JP4103636B2 - Recording medium, reproducing apparatus, reproducing method, recording medium manufacturing apparatus, and recording medium manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

【０１８８】
そして、動きクラス検出回路１２５では、上述したように算出された平均値ＡＶが１個又は複数個の閾値と比較されて、動きクラスのクラス情報ＭＶが得られる。例えば、３個の閾値ｔｈ１，ｔｈ２，ｔｈ３（ｔｈ１＜ｔｈ２＜ｔｈ３）が用意され、４つの動きクラスを検出する場合、ＡＶ≦ｔｈ１のときは、ＭＶ＝０、ｔｈ１＜ＡＶ≦ｔｈ２のときは、ＭＶ＝１、ｔｈ２＜ＡＶ≦ｔｈ３のときは、ＭＶ＝２、ｔｈ３＜ＡＶのときは、ＭＶ＝３とされる。
【０１８９】
また、プロセッシング部６６は、空間クラス検出回路１２４より出力される空間クラスのクラス情報としての再量子化コードＱｉと、動きクラス検出回路１２５より出力される動きクラスのクラス情報ＭＶに基づき、作成すべきＨＤ信号（５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号）の画素（注目画素）が属するクラスを示すクラスコードＣＬを得るためのクラス合成回路１２６を有している。
【０１９０】
このクラス合成回路１２６では、（３）式によって、クラスコードＣＬの演算が行われる。なお、（３）式において、Ｎａは空間クラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）の個数、Ｐは「ＡＤＲＣ」における再量子化ビット数を示している。
【０１９１】
【数２】

【０１９２】
また、プロセッシング部６６は、レジスタ１３０〜１３３と、係数メモリ６８とを有している。後述する線順次変換回路１２９は、５２５ｐ信号を出力する場合と、１０５０ｉ信号を出力する場合とで、その動作を切り換える必要がある。レジスタ１３０は、線順次変換回路１２９の動作を指定する動作指定情報を格納するものである。線順次変換回路１２９は、レジスタ１３０より供給される動作指定情報に従った動作をする。
【０１９３】
レジスタ１３１は、第１のタップ選択回路１２１で選択される予測タップのタップ位置情報を格納するものである。第１のタップ選択回路１２１は、レジスタ１３１より供給されるタップ位置情報に従って予測タップを選択する。タップ位置情報は、例えば選択される可能性のある複数のＳＤ画素に対して番号付けを行い、選択するＳＤ画素の番号を指定するものである。以下のタップ位置情報においても同様である。
【０１９４】
レジスタ１３２は、第２のタップ選択回路１２２で選択される空間クラスタップのタップ位置情報を格納するものである。第２のタップ選択回路１２２は、レジスタ１３２より供給されるタップ位置情報に従って空間クラスタップを選択する。
【０１９５】
ここで、レジスタ１３２には、動きが比較的小さい場合のタップ位置情報Ａと、動きが比較的大きい場合のタップ位置情報Ｂとが格納される。これらタップ位置情報Ａ，Ｂのいずれを第２のタップ選択回路１２２に供給するかは、動きクラス検出回路１２５より出力される動きクラスのクラス情報ＭＶによって選択される。
【０１９６】
すなわち、動きがないか、あるいは動きが小さいためにＭＶ＝０又はＭＶ＝１であるときは、タップ位置情報Ａが第２のタップ選択回路１２２に供給され、この第２のタップ選択回路１２２で選択される空間クラスタップは、図３０乃至図３３に示すように、複数フィールドに跨るものとされる。また、動きが比較的大きいためにＭＶ＝２又はＭＶ＝３であるときは、タップ位置情報Ｂが第２のタップ選択回路１２２に供給され、この第２のタップ選択回路１２２で選択される空間クラスタップは、図示せずも、作成すべき画素と同一フィールド内のＳＤ画素のみとされる。
【０１９７】
なお、上述したレジスタ１３１にも動きが比較的小さい場合のタップ位置情報と、動きが比較的大きい場合のタップ位置情報が格納されるようにし、第１のタップ選択回路１２１に供給されるタップ位置情報が動きクラス検出回路１２５より出力される動きクラスのクラス情報ＭＶによって選択されるようにしてもよい。
【０１９８】
レジスタ１３３は、第３のタップ選択回路１２３で選択される動きクラスタップのタップ位置情報を格納するものである。第３のタップ選択回路１２３は、レジスタ１３３より供給されるタップ位置情報に従って動きクラスタップを選択する。
【０１９９】
さらに、係数メモリ６８は、後述する推定予測演算回路１２７で使用される推定式の付加データを、クラス毎に、格納するものである。この付加データは、ＳＤ信号としての５２５ｉ信号を、ＨＤ信号としての５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号に変換するための情報である。
【０２００】
係数メモリ６８には、上述したクラス合成回路１２６より出力されるクラスコードＣＬが読み出しアドレス情報として供給され、この係数メモリ６８からはクラスコードＣＬに対応した付加データが読み出され、推定予測演算回路１２７に供給されることとなる。
【０２０１】
また、プロセッシング部６６は、情報メモリバンク１３５を有している。この情報メモリバンク１３５には、レジスタ１３０に格納するための動作指定情報と、レジスタ１３１〜１３３に格納するためのタップ位置情報が予め蓄えられている。
【０２０２】
ここで、レジスタ１３０に格納するための動作指定情報として、情報メモリバンク１３５には、線順次変換回路１２９を５２５ｐ信号を出力するように動作させるための第１の動作指定情報と、線順次変換回路１２９を１０５０ｉ信号を出力するように動作させるための第２の動作指定情報とが予め蓄えられている。
【０２０３】
また、情報メモリバンク１３５には、レジスタ１３１に格納するための予測タップのタップ位置情報として、第１の変換方法（５２５ｐ）に対応する第１のタップ位置情報と、第２の変換方法（１０５０ｉ）に対応する第２のタップ位置情報とが予め蓄えられている。この情報メモリバンク１３５よりレジスタ１３１には、上述した変換方法の選択情報に従って第１のタップ位置情報又は第２のタップ位置情報がロードされる。
【０２０４】
また、情報メモリバンク１３５には、レジスタ１３２に格納するための空間クラスタップのタップ位置情報として、第１の変換方法（５２５ｐ）に対応する第１のタップ位置情報と、第２の変換方法（１０５０ｉ）に対応する第２のタップ位置情報とが予め蓄えられている。なお、第１及び第２のタップ位置情報は、それぞれ動きが比較的小さい場合のタップ位置情報と、動きが比較的大きい場合のタップ位置情報とからなっている。この情報メモリバンク１３５よりレジスタ１３２には、上述した変換方法の選択情報に従って第１のタップ位置情報又は第２のタップ位置情報がロードされる。
【０２０５】
また、情報メモリバンク１３５には、レジスタ１３３に格納するための動きクラスタップのタップ位置情報として、第１の変換方法（５２５ｐ）に対応する第１のタップ位置情報と、第２の変換方法（１０５０ｉ）に対応する第２のタップ位置情報とが予め蓄えられている。この情報メモリバンク１３５よりレジスタ１３３には、上述した変換方法の選択情報に従って第１のタップ位置情報又は第２のタップ位置情報がロードされる。
【０２０６】
また、情報メモリバンク１３５には、第１及び第２の変換方法のそれぞれに対応した各クラスの係数種データが予め蓄えられている。この係数種データは、上述した係数メモリ６８に格納するための付加データを生成するための生成式の付加データである。
【０２０７】
後述する推定予測演算回路１２７では、予測タップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）ｘｉと、係数メモリ６８より読み出される付加データＷｉとから、（４）式の推定式によって、作成すべきＨＤ画素データｙが演算される。第１のタップ選択回路１２１で選択される予測タップが、図２４及び図２７に示すように１０個であるとき、（４）式におけるｎは１０となる。
【０２０８】
【数３】

