiple stages. , Multi-bit data can be recorded. Further, analog data may be recorded as the recording data.
[0048]
The second recording layer 19 may include a crystal that scatters a laser beam, and the amount of transmitted light may be changed depending on the crystal concentration of the crystal.
[0049]
Also in this disk-shaped recording medium 1, basic data and additional data are read by an optical pickup device 25 described later. By performing predetermined signal processing based on the basic data and the additional data, reproduction information is generated. This reproduction information has higher quality information than the basic information generated from only the basic data.
[0050]
[Fourth embodiment of disk-shaped recording medium]
Further, as shown in FIG. 9, the disc-shaped recording medium 1 according to the present invention has a first recording layer 20 on which basic data is recorded by a change in magnetization direction, and a first recording layer 20 laminated on the first recording layer 20. It may be configured as a magneto-optical disk having a second recording layer 19 formed and recording additional data by a change in transmittance.
[0051]
The first recording layer 20 is a so-called magneto-optical recording layer formed of a magnetic material and recording basic data by changing the magnetization direction. From the first recording layer 20, basic data is read by irradiating a linearly polarized laser beam with an optical pickup device and detecting a change in the polarization direction of reflected light of the laser beam.
[0052]
The second recording layer 19 is formed by being laminated on the first recording layer, and records additional data as additional information to the basic data according to a change in transmittance. From the second recording layer 19, a linearly polarized laser light beam is irradiated by an optical pickup device, and this laser light beam passes through the second recording layer 19, is reflected by the first recording layer 20, is reflected again by the second By detecting a change in the amount of reflected light transmitted through the recording layer 19, the additional data is read. The second recording layer 19 includes, for example, an organic dye, and has a light portion (a portion having a high transmittance) and a dark portion (a portion having a low transmittance) corresponding to additional data. Have been. Further, the second recording layer 19 may include a crystal that scatters a laser beam, and the amount of transmitted light may be changed depending on the crystal concentration of the crystal.
[0053]
In this manner, basic data and additional data are read from the disk-shaped recording medium 1 configured as a magneto-optical disk by the optical pickup device 25 described later. Then, by performing predetermined signal processing based on the basic data and the additional data, reproduction information is generated. This reproduction information has higher quality information than the basic information generated from only the basic data.
[0054]
[Fifth Embodiment of Disc Recording Medium]
Further, as shown in FIG. 10, the disc-shaped recording medium 1 of the present invention has a land portion sandwiched between grooves GV as a recording track TR, a first recording layer 18 on which basic data is recorded by pits 18P, The magneto-optical disk may be configured to have a second recording layer 21 formed by being laminated on the first recording layer 18 and recording additional data by changing the magnetization direction.
[0055]
In the first recording layer 18, a pit 18P corresponding to the basic data is formed, and the basic data is recorded by the pit 18P. Then, basic data is read from the first recording layer 18 by a change in the amount of reflected light of the laser beam irradiated by the optical pickup device.
[0056]
The second recording layer 21 is a so-called magneto-optical recording layer formed of a magnetic material and recording additional data by changing the magnetization direction. The additional data is read from the second recording layer 21 by irradiating a linearly polarized laser beam with an optical pickup device and detecting a change in the polarization direction in the reflected light of the laser beam.
[0057]
In the second recording layer 21, the additional data is recorded by a substantially circular magneto-optical spot 21S formed on the recording track TR, that is, on the pit row of the first recording layer 18. The magneto-optical spots 21S may be circular and have the same shape, all having substantially the same diameter, or may have different areas and shapes. Further, as shown in FIG. 11, the magneto-optical spot 18S includes at least two types of magneto-optical spots 21a having a first area and a magneto-optical spot 21b having a second area smaller than the first area. It is good also as what is done. When there are plural types of diameters (areas) of the magneto-optical spot, different additional data is recorded depending on the difference in the diameter (area), and analog data corresponding to the difference in the diameter (area) is recorded on a recording medium. can do.
[0058]
In the disk-shaped recording medium 1 configured as a magneto-optical disk as described above, the basic data and the additional data are read by the optical pickup device 25 described later. By performing predetermined signal processing based on the basic data and the additional data, reproduction information is generated. This reproduction information has higher quality information than the basic information generated from only the basic data.
[0059]
[Sixth embodiment of disk-shaped recording medium]
In the disc-shaped recording medium according to the sixth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12A, as additional data DA corresponding to a specific basic data DB, relative to the recording position of the basic data, The basic data DB recorded at a position separated by a predetermined address (r, l) is used.
[0060]
That is, in this case, as shown in (B) in FIG. 12, the value of the predetermined address (r, l) which is a relative address is stored at the position where the specific basic data DB is recorded. Are recorded in the same manner as the additional data DA described above. In the disc-shaped recording medium, the basic data DB recorded at a position separated by a predetermined read relative address (r, l) from the recording position of the specific basic data is stored in the specific basic data. The data corresponds to the additional data DA originally corresponding to the data.
[0061]
[Summary of playback device and playback method]
The reproducing apparatus according to the present invention is an apparatus that reads basic data and additional data from the above-described recording medium and each disk-shaped recording medium, and generates reproduction information from the basic data and the additional data. Further, the reproducing method according to the present invention is implemented as an operation executed using the recording medium and each disk-shaped recording medium in the reproducing apparatus.
[0062]
That is, a recording medium having the first recording unit for recording the basic data and the second recording unit for recording the additional data as described above is mounted on the reproducing apparatus. In this reproducing apparatus, basic data is read from a recording medium by a first data obtaining unit, and additional data is read from a recording medium by a second data obtaining unit. Thus, predetermined signal processing is performed to generate reproduction information. This reproducing apparatus includes reproducing means for generating reproduction information based on basic information demodulated from basic data and additional information demodulated from additional data.
[0063]
As described above, the basic data is video data, audio data, and the like. The additional data is data for improving the quality of information reproduced based on the video data, that is, data for improving the image quality and sound quality of the video.
[0064]
Further, in this reproducing apparatus, as the additional data, in addition to the additional data read from the recording medium, externally input data can be used. In this case, the playback device includes external information input means for inputting external information. The external information input means is, for example, a biological information acquisition device that acquires user's biological information as external information, a peripheral environment information acquisition device that acquires information about a peripheral environment as external information, and the like. These biological information acquisition devices and peripheral environment information acquisition devices are configured to include an optical sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and the like.
[0065]
Further, a time measuring device that measures time and outputs time information or time data may be used as the external information input means, and time data or time data may be used as the additional data.
[0066]
In these cases, the reproducing unit generates the reproduction information based on the basic information and the additional information, and further based on the external information input from the external information input unit, or the time information and the time information. Become.
[0067]
In this disk-shaped recording medium, the basic data and the additional data may be digital data or analog data.
[0068]
[Common Configuration of Embodiments of Reproduction Apparatus and Reproduction Method]
As shown in FIG. 13, for example, the playback device 80 according to the present invention includes a rotation operation device 22 that holds and rotates the disk-shaped recording medium 1. The rotation operating device 22 has a spindle motor for rotating the disk-shaped recording medium 1, and is controlled by a system controller 24 via a spindle control circuit 23.
[0069]
The reproducing device 80 includes an optical pickup device 25 that functions as an irradiating unit that irradiates the disk-shaped recording medium 1 with laser light. As shown in FIG. 14, the optical pickup device 25 includes a light source 10 composed of a laser diode, an optical system that irradiates a laser beam emitted from the light source 10 onto the disk-shaped recording medium 1, It is provided with first to third photodetectors 16, 26, and 27 functioning as detecting means for detecting reflected laser light from the disc-shaped recording medium 1.
[0070]
The light emitted from the light source 10 is converted into a parallel light beam by the collimator lens 11, is split into three or more light beams by the diffraction grating 28, passes through the beam splitter 12, and records the signal on the disk-shaped recording medium 1 by the objective lens 14. It is focused on a surface. Then, the reflected light beam from the disc-shaped recording medium 1 reaches the beam splitter 12 via the objective lens 14, is branched from the optical path returning to the light source 10 by the beam splitter 12, and reaches the half mirror 29. One of the reflected light beams split by the half mirror 29 is received by the first photodetector 27 via a λ / 2 (half wavelength) plate 30 and a collimator lens 31. The first photodetector 27 detects the amount of reflected light from the disc-shaped recording medium 1. The output from the first photodetector 27 becomes an RF signal. In the disc-shaped recording medium 1, data recorded by pits and data recorded by a difference in light transmittance or reflectance can be read based on an output from the first photodetector 27. .
[0071]
The other of the reflected light beams branched by the half mirror 29 passes through a compensating plate 32, a λ / 2 (half wavelength) plate 33, a condenser lens 34, and a cylindrical (cylindrical) lens 35, and is further polarized. The light is split by the beam splitter 36 and received by the second and third photodetectors 16 and 26. From the outputs from the second and third photodetectors 16, 26, a magneto-optical signal and various error signals can be generated. That is, the difference between the outputs from the second and third photodetectors 16 and 26 becomes a magneto-optical signal. Data recorded by the magneto-optical spot on the disk-shaped recording medium 1 can be read based on the outputs from the second and third photodetectors 16 and 26.
[0072]
The second and third photodetectors 16 and 26 have light receiving surfaces radially divided into four from the center, and output light independently for each light receiving surface. In the light-receiving surface divided into four parts as described above, outputs from the light-receiving surfaces opposed to each other through the center are added, and a difference signal between these sum signals is taken. As a result, the astigmatic balance generated by the cylindrical lens 35 is obtained. The difference amount is detected, and this signal becomes a focus error signal (so-called astigmatism method). In addition, when a difference signal of the intensity of each of the reflected laser beams from the disc-shaped recording medium 1 of the laser beam split by the diffraction grating 28 is obtained, a tracking error signal is obtained (a so-called three-beam method).
[0073]
The output signal from the first photodetector 27 indicates the amount of reflected light from the disk-shaped recording medium 1, and this signal is sent to the RF circuit 37 as shown in FIG.
[0074]
The output amplified by the RF circuit 37 is sent to an EFM demodulation circuit 38, where EFM demodulation is performed. The output of the EFM demodulation circuit 38 is sent to a “CIRC” decoding circuit 39 and a subcode decoding circuit 40. The signal subjected to the “CIRC” decoding (expansion processing) in the “CIRC” decoding circuit 39 is output to a reproducing circuit 43 functioning as reproducing means via a shockproof memory 41 and a D / A converter 42. The sub-code decoding circuit 40 demodulates the sub-code and sends it to the system controller 24.
[0075]
The optical pickup device 25 is moved by the feed mechanism 44 over the inner and outer circumferences of the disk-shaped recording medium 1. The feed mechanism 44 is controlled by the system controller 24 via a feed control circuit 45.
[0076]
Further, the reproducing device 80 includes a focus control circuit 46 functioning as a focus control unit. The focus control circuit 46 controls the focus of the optical pickup device 25 under the control of the system controller 24 based on the detection result of the reflected light by the photodetector of the optical pickup device 25. This focus adjustment is performed by controlling the movement of the objective lens of the optical pickup device 25 in the optical axis direction so that the position of the focal point of the laser beam emitted from the optical pickup device 25 is adjusted with respect to the signal recording surface of the disc-shaped recording medium 1. This is control for positioning at a predetermined position.
[0077]
The reproducing apparatus 80 includes a tracking control circuit 47 functioning as tracking control means. The tracking control circuit 47 performs tracking adjustment in the optical pickup device 25 under the control of the system controller 24 based on the detection result of the reflected light by the photodetector of the optical pickup device 25. This tracking adjustment is performed by controlling the movement of the objective lens of the optical pickup device 25 in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis (radial direction of the disc-shaped recording medium 1), so that the focal point of the laser beam emitted from the optical pickup device 25 is adjusted. The control is such that the position is on a recording track of the disc-shaped recording medium 1.
[0078]
Note that an operation unit 48 is connected to the system controller 24. From the operation unit 48, an operation signal based on a manual operation is input to the system controller 24.
[0079]
Further, the EFM demodulation circuit 38 functions as first and second decoding means. That is, when the focus control circuit 46 selects the first mode, the EFM demodulation circuit 38 performs the first decoding for decoding the basic information from the basic data based on the detection result of the reflected light by the photodetector. Functions as a means. Further, when the focus control circuit 46 selects the second mode, the EFM demodulation circuit 38 performs the second decoding for decoding the additional information from the additional data based on the detection result of the reflected light by the photodetector. Functions as a means.
[0080]
Then, the reproduction circuit 43 generates reproduction information based on the basic information and the additional information decoded by the EFM demodulation circuit 38. This reproduction information is high-quality information with respect to the basic information reproduced from the basic data.
[0081]
[First Embodiment of Reproduction Apparatus and Reproduction Method]
The playback device according to the present invention can be configured as a device to which the above-described disc-shaped recording medium is mounted and which reproduces information from the disc-shaped recording medium. That is, in this embodiment, a recording layer in which basic data is recorded by pits and additional data which is formed in a step-like manner in a part of the pits of this recording layer is recorded in the reproducing device 80 shown in FIG. A disk-shaped recording medium 1 having a stepped portion is mounted. The additional data is read out by irradiating the stepped portion with laser light focused on a position different from the recording layer, based on the reflected light of the laser light. Then, based on the basic data and the additional data, the reproduction information, which is higher quality information, can be generated for the basic information generated from the basic data by a predetermined process.
[0082]
In this embodiment, the focus control circuit 46 includes a first mode in which the laser beam emitted from the optical pickup device 25 is focused on the recording layer of the disk-shaped recording medium 1 and a mode in which the laser beam is focused on the disk-shaped recording medium 1. And the second mode in which light is condensed at a position different from that of the recording layer. The second mode can be executed by applying focus servo so that the focus error signal based on the output from the second photodetector 16 becomes a constant value other than 0.
[0083]
That is, as shown in FIG. 6, astigmatism is caused in the reflected light beam from the disk-shaped recording medium 1, and the amount and direction of the astigmatism are detected by the second photodetector 16, and the second photodetector 16 detects the astigmatism. By applying focus servo so that the focus error signal based on the output from the photodetector 16 becomes a constant value other than 0, the laser beam is focused between the recording layers of the disc-shaped recording medium, and the additional data Can be read.
[0084]
[Second Embodiment of Reproduction Apparatus and Reproduction Method]
As shown in FIG. 15, the reproducing device 80 according to the present invention can be configured as a device for reproducing information from a so-called two-layer disc in which similar recording layers are stacked. The signal recording layer of the disc-shaped recording medium 1 is configured by laminating at least a first recording layer 8 and a second recording layer 9, and a step portion is formed of each pit of the first and second recording layers. The additional data is read out by a laser beam formed partially and focused between the first recording layer 8 and the second recording layer 9. As shown in FIG. 13, the playback device 80 includes the rotation operation device 22, the optical pickup device 25, and the like.
[0085]
In this embodiment, the focus control circuit 46 includes a first mode in which the laser beam emitted from the optical pickup device 25 is focused on any one of the recording layers of the disk-shaped recording medium 1, The second mode in which light is condensed at a position between the recording layers 8 and 9 of the recording medium 1 can be switched. The second mode can be executed by applying focus servo so that the focus error signal based on the output from the second photodetector 16 becomes a constant value other than 0.
[0086]
Then, in this embodiment, the EFM demodulation circuit 38 functions as first and second decoding means. That is, when the focus control circuit 46 selects the first mode, the EFM demodulation circuit 38 performs the first decoding for decoding the basic information from the basic data based on the detection result of the reflected light by the photodetector. Functions as a means. Further, when the focus control circuit 46 selects the second mode, the EFM demodulation circuit 38 performs the second decoding for decoding the additional information from the additional data based on the detection result of the reflected light by the photodetector. Functions as a means.
[0087]
Then, the reproduction circuit 43 generates reproduction information based on the basic information and the additional information decoded by the EFM demodulation circuit 38. This reproduction information is high-quality information with respect to the basic information reproduced from the basic data.
[0088]
In the reproducing device 80, as shown in FIG. 15, the optical pickup device 25 allows the light flux emitted from the light source 10 composed of a laser diode to sequentially pass through the first to third beam splitters 49a, 49b, 49c. Thus, the disk-shaped recording medium 1 may be configured to be irradiated onto the disk-shaped recording medium 1 via the λ / 4 plate 13 and the triple-focus objective lens 14. In the optical pickup device 25, of the reflected light beam from the disc-shaped recording medium 1, the reflected light beam from the first recording layer 8 is split by the third beam splitter 49c and received by the photodetector 50a. The reflected light beam of the light beam condensed between the first and second recording layers 8 and 9 is split by the second beam splitter 49b and received by the photodetector 50b, and the reflected light beam from the second recording layer 9 Is split by the first beam splitter 49a and received by the photodetector 50c.
[0089]
[Third Embodiment of Reproduction Apparatus and Reproduction Method]
In addition, the reproducing apparatus 80 according to the present invention includes a first recording layer serving as a first recording section on which the above-described basic data is recorded, and a second recording layer serving as a second recording section on which additional data is recorded. It can be configured as a reproducing apparatus to which the disk-shaped recording medium 1 having the layers is mounted.
[0090]
As described above, the disc-shaped recording medium 1 records a first recording layer on which basic data is recorded, and additional data which is formed by being laminated on the first recording layer and which is additional information for the basic data. Reproduction information generated by a predetermined process based on the basic data and the additional data, the reproduction information generated from the basic data and the additional data has higher quality information than the basic information generated from the basic data. It is what becomes.
[0091]
In the disc-shaped recording medium 1, pits corresponding to the basic data are formed in the first recording layer, and the pits record the basic data. Basic data can be read from the first recording layer by a change in the amount of reflected light of the irradiated light beam. In this disc-shaped recording medium, additional data is recorded on the second recording layer by a change in transmittance. From the second recording layer, the illuminated light beam passes through the second recording layer, is reflected by the first recording layer, and is again reflected by the change in the amount of reflected light transmitted through the second recording layer. Data can be read.
[0092]
As shown in FIG. 13, the playback device 80 includes the rotation operation device 22, the optical pickup device 25, and the like.
[0093]
In this embodiment, the optical pickup device 25 is a first data acquisition unit that acquires basic data from the first recording layer of the disc-shaped recording medium 1 based on the detection result of the reflected light by the photodetector. And functions as second data acquisition means for acquiring additional data from the second recording layer of the disc-shaped recording medium 1 based on the detection result of the reflected light by the photodetector.
[0094]
Further, in this embodiment, the EFM demodulation circuit 38 is configured to decode the basic data acquired by the first data acquisition unit from the basic data acquired by the first data acquisition unit and the additional data acquired by the second data acquisition unit. It functions as second decoding means for decoding the additional information.
[0095]
Then, the reproduction circuit 43 generates reproduction information based on the basic information and the additional information decoded by the EFM demodulation circuit 38.
[0096]
[Fourth Embodiment of Reproduction Apparatus and Reproduction Method]
In addition, the reproducing apparatus 80 according to the present invention includes a first recording layer formed of a magnetic material and recording basic data by a change in magnetization direction, and a second recording layer formed by recording additional data by a change in transmittance. Can be configured as a reproducing apparatus to which the disk-shaped recording medium 1 having the above is mounted.
[0097]
In the disc-shaped recording medium 1, basic data can be read from the first recording layer by changing the polarization direction of reflected light of the irradiated light beam. Further, in this disk-shaped recording medium, additional data can be read from the second recording layer by a change in the amount of reflected light of the irradiated light beam.
[0098]
As shown in FIG. 13, the playback device 80 includes the rotation operation device 22, the optical pickup device 25, and the like.
[0099]
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 16, the detection unit 51 of the optical pickup device 25 receives reflected light and converts the reflected light into first reflected light and second reflected light in accordance with the polarization direction component. , A first light detector 26 for detecting the amount of the first reflected light, a second light detector 16 for detecting the amount of the second reflected light, A comparator 52 for comparing the detection results of the second photodetectors 26 and 16 is provided. Then, in the detection unit 51, the polarization direction of the reflected light is detected based on the comparison result by the comparator 52.
[0100]
Further, in this embodiment, the optical pickup device 25 reads out the basic data based on the detection result of the polarization direction of the reflected light by the detection unit 51, and based on the detection result of the intensity of the reflected light by the detection unit 51. To read additional data. Then, the EFM demodulation circuit 38 functions as a first decoding unit that decodes the basic information from the basic data and a second decoding unit that decodes the additional information from the additional data.
[0101]
Then, the reproduction circuit 43 generates reproduction information based on the basic information and the additional information decoded by the EFM demodulation circuit 38.
[0102]
[Fifth Embodiment of Reproduction Apparatus and Reproduction Method]
In addition, the reproducing apparatus 80 according to the present invention is a reproducing apparatus in which basic data is recorded by pits, and the disk-shaped recording medium 1 having a recording track formed of a magnetic material and having additional data recorded by a change in magnetization direction is mounted. It can be configured as a device.
[0103]
In the disk-shaped recording medium 1, basic data is recorded on the recording track by pits, and additional data serving as additional information for the basic data is recorded by a change in the magnetization direction. In this recording track, the additional data is recorded by a substantially circular magneto-optical spot formed on the recording track. The magneto-optical spot is composed of at least two types, one having a first area and one having a second area smaller than the first area. In this disc-shaped recording medium, reproduction information generated by predetermined processing based on basic data and additional data has higher quality information than basic information generated from basic data.
[0104]
As shown in FIG. 13, the playback device 80 includes the rotation operation device 22, the optical pickup device 25, and the like.
[0105]
In this embodiment, the basic data recorded by the pits is read by a change in the amount of light detected by the first photodetector 27, as shown in FIG. Then, as shown in FIG. 16, the detecting section 51 of the optical pickup device 25 receives the reflected light and separates the reflected light into first reflected light and second reflected light according to the polarization direction component. A polarization beam splitter 36, a first photodetector 26 for detecting the amount of first reflected light, a second photodetector 16 for detecting the amount of second reflected light, and first and second A comparator 52 that compares the detection results of the photodetectors 26 and 16 is provided. In the detection unit 51, the polarization direction of the reflected light is detected and the area of the magneto-optical spot is determined based on the comparison result by the comparator 52. The determination of the area of the magneto-optical spot in the detection unit 51 is performed by detecting the ratio of the detection result of the first and second photodetectors 26 and 16 based on the comparison result by the comparator 52.
[0106]
Further, in this embodiment, the optical pickup device 25 reads out the basic data based on the detection result of the intensity of the reflected light by the detection unit 51, and sets the polarization direction of the reflected light and the magneto-optical spot of the reflected light by the detection unit 51. The additional data is read based on the detection result of the area. Then, the EFM demodulation circuit 38 functions as a first decoding unit that decodes the basic information from the basic data and a second decoding unit that decodes the additional information from the additional data.
[0107]
Then, the reproduction circuit 43 generates reproduction information based on the basic information and the additional information decoded by the EFM demodulation circuit 38.
[0108]
[Embodiment of disk-shaped recording medium manufacturing apparatus]
As shown in FIG. 17, a disk-shaped recording medium manufacturing apparatus 90 according to the present invention is configured to record a basic data in pits and to record additional data by a step formed in a part of the pits. This is an apparatus for manufacturing a master disk 1a for manufacturing a linear recording medium.
[0109]
In this disc-shaped recording medium, reproduction information generated by predetermined processing based on basic data and additional data has higher quality information than basic information generated from basic data.
[0110]
In the disc-shaped recording medium manufacturing apparatus 90, the basic information is encoded by the first digital data input unit 53 functioning as an encoding unit. Further, in this recording device, the additional information is encoded in the second digital data input unit 54 functioning as an encoding unit. Here, the second digital data input unit 54 may generate additional data by a class classification adaptive process described later. This “class classification adaptive processing” can be performed by a circuit such as a processing unit described later. When the additional data is an analog signal or third digital data indicating an analog amount, the additional data is externally input via the analog data input unit 55.
[0111]
Outputs from the first and second digital data input units 53 and 54 are sent to an error correction encoding circuit 56. The coded signal corrected by the error correction coding circuit 56 is sent to an EFM modulation circuit 57, subjected to EFM modulation, and sent to a sub-coding circuit 58. The basic data and the additional data to which the subcode is added in the subcoding circuit 58 are sent to a composite digital data generation unit 59 functioning as composite data generation means. The composite digital data generation unit 59 generates the composite data by combining the basic data and the additional data.
[0112]
The output data of the sub-coding circuit 58 is sent to the reproduction-time RF signal generation circuit 60. The reproduction-time RF signal generation circuit 60 serves as a reflected light calculation unit. The reproduction-time RF signal generation circuit 60 calculates the shape of the pit when the basic data is recorded on the recording layer of the disk-shaped recording medium by pits, and records the additional data by the step portion formed on the recording layer. In this case, the shape of the step portion was calculated, and based on the calculation results, the recording layer on which the pits and the step portion were formed was irradiated with a laser beam focused on a position different from the recording layer. The state of the reflected light flux in the case is calculated.