【０２０９】
そして、この推定式の付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）は、（５）式に示すように、外部から入力され、あるいは、予め設定されたパラメータｈ，ｖを含む生成式によって生成される。情報メモリバンク１３５には、この生成式の付加データである係数種データｗ10〜ｗn9が、変換方法毎かつクラス毎に、記憶されている。この係数種データの生成方法については後述する。
【０２１０】
【数４】

【０２１１】
また、プロセッシング部６６は、各クラスの係数種データ及びパラメータｈ，ｖの値とを用い、（５）式によって、クラス毎に、パラメータｈ，ｖの値に対応した推定式の付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）を生成する係数生成回路１３６を有している。この係数生成回路１３６には、情報メモリバンク１３５より、上述した変換方法の選択情報に従って第１の変換方法又は第２の変換方法に対応した各クラスの係数種データがロードされる。また、この係数生成回路１３６には、システムコントローラ１０１より、パラメータｈ，ｖの値が供給される。
【０２１２】
この係数生成回路１３６で生成される各クラスの付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）は、上述した係数メモリ６８に格納される。この係数生成回路１３６における各クラスの付加データＷｉの生成は、例えば各垂直ブランキング期間で行われる。これにより、パラメータｈ，ｖの値が変更されても、係数メモリ６８に格納される各クラスの付加データＷｉを、そのパラメータｈ，ｖの値に対応したものに即座に変更でき、解像度の調整がスムーズに行われる。
【０２１３】
また、プロセッシング部６６は、係数生成回路１３６で生成される各クラスの付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）に対応した正規化係数Ｓを、（６）式によって、演算する正規化係数生成回路１３７と、ここで生成された正規化係数Ｓを、クラス毎に格納する正規化係数メモリ１３８を有している。正規化係数メモリ１３８には上述したクラス合成回路１２６より出力されるクラスコードＣＬが読み出しアドレス情報として供給され、この正規化係数メモリ１３８からはクラスコードＣＬに対応した正規化係数Ｓが読み出され、後述する正規化演算回路１２８に供給されることとなる。
【０２１４】
【数５】