[0113]
The result calculated by the reproduction-time RF signal generation circuit 60 is sent to the comparison unit 61 functioning as comparison means. The comparison unit 61 compares the data read from the reflected light beam calculated by the RF signal generation circuit 60 during reproduction with the additional data.
[0114]
The comparison result by the comparing section 61 is sent to the land / groove height adjusting section 62. Here, the land / groove height adjustment unit 62 has a role as additional data control means for controlling the additional data. The land groove height adjustment unit 62 controls the additional data in the synthetic digital data generation unit 59 based on the comparison result by the comparison unit 61 to correct the shape of the stepped portion, and the reproduction-time RF signal generation circuit 60 The data read from the calculated reflected light beam and the additional data are matched.
[0115]
The output of the synthetic digital data generator 59 is sent to the optical pickup device 25. The optical pickup device 25 functions as a recording unit that forms a pit and a step on the recording layer of the master disk 1a based on the composite data generated by the composite data generation unit. That is, the optical pickup device 25 forms pits and step portions based on the composite data on the recording layer of the master disk 1a.
[0116]
In the disc-shaped recording medium manufacturing apparatus 90, as shown in FIG. 18, the optical pickup device 25 includes an external laser oscillator (for example, a He-Cd laser or an Ar gas laser) 63 to obtain a necessary optical output. The light modulator 64 is provided. The laser beam output from the external laser oscillator 63 passes through a light modulator 64 controlled based on the synthesized data, enters the optical system 25a in the optical pickup device 25, and is focused on the recording layer of the master disk 1a. Is done.
[0117]
The disc-shaped recording medium manufacturing apparatus 90 has a rotation operating device 22 that holds and rotates the master disk 1a. The rotation operating device 22 has a spindle motor for rotating the master disk 1a, and is controlled by a system controller 24 via a spindle control circuit 23.
[0118]
The optical pickup device 25 is operated to move over the inner and outer circumferences of the master disk 1a by a feed mechanism (not shown). This feed mechanism is controlled by the system controller 24 via a feed control circuit.
[0119]
Further, the disc-shaped recording medium manufacturing apparatus 90 includes a focus control circuit 46. The focus control circuit 46 controls the focus of the optical pickup device 25 under the control of the system controller 24 based on the detection result of the reflected light by the photodetector of the optical pickup device 25. The focus adjustment is performed by controlling the movement of the objective lens of the optical pickup device 25 in the optical axis direction so that the position of the focal point of the laser beam emitted from the optical pickup device 25 is adjusted to a predetermined position with respect to the signal recording surface of the master disk 1a. This is a control for positioning at a position.
[0120]
The disc-shaped recording medium manufacturing apparatus 90 includes a tracking control circuit 47. The tracking control circuit 47 performs tracking adjustment in the optical pickup device 25 under the control of the system controller 24 based on the detection result of the reflected light by the photodetector of the optical pickup device 25. In this tracking adjustment, the position of the focal point of the laser beam emitted from the optical pickup device 25 is controlled by controlling the movement of the objective lens of the optical pickup device 25 in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis (radial direction of the master disk 1a). , On the recording track of the master disk 1a.
[0121]
When a master disc for a two-layer disc is manufactured, the reproduction RF signal generation circuit 60 assumes that the recording layer has at least a first recording layer and a second recording layer, Is performed assuming that the focus is between the first and second recording layers. Then, the optical pickup device 25 forms pits and steps to be formed on the first recording layer on the first recording layer of the master disk, and forms the pits and step portions on the second recording layer of the master disk. A pit and a step portion to be formed on the second recording layer are formed.
[0122]
[Embodiment of recording apparatus]
The recording device 95 according to the present invention records each data on the disc-shaped recording medium 1 having the first recording layer on which the basic data is recorded and the second recording layer on which the additional data is recorded. It can be configured as an apparatus, and is basically configured in the same manner as the disk-shaped recording medium manufacturing apparatus 90 shown in FIG. 17 described above.
[0123]
The reproduction information generated by the predetermined processing based on the basic data and the additional data has higher quality information than the basic information generated from the basic data.
[0124]
In the recording device 95, as shown in FIG. 19, the basic information is encoded in the first-layer recording digital data input unit 53 functioning as an encoding unit. Further, in this recording apparatus, the additional data (second layer recording signal) is externally input via the analog data input unit 55.
[0125]
The output from the first layer recording digital data input unit 53 is sent to an error correction encoding circuit 56. The coded signal corrected by the error correction coding circuit 56 is sent to an EFM modulation circuit 57, subjected to EFM modulation, and sent to a sub-coding circuit 58. The data added with the subcode in the subcoding circuit 58 becomes the basic data (the first layer recording signal).
[0126]
The additional data (second layer recording signal) may be converted into a digital signal via the same encoding circuit as the basic data.
[0127]
The basic data is sent to an optical pickup device 25 that functions as a first recording unit. The optical pickup device 25 irradiates the first recording layer of the disc-shaped recording medium 1 with a light beam, and records basic data on the first recording layer. That is, the optical pickup device 25 records the basic data on the first recording layer as digital data having a predetermined length of channel bits along a recording track formed on the first recording layer.
[0128]
Here, the recording of the basic data on the first recording layer by the optical pickup device 25 may be performed by changing the magnetization direction of the first recording layer, and pits are formed on the first recording layer. It may be good.
[0129]
Then, the additional data is sent to the optical pickup device 25 that functions as a second recording unit. The optical pickup device 25 irradiates the second recording layer of the disc-shaped recording medium 1 with a light beam, and records additional data on the second recording layer. The optical pickup device 25 transmits a channel bit of a predetermined length shorter than the channel bit of the analog data or the basic data to the second recording layer along a recording track formed on the second recording layer. As additional digital data, additional data is recorded.
[0130]
Here, the recording of the additional data on the second recording layer by the optical pickup device 25 changes the magnetization direction of the second recording layer when the recording of the basic data on the first recording layer is based on pit formation. Alternatively, the transmittance of the second recording layer may be changed.
[0131]
In a case where additional data is recorded by changing the magnetization direction of the second recording layer, the optical pickup device 25 adjusts the optical output so that at least two types of different areas are provided for the second recording layer. Additional data can be recorded using a magneto-optical spot having
[0132]
The recording of the additional data on the second recording layer may be performed by changing the transmittance of the second recording layer when the recording of the basic data on the first recording layer is caused by a change in the magnetization direction. In this case, the second recording layer is configured to include an organic dye or includes a crystal, and corresponds to the additional data, and corresponds to a bright portion (a portion having a high transmittance) and a dark portion (a portion having a high transmittance). (A portion having a low transmittance).
[0133]
[First Embodiment of Semiconductor Device]
The recording medium according to the present invention may be configured as a semiconductor device. As shown in FIG. 20, the semiconductor device 85 includes a data recording unit 65 and a processing unit 66. The data recording unit 65 includes a plurality of data recording units. That is, the data recording unit 65 includes a basic data recording unit 67 for recording basic information input from the input unit, an additional data recording unit 68 on which additional data serving as additional information for the basic information is recorded, and a processing unit 66. And an operation data recording section 69 for recording encoded operation data.
[0134]
In the semiconductor device 85, basic information is input from the input unit 70 and recorded in the basic data recording unit 67 as basic data. The processing unit 66 performs predetermined signal processing based on the basic data and the additional data recorded in the additional data recording unit 68. The selection of additional data and the selection of signal processing in the processing unit 66 are controlled via the additional information selection unit 72 and the signal processing selection unit 73 in accordance with an external selection signal input from the external selection input unit 71.
[0135]
The processing unit 66 is a circuit that performs “class classification adaptive processing” described later, and has a blocking circuit 74 to which basic data is input to block as shown in FIG. The blocked basic data output from the blocking circuit 74 is sent to the classifying circuit 75 and to the first, second to n-th arithmetic circuits 76a, 76b,... 76n. The class classification circuit 75 classifies the basic data transmitted as a block and controls the additional data recording unit 68 of the data recording unit 65 based on the classification result. The additional data recording unit 68 sends predetermined additional data to each of the arithmetic circuits 76a, 76b,... 76n under the control of the class classification circuit 75 and the control of the additional information selection unit 72 in response to the external selection signal. The arithmetic circuit selected by the signal processing selection unit 73 in accordance with the external selection signal among the arithmetic circuits 76a, 76b,... 76n converts the transmitted additional data with respect to the transmitted basic data. The calculation is performed as a coefficient and sent to the calculation data recording unit 69 of the data recording unit 65 as calculation data.
[0136]
The operation data stored in the operation data recording unit 69 is appropriately output to the outside via an output unit 77a connected to the operation data recording unit 69.
[0137]
That is, the "class classification adaptive process" is a process of classifying the basic data into blocks and using the additional data corresponding to the classified class as a coefficient to perform the process. The details will be described later. The operation data output from the processing unit 66 in this way is data corresponding to higher quality information with respect to the basic information.
[0138]
In this semiconductor device 85, the basic information can be video information as in the case of the disk-shaped recording medium described above. In this case, the calculation data may have higher resolution than the basic information, or may be data corresponding to video information with improved gradation characteristics. Further, the calculation data may be data corresponding to video information from which noise has been removed from the basic information. Further, the calculation data can be data corresponding to video information whose temporal resolution is improved compared to the basic information. For example, when increasing the resolution of a video signal, a resolution is selected according to input information to the external selection input unit 71. As the additional data, those corresponding to these functions are used.
[0139]
Further, the processing unit 66 can be a circuit that detects a predetermined characteristic of the basic data and selects additional data. In this case, the feature of the basic data detected by the processing unit 66 is, for example, the amount of motion of the image. Then, the processing unit can read out a coefficient corresponding to the amount of motion of the image.
[0140]
Then, the calculation data can be data corresponding to information on vibration generated by an external vibrator. Further, the calculation data can be data corresponding to information on the volume of the sound reproduced by the external sound reproducing device. Further, the calculation data can be data corresponding to information on air blowing performed by an external blower. That is, the signal processing in the processing unit 66 can be in different forms according to various applications.
[0141]
[Second Embodiment of Semiconductor Device]
Further, as shown in FIG. 22, the semiconductor device 85 has a data recording unit 65, a processing unit 66, and an input unit 70 to which basic data is input, and outputs the operation data obtained by the operation processing in the processing unit 66. It may be configured to have the output unit 77b for directly outputting to the outside. Further, the input unit 70 may be configured such that the already encoded basic data may be input from the outside, or that the input unit 70 has an encoding unit that encodes the basic information and converts the basic information into basic data. May be.
[0142]
In this case, the operation data obtained by the operation processing in the processing section 66 is output to the outside via the output section 77b without being stored in the operation data recording section 69. That is, in the semiconductor device 85, the arithmetic processing in the processing unit 66 is performed immediately before outputting the arithmetic data when the arithmetic data is required. Other operations and contents are the same as those of the first embodiment of the semiconductor device described above.
[0143]
[About class classification adaptive processing]
The contents of the “class classification adaptive processing” performed in the above-described playback device 80 and semiconductor device 85 will be described below. In the following description, an example in which the “class classification adaptive processing” is performed on a video signal to clarify the content of the “class classification adaptive processing” will be described. In the following description, an SD (Standard Definition) signal corresponds to the basic data in the present invention, and the process of converting this SD signal into an HD (High Definition) signal that is higher in quality than the SD signal by using the additional data is referred to as “class”. Classification adaptive processing ".
[0144]
As the basic data, data recorded on a recording medium and read from the recording medium is used. In the following description, the coefficient data is generated by the coefficient generation circuit, but in the present invention, the coefficient data is generated by the coefficient generation circuit in advance and recorded as additional data on a recording medium to be read and used. .
[0145]
Also in the present invention, the basic data is recorded on a recording medium, and “coefficient seed data” described later is recorded on the recording medium as additional data. It may be generated from "data" (additional data).
[0146]
The "classification adaptive processing" will be described by taking conversion of an SD signal into an HD signal as an example. As shown in FIG. 23, this “class classification adaptive processing” detects a space class and a motion class from pixel data of a tap corresponding to a target pixel of an HD signal selectively extracted from an SD signal, and The class code CL indicating the class of the pixel of interest is obtained, additional data of each class is generated, and stored in the coefficient memory 68 included in the data recording unit 65. The coefficient memory 68 corresponds to the additional data recording unit 68.
[0147]
Then, in the arithmetic circuit 127, the tap data xi corresponding to the target pixel of the HD signal, which is selectively extracted from the SD signal by the tap selection circuit 121, and the additional data read with the class code CL from the coefficient memory 68. From Wi, the pixel data of the target pixel of the HD signal is calculated using an estimation formula. The memory bank 135 stores coefficient type data of each class.
[0148]
Hereinafter, the "classification adaptive processing" will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 23, the reproducing apparatus 100 that performs the “class classification adaptive processing” obtains a 525i signal as an SD (Standard Definition) signal serving as basic data read from a recording medium, and converts the 525i signal into an HD ( The signal is converted into a 525p signal or a 1050i signal as a High Definition (High Definition) signal, and an image based on the 525p signal or the 1050i signal is displayed.
[0149]
Here, the 525i signal means an interlaced video signal with 525 lines, the 525p signal means a progressive (non-interlaced) video signal with 525 lines, and 1050i. The signal means an interlaced video signal having 1050 lines.
[0150]
The playback device 100 includes a microcomputer, and has a system controller 101 for controlling the operation of the entire system.
[0151]
The playback apparatus 100 has an input unit 107 to which the SD signal Va (525i signal) is input, and a basic unit for inputting the SD signal Va via the input unit 70 and temporarily storing the SD signal Va. A buffer memory 67 corresponding to the data recording unit 67. The playback device 100 also has a processing unit 66 that converts an SD signal (525i signal) temporarily stored in the buffer memory 67 into an HD signal (525p signal or 1050i signal). An image based on the HD signal output via the unit 77b is displayed on the display unit 111. As the display unit 111, a display unit such as a CRT (cathode-ray tube) display or a flat panel display such as an LCD (liquid crystal display) is used.
[0152]
The SD signal (525i signal) input from the input unit 107 is stored in the buffer memory 67 and temporarily stored. Then, the SD signal temporarily stored in the buffer memory 67 is supplied to the processing unit 66 and converted into an HD signal (a 525p signal or a 1050i signal). That is, in the processing unit 66, pixel data (hereinafter, referred to as “HD pixel data”) that constitutes an HD signal is obtained from pixel data that constitutes an SD signal (hereinafter, referred to as “SD pixel data”). The HD signal output from the processing unit 66 is supplied to the display unit 111, and an image based on the HD signal is displayed on the screen of the display unit 111.
[0153]
Next, details of the processing unit 66 will be described with reference to FIG. The processing unit 66 selectively selects data of a plurality of SD pixels located around the target pixel related to the HD signal (1050i signal or 525p signal) from the SD signal (525i signal) stored in the buffer memory 67. It has first to third tap selection circuits 121 to 123 for taking out and outputting.
[0154]
The first tap selection circuit 121 selectively extracts data of SD pixels (referred to as “prediction taps”) used for prediction. The second tap selection circuit 122 selectively extracts data of SD pixels (referred to as “space class taps”) used for class classification corresponding to the level distribution pattern of the SD pixel data. The third tap selection circuit 123 selectively extracts data of SD pixels (referred to as “motion class taps”) used for class classification corresponding to motion.
[0155]
When a space class is determined using SD pixel data belonging to a plurality of fields, the space class also includes motion information.
[0156]
FIG. 24 shows a pixel positional relationship between the 525i signal and the 525p signal in an odd (o) field of a certain frame (F). A large dot is a pixel of the 525i signal, and a small dot is a pixel of the 525p signal to be output. In the even (e) field, the line of the 525i signal is spatially shifted by 0.5 line. As can be seen from FIG. 24, as the pixel data of the 525p signal, there are line data L1 at the same position as the line of the 525i signal and line data L2 at an intermediate position between the upper and lower lines of the 525i signal. The number of pixels in each line of the 525p signal is twice as large as the number of pixels in each line of the 525i signal.
[0157]
FIG. 25 shows a pixel position relationship of a certain frame (F) in which the 525i signal and the 1050i signal are present. ing. Large dots are pixels of the 525i signal, and small dots are pixels of the 1050i signal to be output. As can be seen from FIG. 25, as the pixel data of the 1050i signal, there are line data L1 and L1 'at a position near the line of the 525i signal and line data L2 and L2' at a position far from the line of the 525i signal. Here, L1 and L2 are line data of odd fields, and L1 'and L2' are line data of even fields. The number of pixels in each line of the 1050i signal is twice as large as the number of pixels in each line of the 525i signal.
[0158]
FIGS. 26 and 27 show specific examples of prediction taps (SD pixels) selected by the first tap selection circuit 121 when converting a 525i signal to a 525p signal. FIGS. 26 and 27 show vertical pixel positional relationships of odd (o) and even (e) fields of temporally continuous frames F-1, F, and F + 1.
[0159]
As shown in FIG. 26, the prediction tap for predicting the line data L1 and L2 of the field F / o is included in the next field F / e and corresponds to the 525p signal pixel (pixel of interest) to be created. The SD pixels T1, T2, T3 spatially adjacent to each other, and the SD pixels T4, T5, T6 spatially adjacent to the pixel of the 525p signal to be created and included in the field F / o, The SD pixels T7, T8, and T9 that are included in the field F-1 / e and spatially close to the pixel of the 525p signal to be created, and are included in the previous field F-1 / o and created. This is the SD pixel T10 spatially adjacent to the pixel of the power 525p signal.
[0160]
As shown in FIG. 27, the prediction tap for predicting the line data L1 and L2 of the field F / e is included in the next field F + 1 / o, and is spatially close to the pixel of the 525p signal to be created. The SD pixels T1, T2, T3 at the position, the SD pixels T4, T5, T6 included in the field F / e and spatially adjacent to the pixel of the 525p signal to be created, and the previous field F / o And SD pixels T7, T8, T9 spatially adjacent to the 525p signal pixel to be created, and the 525p signal pixel included in the preceding F-1 / e and to be created. And the SD pixel T10 at a spatially neighboring position.
[0161]
Note that, when predicting the line data L1, the SD pixel T9 may not be selected as a prediction tap, while when predicting the line data L2, the SD pixel T4 may not be selected as a prediction tap. .
[0162]
28 and 29 show specific examples of prediction taps (SD pixels) selected by the first tap selection circuit 121 when converting a 525i signal to a 1050i signal. FIG. 28 and FIG. 29 show the vertical pixel positional relationship of the odd (o) and even (e) fields of temporally continuous frames F-1, F, and F + 1.
[0163]
As shown in FIG. 28, the prediction tap for predicting the line data L1 and L2 of the field F / o is included in the next field F / e and corresponds to the pixel (target pixel) of the 1050i signal to be created. SD pixels T1 and T2 at spatially neighboring positions, and SD pixels T3, T4, T5 and T6 at spatially neighboring positions with respect to pixels of the 525p signal to be created, which are included in the field F / o, and These are the SD pixels T7 and T8 that are included in the field F-1 / e and spatially adjacent to the pixel of the 1050i signal to be created.
[0164]
As shown in FIG. 29, the prediction taps for predicting the line data L1 'and L2' of the field F / e are included in the next field F + 1 / o, and are spatially separated from the pixels of the 1050ip signal to be created. , SD pixels T3, T4, T5, and T6 included in the field F / e, which are spatially adjacent to the pixel of the 1050i signal to be created, and the previous field F SD pixels T7 and T8 included in / o and spatially adjacent to the pixel of the 525p signal to be created.
[0165]
When predicting the line data L1 and L1 ', the SD pixel T6 is not selected as a prediction tap. On the other hand, when predicting the line data L2 and L2', the SD pixel T3 is selected as a prediction tap. It may not be done.
[0166]
Further, as shown in FIGS. 26 to 29, one or more SD pixels in the horizontal direction may be selected as prediction taps in addition to SD pixels at the same position in a plurality of fields.
[0167]
FIGS. 30 and 31 show specific examples of space class taps (SD pixels) selected by the second tap selection circuit 122 when converting a 525i signal to a 525p signal. FIGS. 30 and 31 show the vertical pixel positional relationship of odd (o) and even (e) fields of temporally continuous frames F-1, F, and F + 1.
[0168]
As shown in FIG. 30, the space class taps for predicting the line data L1 and L2 of the field F / o are included in the next field F / e and correspond to the pixels of the 525p signal (pixels of interest) to be created. And SD pixels T3, T4, T5 spatially adjacent to the 525p signal pixel included in the field F / o and to be created, and SD pixels T3, T4, T5 spatially adjacent to the previous field. These are SD pixels T6 and T7 included in F-1 / e and spatially adjacent to the pixel of the 525p signal to be created.
[0169]
As shown in FIG. 31, the space class tap for predicting the line data L1 and L2 of the field F / e is included in the next field F + 1 / o, and spatially taps the 525p signal pixel to be created. SD pixels T3, T4, T5, T6, which are spatially adjacent to the SD pixels T1, T2 in the vicinity position and the pixels of the 525p signal to be created, which are included in the field F / e, and the previous field F / e. The SD pixels T6 and T7 which are included in o and spatially adjacent to the pixel of the 525p signal to be created.
[0170]
Note that, when predicting the line data L1, the SD pixel T7 is not selected as a space class tap, while when predicting the line data L2, the SD pixel T6 is not selected as a space class tap. Is also good.
[0171]
FIGS. 32 and 33 show specific examples of space class taps (SD pixels) selected by the second tap selection circuit 122 when converting a 525i signal to a 1050i signal. FIG. 32 and FIG. 33 show the vertical pixel positional relationships of odd (o) and even (e) fields of temporally continuous frames F-1, F, and F + 1.
[0172]
As shown in FIG. 32, space class taps for predicting line data L1 and L2 of the field F / o are included in the field F / o, and are spatially separated from pixels (target pixels) of the 1050i signal to be created. SD pixels T4, T5, T6, which are spatially close to the SD pixels T1, T2, T3 at the near position and the pixels of the 1050i signal included in the previous field F-1 / e and to be created. T7.
[0173]
As shown in FIG. 33, space class taps for predicting line data L1 'and L2' of field F / e are included in field F / e, and spatially tap the pixels of the 1050i signal to be created. These are SD pixels T1, T2, and T3 at neighboring positions and SD pixels T4, T5, T6, and T7 included in the previous field F / o and spatially neighboring to pixels of the 1050i signal to be created.
[0174]
Note that when predicting the line data L1 and L1 ', the SD pixel T7 is not selected as a space class tap, whereas when predicting the line data L2 and L2', the SD pixel T4 is set to May not be selected.
[0175]
Further, as shown in FIGS. 30 to 33, one or more SD pixels in the horizontal direction may be selected as a space class tap in addition to SD pixels at the same position in a plurality of fields.
[0176]
FIG. 34 shows a specific example of a motion class tap (SD pixel) selected by the third tap selection circuit 123 when converting a 525i signal to a 525p signal. FIG. 34 shows a vertical pixel positional relationship between odd (o) and even (e) fields of temporally continuous frames F-1 and F. As shown in FIG. 34, the motion class tap for predicting the line data L1 and L2 of the field F / o is included in the next field F / e and corresponds to the pixel of the 525p signal to be created (pixel of interest). And SD pixels n2, n4, and n6 spatially adjacent to each other, and SD pixels n1, n3, and n5 spatially adjacent to the pixel of the 525p signal to be created and included in the field F / o. , The SD pixels m2, m4, and m6 spatially adjacent to the pixel of the 525p signal to be created and included in the previous field F-1 / o. These are the SD pixels m1, m3, and m5 spatially adjacent to the pixel of the 525p signal to be used. The vertical positions of the SD pixels n1 to n6 match the vertical positions of the SD pixels m1 to m6.
[0177]
FIG. 35 shows a specific example of a motion class tap (SD pixel) selected by the third tap selection circuit 123 when converting a 525i signal to a 1050i signal. FIG. 35 shows a vertical pixel positional relationship between odd-numbered (o) and even-numbered (e) fields of temporally continuous frames F-1 and F. As shown in FIG. 35, a motion class tap for predicting the line data L1 and L2 of the field F / o is included in the next field F / e and spatially corresponds to the pixel of the 1050i signal to be created. The SD pixels n2, n4, and n6 at the neighboring positions, the SD pixels n1, n3, and n5 included in the field F / o and spatially neighboring to the pixel of the 1050i signal to be created, and the previous field F-o. 1 / e, SD pixels m2, m4, and m6 spatially adjacent to the pixel of the 1050i signal to be created, and the 1050i signal to be created included in the previous field F-1 / o Are the SD pixels m1, m3, and m5 that are spatially adjacent to the pixel. The vertical positions of the SD pixels n1 to n6 match the vertical positions of the SD pixels m1 to m6.
[0178]
Returning to FIG. 23, the processing unit 66 detects the level distribution pattern of the data (SD pixel data) of the space class tap selectively extracted by the second tap selection circuit 122, and based on this level distribution pattern. And a space class detection circuit 124 for detecting the space class and outputting the class information.
[0179]
In the space class detection circuit 124, for example, an operation of compressing each SD pixel data from 8-bit data to 2-bit data is performed. Then, from the space class detection circuit 124, compressed data corresponding to each SD pixel data is output as space class class information. In the present embodiment, data compression is performed by “ADRC” (Adaptive Dynamic Range Coding). As the information compression means, "DPCM" (predictive coding), "VQ" (vector quantization), or the like may be used instead of "ADRC".
[0180]
Originally, “ADRC” is an adaptive requantization method developed for high-performance coding for a VTR (Video Tape Recorder). However, since a local pattern of a signal level can be efficiently expressed with a short word length, This is suitable for use in the data compression described above. When "ADRC" is used, the maximum value of the space class tap data (SD pixel data) is MAX, the minimum value is MIN, the dynamic range of the space class tap data is DR (= MAX-MIN + 1), and requantization is performed. Assuming that the number of bits is P, a requantized code Qi as compressed data is obtained by the operation of Expression (1) for each SD pixel data ki as data of the space class tap. However, in equation (1), [] means truncation processing. When there are Na pieces of SD pixel data as space class tap data, i = 1 to Na.
[0181]
Qi = [(ki-MIN + 0.5). 2P / DR] (1)
Further, the processing unit 66 detects a motion class mainly representing the degree of motion from the data (SD pixel data) of the motion class tap selectively extracted by the third tap selection circuit 123, and detects the class information. Is output.
[0182]
In the motion class detection circuit 125, an inter-frame difference is calculated from the data (SD pixel data) mi and ni of the motion class tap selectively extracted by the third tap selection circuit 123, and further, the average of the absolute value of the difference is calculated. A threshold value process is performed on the value to detect a motion class that is a motion index. That is, in the motion class detection circuit 125, the average value AV of the absolute value of the difference is calculated by Expression (2). When the third tap selection circuit 123 extracts, for example, 12 pieces of SD pixel data m1 to m6 and n1 to n6 as described above, Nb in equation (2) is 6.
[0183]
(Equation 1)