【０２１５】
また、プロセッシング部６６は、第１のタップ選択回路１２１で選択的に取り出される予測タップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）ｘｉと、係数メモリ６８より読み出される付加データＷｉとから、作成すべきＨＤ信号の画素（注目画素）のデータを演算する推定予測演算回路１２７を有している。
【０２１６】
この推定予測演算回路１２７では、５２５ｐ信号を出力する場合、上述した図２４に示すように、奇数（ｏ）フィールド及び偶数（ｅ）フィールドで、５２５ｉ信号のラインと同一位置のラインデータＬ１と、５２５ｉ信号の上下のラインの中間位置のラインデータＬ２とを生成し、また各ラインの画素数を２倍とする必要がある。また、この推定予測演算回路１２７では、１０５０ｉ信号を出力する場合、上述した図２５に示すように、奇数（ｏ）フィールド及び偶数（ｅ）フィールドで、５２５ｉ信号のラインに近い位置のラインデータＬ１，Ｌ１′と、５２５ｉ信号のラインから遠い位置のラインデータＬ２，Ｌ２′とを生成し、また各ラインの画素数を２倍とする必要がある。
【０２１７】
従って、推定予測演算回路１２７では、ＨＤ信号を構成する４画素のデータが同時的に生成される。例えば、４画素のデータはそれぞれ付加データを異にする推定式を使用して同時的に生成されるものであり、係数メモリ６８からはそれぞれの推定式の付加データが供給される。ここで、推定予測演算回路１２７では、予測タップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）ｘｉと、係数メモリ６８より読み出される付加データＷｉとから、上述の（４）式の推定式によって、作成すべきＨＤ画素データｙが演算される。
【０２１８】
また、プロセッシング部６６は、推定予測演算回路１２７より出力されるラインデータＬ１，Ｌ２（Ｌ１′，Ｌ２′）を構成する各ＨＤ画素データｙを、正規化係数メモリ１３８より読み出され、それぞれの生成に使用された付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）に対応した正規化係数Ｓで除算して正規化する正規化演算回路１２８を有している。上述せずも、係数生成回路１３６で係数種データより生成式で推定式の付加データを求めるものであるが、生成される付加データは丸め誤差を含み、付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）の総和が１．０になることは保証されない。そのため、推定予測演算回路１２７で演算されるＨＤ画素データｙは、丸め誤差によってレベル変動したものとなる。上述したように、正規化演算回路１２８で正規化することで、その変動を除去できる。
【０２１９】
また、プロセッシング部６６は、水平周期を１／２倍とするライン倍速処理を行って、推定予測演算回路１２７より正規化演算回路１２８を介して供給されるラインデータＬ１，Ｌ２（Ｌ１′，Ｌ２′）を線順次化する線順次変換回路１２９を有している。
【０２２０】
図３６は、５２５ｐ信号を出力する場合のライン倍速処理をアナログ波形を用いて示すものである。上述したように、推定予測演算回路１２７によってラインデータＬ１，Ｌ２が生成される。ラインデータＬ１には順にａ１，ａ２，ａ３，・・・のラインが含まれ、ラインデータＬ２には順にｂ１，ｂ２，ｂ３，・・・のラインが含まれる。線順次変換回路１２９は、各ラインのデータを時間軸方向に１／２に圧縮し、圧縮されたデータを交互に選択することによって、線順次出力ａ０，ｂ０，ａ１，ｂ１，・・・を形成する。
【０２２１】
なお、１０５０ｉ信号を出力する場合には、奇数フィールド及び偶数フィールドでインタレース関係を満たすように、線順次変換回路１２９が線順次出力を発生する。したがって、線順次変換回路１２９は、５２５ｐ信号を出力する場合と、１０５０ｉ信号を出力する場合とで、その動作を切り換える必要がある。その動作指定情報は、上述したようにレジスタ１３０より供給される。
【０２２２】
次に、図２３によりプロセッシング部６６の動作を説明する。
【０２２３】
バッファメモリ６７に記憶されているＳＤ信号（５２５ｉ信号）より、第２のタップ選択回路１２２で、空間クラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）が選択的に取り出される。この場合、第２のタップ選択回路１２２では、レジスタ１３２より供給される、予め選択された変換方法、及び動きクラス検出回路１２５で検出される動きクラスに対応したタップ位置情報に基づいて、タップの選択が行われる。
【０２２４】
この第２のタップ選択回路１２２で選択的に取り出される空間クラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）は空間クラス検出回路１２４に供給される。この空間クラス検出回路１２４では、空間クラスタップのデータとしての各ＳＤ画素データに対してＡＤＲＣ処理が施されて空間クラス（主に空間内の波形表現のためのクラス分類）のクラス情報としての再量子化コードＱｉが得られる（（１）式参照）。
【０２２５】
また、バッファメモリ６７に記憶されているＳＤ信号（５２５ｉ信号）より、第３のタップ選択回路１２３で、動きクラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）が選択的に取り出される。この場合、第３のタップ選択回路１２３では、レジスタ１３３より供給される、予め選択された変換方法に対応したタップ位置情報に基づいて、タップの選択が行われる。
【０２２６】
この第３のタップ選択回路１２３で選択的に取り出される動きクラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）は動きクラス検出回路１２５に供給される。この動きクラス検出回路１２５では、動きクラスタップのデータとしての各ＳＤ画素データより動きクラス（主に動きの程度を表すためのクラス分類）のクラス情報ＭＶが得られる。
【０２２７】
この動き情報ＭＶと上述した再量子化コードＱｉはクラス合成回路１２６に供給される。このクラス合成回路１２６では、これら動き情報ＭＶと再量子化コードＱｉとから、作成すべきＨＤ信号（５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号）の画素（注目画素）が属するクラスを示すクラスコードＣＬが得られる（（３）式参照）。そして、このクラスコードＣＬは、係数メモリ６８及び正規化係数メモリ１３８に読み出しアドレス情報として供給される。
【０２２８】
係数メモリ６８には、例えば各垂直ブランキング期間に、予め設定されたパラメータｈ，ｖの値及び変換方法に対応した各クラスの推定式の付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）が係数生成回路１３６で生成されて格納される。また、正規化係数メモリ１３８には、上述したように係数生成回路１３６で生成された各クラスの付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）に対応した正規化係数Ｓが正規化係数生成回路１３７で生成されて格納される。
【０２２９】
係数メモリ６８に上述したようにクラスコードＣＬが読み出しアドレス情報として供給されることで、この係数メモリ６８からクラスコードＣＬに対応した付加データＷｉが読み出されて推定予測演算回路１２７に供給される。また、バッファメモリ６７に記憶されているＳＤ信号（５２５ｉ信号）より、第１のタップ選択回路１２１で、予測タップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）が選択的に取り出される。この場合、第１のタップ選択回路１２１では、レジスタ１３１より供給される、予め選択された変換方法に対応したタップ位置情報に基づいて、タップの選択が行われる。この第１のタップ選択回路１２１で選択的に取り出される予測タップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）ｘｉは推定予測演算回路１２７に供給される。
【０２３０】
推定予測演算回路１２７では、予測タップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）ｘｉと、係数メモリ６８より読み出される付加データＷｉとから、作成すべきＨＤ信号の画素（注目画素）のデータ（ＨＤ画素データ）ｙが演算される（（４）式参照）。この場合、ＨＤ信号を構成する４画素のデータが同時的に生成される。
【０２３１】
これにより、５２５ｐ信号を出力する第１の変換方法が選択されているときは、奇数（ｏ）フィールド及び偶数（ｅ）フィールドで、５２５ｉ信号のラインと同一位置のラインデータＬ１と、５２５ｉ信号の上下のラインの中間位置のラインデータＬ２とが生成される（図２４参照）。また、１０５０ｉ信号を出力する第２の変換方法が選択されているときは、奇数（ｏ）フィールド及び偶数（ｅ）フィールドで、５２５ｉ信号のラインに近い位置のラインデータＬ１，Ｌ１′と、５２５ｉ信号のラインから遠い位置のラインデータＬ２，Ｌ２′とが生成される（図２５参照）。
【０２３２】
このように、推定予測演算回路１２７で生成されたラインデータＬ１，Ｌ２（Ｌ１′，Ｌ２′）は、正規化演算回路１２８に供給される。正規化係数メモリ１３８に上述したようにクラスコードＣＬが読み出しアドレス情報として供給されることで、この正規化係数メモリ１３８からクラスコードＣＬに対応した正規化係数Ｓ、つまり推定予測演算回路１２７より出力されるラインデータＬ１，Ｌ２（Ｌ１′，Ｌ２′）を構成する各ＨＤ画素データｙの生成に使用された付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）に対応した正規化係数Ｓが読み出されて推定予測演算回路１２７に供給される。正規化演算回路１２８では、推定予測演算回路１２７より出力されるラインデータＬ１，Ｌ２（Ｌ１′，Ｌ２′）を構成する各ＨＤ画素データｙがそれぞれ対応する正規化係数Ｓで除算されて正規化される。これにより、係数種データを用いて生成式（（５）式参照）で推定式（（４）式参照）の付加データを求める際の丸め誤差による注目点の情報データのレベル変動が除去される。
【０２３３】
このように正規化演算回路１２８で正規化されたラインデータＬ１，Ｌ２（Ｌ１′，Ｌ２′）は、線順次変換回路１２９に供給される。そして、この線順次変換回路１２９では、ラインデータＬ１，Ｌ２（Ｌ１′，Ｌ２′）が線順次化されてＨＤ信号が生成される。この場合、線順次変換回路１２９は、レジスタ１３０より供給される、予め選択された変換方法に対応した動作指示情報に従った動作をする。そのため、第１の変換方法（５２５ｐ）が選択されているときは、線順次変換回路１２９より５２５ｐ信号が出力される。一方、第２の変換方法（１０５０ｉ）が選択されているときは、線順次変換回路１２９より１０５０ｉ信号が出力される。
【０２３４】
上述したように、係数生成回路１３６で、情報メモリバンク１３５よりロードされる係数種データを用いて、クラス毎に、パラメータｈ，ｖの値に対応した推定式の付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）が生成され、これが係数メモリ６８に格納される。そして、この係数メモリ６８より、クラスコードＣＬに対応して読み出される付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）を用いて推定予測演算回路１２７でＨＤ画素データｙが演算される。したがって、パラメータｈ，ｖの値を調整することで、ＨＤ信号によって得られる画像の水平及び垂直の画質を調整することができる。なお、この場合、調整されたパラメータｈ，ｖの値に対応した各クラスの付加データをその都度係数生成回路１３６で生成して使用するものであり、大量の付加データを格納しておくメモリを必要としない。
【０２３５】
上述したように、情報メモリバンク１３５には、係数種データが、変換方法毎かつクラス毎に、記憶されている。この係数種データは、予め学習によって生成されたものである。
【０２３６】
まず、この生成方法の一例について説明する。（５）式の生成式における付加データである係数種データｗ10〜ｗn9を求める例を示すものとする。
【０２３７】
ここで、以下の説明のため、（７）式のように、ｔｉ（ｉ＝０〜９）を定義する。
【０２３８】
ｔ0＝１，ｔ1＝ｖ，ｔ2＝ｈ，ｔ3＝ｖ2，ｔ4＝ｖｈ，ｔ5＝ｈ2，ｔ6＝ｖ3，ｔ7＝ｖ2ｈ，ｔ8＝ｖｈ2，ｔ9＝ｈ3・・・（７）
この（７）式を用いると、（５）式は、（８）式のように書き換えられる。
【０２３９】
【数６】

【０２４０】
最終的に、学習によって未定係数ｗxyを求める。すなわち、変換方法毎かつクラス毎に、複数のＳＤ画素データとＨＤ画素データを用いて、二乗誤差を最小にする係数値を決定する。いわゆる最小二乗法による解法である。学習数をｍ、ｋ（１≦ｋ≦ｍ）番目の学習データにおける残差をｅk、二乗誤差の総和をＥとすると、（４）式及び（５）式を用いて、Ｅは（９）式で表される。ここで、ｘikはＳＤ画像のｉ番目の予測タップ位置におけるｋ番目の画素データ、ｙkはそれに対応するｋ番目のＨＤ画像の画素データを表している。
【０２４１】
【数７】

【０２４２】
最小二乗法による解法では、（９）式のｗxyによる偏微分が０になるようなｗxyを求める。これは、（１０）式で示される。
【０２４３】
【数８】

【０２４４】
以下、（１１）式、（１２）式のように、Ｘipjq、Ｙipを定義すると、（１０）式は、行列を用いて（１３）式のように書き換えられる。
【０２４５】
【数９】

【０２４６】
【数１０】

【０２４７】
この方程式は、一般に正規方程式と呼ばれている。この正規方程式は、掃き出し法（Gauss-Jordanの消去法）等を用いて、ｗxyについて解かれ、係数種データが算出される。
【０２４８】
図３７は、上述した係数種データの生成方法の概念を示している。ＨＤ信号から複数のＳＤ信号を生成する。例えば、ＨＤ信号からＳＤ信号を生成する際に使用するフィルタの水平帯域と垂直帯域を可変するパラメータｈ，ｖをそれぞれ９段階に可変して、合計８１種類のＳＤ信号を生成している。このようにして生成した複数のＳＤ信号とＨＤ信号との間で学習を行って係数種データを生成する。
【０２４９】
図３８は、上述した概念で係数種データを生成する係数種データ生成装置１５０の構成を示している。
【０２５０】
この係数種データ生成装置１５０は、教師信号としてのＨＤ信号（５２５ｐ信号／１０５０ｉ信号）が入力される入力端子１５１と、このＨＤ信号に対して水平及び垂直の間引き処理を行って、入力信号としてのＳＤ信号を得るＳＤ信号生成回路１５２とを有している。
【０２５１】
このＳＤ信号生成回路１５２には、変換方法選択信号が制御信号として供給される。第１の変換方法（図２３のプロセッシング部６６で５２５ｉ信号より５２５ｐ信号を得る）が選択される場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２では５２５ｐ信号に対して間引き処理が施されてＳＤ信号が生成される（図２４参照）。一方、第２の変換方法（図２３のプロセッシング部６６で５２５ｉ信号より１０５０ｉ信号を得る）が選択される場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２では１０５０ｉ信号に対して間引き処理が施されてＳＤ信号が生成される（図２５参照）。
【０２５２】
また、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２には、パラメータｈ，ｖが制御信号として供給される。このパラメータｈ，ｖに対応して、ＨＤ信号からＳＤ信号を生成する際に使用するフィルタの水平帯域と垂直帯域とが可変される。ここで、フィルタの詳細について、幾つかの例を示す。
【０２５３】
例えば、フィルタを、水平帯域を制限する帯域フィルタと垂直帯域を制限する帯域フィルタとから構成することが考えられる。この場合、図３９に示すように、パラメータｈ又はｖの段階的な値に対応した周波数特性を設計し、逆フーリエ変換をすることにより、パラメータｈ又はｖの段階的な値に対応した周波数特性を持つ１次元フィルタを得ることができる。
【０２５４】
また例えば、フィルタを、水平帯域を制限する１次元ガウシアンフィルタと垂直帯域を制限する１次元ガウシアンフィルタとから構成することが考えられる。この１次元ガウシアンフィルタは（１４）式で示される。この場合、パラメータｈ又はｖの段階的な値に対応して標準偏差σの値を段階的に変えることにより、パラメータｈ又はｖの段階的な値に対応した周波数特性を持つ１次元ガウシアンフィルタを得ることができる。
【０２５５】
【数１１】