[0184]
Then, in the motion class detection circuit 125, the average value AV calculated as described above is compared with one or a plurality of thresholds, and class information MV of the motion class is obtained. For example, when three thresholds th1, th2, and th3 (th1 <th2 <th3) are prepared and four motion classes are detected, MV = 0 when AV ≦ th1, and when th1 <AV ≦ th2 , MV = 1, MV = 2 when th2 <AV ≦ th3, and MV = 3 when th3 <AV.
[0185]
Further, the processing unit 66 creates the re-quantized code Qi as the class information of the space class output from the space class detection circuit 124 and the class information MV of the motion class output from the motion class detection circuit 125. It has a class synthesizing circuit 126 for obtaining a class code CL indicating the class to which the pixel of the HD signal (525p signal or 1050i signal) (the pixel of interest) belongs.
[0186]
In the class synthesizing circuit 126, the calculation of the class code CL is performed by the equation (3). In equation (3), Na indicates the number of space class tap data (SD pixel data), and P indicates the number of requantization bits in “ADRC”.
[0187]
(Equation 2)

[0188]
The processing unit 66 has registers 130 to 133 and a coefficient memory 68. A line-sequential conversion circuit 129 described later needs to switch its operation between outputting a 525p signal and outputting a 1050i signal. The register 130 stores operation specifying information for specifying the operation of the line-sequential conversion circuit 129. The line-sequential conversion circuit 129 operates according to the operation designation information supplied from the register 130.
[0189]
The register 131 stores tap position information of the prediction tap selected by the first tap selection circuit 121. The first tap selection circuit 121 selects a prediction tap according to the tap position information supplied from the register 131. The tap position information is for, for example, numbering a plurality of SD pixels that may be selected and specifying the number of the SD pixel to be selected. The same applies to the following tap position information.
[0190]
The register 132 stores tap position information of the space class tap selected by the second tap selection circuit 122. The second tap selection circuit 122 selects a space class tap according to the tap position information supplied from the register 132.
[0191]
Here, the register 132 stores tap position information A when the movement is relatively small and tap position information B when the movement is relatively large. Which of the tap position information A and B is to be supplied to the second tap selection circuit 122 is selected by the motion class information MV output from the motion class detection circuit 125.
[0192]
That is, when MV = 0 or MV = 1 because there is no movement or the movement is small, the tap position information A is supplied to the second tap selection circuit 122, and the second tap selection circuit 122 The selected space class tap extends over a plurality of fields as shown in FIGS. Further, when MV = 2 or MV = 3 due to relatively large movement, the tap position information B is supplied to the second tap selection circuit 122, and the space selected by the second tap selection circuit 122 is selected. Although not shown, the class tap is only an SD pixel in the same field as a pixel to be created.
[0193]
The above-described register 131 stores the tap position information when the movement is relatively small and the tap position information when the movement is relatively large, so that the tap position supplied to the first tap selection circuit 121 is stored. The information may be selected by the class information MV of the motion class output from the motion class detection circuit 125.
[0194]
The register 133 stores the tap position information of the motion class tap selected by the third tap selection circuit 123. The third tap selection circuit 123 selects a motion class tap according to the tap position information supplied from the register 133.
[0195]
Further, the coefficient memory 68 stores, for each class, additional data of the estimation formula used in the estimation prediction operation circuit 127 described later. The additional data is information for converting a 525i signal as an SD signal into a 525p signal or a 1050i signal as an HD signal.
[0196]
The class code CL output from the class synthesizing circuit 126 is supplied to the coefficient memory 68 as read address information. From the coefficient memory 68, additional data corresponding to the class code CL is read, and the estimated prediction calculation circuit 127.
[0197]
The processing section 66 has an information memory bank 135. In this information memory bank 135, operation designation information to be stored in the register 130 and tap position information to be stored in the registers 131 to 133 are stored in advance.
[0198]
Here, as the operation designation information to be stored in the register 130, the information memory bank 135 includes first operation designation information for causing the line-sequential conversion circuit 129 to output a 525p signal, and line-sequential conversion. Second operation specifying information for operating the circuit 129 to output the 1050i signal is stored in advance.
[0199]
The information memory bank 135 stores first tap position information corresponding to the first conversion method (525p) and second conversion method (1050i) as tap position information of prediction taps to be stored in the register 131. ) Are stored in advance. The first tap position information or the second tap position information is loaded from the information memory bank 135 into the register 131 in accordance with the above-described conversion method selection information.
[0200]
Further, in the information memory bank 135, as the tap position information of the space class tap to be stored in the register 132, first tap position information corresponding to the first conversion method (525p) and second conversion method ( The second tap position information corresponding to 1050i) is stored in advance. Note that the first and second tap position information each include tap position information when the movement is relatively small and tap position information when the movement is relatively large. The first tap position information or the second tap position information is loaded from the information memory bank 135 into the register 132 in accordance with the above-described conversion method selection information.
[0201]
Further, in the information memory bank 135, as tap position information of a motion class tap to be stored in the register 133, first tap position information corresponding to the first conversion method (525p) and second conversion method ( The second tap position information corresponding to 1050i) is stored in advance. The first tap position information or the second tap position information is loaded from the information memory bank 135 into the register 133 in accordance with the above-described conversion method selection information.
[0202]
In the information memory bank 135, coefficient seed data of each class corresponding to each of the first and second conversion methods is stored in advance. The coefficient seed data is additional data of a generation formula for generating additional data to be stored in the above-described coefficient memory 68.
[0203]
In an estimation prediction operation circuit 127 to be described later, HD pixel data y to be created is obtained from the prediction tap data (SD pixel data) xi and the additional data Wi read from the coefficient memory 68 by the estimation equation (4). It is calculated. When the number of prediction taps selected by the first tap selection circuit 121 is ten as shown in FIGS. 24 and 27, n in the equation (4) is 10.
[0204]
[Equation 3]