【０２５６】
また、例えば、フィルタを、パラメータｈ，ｖの両方で水平及び垂直の周波数特性が決まる２次元フィルタＦ(ｈ，ｖ）で構成することが考えられる。この２次元フィルタの生成方法は、上述した１次元フィルタと同様に、パラメータｈ，ｖの段階的な値に対応した２次元周波数特性を設計し、２次元の逆フーリエ変換をすることにより、パラメータｈ，ｖの段階的な値に対応した２次元周波数特性を持つ２次元フィルタを得ることができる。
【０２５７】
また、係数種データ生成装置１５０は、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２より出力されるＳＤ信号（５２５ｉ信号）より、ＨＤ信号（１０５０ｉ信号又は５２５ｐ信号）に係る注目画素の周辺に位置する複数のＳＤ画素のデータを選択的に取り出して出力する第１〜第３のタップ選択回路１５３〜１５５を有している。
【０２５８】
これら第１〜第３のタップ選択回路１５３〜１５５は、上述したプロセッシング部６６の第１〜第３のタップ選択回路１２１〜１２３と同様に構成される。これら第１〜第３のタップ選択回路１５３〜１５５で選択されるタップは、タップ選択制御部１５６からのタップ位置情報によって指定される。
【０２５９】
タップ選択制御回路１５６には、変換方法選択信号が制御信号として供給される。第１の変換方法が選択される場合と第２の変換方法が選択される場合とで、第１〜第３のタップ選択回路１５３〜１５５に供給されるタップ位置情報が異なるようにされている。また、タップ選択制御回路１５６には後述する動きクラス検出回路１５８より出力される動きクラスのクラス情報ＭＶが供給される。これにより、第２のタップ選択回路１５４に供給されるタップ位置情報の動きが大きいか小さいかによって異なるようにされる。
【０２６０】
また、係数種データ生成装置１５０は、第２のタップ選択回路１５４で選択的に取り出される空間クラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）のレベル分布パターンを検出し、このレベル分布パターンに基づいて空間クラスを検出し、そのクラス情報を出力する空間クラス検出回路１５７を有している。この空間クラス検出回路１５７は、上述したプロセッシング部６６の空間クラス検出回路１２４と同様に構成される。この空間クラス検出回路１５７からは、空間クラスタップのデータとしての各ＳＤ画素データ毎の再量子化コードＱｉが空間クラスを示すクラス情報として出力される。
【０２６１】
また、係数種データ生成装置１５０は、第３のタップ選択回路１５５で選択的に取り出される動きクラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）より、主に動きの程度を表すための動きクラスを検出し、そのクラス情報ＭＶを出力する動きクラス検出回路１５８を有している。この動きクラス検出回路１５８は、上述したプロセッシング部６６の動きクラス検出回路１２５と同様に構成される。この動きクラス検出回路１５８では、第３のタップ選択回路１５５で選択的に取り出される動きクラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）からフレーム間差分が算出され、さらにその差分の絶対値の平均値に対して閾値処理が行われて動きの指標である動きクラスが検出される。
【０２６２】
また、係数種データ生成装置１５０は、空間クラス検出回路１５７より出力される空間クラスのクラス情報としての再量子化コードＱｉと、動きクラス検出回路１５８より出力される動きクラスのクラス情報ＭＶに基づき、ＨＤ信号（５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号）に係る注目画素が属するクラスを示すクラスコードＣＬを得るためのクラス合成回路１５９を有している。このクラス合成回路１５９も、上述したプロセッシング部６６のクラス合成回路１２６と同様に構成される。
【０２６３】
また、係数種データ生成装置１５０は、入力端子１５１に供給されるＨＤ信号より得られる注目画素データとしての各ＨＤ画素データｙと、この各ＨＤ画素データｙにそれぞれ対応して第１のタップ選択回路１５３で選択的に取り出される予測タップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）ｘｉと、各ＨＤ画素データｙにそれぞれ対応してクラス合成回路１５９より出力されるクラスコードＣＬとから、各クラス毎に、係数種データｗ10〜ｗn9を得るための正規方程式（（１３）式参照）を生成する正規方程式生成部１６０を有している。
【０２６４】
この場合、一個のＨＤ画素データｙとそれに対応するｎ個の予測タップ画素データとの組合せで学習データが生成されるが、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２へのパラメータｈ，ｖが順次変更されていって水平及び垂直の帯域が段階的に変化した複数のＳＤ信号が順次生成されていき、これにより正規方程式生成部１６０では多くの学習データが登録された正規方程式が生成される。
【０２６５】
ここで、ＨＤ信号と、そのＨＤ信号から帯域が狭いフィルタを作用させて生成したＳＤ信号との間で学習して算出した係数種データは、解像度の高いＨＤ信号を得るためのものとなる。逆に、ＨＤ信号と、そのＨＤ信号から帯域が広いフィルタを作用させて生成したＳＤ信号との間で学習して算出した係数種データは解像度の低いＨＤ信号を得るためのものとなる。上述したように複数のＳＤ信号を順次生成して学習データを登録することで、連続した解像度のＨＤ信号を得るための係数種データを求めることが可能となる。
【０２６６】
なお、第１のタップ選択回路１５３の前段に時間合わせ用の遅延回路を配置することで、この第１のタップ選択回路１５３から正規方程式生成部１６０に供給されるＳＤ画素データｘｉのタイミング合わせを行うことができる。
【０２６７】
また、係数種データ生成装置１５０は、正規方程式生成部１６０でクラス毎に生成された正規方程式のデータが供給され、クラス毎に正規方程式を解いて、各クラスの係数種データｗ10〜ｗn9を求める係数種データ決定部１６１と、この求められた係数種データｗ10〜ｗn9を記憶する係数種メモリ１６２とを有している。係数種データ決定部１６１では、正規方程式が例えば掃き出し法などによって解かれて、付加データｗ10〜ｗn9が求められる。
【０２６８】
図３８に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０の動作を説明する。入力端子１５１には教師信号としてのＨＤ信号（５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号）が供給され、そしてこのＨＤ信号に対してＳＤ信号生成回路１５２で水平及び垂直の間引き処理が行われて入力信号としてのＳＤ信号（５２５ｉ信号）が生成される。
【０２６９】
この場合、第１の変換方法（図２３のプロセッシング部６６で５２５ｉ信号より５２５ｐ信号を得る）が選択される場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２では５２５ｐ信号に対して間引き処理が施されてＳＤ信号が生成される。一方、第２の変換方法（図２３のプロセッシング部６６で５２５ｉ信号より１０５０ｉ信号を得る）が選択される場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２では１０５０ｉ信号に対して間引き処理が施されてＳＤ信号が生成される。またこの場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２にはパラメータｈ，ｖが制御信号として供給され、水平及び垂直の帯域が段階的に変化した複数のＳＤ信号が順次生成されていく。
【０２７０】
このＳＤ信号（５２５ｉ信号）より、第２のタップ選択回路１５４で、ＨＤ信号（５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号）に係る注目画素の周辺に位置する空間クラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）が選択的に取り出される。この第２のタップ選択回路１５４では、タップ選択制御回路１５６より供給される、選択された変換方法、及び動きクラス検出回路１５８で検出される動きクラスに対応したタップ位置情報に基づいて、タップの選択が行われる。
【０２７１】
この第２のタップ選択回路１５４で選択的に取り出される空間クラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）は空間クラス検出回路１５７に供給される。この空間クラス検出回路１５７では、空間クラスタップのデータとしての各ＳＤ画素データに対してＡＤＲＣ処理が施されて空間クラス（主に空間内の波形表現のためのクラス分類）のクラス情報としての再量子化コードＱｉが得られる（（１）式参照）。
【０２７２】
また、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２で生成されたＳＤ信号より、第３のタップ選択回路１５５で、ＨＤ信号に係る注目画素の周辺に位置する動きクラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）が選択的に取り出される。この場合、第３のタップ選択回路１５５では、タップ選択制御回路１５６より供給される、選択された変換方法に対応したタップ位置情報に基づいて、タップの選択が行われる。
【０２７３】
この第３のタップ選択回路１５５で選択的に取り出される動きクラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）は動きクラス検出回路１５８に供給される。この動きクラス検出回路１５８では、動きクラスタップのデータとしての各ＳＤ画素データより動きクラス（主に動きの程度を表すためのクラス分類）のクラス情報ＭＶが得られる。
【０２７４】
この動き情報ＭＶと上述した再量子化コードＱｉはクラス合成回路１５９に供給される。このクラス合成回路１５９では、これら動き情報ＭＶと再量子化コードＱｉとから、ＨＤ信号（５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号）に係る注目画素が属するクラスを示すクラスコードＣＬが得られる（（３）式参照）。
【０２７５】
また、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２で生成されるＳＤ信号より、第１のタップ選択回路１５３で、ＨＤ信号に係る注目画素の周辺に位置する予測タップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）が選択的に取り出される。この場合、第１のタップ選択回路１５３では、タップ選択制御回路１５６より供給される、選択された変換方法に対応したタップ位置情報に基づいて、タップの選択が行われる。
【０２７６】
そして、入力端子１５１に供給されるＨＤ信号より得られる注目画素データとしての各ＨＤ画素データｙと、この各ＨＤ画素データｙにそれぞれ対応して第１のタップ選択回路１５３で選択的に取り出される予測タップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）ｘｉと、各ＨＤ画素データｙにそれぞれ対応してクラス合成回路１５９より出力されるクラスコードＣＬとから、正規方程式生成部１６０では、各クラス毎に、係数種データｗ10〜ｗn9を生成するための正規方程式（（１３）式参照）が生成される。
【０２７７】
そして、係数種データ決定部１６１でその正規方程式が解かれ、各クラス毎の係数種データｗ10〜ｗn9が求められ、その係数種データｗ10〜ｗn9はクラス別にアドレス分割された係数種メモリ１６２に記憶される。
【０２７８】
このように、図３８に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０においては、図２３のプロセッシング部６６の情報メモリバンク１３５に記憶される各クラスの係数種データｗ10〜ｗn9を生成することができる。この場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２では、選択された変換方法によって５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号を使用してＳＤ信号（５２５ｉ信号）が生成されるものであり、第１の変換方法（プロセッシング部６６で５２５ｉ信号より５２５ｐ信号を得る）及び第２の変換方法（プロセッシング部６６で５２５ｉ信号より１０５０ｉ信号を得る）に対応した係数種データを生成できる。
【０２７９】
次に、係数種データの生成方法の他の例について説明する。この例においても、上述した（５）式の生成式における付加データである係数種データｗ10〜ｗn9を求める例を示すものとする。
【０２８０】
図４０は、この例の概念を示している。ＨＤ信号から複数のＳＤ信号を生成する。例えば、ＨＤ信号からＳＤ信号を生成する際に使用するフィルタの水平帯域と垂直帯域を可変するパラメータｈ，ｖをそれぞれ９段階に可変して、合計８１種類のＳＤ信号を生成する。このようにして生成した各ＳＤ信号とＨＤ信号との間で学習を行って、（４）式の推定式の付加データＷｉを生成する。そして、各ＳＤ信号に対応して生成された付加データＷｉを使用して係数種データを生成する。
【０２８１】
まず、推定式の付加データの求め方を説明する。ここでは、（４）式の推定式の付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）を最小二乗法により求める例を示すものとする。一般化した例として、Ｘを入力データ、Ｗを付加データ、Ｙを予測値として、（１５）式の観測方程式を考える。この（１５）式において、ｍは学習データの数を示し、ｎは予測タップの数を示している。
【０２８２】
【数１２】