[0205]
Then, the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n) of the estimation formula is externally input or generated by a generation formula including preset parameters h and v as shown in the formula (5). . In the information memory bank 135, coefficient seed data w10 to wn9, which are additional data of the generation formula, are stored for each conversion method and for each class. A method of generating the coefficient seed data will be described later.
[0206]
(Equation 4)

[0207]
Further, the processing unit 66 uses the coefficient seed data of each class and the values of the parameters h and v, and calculates the additional data Wi () of the estimation formula corresponding to the values of the parameters h and v for each class according to Expression (5). i = 1 to n). The coefficient generation circuit 136 loads coefficient class data of each class corresponding to the first conversion method or the second conversion method from the information memory bank 135 in accordance with the above-described conversion method selection information. The coefficient generation circuit 136 is supplied with the values of the parameters h and v from the system controller 101.
[0208]
The additional data Wi (i = 1 to n) of each class generated by the coefficient generation circuit 136 is stored in the coefficient memory 68 described above. The generation of the additional data Wi of each class in the coefficient generation circuit 136 is performed, for example, in each vertical blanking period. Thereby, even if the values of the parameters h and v are changed, the additional data Wi of each class stored in the coefficient memory 68 can be changed immediately to the data corresponding to the values of the parameters h and v, and the resolution can be adjusted. Is performed smoothly.
[0209]
Further, the processing unit 66 calculates a normalization coefficient S corresponding to the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n) of each class generated by the coefficient generation circuit 136 according to equation (6). 137 and a normalization coefficient memory 138 for storing the generated normalization coefficient S for each class. The class code CL output from the class synthesizing circuit 126 is supplied to the normalization coefficient memory 138 as read address information, and the normalization coefficient S corresponding to the class code CL is read from the normalization coefficient memory 138. Are supplied to a normalization operation circuit 128 described later.
[0210]
(Equation 5)