【０２８３】
（１５）式の観測方程式により収集されたデータに最小二乗法を適用する。この（１５）式の観測方程式をもとに、（１６）式の残差方程式を考える。
【０２８４】
【数１３】

【０２８５】
（１６）式の残差方程式から、各Ｗiの最確値は、（１７）式のｅ2を最小にする条件が成り立つ場合と考えられる。すなわち、（１８）式の条件を考慮すればよいわけである。
【０２８６】
【数１４】

【０２８７】
つまり、（１８）式のｉに基づくｎ個の条件を考え、これを満たす、Ｗ1，Ｗ2，・・・，Ｗnを算出すればよい。そこで、（１６）式の残差方程式から、（１９）式が得られる。さらに、（１９）式と（１５）式とから、（２０）式が得られる。
【０２８８】
【数１５】

【０２８９】
そして、（１６）式と（２０）式とから、（２１）式の正規方程式が得られる。
【０２９０】
【数１６】

【０２９１】
（２１）式の正規方程式は、未知数の数ｎと同じ数の方程式を立てることが可能であるので、各Ｗiの最確値を求めることができる。この場合、掃き出し法等を用いて連立方程式を解くことになる。
【０２９２】
次に、各ＳＤ信号に対応して生成された付加データを使用して、係数種データの求め方を説明する。
【０２９３】
パラメータｈ，ｖに対応したＳＤ信号を用いた学習による、あるクラスの付加データが、ｋvhiとなったとする。ここで、ｉは予測タップの番号である。このｋvhiから、このクラスの係数種データを求める。
【０２９４】
各付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）は、係数種データｗ10〜ｗn9を使って、上述した（５）式で表現される。ここで、付加データＷｉに対して最小二乗法を使用することを考えると、残差は、（２２）式で表される。
【０２９５】
【数１７】

【０２９６】
ここで、ｔjは、上述の（７）式に示されている。（２２）式に最小二乗法を作用させると、（２３）式が得られる。
【０２９７】
【数１８】

【０２９８】
ここで、Ｘjk，Ｙjをそれぞれ（２４）式、（２５）式のように定義すると、（２３）式は（２６）式のように書き換えられる。この（２６）式も正規方程式であり、この式を掃き出し法等の一般解法で解くことにより、係数種データｗ10〜ｗn9を算出することができる。
【０２９９】
【数１９】