[0211]
Further, the processing unit 66 converts the prediction tap data (SD pixel data) xi selectively extracted by the first tap selection circuit 121 and the additional data Wi read from the coefficient memory 68 into an HD signal to be created. An estimation prediction operation circuit 127 for calculating data of a pixel (pixel of interest) is provided.
[0212]
When outputting the 525p signal, the estimation / prediction calculation circuit 127 outputs line data L1 at the same position as the line of the 525i signal in the odd (o) field and the even (e) field, as shown in FIG. It is necessary to generate line data L2 at the intermediate position between the upper and lower lines of the 525i signal, and to double the number of pixels in each line. When outputting the 1050i signal, the estimation / prediction calculation circuit 127 outputs line data L1 at a position close to the line of the 525i signal in the odd (o) field and the even (e) field as shown in FIG. , L1 'and line data L2, L2' located far from the line of the 525i signal, and the number of pixels in each line needs to be doubled.
[0213]
Therefore, in the estimation / prediction calculation circuit 127, data of four pixels constituting the HD signal is simultaneously generated. For example, the data of the four pixels are simultaneously generated using estimation equations having different additional data, and the additional data of each estimation equation is supplied from the coefficient memory 68. Here, in the estimation prediction operation circuit 127, the HD pixel to be created is obtained from the prediction tap data (SD pixel data) xi and the additional data Wi read from the coefficient memory 68 by the above estimation equation (4). Data y is calculated.
[0214]
Further, the processing unit 66 reads out each HD pixel data y constituting the line data L1 and L2 (L1 ′, L2 ′) output from the estimation / prediction calculation circuit 127 from the normalization coefficient memory 138, and It has a normalization operation circuit 128 for normalizing by dividing by a normalization coefficient S corresponding to the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n) used for generation. Although not described above, the additional data of the estimation expression is obtained from the coefficient seed data in the coefficient generation circuit 136 by the generation expression from the coefficient seed data. However, the generated additional data includes a rounding error, and the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n). It is not guaranteed that the sum will be 1.0. Therefore, the level of the HD pixel data y calculated by the estimation / prediction calculation circuit 127 fluctuates due to a rounding error. As described above, the fluctuation can be removed by normalization by the normalization operation circuit 128.
[0215]
Further, the processing unit 66 performs line double speed processing for reducing the horizontal period to 倍, and supplies line data L1, L2 (L1 ′, L2) supplied from the estimation prediction operation circuit 127 via the normalization operation circuit 128. ′) Is line sequential.
[0216]
FIG. 36 shows, using an analog waveform, a line double speed process when a 525p signal is output. As described above, the line data L1 and L2 are generated by the estimation prediction operation circuit 127. The line data L1 includes lines a1, a2, a3,... In order, and the line data L2 includes lines b1, b2, b3,. The line-sequential conversion circuit 129 compresses the data of each line to １ ／ in the time axis direction and alternately selects the compressed data, thereby converting the line-sequential outputs a0, b0, a1, b1,. Form.
[0219]
When outputting the 1050i signal, the line-sequential conversion circuit 129 generates a line-sequential output so as to satisfy the interlace relationship in the odd field and the even field. Therefore, the line-sequential conversion circuit 129 needs to switch its operation between outputting a 525p signal and outputting a 1050i signal. The operation designation information is supplied from the register 130 as described above.
[0218]
Next, the operation of the processing section 66 will be described with reference to FIG.
[0219]
From the SD signal (525i signal) stored in the buffer memory 67, the data (SD pixel data) of the space class tap is selectively extracted by the second tap selection circuit 122. In this case, in the second tap selection circuit 122, based on the pre-selected conversion method supplied from the register 132 and the tap position information corresponding to the motion class detected by the motion class detection circuit 125, the tap of the tap is determined. A selection is made.
[0220]
The data (SD pixel data) of the space class tap selectively extracted by the second tap selection circuit 122 is supplied to the space class detection circuit 124. In the space class detection circuit 124, each SD pixel data as space class tap data is subjected to ADRC processing, and regenerated as class information of a space class (mainly a class classification for representing a waveform in space). The quantization code Qi is obtained (see equation (1)).
[0221]
In addition, the third tap selection circuit 123 selectively extracts motion class tap data (SD pixel data) from the SD signal (525i signal) stored in the buffer memory 67. In this case, the third tap selection circuit 123 selects a tap based on tap position information supplied from the register 133 and corresponding to a preselected conversion method.
[0222]
The data (SD pixel data) of the motion class tap selectively extracted by the third tap selection circuit 123 is supplied to the motion class detection circuit 125. The motion class detection circuit 125 obtains the class information MV of the motion class (mainly a class classification for representing the degree of motion) from each SD pixel data as the data of the motion class tap.
[0223]
The motion information MV and the above-described requantized code Qi are supplied to the class synthesis circuit 126. The class synthesizing circuit 126 obtains a class code CL indicating the class to which the pixel (target pixel) of the HD signal (525p signal or 1050i signal) to be created belongs from the motion information MV and the requantized code Qi ( (See equation (3)). Then, the class code CL is supplied to the coefficient memory 68 and the normalized coefficient memory 138 as read address information.
[0224]
In the coefficient memory 68, for example, during each vertical blanking period, additional data Wi (i = 1 to n) of the estimation formula of each class corresponding to the preset values of the parameters h and v and the conversion method are stored in the coefficient generation circuit. It is generated and stored at 136. The normalization coefficient memory 138 stores the normalization coefficient S corresponding to the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n) of each class generated by the coefficient generation circuit 136 as described above. Generated and stored.
[0225]
By supplying the class code CL as read address information to the coefficient memory 68 as described above, the additional data Wi corresponding to the class code CL is read from the coefficient memory 68 and supplied to the estimation / prediction calculation circuit 127. . The first tap selection circuit 121 selectively extracts prediction tap data (SD pixel data) from the SD signal (525i signal) stored in the buffer memory 67. In this case, the first tap selection circuit 121 selects a tap based on tap position information supplied from the register 131 and corresponding to a preselected conversion method. The prediction tap data (SD pixel data) xi selectively extracted by the first tap selection circuit 121 is supplied to the estimated prediction calculation circuit 127.
[0226]
In the estimation / prediction calculation circuit 127, data (HD pixel data) y of a pixel (target pixel) of an HD signal to be created from the data (SD pixel data) xi of the prediction tap and the additional data Wi read from the coefficient memory 68. Is calculated (see equation (4)). In this case, data of four pixels constituting the HD signal is generated simultaneously.
[0227]
Thus, when the first conversion method for outputting the 525p signal is selected, the line data L1 at the same position as the line of the 525i signal and the 525i signal in the odd (o) field and the even (e) field are selected. Line data L2 at an intermediate position between the upper and lower lines is generated (see FIG. 24). When the second conversion method for outputting the 1050i signal is selected, the line data L1, L1 'and 525i at positions close to the line of the 525i signal in the odd (o) field and the even (e) field. Line data L2 and L2 'located far from the signal line are generated (see FIG. 25).
[0228]
As described above, the line data L1 and L2 (L1 ′, L2 ′) generated by the estimation prediction operation circuit 127 are supplied to the normalization operation circuit 128. By supplying the class code CL as read address information to the normalization coefficient memory 138 as described above, the normalization coefficient S corresponding to the class code CL from the normalization coefficient memory 138, ie, the output from the estimated prediction operation circuit 127, The normalization coefficient S corresponding to the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n) used to generate the HD pixel data y constituting the line data L1 and L2 (L1 ′, L2 ′) is read out. The estimated prediction calculation circuit 127 is supplied. In the normalization operation circuit 128, each HD pixel data y constituting the line data L1 and L2 (L1 ', L2') output from the estimation prediction operation circuit 127 is divided by the corresponding normalization coefficient S to normalize. Is done. As a result, the level fluctuation of the information data of the point of interest due to the rounding error when obtaining the additional data of the estimation formula (see formula (4)) by the generation formula (see formula (5)) using the coefficient seed data is removed.
[0229]
The line data L1 and L2 (L1 ′, L2 ′) normalized by the normalization operation circuit 128 are supplied to the line-sequential conversion circuit 129. In the line-sequential conversion circuit 129, the line data L1, L2 (L1 ', L2') are line-sequentially generated to generate an HD signal. In this case, the line-sequential conversion circuit 129 operates according to the operation instruction information supplied from the register 130 and corresponding to the pre-selected conversion method. Therefore, when the first conversion method (525p) is selected, the line-sequential conversion circuit 129 outputs a 525p signal. On the other hand, when the second conversion method (1050i) is selected, the line-sequential conversion circuit 129 outputs a 1050i signal.
[0230]
As described above, the coefficient generation circuit 136 uses the coefficient seed data loaded from the information memory bank 135 to add the additional data Wi (i = 1 to 1) of the estimation formula corresponding to the values of the parameters h and v for each class. n) is generated and stored in the coefficient memory 68. HD pixel data y is calculated from the coefficient memory 68 by the estimated prediction calculation circuit 127 using the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n) read out corresponding to the class code CL. Therefore, by adjusting the values of the parameters h and v, the horizontal and vertical image quality of the image obtained by the HD signal can be adjusted. In this case, the additional data of each class corresponding to the adjusted values of the parameters h and v is generated and used by the coefficient generation circuit 136 each time, and a memory for storing a large amount of additional data is used. do not need.
[0231]
As described above, the coefficient seed data is stored in the information memory bank 135 for each conversion method and for each class. This coefficient seed data is generated in advance by learning.
[0232]
First, an example of this generation method will be described. An example is shown in which coefficient seed data w10 to wn9, which are additional data in the generation expression of the expression (5), are obtained.
[0233]
Here, for the following description, ti (i = 0 to 9) is defined as in equation (7).
[0234]
t0 = 1, t1 = v, t2 = h, t3 = v2, t4 = vh, t5 = h2, t6 = v3, t7 = v2h, t8 = vh2, t9 = h3 (7)
Using this equation (7), equation (5) can be rewritten as equation (8).
[0235]
(Equation 6)

[0236]
Finally, an undetermined coefficient wxy is obtained by learning. That is, the coefficient value that minimizes the square error is determined using a plurality of SD pixel data and HD pixel data for each conversion method and each class. This is a so-called least squares method. Assuming that the number of learning is m, the residual in the k-th (1 ≦ k ≦ m) -th learning data is ek, and the sum of the squared error is E, E is expressed by (9) using the equations (4) and (5). It is expressed by an equation. Here, xik represents the k-th pixel data at the i-th prediction tap position of the SD image, and yk represents the pixel data of the k-th HD image corresponding thereto.
[0237]
(Equation 7)

[0238]
In the solution by the method of least squares, wxy is obtained such that the partial differential of wxy in equation (9) becomes zero. This is shown by equation (10).
[0239]
(Equation 8)

[0240]
Hereinafter, when Xipjq and Yip are defined as in Expressions (11) and (12), Expression (10) is rewritten as Expression (13) using a matrix.
[0241]
(Equation 9)

[0242]
(Equation 10)

[0243]
This equation is generally called a normal equation. This normal equation is solved for wxy using a sweeping method (Gauss-Jordan elimination method) or the like, and coefficient seed data is calculated.
[0244]
FIG. 37 shows the concept of a method for generating the coefficient seed data described above. A plurality of SD signals are generated from HD signals. For example, parameters h and v for varying the horizontal band and the vertical band of a filter used when generating an SD signal from an HD signal are respectively varied in nine stages, and a total of 81 types of SD signals are generated. Learning is performed between the plurality of SD signals generated in this way and the HD signal to generate coefficient seed data.
[0245]
FIG. 38 shows the configuration of a coefficient seed data generation device 150 that generates coefficient seed data based on the concept described above.
[0246]
The coefficient seed data generating device 150 performs an input terminal 151 to which an HD signal (525p signal / 1050i signal) as a teacher signal is input, and performs a horizontal and vertical thinning process on the HD signal to obtain an input signal. And an SD signal generation circuit 152 for obtaining the SD signal of
[0247]
The SD signal generation circuit 152 is supplied with a conversion method selection signal as a control signal. When the first conversion method (a 525p signal is obtained from a 525i signal by the processing unit 66 in FIG. 23) is selected, the SD signal generation circuit 152 performs a thinning process on the 525p signal to generate an SD signal. (See FIG. 24). On the other hand, when the second conversion method (a 1050i signal is obtained from the 525i signal by the processing unit 66 in FIG. 23) is selected, the SD signal generation circuit 152 performs a thinning process on the 1050i signal to generate an SD signal. (See FIG. 25).
[0248]
The parameters h and v are supplied to the SD signal generation circuit 152 as control signals. According to the parameters h and v, the horizontal band and the vertical band of the filter used when generating the SD signal from the HD signal are changed. Here, some examples of the details of the filter will be described.
[0249]
For example, it is conceivable that the filter includes a band filter that limits a horizontal band and a band filter that limits a vertical band. In this case, as shown in FIG. 39, the frequency characteristic corresponding to the stepwise value of the parameter h or v is designed, and the inverse Fourier transform is performed to obtain the frequency characteristic corresponding to the stepwise value of the parameter h or v. Can be obtained.
[0250]
Further, for example, it is conceivable that the filter includes a one-dimensional Gaussian filter for limiting a horizontal band and a one-dimensional Gaussian filter for limiting a vertical band. This one-dimensional Gaussian filter is expressed by equation (14). In this case, a one-dimensional Gaussian filter having a frequency characteristic corresponding to the stepwise value of the parameter h or v is obtained by changing the value of the standard deviation σ stepwise in accordance with the stepwise value of the parameter h or v. Obtainable.
[0251]
[Equation 11]