【０３００】
図４１は、図４０に示す概念に基づいて係数種データを生成する係数種データ生成装置１５０′の構成を示している。この図４１において、図４０と対応する部分には同一符号を付し、その詳細説明は省略する。
【０３０１】
係数種データ生成装置１５０′は、入力端子１５１に供給されるＨＤ信号より得られる注目画素データとしての各ＨＤ画素データｙと、この各ＨＤ画素データｙにそれぞれ対応して第１のタップ選択回路１５３で選択的に取り出される予測タップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）ｘｉと、各ＨＤ画素データｙにそれぞれ対応してクラス合成回路１５９より出力されるクラスコードＣＬとから、クラス毎に、付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）を得るための正規方程式（（２１）式参照）を生成する正規方程式生成部１７１を有している。
【０３０２】
この場合、一個のＨＤ画素データｙとそれに対応するｎ個の予測タップ画素データとの組合せで学習データが生成されるが、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２へのパラメータｈ，ｖが順次変更されていって水平及び垂直の帯域が段階的に変化した複数のＳＤ信号が順次生成されていき、ＨＤ信号と各ＳＤ信号との間でそれぞれ学習データの生成が行われる。これにより、正規方程式生成部１７１では、各ＳＤ信号のそれぞれが対応して、クラス毎に、付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）を得るための正規方程式が生成される。
【０３０３】
また、係数種データ生成装置１５０′は、正規方程式生成部１７１で生成された正規方程式のデータが供給され、その正規方程式を解いて、各ＳＤ信号にそれぞれ対応した各クラスの付加データＷｉを求める付加データ決定部１７２と、この各ＳＤ信号に対応した各クラスの付加データＷｉを使用して、クラス毎に、係数種データｗ10〜ｗn9を得るための正規方程式（（２６）式参照）を生成する正規方程式生成部１７３とを有している。
【０３０４】
また、係数種データ生成装置１５０′は、正規方程式生成部１７３でクラス毎に生成された正規方程式のデータが供給され、クラス毎に正規方程式を解いて、各クラスの係数種データｗ10〜ｗn9を求める係数種データ決定部１７４と、この求められた係数種データｗ10〜ｗn9を記憶する係数種メモリ１６２とを有している。
【０３０５】
図４１に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０′のその他は、図３８に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０と同様に構成される。
【０３０６】
図４１に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０′の動作を説明する。入力端子１５１には教師信号としてのＨＤ信号（５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号）が供給され、そしてこのＨＤ信号に対してＳＤ信号生成回路１５２で水平及び垂直の間引き処理が行われて入力信号としてのＳＤ信号（５２５ｉ信号）が生成される。
【０３０７】
この場合、第１の変換方法（図２３のプロセッシング部６６で５２５ｉ信号より５２５ｐ信号を得る）が選択される場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２では５２５ｐ信号に対して間引き処理が施されてＳＤ信号が生成される。一方、第２の変換方法（図２３のプロセッシング部６６で５２５ｉ信号より１０５０ｉ信号を得る）が選択される場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２では１０５０ｉ信号に対して間引き処理が施されてＳＤ信号が生成される。またこの場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２にはパラメータｈ，ｖが制御信号として供給され、水平及び垂直の帯域が段階的に変化した複数のＳＤ信号が順次生成されていく。
【０３０８】
このＳＤ信号（５２５ｉ信号）より、第２のタップ選択回路１５４で、ＨＤ信号（５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号）に係る注目画素の周辺に位置する空間クラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）が選択的に取り出される。この第２のタップ選択回路１５４では、タップ選択制御回路１５６より供給される、選択された変換方法、及び動きクラス検出回路１５８で検出される動きクラスに対応したタップ位置情報に基づいて、タップの選択が行われる。
【０３０９】
この第２のタップ選択回路１５４で選択的に取り出される空間クラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）は空間クラス検出回路１５７に供給される。この空間クラス検出回路１５７では、空間クラスタップのデータとしての各ＳＤ画素データに対してＡＤＲＣ処理が施されて空間クラス（主に空間内の波形表現のためのクラス分類）のクラス情報としての再量子化コードＱｉが得られる（（１）式参照）。
【０３１０】
また、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２で生成されたＳＤ信号より、第３のタップ選択回路１５５で、ＨＤ信号に係る注目画素の周辺に位置する動きクラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）が選択的に取り出される。この場合、第３のタップ選択回路１５５では、タップ選択制御回路１５６より供給される、選択された変換方法に対応したタップ位置情報に基づいて、タップの選択が行われる。
【０３１１】
この第３のタップ選択回路１５５で選択的に取り出される動きクラスタップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）は動きクラス検出回路１５８に供給される。この動きクラス検出回路１５８では、動きクラスタップのデータとしての各ＳＤ画素データより動きクラス（主に動きの程度を表すためのクラス分類）のクラス情報ＭＶが得られる。
【０３１２】
この動き情報ＭＶと上述した再量子化コードＱｉはクラス合成回路１５９に供給される。このクラス合成回路１５９では、これら動き情報ＭＶと再量子化コードＱｉとから、ＨＤ信号（５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号）に係る注目画素が属するクラスを示すクラスコードＣＬが得られる（（３）式参照）。
【０３１３】
また、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２で生成されるＳＤ信号より、第１のタップ選択回路１５３で、ＨＤ信号に係る注目画素の周辺に位置する予測タップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）が選択的に取り出される。この場合、第１のタップ選択回路１５３では、タップ選択制御回路１５６より供給される、選択された変換方法に対応したタップ位置情報に基づいて、タップの選択が行われる。
【０３１４】
そして、入力端子１５１に供給されるＨＤ信号より得られる注目画素データとしての各ＨＤ画素データｙと、この各ＨＤ画素データｙにそれぞれ対応して第１のタップ選択回路１５３で選択的に取り出される予測タップのデータ（ＳＤ画素データ）ｘｉと、各ＨＤ画素データｙにそれぞれ対応してクラス合成回路１５９より出力されるクラスコードＣＬとから、正規方程式生成部１７１では、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２で生成される各ＳＤ信号のそれぞれが対応して、クラス毎に、付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）を得るための正規方程式（（２１）式参照）が生成される。
【０３１５】
そして、付加データ決定部１７２でその正規方程式が解かれ、各ＳＤ信号にそれぞれ対応した各クラスの付加データＷｉが求められる。正規方程式生成部１７３では、この各ＳＤ信号にそれぞれ対応した各クラスの付加データＷｉから、クラス毎に、係数種データｗ10〜ｗn9を得るための正規方程式（（２６）式参照）が生成される。
【０３１６】
そして、係数種データ決定部１７４でその正規方程式が解かれ、各クラスの係数種データｗ10〜ｗn9が求められ、その係数種データｗ10〜ｗn9はクラス別にアドレス分割された係数種メモリ１６２に記憶される。
【０３１７】
このように、図４１に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０′においても、図２３のプロセッシング部６６の情報メモリバンク１３５に記憶される各クラスの係数種データｗ10〜ｗn9を生成することができる。この場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２では、選択された変換方法によって５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号を使用してＳＤ信号（５２５ｉ信号）が生成されるものであり、第１の変換方法（プロセッシング部６６で５２５ｉ信号より５２５ｐ信号を得る）及び第２の変換方法（プロセッシング部６６で５２５ｉ信号より１０５０ｉ信号を得る）に対応した係数種データを生成できる。
【０３１８】
なお、図２３のプロセッシング部６６では、付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）を生成するために（５）式の生成式を使用したが、例えば、（２７）式、（２８）式などを使用してもよく、さらに次数の異なった多項式や、他の関数で表現される式でも実現可能である。
【０３１９】
【数２０】