[0252]
Further, for example, it is conceivable that the filter is constituted by a two-dimensional filter F (h, v) whose horizontal and vertical frequency characteristics are determined by both parameters h and v. This two-dimensional filter is generated by designing a two-dimensional frequency characteristic corresponding to the stepwise values of the parameters h and v and performing a two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform, similarly to the one-dimensional filter described above. A two-dimensional filter having two-dimensional frequency characteristics corresponding to the stepwise values of h and v can be obtained.
[0253]
In addition, the coefficient seed data generation device 150 outputs a plurality of SD pixels located around the target pixel related to the HD signal (1050i signal or 525p signal) from the SD signal (525i signal) output from the SD signal generation circuit 152. There are first to third tap selection circuits 153 to 155 for selectively extracting and outputting data.
[0254]
These first to third tap selection circuits 153 to 155 are configured similarly to the first to third tap selection circuits 121 to 123 of the processing unit 66 described above. The taps selected by the first to third tap selection circuits 153 to 155 are specified by tap position information from the tap selection control unit 156.
[0255]
The conversion method selection signal is supplied to the tap selection control circuit 156 as a control signal. Tap position information supplied to the first to third tap selection circuits 153 to 155 is different between a case where the first conversion method is selected and a case where the second conversion method is selected. . The tap selection control circuit 156 is supplied with motion class information MV output from a motion class detection circuit 158 described later. Thereby, the tap position information supplied to the second tap selection circuit 154 is made different depending on whether the movement is large or small.
[0256]
Further, the coefficient seed data generation device 150 detects a level distribution pattern of the data (SD pixel data) of the space class tap selectively extracted by the second tap selection circuit 154, and based on this level distribution pattern, And a space class detection circuit 157 that outputs the class information. The space class detection circuit 157 has the same configuration as the space class detection circuit 124 of the processing unit 66 described above. From this space class detection circuit 157, a requantization code Qi for each SD pixel data as space class tap data is output as class information indicating a space class.
[0257]
In addition, the coefficient seed data generation device 150 detects a motion class mainly representing the degree of motion from the data (SD pixel data) of the motion class tap selectively extracted by the third tap selection circuit 155, It has a motion class detection circuit 158 that outputs the class information MV. The motion class detection circuit 158 has the same configuration as the motion class detection circuit 125 of the processing unit 66 described above. The motion class detection circuit 158 calculates an inter-frame difference from the data (SD pixel data) of the motion class tap selectively extracted by the third tap selection circuit 155, and further calculates the average value of the absolute value of the difference. By performing threshold processing, a motion class that is a motion index is detected.
[0258]
In addition, the coefficient seed data generation device 150 uses the requantization code Qi as the class information of the space class output from the space class detection circuit 157 and the class information MV of the motion class output from the motion class detection circuit 158. , HD signal (525p signal or 1050i signal) has a class synthesizing circuit 159 for obtaining a class code CL indicating a class to which a pixel of interest belongs. The class synthesizing circuit 159 has the same configuration as the class synthesizing circuit 126 of the processing unit 66 described above.
[0259]
Further, the coefficient seed data generation device 150 selects each HD pixel data y as target pixel data obtained from the HD signal supplied to the input terminal 151, and selects a first tap corresponding to each HD pixel data y. For each class, a coefficient is calculated from prediction tap data (SD pixel data) xi selectively extracted by the circuit 153 and a class code CL output from the class synthesis circuit 159 corresponding to each HD pixel data y. It has a normal equation generation unit 160 that generates a normal equation (see equation (13)) for obtaining the seed data w10 to wn9.
[0260]
In this case, learning data is generated by a combination of one piece of HD pixel data y and n pieces of prediction tap pixel data corresponding thereto, but parameters h and v to the SD signal generation circuit 152 are sequentially changed. A plurality of SD signals in which the horizontal and vertical bands are changed stepwise are sequentially generated, whereby the normal equation generating unit 160 generates a normal equation in which a large amount of learning data is registered.
[0261]
Here, coefficient seed data calculated by learning between the HD signal and the SD signal generated by applying a filter having a narrow band to the HD signal is used to obtain a high-resolution HD signal. Conversely, coefficient seed data calculated by learning between an HD signal and an SD signal generated by applying a filter having a wide band to the HD signal is for obtaining an HD signal having a low resolution. As described above, by sequentially generating a plurality of SD signals and registering the learning data, it is possible to obtain coefficient seed data for obtaining HD signals of continuous resolution.
[0262]
By arranging a delay circuit for time adjustment at a stage preceding the first tap selection circuit 153, the timing of the SD pixel data xi supplied from the first tap selection circuit 153 to the normal equation generation unit 160 can be adjusted. It can be carried out.
[0263]
The coefficient seed data generation device 150 is supplied with the data of the normal equation generated for each class by the normal equation generation unit 160, solves the normal equation for each class, and obtains the coefficient seed data w10 to wn9 of each class. It has a coefficient seed data determination unit 161 and a coefficient seed memory 162 for storing the obtained coefficient seed data w10 to wn9. In the coefficient seed data determination unit 161, the normal equation is solved by, for example, a sweeping-out method, and the additional data w10 to wn9 are obtained.
[0264]
The operation of the coefficient seed data generation device 150 shown in FIG. 38 will be described. An HD signal (525p signal or 1050i signal) as a teacher signal is supplied to the input terminal 151, and horizontal and vertical thinning processing is performed on the HD signal by the SD signal generation circuit 152, and the SD signal as the input signal is output. A signal (525i signal) is generated.
[0265]
In this case, when the first conversion method (the 525p signal is obtained from the 525i signal by the processing unit 66 in FIG. 23) is selected, the SD signal generation circuit 152 performs a thinning process on the 525p signal to convert the SD signal. Generated. On the other hand, when the second conversion method (a 1050i signal is obtained from the 525i signal by the processing unit 66 in FIG. 23) is selected, the SD signal generation circuit 152 performs a thinning process on the 1050i signal to generate an SD signal. Is done. In this case, the parameters h and v are supplied to the SD signal generation circuit 152 as control signals, and a plurality of SD signals in which the horizontal and vertical bands change stepwise are sequentially generated.
[0266]
From the SD signal (525i signal), the second tap selection circuit 154 selectively selects the data (SD pixel data) of the space class tap located around the pixel of interest related to the HD signal (525p signal or 1050i signal). Taken out. In the second tap selection circuit 154, based on the selected conversion method supplied from the tap selection control circuit 156 and the tap position information corresponding to the motion class detected by the motion class detection circuit 158, the tap of the tap is determined. A selection is made.
[0267]
The data (SD pixel data) of the space class tap selectively extracted by the second tap selection circuit 154 is supplied to the space class detection circuit 157. In this space class detection circuit 157, each SD pixel data as space class tap data is subjected to ADRC processing, and regenerated as class information of a space class (mainly a class classification for representing a waveform in space). The quantization code Qi is obtained (see equation (1)).
[0268]
Further, from the SD signal generated by the SD signal generation circuit 152, data (SD pixel data) of a motion class tap located around the pixel of interest related to the HD signal is selectively extracted by the third tap selection circuit 155. It is. In this case, the third tap selection circuit 155 selects a tap based on tap position information supplied from the tap selection control circuit 156 and corresponding to the selected conversion method.
[0269]
The data (SD pixel data) of the motion class tap selectively extracted by the third tap selection circuit 155 is supplied to the motion class detection circuit 158. The motion class detection circuit 158 obtains class information MV of a motion class (mainly a class classification for representing a degree of motion) from each SD pixel data as data of a motion class tap.
[0270]
The motion information MV and the above-described requantization code Qi are supplied to the class synthesis circuit 159. The class synthesizing circuit 159 obtains a class code CL indicating the class to which the pixel of interest relating to the HD signal (525p signal or 1050i signal) belongs from the motion information MV and the requantized code Qi (see equation (3)). ).
[0271]
Further, from the SD signal generated by the SD signal generation circuit 152, the first tap selection circuit 153 selectively extracts data (SD pixel data) of a prediction tap located around the target pixel related to the HD signal. . In this case, the first tap selection circuit 153 selects a tap based on tap position information supplied from the tap selection control circuit 156 and corresponding to the selected conversion method.
[0272]
Then, each HD pixel data y as target pixel data obtained from the HD signal supplied to the input terminal 151, and the first tap selection circuit 153 selectively extracts each of the HD pixel data y corresponding to each of the HD pixel data y. From the prediction tap data (SD pixel data) xi and the class code CL output from the class synthesizing circuit 159 corresponding to each HD pixel data y, the normal equation generation unit 160 determines a coefficient type for each class. A normal equation (see equation (13)) for generating data w10 to wn9 is generated.
[0273]
Then, the normal equation is solved in the coefficient seed data determination unit 161 to obtain coefficient seed data w10 to wn9 for each class, and the coefficient seed data w10 to wn9 are stored in the coefficient seed memory 162 divided by address for each class. Is done.
[0274]
Thus, the coefficient seed data generation device 150 shown in FIG. 38 can generate the coefficient seed data w10 to wn9 of each class stored in the information memory bank 135 of the processing unit 66 in FIG. In this case, the SD signal generation circuit 152 generates the SD signal (525i signal) using the 525p signal or the 1050i signal according to the selected conversion method, and the first conversion method (the processing unit 66 generates the 525i signal). The coefficient seed data corresponding to the 525p signal from the signal and the second conversion method (the 1050i signal is obtained from the 525i signal by the processing unit 66) can be generated.
[0275]
Next, another example of a method of generating coefficient seed data will be described. Also in this example, an example is shown in which the coefficient seed data w10 to wn9, which are additional data in the generation expression of the above expression (5), are obtained.
[0276]
FIG. 40 shows the concept of this example. A plurality of SD signals are generated from HD signals. For example, the parameters h and v for varying the horizontal band and the vertical band of the filter used when generating the SD signal from the HD signal are varied in nine steps, respectively, to generate a total of 81 types of SD signals. Learning is performed between each SD signal generated in this way and the HD signal, and additional data Wi of the estimation expression of Expression (4) is generated. Then, coefficient seed data is generated using the additional data Wi generated corresponding to each SD signal.
[0277]
First, a method of obtaining additional data of the estimation formula will be described. Here, an example is shown in which the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n) of the estimation expression of Expression (4) is obtained by the least square method. As a generalized example, consider the observation equation (15), where X is input data, W is additional data, and Y is a predicted value. In the equation (15), m indicates the number of learning data, and n indicates the number of prediction taps.
[0278]
(Equation 12)

[0279]
Apply the least squares method to the data collected by the observation equation (15). Based on the observation equation (15), the residual equation (16) is considered.
[0280]
(Equation 13)

[0281]
From the residual equation of Expression (16), it is considered that the most probable value of each Wi is a case where the condition for minimizing e2 of Expression (17) is satisfied. That is, the condition of equation (18) may be considered.
[0282]
[Equation 14]

[0283]
In other words, n conditions based on i in Expression (18) are considered, and W1, W2,..., Wn that satisfy the conditions may be calculated. Then, from the residual equation of equation (16), equation (19) is obtained. Further, the equation (20) is obtained from the equations (19) and (15).
[0284]
(Equation 15)

[0285]
Then, from Equations (16) and (20), a normal equation of Equation (21) is obtained.
[0286]
(Equation 16)

[0287]
As the normal equation of the equation (21), the same number of equations as the number n of unknowns can be established, so that the most probable value of each Wi can be obtained. In this case, simultaneous equations are solved using a sweeping method or the like.
[0288]
Next, a method of obtaining coefficient seed data using the additional data generated corresponding to each SD signal will be described.
[0289]
It is assumed that additional data of a certain class is kvhi by learning using the SD signal corresponding to the parameters h and v. Here, i is the number of the prediction tap. From this kvhi, coefficient type data of this class is obtained.
[0290]
Each of the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n) is expressed by the above equation (5) using the coefficient seed data w10 to wn9. Here, considering that the least-squares method is used for the additional data Wi, the residual is represented by Expression (22).
[0291]
[Equation 17]

[0292]
Here, tj is shown in the above equation (7). By applying the least squares method to equation (22), equation (23) is obtained.
[0293]
(Equation 18)

[0294]
Here, if Xjk and Yj are defined as Expressions (24) and (25), respectively, Expression (23) is rewritten as Expression (26). This equation (26) is also a normal equation, and the coefficient seed data w10 to wn9 can be calculated by solving this equation by a general solution such as a sweeping-out method.
[0295]
[Equation 19]

[0296]
FIG. 41 shows a configuration of a coefficient seed data generation device 150 'that generates coefficient seed data based on the concept shown in FIG. 41, portions corresponding to those in FIG. 40 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
[0297]
The coefficient seed data generation device 150 ′ includes a first tap selection circuit corresponding to each HD pixel data y as target pixel data obtained from the HD signal supplied to the input terminal 151 and corresponding to each HD pixel data y. From the prediction tap data (SD pixel data) xi selectively extracted at 153 and the class code CL output from the class synthesis circuit 159 corresponding to each HD pixel data y, additional data Wi for each class It has a normal equation generation unit 171 that generates a normal equation (see equation (21)) for obtaining (i = 1 to n).
[0298]
In this case, learning data is generated by a combination of one piece of HD pixel data y and n pieces of prediction tap pixel data corresponding thereto, but parameters h and v to the SD signal generation circuit 152 are sequentially changed. A plurality of SD signals in which the horizontal and vertical bands change stepwise are sequentially generated, and learning data is generated between the HD signal and each SD signal. Thus, the normal equation generation unit 171 generates a normal equation for obtaining the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n) for each class corresponding to each SD signal.
[0299]
Further, the coefficient seed data generation device 150 ′ is supplied with data of the normal equation generated by the normal equation generation unit 171, solves the normal equation, and obtains additional data Wi of each class corresponding to each SD signal. Using the additional data determination unit 172 and the additional data Wi of each class corresponding to each SD signal, a normal equation (see equation (26)) for obtaining coefficient seed data w10 to wn9 is generated for each class. And a normal equation generating unit 173 that performs the processing.
[0300]
Further, the coefficient seed data generation device 150 ′ is supplied with the data of the normal equation generated for each class by the normal equation generation unit 173, solves the normal equation for each class, and converts the coefficient seed data w10 to wn9 of each class. It has a coefficient seed data determination unit 174 to be obtained and a coefficient seed memory 162 for storing the obtained coefficient seed data w10 to wn9.
[0301]
The other components of the coefficient seed data generation device 150 'shown in FIG. 41 are configured similarly to the coefficient seed data generation device 150 shown in FIG.
[0302]
The operation of the coefficient seed data generation device 150 'shown in FIG. 41 will be described. An HD signal (525p signal or 1050i signal) as a teacher signal is supplied to the input terminal 151, and horizontal and vertical thinning processing is performed on the HD signal by the SD signal generation circuit 152, and the SD signal as the input signal is output. A signal (525i signal) is generated.
[0303]
In this case, when the first conversion method (the 525p signal is obtained from the 525i signal by the processing unit 66 in FIG. 23) is selected, the SD signal generation circuit 152 performs a thinning process on the 525p signal to convert the SD signal. Generated. On the other hand, when the second conversion method (a 1050i signal is obtained from the 525i signal by the processing unit 66 in FIG. 23) is selected, the SD signal generation circuit 152 performs a thinning process on the 1050i signal to generate an SD signal. Is done. In this case, the parameters h and v are supplied to the SD signal generation circuit 152 as control signals, and a plurality of SD signals in which the horizontal and vertical bands change stepwise are sequentially generated.
[0304]
From the SD signal (525i signal), the second tap selection circuit 154 selectively selects the data (SD pixel data) of the space class tap located around the pixel of interest related to the HD signal (525p signal or 1050i signal). Taken out. In the second tap selection circuit 154, based on the selected conversion method supplied from the tap selection control circuit 156 and the tap position information corresponding to the motion class detected by the motion class detection circuit 158, the tap of the tap is determined. A selection is made.
[0305]
The data (SD pixel data) of the space class tap selectively extracted by the second tap selection circuit 154 is supplied to the space class detection circuit 157. In this space class detection circuit 157, each SD pixel data as space class tap data is subjected to ADRC processing, and regenerated as class information of a space class (mainly a class classification for representing a waveform in space). The quantization code Qi is obtained (see equation (1)).
[0306]
Further, from the SD signal generated by the SD signal generation circuit 152, data (SD pixel data) of a motion class tap located around the pixel of interest related to the HD signal is selectively extracted by the third tap selection circuit 155. It is. In this case, the third tap selection circuit 155 selects a tap based on tap position information supplied from the tap selection control circuit 156 and corresponding to the selected conversion method.
[0307]
The data (SD pixel data) of the motion class tap selectively extracted by the third tap selection circuit 155 is supplied to the motion class detection circuit 158. The motion class detection circuit 158 obtains class information MV of a motion class (mainly a class classification for representing a degree of motion) from each SD pixel data as data of a motion class tap.
[0308]
The motion information MV and the above-described requantization code Qi are supplied to the class synthesis circuit 159. The class synthesizing circuit 159 obtains a class code CL indicating the class to which the pixel of interest relating to the HD signal (525p signal or 1050i signal) belongs from the motion information MV and the requantized code Qi (see equation (3)). ).
[0309]
Further, from the SD signal generated by the SD signal generation circuit 152, the first tap selection circuit 153 selectively extracts data (SD pixel data) of a prediction tap located around the target pixel related to the HD signal. . In this case, the first tap selection circuit 153 selects a tap based on tap position information supplied from the tap selection control circuit 156 and corresponding to the selected conversion method.
[0310]
Then, each HD pixel data y as target pixel data obtained from the HD signal supplied to the input terminal 151, and the first tap selection circuit 153 selectively extracts each of the HD pixel data y corresponding to each of the HD pixel data y. In the normal equation generation unit 171, the SD signal generation circuit 152 generates the prediction tap data (SD pixel data) xi and the class code CL output from the class synthesis circuit 159 corresponding to each HD pixel data y. A normal equation (see equation (21)) for obtaining additional data Wi (i = 1 to n) is generated for each class corresponding to each of the SD signals.
[0311]
Then, the normal equation is solved by the additional data determination unit 172, and additional data Wi of each class corresponding to each SD signal is obtained. The normal equation generation unit 173 generates a normal equation (see equation (26)) for obtaining coefficient seed data w10 to wn9 for each class from the additional data Wi of each class corresponding to each SD signal. .
[0312]
Then, the normal equation is solved by the coefficient seed data determination unit 174 to obtain coefficient seed data w10 to wn9 of each class, and the coefficient seed data w10 to wn9 are stored in the coefficient seed memory 162 divided into addresses by class. You.
[0313]
As described above, the coefficient seed data generation device 150 ′ shown in FIG. 41 can also generate the coefficient seed data w10 to wn9 of each class stored in the information memory bank 135 of the processing unit 66 in FIG. In this case, the SD signal generation circuit 152 generates the SD signal (525i signal) using the 525p signal or the 1050i signal according to the selected conversion method, and the first conversion method (the processing unit 66 generates the 525i signal). The coefficient seed data corresponding to the 525p signal from the signal and the second conversion method (the 1050i signal is obtained from the 525i signal by the processing unit 66) can be generated.
[0314]
Note that the processing unit 66 of FIG. 23 uses the generation formula of Expression (5) to generate the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n). For example, Expressions (27) and (28) are used. It may be used, and a polynomial of a different order or an expression expressed by another function can be realized.
[0315]
(Equation 20)

[0316]
Further, the processing unit 66 in FIG. 23 sets a parameter h for specifying the horizontal resolution and a parameter v for specifying the vertical resolution, and adjusts the values of these parameters h and v so as to reduce the horizontal and vertical resolution of the image. Although an example in which the degree of noise reduction (noise reduction degree) is specified is provided, and a parameter that can adjust the noise reduction degree of an image by adjusting the value of the parameter z is similarly configured. can do.
[0317]
In this case, as a generation expression for generating the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n), for example, Expressions (29) and (30) can be used, and further expressed by polynomials of different orders or other functions. It can also be realized by the following formula.
[0318]
(Equation 21)

[0319]
Note that, as described above, the coefficient seed data that is the additional data of the generation formula including the parameter z is the same as the case of generating the coefficient seed data that is the additional data of the generation formula including the parameters h and v described above. 41 or a coefficient seed data generator 150 'shown in FIG.
[0320]
In this case, the parameter z is supplied as a control signal to the SD signal generation circuit 152, and when the SD signal is generated from the HD signal in accordance with the value of the parameter z, the state of adding noise to the SD signal is stepwise. Is changed to Thus, by registering the learning data while changing the noise addition state to the SD signal stepwise, it is possible to generate coefficient seed data for obtaining a continuous noise removal degree.
[0321]
Here, some examples will be described in detail of the noise adding method corresponding to the value of the parameter z.
[0322]
For example, as shown in FIG. 42A, a noise signal whose amplitude level is changed stepwise is added to the SD signal to generate an SD signal whose noise level changes stepwise.
[0323]
Also, for example, as shown in FIG. 42B, a noise signal having a constant amplitude level is added to the SD signal, and the screen area to be added is changed stepwise.
[0324]
Further, for example, as shown in (C) of FIG. 42, a signal that does not include noise and a signal that includes noise are prepared as SD signals (for one screen). Then, when generating the normal equation, learning is performed a plurality of times for each SD signal.
[0325]
For example, in "noise 0", learning is performed 100 times for a noise-free SD signal, and in "noise i", learning is performed 30 times for a noise-free SD signal and for a noise-containing SD signal. Learn 70 times. In this case, “noise i” is a learning system that calculates coefficient seed data with a higher degree of noise removal. In this manner, by performing learning by changing the number of times of learning for the SD signal with no noise and the SD signal with noise in a stepwise manner, it is possible to obtain coefficient seed data for obtaining a continuous noise removal degree.
[0326]
This method can be realized in the form of addition of normal equations. First, learning is performed to calculate additional data of the estimation formula in “noise 0” to “noise i”. The normal equation at this time is as shown in the above equation (21). Here, if Pij and Qj are defined as Expressions (31) and (32), respectively, Expression (21) is rewritten as Expression (33). Here, xij represents the i-th learning value of SD pixel data at the j-th prediction tap position, yi represents the i-th learning value of HD pixel data, and Wi represents a coefficient.
[0327]
(Equation 22)

[0328]
In the case of learning an SD signal without noise using such learning, the left side of equation (33) is defined as [P1ij] and the right side is defined as [Q1i]. Similarly, the SD signal with noise is learned. In this case, the left side of equation (33) is defined as [P2ij] and the right side is defined as [Q2i]. In such a case, [Paij] and [Qai] are defined as in equations (34) and (35). Here, a (0 ≦ a ≦ 1) is satisfied.
[0329]
[Paij] = (1-a) [P1ij] + a [P2ij] (34)
[Qai] = (1-a) [Q1i] + a [Q2i] (35)
Here, the normal equation for a = 0 is expressed by equation (36), which is equivalent to the normal equation for “noise 0” of C in FIG. 42, and for a = 0.7 This is equivalent to the normal equation in the case of “noise i”.
[0330]
[Paij] [Wi] = [Qai] (36)
By forming a normal equation for each noise level by changing this a stepwise, it is possible to obtain target coefficient seed data. In this case, as described in the coefficient seed data generation device 150 'of FIG. 41, Wi is calculated for the additional data from the normal equation of each noise level, and the coefficient seed data is calculated using the additional data at each stage. You can ask.
[0331]
Further, by combining the normal equations of each noise level, it is also possible to generate a normal equation for obtaining coefficient seed data as in the above-mentioned equation (13). This method will be specifically described below. Here, a case is considered in which a normal equation for obtaining coefficient seed data is generated using the above-described equation (30).
[0332]
Learning is performed in advance by generating an SD signal of a noise level corresponding to several kinds of parameters z in advance, and [P] and [Q] represented by the above-described equations (34) and (35) are prepared. Keep it. They are denoted as [Pnij] and [Qni]. Further, the above equation (7) is rewritten as equation (37).
[0333]
t0 = 1, t1 = z, t2 = z2 (37)
In this case, the above equations (24) and (25) are rewritten as equations (38) and (39), respectively. By solving equation (40) for these equations, coefficient seed data wij can be obtained. Here, the variable representing the total number of prediction taps has been rewritten to m.
[0334]
[Equation 23]

[0335]
Further, the processing unit 66 in FIG. 23 sets a parameter h for specifying the horizontal resolution and a parameter v for specifying the vertical resolution, and adjusts the values of these parameters h and v so as to reduce the horizontal and vertical resolution of the image. Although what can be adjusted has been described, the horizontal and vertical resolutions may be adjusted by one parameter. For example, one parameter r that specifies horizontal and vertical resolutions is set. In this case, for example, r = 1 is h = 1, v = 1, r = 2 is h = 2, v = 2,... Or r = 1 is h = 1, v = 2, r = 2 ... Correspondence relationships such as h = 2, v = 3,. In this case, a polynomial of r or the like is used as a generation formula for generating the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n).
[0336]
Further, the processing unit 66 in FIG. 23 sets a parameter h specifying a horizontal resolution and a parameter v specifying a vertical resolution, and adjusts the values of these plural kinds of parameters h and v to adjust the horizontal and vertical of the image. The parameter r that specifies the horizontal and vertical resolutions and the parameter z that specifies the degree of noise removal (the degree of noise reduction) are set. By adjusting the values of r and z, a device that can adjust the horizontal and vertical resolution and the noise removal degree of an image can be similarly configured.
[0337]
In this case, for example, Expression (41) can be used as a generation expression for generating the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n), and furthermore, a polynomial having a different order or an expression expressed by another function can be realized. It is.
[0338]
(Equation 24)

[0339]
The coefficient seed data that is the additional data of the generation formula including the parameters r and z is the same as the coefficient seed data that is the additional data of the generation formula including the parameters h and v described above. It can be generated by the data generation device 150 or the coefficient seed data generation device 150 'shown in FIG.
[0340]
In this case, the parameters r and z are supplied to the SD signal generation circuit 152 as control signals, and when generating the SD signal from the HD signal, The vertical band and the state of adding noise to the SD signal are changed stepwise.
[0341]
FIG. 43 shows an example of generating an SD signal corresponding to the values of the parameters r and z. In this example, the parameters r and z are each varied in nine steps, and a total of 81 types of SD signals are generated. Note that the parameters r and z may be changed to more stages than nine stages. In that case, the accuracy of the calculated coefficient seed data is improved, but the amount of calculation is increased.
[0342]
Further, the processing unit 66 in FIG. 23 sets a parameter h specifying a horizontal resolution and a parameter v specifying a vertical resolution, and adjusts the values of these plural kinds of parameters h and v to adjust the horizontal and vertical of the image. Has been shown, the parameter z for designating the above-mentioned noise removal degree (noise reduction degree) is set in addition to these parameters h and v, and these plural kinds of parameters h, v, and By adjusting the value of z, a device that can adjust the horizontal and vertical resolutions and the noise removal degree of an image can be similarly configured.
[0343]
In this case, for example, the expression (42) can be used as a generation expression for generating the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n), and can also be realized by a polynomial having a different order or an expression expressed by another function. It is.
[0344]
(Equation 25)

[0345]
The coefficient seed data, which is the additional data of the generation formula including the parameters h, v, and z, is shown in FIG. 38 as in the case of generating the coefficient seed data that is the additional data of the generation formula including the parameters h, v. It can be generated by the coefficient seed data generator 150 or the coefficient seed data generator 150 'shown in FIG.
[0346]
In this case, the parameters h, v, and z are supplied as control signals to the SD signal generation circuit 152, and when the SD signal is generated from the HD signal in accordance with the values of the parameters h, v, and z, the SD signal is generated. The horizontal and vertical bands of the signal and the state of adding noise to the SD signal are varied stepwise.
[0347]
FIG. 44 shows an example of generating an SD signal corresponding to the values of the parameters h, v, and z. In this example, the parameters h, v, and z are each varied in nine steps, and a total of 729 types of SD signals are generated. Note that the parameters h, v, and z may be changed to more stages than nine stages. In that case, the accuracy of the calculated coefficient seed data is improved, but the amount of calculation is increased.
[0348]
Note that the processing in the processing unit 66 in FIG. 23 can be realized by software using, for example, a video signal processing device 300 as shown in FIG.
[0349]
First, the video signal processing device 300 shown in FIG. 45 will be described. The video signal processing device 300 includes a CPU 301 that controls the operation of the entire device, a ROM (read only memory) 302 in which an operation program of the CPU 301 and coefficient seed data are stored, and a RAM ( (random access memory) 303. The CPU 301, the ROM 302, and the RAM 303 are connected to a bus 304, respectively.
[0350]
Further, the video signal processing device 300 has a hard disk drive (HDD) 305 as an external storage device, and a flexible disk drive (FDD) 307 for driving a flexible disk 306. These drives 305 and 307 are connected to the bus 304, respectively.
[0351]
In addition, the video signal processing device 300 includes a communication unit 308 that connects to a communication network 400 such as the Internet by wire or wirelessly. The communication unit 308 is connected to the bus 304 via the interface 309.
[0352]
In addition, the video signal processing device 300 has an input terminal 314 for inputting an SD signal and an output terminal 315 for outputting an HD signal. The input terminal 314 is connected to the bus 304 via the interface 316, and the output terminal 315 is similarly connected to the bus 304 via the interface 317.
[0353]
Here, instead of previously storing the processing program, coefficient seed data, and the like in the ROM 302 as described above, for example, the processing program and the coefficient seed data are downloaded from the communication network 400 such as the Internet via the communication unit 308 and stored in the hard disk or the RAM 303 for use. You can also. Further, these processing programs, coefficient seed data, and the like may be provided on the flexible disk 306.
[0354]
Instead of inputting the SD signal to be processed from the input terminal 314, the SD signal may be recorded in a hard disk in advance or downloaded from the communication network 400 such as the Internet via the communication unit 308. Alternatively, instead of outputting the processed HD signal to the output terminal 315 or in parallel with the output, the image signal is supplied to the display 311 for image display, further stored in the hard disk, or connected to the Internet via the communication unit 308. You may make it transmit to the communication network 400.
[0355]
A processing procedure for obtaining an HD signal from an SD signal in the video signal processing device 300 shown in FIG. 45 will be described with reference to the flowchart in FIG.
[0356]
First, in step ST1, the process is started, and in step ST2, SD pixel data is input in frame units or field units. When the SD pixel data is input from the input terminal 314, the SD pixel data is temporarily stored in the RAM 303. When the SD pixel data is recorded on the hard disk, the SD pixel data is read by the hard disk drive 307 and temporarily stored in the RAM 303. Then, in step ST3, it is determined whether or not processing of all frames or all fields of the input SD pixel data has been completed. If the process has been completed, the process ends in step ST4. On the other hand, if the processing has not been completed, the process proceeds to step ST5.
[0357]
In this step ST5, the image quality designation values (for example, the values of the parameters h and v) are read from the RAM 303, for example. Then, in step ST6, the additional data Wi of the estimation formula of each class (refer to formula (4)) is obtained by a generating formula (for example, formula (5)) using the read image quality designated value and coefficient type data of each class. Generate
[0358]
Next, in step ST7, from the SD pixel data input in step ST2, pixel data of a class tap and a prediction tap is obtained corresponding to each HD pixel data to be generated. Then, in step ST8, it is determined whether or not the processing for obtaining HD pixel data has been completed in the entire area of the input SD pixel data. If the processing has been completed, the process returns to step ST2 to shift to input processing of SD pixel data of the next frame or field. On the other hand, if the processing has not been completed, the process proceeds to step ST9.
[0359]
In step ST9, a class code CL is generated from the SD pixel data of the class tap acquired in step ST7. Then, in step ST10, using the additional data corresponding to the class code CL and the SD pixel data of the prediction tap, HD pixel data is generated by an estimation formula, and thereafter, the process returns to step ST7, and the same as described above. Is repeated.
[0360]
In this way, by performing the processing according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 46, it is possible to process the input SD pixel data constituting the SD signal and obtain HD pixel data constituting the HD signal. As described above, the HD signal obtained by the above processing is output to the output terminal 315, supplied to the display 311 to display an image based on the HD signal, and further supplied to the hard disk drive 305 to be supplied to the hard disk drive 305. Or be recorded.
[0361]
Although illustration of the processing device is omitted, the processing in the coefficient seed data generation device 150 in FIG. 38 can be realized by software.
[0362]
A processing procedure for generating coefficient seed data will be described with reference to the flowchart in FIG.
[0363]
First, in step ST21, the process is started, and in step ST22, an image quality pattern (for example, specified by parameters h and v) used for learning is selected. Then, in step ST23, it is determined whether learning has been completed for all image quality patterns. If learning has not been completed for all image quality selection patterns, the process proceeds to step ST24.
[0364]
In this step ST24, known HD pixel data is input in frame units or field units. Then, in step ST25, it is determined whether or not the processing has been completed for all HD pixel data. When the processing is completed, the process returns to step ST22, selects the next image quality pattern, and repeats the same processing as described above. On the other hand, if it has not ended, the process proceeds to step ST26.
[0365]
In step ST26, SD pixel data is generated from the HD pixel data input in step ST24 based on the image quality pattern selected in step ST22. Then, in step ST27, from the SD pixel data generated in step ST26, the pixel data of the class tap and the prediction tap is obtained corresponding to each HD pixel data input in step ST24. Then, in step ST28, it is determined whether or not the learning process has been completed in the entire area of the generated SD pixel data. If the learning process has been completed, the process returns to step ST24 to input the next HD pixel data and repeats the same process as described above. If the learning process has not been completed, the process returns to step ST29. Proceed to.
[0366]
In step ST29, a class code CL is generated from the SD pixel data of the class tap obtained in step ST27. Then, in step ST30, a normal equation (see equation (13)) is generated. Thereafter, the process returns to step ST27.
[0367]
If learning has been completed for all image quality patterns in step ST23, the process proceeds to step ST31. In step ST31, coefficient seed data of each class is calculated by solving a normal equation by a sweeping-out method or the like, and in step ST32, the coefficient seed data is stored in a memory. Then, in step ST33, the process ends.
[0368]
In this way, by performing the processing according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 47, the coefficient seed data of each class can be obtained by the same method as that of the coefficient seed data generation device 150 shown in FIG.
[0369]
Although the processing device is not shown, the processing in the coefficient seed data generation device 150 'in FIG. 41 can also be realized by software.
[0370]
A processing procedure for generating coefficient seed data will be described with reference to the flowchart in FIG.
[0371]
First, in step ST41, the process is started, and in step ST42, an image quality pattern (for example, specified by parameters h and v) used for learning is selected. Then, in step ST43, it is determined whether or not the calculation processing of the additional data for all the image quality patterns has been completed. If not, the process proceeds to step ST44.
[0372]
In this step ST44, known HD pixel data is input in frame units or field units. Then, in a step ST45, it is determined whether or not the processing has been completed for all the HD pixel data. If not, in step ST46, SD pixel data is generated from the HD pixel data input in step ST44 based on the image quality pattern selected in step ST42.
[0373]
Then, in step ST47, from the SD pixel data generated in step ST46, the pixel data of the class tap and the prediction tap is obtained corresponding to each HD pixel data input in step ST44. Then, in step ST48, it is determined whether or not the learning process has been completed in the entire area of the generated SD pixel data. If the learning process has been completed, the process returns to step ST44 to input the next HD pixel data, and repeats the same process as described above. If the learning process has not been completed, the process returns to step ST49. Proceed to.
[0374]
In this step ST49, a class code CL is generated from the SD pixel data of the class tap acquired in step ST47. Then, in step ST50, a normal equation (see equation (21)) for obtaining additional data is generated. Thereafter, the process returns to step ST47.
[0375]
When the processing has been completed for all the HD pixel data in step ST45 described above, in step ST51, the normal equation generated in step ST50 is solved by a sweeping method or the like to calculate additional data of each class. Thereafter, returning to step ST42, the next image quality pattern is selected, and the same processing as described above is repeated to obtain additional data of each class corresponding to the next image quality pattern.
[0376]
When the calculation processing of the additional data for all the image quality patterns is completed in step ST43, the process proceeds to step ST52. In step ST52, a normal equation (see equation (26)) for obtaining coefficient seed data is generated from the additional data for all image quality patterns.
[0377]
Then, in step ST53, the coefficient equation data of each class is calculated by solving the normal equation generated in step ST52 by a sweeping-out method or the like, and in step ST54, the coefficient seed data is stored in a memory. Then, the process ends.
[0378]
In this way, by performing the processing according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 48, the coefficient seed data of each class can be obtained by the same method as the coefficient seed data generation device 150 'shown in FIG.
[0379]
In the above-described example, an example in which a linear linear equation is used as an estimation equation when generating an HD signal is described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, an equation using a higher-order equation as an estimation equation is used. It may be.
[0380]
Further, in the above-described embodiment, an example in which the SD signal (525i signal) is converted to the HD signal (525p signal or 1050i signal) has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and an estimation formula is used. Needless to say, the present invention can be similarly applied to other cases in which the first video signal is converted into the second video signal.
[0381]
Further, in the above-described example, the case where the information signal is a video signal has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the present invention can be similarly applied to a case where the information signal is a voice signal.
[0382]
As described above, according to the “class classification adaptive processing”, the additional data of the estimation formula used when converting the first information signal into the second information signal is generated using the coefficient seed data. Thus, the quality of the output obtained by the second information signal, for example, the image quality of the image can be smoothly adjusted steplessly. In this case, since the additional data of each class corresponding to the parameter for determining the output quality can be generated each time using the coefficient seed data, a memory for storing a large amount of additional data is not required, and the memory can be saved. Can be planned.
[0383]
According to the “class classification adaptive processing”, the sum of the additional data of the estimation formula generated using the coefficient seed data is obtained, and the information data of the point of interest generated using the estimation formula is divided by the sum. The level variation of the information data at the point of interest due to a rounding error when obtaining the additional data of the estimation formula by the generation formula using the coefficient seed data can be removed.
[0384]
[About business model to which the present invention is applied]
A business model to which the present invention is applied will be considered in relation to a content providing device 510, a disc creating device 520, and a copying device 530, as shown in FIG. The content providing device 510 provides information recorded on a recording medium. The disc creation device 520 creates a disc-shaped recording medium on which no information is recorded. The copying apparatus 530 records information provided from the content providing apparatus 510 on a disk-shaped recording medium on which no information is recorded. Here, it is assumed that the content providing device 510, the disc creating device 520, and the duplicating device 530 are owned and operated by different entities (content provider, disc creator, and duplicator).
[0385]
As shown in FIG. 50, the disk creation device (disk creator) 520 creates a disk-shaped recording medium and provides the disk-shaped recording medium to the duplication device (copyer) 530. Here, the duplication device (duplicator) 530 is charged, and the disk creation device (disk creator) 520 collects. This fee includes a fee for creating the disk-shaped recording medium and a later content copying fee.
[0386]
Then, information (content) is provided from the content providing device (content provider) 510 to the copying device (copying person) 530, and the information is copied. Here, the disc-shaped recording medium to be copied has the basic information and the additional information recorded thereon in accordance with the contents of the present invention as described above. Here, the disc creation device (disc creator) 520 is charged, and the content providing device (content provider) 510 collects the fee. This charge includes a content copy fee.
[0387]
As a result, the duplication device (duplicator) 530 only pays the fee for the disc creation device (disc creator) 520. ) 510 is also secured.
[0388]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the recording medium and the reproducing apparatus according to the present invention, the reproduction information has a higher information amount than the basic information because the reproduction information has higher quality than the basic information. To record on a medium, a large amount of recording medium is required.
[0389]
Also, the reproduction information obtained by reproducing the information recorded in the recording apparatus according to the present invention has higher quality information than the basic information, and therefore has a larger information amount than the basic information. Recording on a medium requires a large amount of recording media.
[0390]
That is, the present invention can provide a recording medium, a reproducing device, and a recording device in which it is difficult to copy recorded data.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a recording medium according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart in a case where copying is performed on the recording medium.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a configuration for downloading data from the recording medium.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart in a case where data is downloaded from the recording medium.
FIG. 5 is a side view showing a configuration of pits of a disk-shaped recording medium according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a side view showing a disk-shaped recording medium according to the present invention having two recording layers and an optical pickup device.
FIG. 7 is a side view showing additional data in the disc-shaped recording medium.
FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a configuration of a pit and a light absorbing layer of a disk-shaped recording medium according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a configuration of a magneto-optical layer and a light absorbing layer of a disk-shaped recording medium according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a plan view showing a configuration of pits and a magneto-optical layer of a disk-shaped recording medium according to the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a plan view showing another example of the configuration of the pits and the magneto-optical layer of the disk-shaped recording medium according to the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a plan view showing a case where basic data and additional data are separated by a predetermined relative address in the disk-shaped recording medium.
FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a playback device according to the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a side view showing a configuration of an optical pickup device in the reproduction device.
FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the optical pickup device.
FIG. 16 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a magneto-optical signal detection unit in the optical pickup device.
FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a disc-shaped recording medium manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of the disk-shaped recording medium manufacturing apparatus.
FIG. 19 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a recording apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the first embodiment of the semiconductor device.
FIG. 21 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a main part of the semiconductor device.
FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a second embodiment of the semiconductor device.
FIG. 23 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a playback device that performs a class classification adaptive process.
FIG. 24 is a diagram for describing a pixel positional relationship between a 525i signal and a 525p signal.
FIG. 25 is a diagram for describing a pixel positional relationship between a 525i signal and a 1050i signal.
FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating an example of a pixel positional relationship between 525i and 525p and a prediction tap.
FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating an example of a pixel positional relationship between 525i and 525p and a prediction tap.
FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating a pixel positional relationship between 525i and 1050i and an example of a prediction tap.
FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating an example of a pixel positional relationship between 525i and 1050i and a prediction tap.
FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating an example of a pixel positional relationship between 525i and 525p and a space class tap.
FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating an example of a pixel positional relationship between 525i and 525p and a space class tap.
FIG. 32 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel positional relationship between 525i and 1050i and a space class tap.
FIG. 33 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel positional relationship between 525i and 1050i and a space class tap.
FIG. 34 is a diagram illustrating an example of a pixel positional relationship between 525i and 525p and a motion class tap.
FIG. 35 is a diagram illustrating an example of a pixel positional relationship between 525i and 1050i and a motion class tap.
FIG. 36 is a diagram illustrating a line double speed process when a 525p signal is output.
FIG. 37 is a diagram illustrating the concept of an example of a method of generating coefficient seed data.
FIG. 38 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a coefficient seed data generation device.
FIG. 39 is a diagram illustrating an example of the frequency characteristics of the bandpass filter.
FIG. 40 is a diagram showing the concept of another example of a method of generating coefficient seed data.
FIG. 41 is a block diagram illustrating another configuration example of the coefficient seed data generation device.
FIG. 42 is a diagram for describing a noise adding method.
FIG. 43 is a diagram illustrating a generation example of an SD signal (parameters r and z).
FIG. 44 is a diagram illustrating an example of generation of an SD signal (parameters h, v, and z).
FIG. 45 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a video signal processing device realized by software.
FIG. 46 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of a video signal.
FIG. 47 is a flowchart showing a coefficient seed data generation process (1).
FIG. 48 is a flowchart showing a coefficient seed data generation process (2).
FIG. 49 is a block diagram illustrating a business model to which the present invention is applied.
FIG. 50 is a flowchart for explaining the business model.
[Explanation of symbols]
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 recording medium, disk-shaped recording medium, 6 pits, 7 step portions, 11 optical pickup device, 101 first recording layer, 102 second recording layer

Claims (14)

A basic data is recorded by the pits, and a recording track is recorded on which additional data serving as additional information for the basic data is recorded by a change in the magnetization direction,
A recording medium wherein reproduction information generated by a predetermined process based on the basic data and the additional data has higher quality information than basic information generated from the basic data. The additional data is recorded by a substantially circular magneto-optical spot formed on the recording track, and the magneto-optical spot has a first area and a second area smaller than the first area. 2. The recording medium according to claim 1, wherein said recording medium is constituted by at least two kinds of recording media. The basic information is video information,
2. The recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the reproduction information is of high quality because of a higher spatial resolution than the basic information. 2. The recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the additional information is generated by a classification adaptive process. The pit has basic data recorded thereon, and has a recording track on which additional data serving as additional information for the basic data is recorded by a change in the magnetization direction, and a predetermined process is performed based on the basic data and the additional data. The playback information to be generated is attached to a recording medium that becomes higher quality information with respect to the basic information generated from the basic data,
Rotation operation means for rotating the recording medium,
Irradiating means for irradiating the recording medium with laser light,
Detecting means for detecting the intensity and the polarization direction of the reflected light from the recording medium of the laser light irradiated by the irradiation means,
First decoding means for reading the basic data and decoding basic information from the basic data based on a detection result of the intensity of the reflected light by the detection means;
Second decoding means for reading the additional data based on the detection result of the polarization direction of the reflected light by the detection means and decoding the additional information from the additional data;
A reproducing apparatus comprising: reproducing means for generating the reproduction information based on the basic information and the additional information decoded by the first and second decoding means. A polarizing beam splitter that receives the reflected light and separates the reflected light into a first reflected light and a second reflected light according to a polarization direction component;
A first light amount detector for detecting the light amount of the first reflected light;
A second light amount detector for detecting the light amount of the second reflected light;
A comparator for comparing the detection results of the first and second light quantity detectors,
6. The reproducing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein a polarization direction of the reflected light is detected based on a result of the comparison by the comparator. In the recording medium to be mounted, the additional data is recorded by a substantially circular magneto-optical spot formed on the recording track, and the magneto-optical spot has a first area and a first area. A second area smaller than the second area,
A polarizing beam splitter that receives the reflected light and separates the reflected light into a first reflected light and a second reflected light according to a polarization direction component;
A first light amount detector for detecting the light amount of the first reflected light;
A second light amount detector for detecting the light amount of the second reflected light;
A comparator for comparing the detection results of the first and second light quantity detectors,
6. The reproducing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein a polarization direction of the reflected light is detected based on a comparison result by the comparator, and an area of the magneto-optical spot is determined. The determination of the area of the magneto-optical spot by the detecting means is performed by detecting a ratio of a detection result of the first and second light amount detectors based on a comparison result by the comparator. Item 8. The playback device according to Item 7. An external information input means for inputting external information;
6. The reproducing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the reproducing means generates the reproduction information based on basic information and additional information, and further based on external information input from the external information input means. 10. The reproducing apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the external information input to the external information input means is biometric information of a user. 10. The reproducing apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the external information input to the external information input means is information about a surrounding environment. Equipped with a time measuring means for measuring time and outputting time information,
6. The reproducing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the reproducing means generates the reproduction information based on basic information and additional information, and further based on the time information. It has a recording track on which basic data is recorded by pits and additional data serving as additional information to the basic data is recorded by a change in magnetization direction, and is generated by a predetermined process based on the basic data and the additional data. The playback information is attached to a recording medium having higher quality information with respect to the basic information generated from the basic data,
Encoding means for encoding the basic information and outputting the basic data, and encoding the additional information for the basic data and outputting the additional data;
First recording means for irradiating a light beam on a recording track of the recording medium and recording the basic data by pits on the recording track;
A recording apparatus, comprising: second recording means for irradiating a light flux on a recording track of the recording medium and recording the additional data on the recording track by a magneto-optical spot. 14. The recording apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the second recording means records the additional data using at least two types of magneto-optical spots having different areas.

Images