【０３２０】
また、図２３のプロセッシング部６６では、水平解像度を指定するパラメータｈと垂直解像度を指定するパラメータｖとを設定し、これらパラメータｈ，ｖの値を調整することで画像の水平及び垂直の解像度を調整し得るものを示したが、例えばノイズ除去度（ノイズ低減度）を指定するパラメータｚを設け、このパラメータｚの値を調整することで画像のノイズ除去度を調整し得るものも同様に構成することができる。
【０３２１】
この場合、付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）を生成する生成式として、例えば、（２９）式、（３０）式などを使用でき、さらに次数の異なった多項式や、他の関数で表現される式でも実現可能である。
【０３２２】
【数２１】

【０３２３】
なお、上述したようにパラメータｚを含む生成式の付加データである係数種データは、上述したパラメータｈ，ｖを含む生成式の付加データである係数種データを生成する場合と同様に、図３８に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０あるいは図４１に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０′により生成できる。
【０３２４】
その場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２には、パラメータｚが制御信号として供給され、このパラメータｚの値に対応して、ＨＤ信号からＳＤ信号を生成する際に、ＳＤ信号に対するノイズ付加状態が段階的に可変される。このようにＳＤ信号に対するノイズ付加状態を段階的に可変させて学習データを登録することで、連続したノイズ除去度を得るための係数種データを生成することができる。
【０３２５】
ここで、パラメータｚの値に対応したノイズ付加方法の詳細について、幾つかの例を示す。
【０３２６】
例えば、図４２中の（Ａ）に示すように、ＳＤ信号に振幅レベルを段階的に変化させたノイズ信号を加えて、段階的にノイズレベルが変化するＳＤ信号を生成する。
【０３２７】
また例えば、図４２中の（Ｂ）に示すように、ＳＤ信号に一定振幅レベルのノイズ信号を加えるが、加える画面領域を段階的に可変する。
【０３２８】
さらに例えば、図４２中の（Ｃ）に示すように、ＳＤ信号（１画面分）として、ノイズが含まれていないものと、ノイズが含まれているものとを用意する。そして、正規方程式を生成する際に、それぞれのＳＤ信号に対して複数回の学習を行う。
【０３２９】
例えば、「ノイズ０」ではノイズなしのＳＤ信号に対して１００回の学習を行い、「ノイズｉ」ではノイズなしのＳＤ信号に対して３０回の学習を行うと共にノイズありのＳＤ信号に対して７０回の学習を行う。この場合、「ノイズｉ」の方がノイズ除去度が高い係数種データを算出する学習系になる。このように、ノイズなしとノイズありのＳＤ信号に対する学習回数を段階的に変化させて学習を行うことにより、連続したノイズ除去度を得るための係数種データを得ることができる。
【０３３０】
この手法を、正規方程式の加算という形で実現することもできる。まず、「ノイズ０」〜「ノイズｉ」における推定式の付加データを算出するような学習を行う。このときの正規方程式は、上述した（２１）式に示すようになる。ここで、Ｐij，Ｑjをそれぞれ（３１）式、（３２）式のように定義すると、（２１）式は（３３）式のように書き換えられる。ここで、ｘijはｊ番目の予測タップ位置のＳＤ画素データのｉ番目の学習値、ｙiはＨＤ画素データのｉ番目の学習値、Ｗiは係数を表している。
【０３３１】
【数２２】

【０３３２】
このような学習を用いて、ノイズなしのＳＤ信号を学習した場合における、（３３）式の左辺を〔Ｐ１ij〕、右辺を〔Ｑ１i〕と定義し、同様に、ノイズありのＳＤ信号を学習した場合における、（３３）式の左辺を〔Ｐ２ij〕、右辺を〔Ｑ２i〕と定義する。このような場合に、（３４）式、（３５）式のように、〔Ｐaij〕、〔Ｑai〕を定義する。ただし、ａ（０≦ａ≦１）である。
【０３３３】
〔Ｐaij〕＝（１−ａ）〔Ｐ１ij〕＋ａ〔Ｐ２ij〕 ・・・（３４）
〔Ｑai〕＝（１−ａ）〔Ｑ１i〕 ＋ａ〔Ｑ２i〕 ・・・（３５）
ここで、ａ＝０の場合の正規方程式は（３６）式で表され、これは図４２中のＣの「ノイズ０」の場合の正規方程式と等価になり、ａ＝０．７の場合は「ノイズｉ」の場合の正規方程式と等価になる。
【０３３４】
〔Ｐaij〕〔Ｗi〕＝〔Ｑai〕 ・・・（３６）
このａを段階的に変化させて各ノイズレベルの正規方程式を作ることにより、目的とする係数種データを得ることができる。この場合、図４１の係数種データ生成装置１５０´で説明したと同様に、各ノイズレベルの正規方程式よりそれぞれ付加データＷｉを算出し、この各段階の付加データを使用して係数種データを求めることができる。
【０３３５】
また、各ノイズレベルの正規方程式を組み合わせることにより、上述した（１３）式のような係数種データを得るための正規方程式を生成することも可能である。この手法については、以下に具体的に説明する。ここでは、上述した（３０）式を用いて、係数種データを求める正規方程式を生成する場合を考える。
【０３３６】
予め、予め何種類かのパラメータｚに対応したノイズレベルのＳＤ信号を生成して学習を行い、上述した（３４）式、（３５）式に表される〔Ｐ〕、〔Ｑ〕を用意しておく。それらを、〔Ｐnij〕、〔Ｑni〕と表す。また、また、上述した（７）式は、（３７）式のように書き換えられる。
【０３３７】
ｔ0＝１，ｔ1＝ｚ，ｔ2＝ｚ2 ・・・（３７）
この場合、上述した（２４）式、（２５）式は、それぞれ（３８）式、（３９）式のように書き換えられる。これらの式に対し、（４０）式を解くことで、係数種データｗijを求めることができる。ここで、予測タップの総数を表す変数はｍに書き換えている。
【０３３８】
【数２３】

【０３３９】
また、図２３のプロセッシング部６６では、水平解像度を指定するパラメータｈと垂直解像度を指定するパラメータｖとを設定し、これらパラメータｈ，ｖの値を調整することで画像の水平及び垂直の解像度を調整し得るものを示したが、水平及び垂直の解像度を１個のパラメータで調整するように構成することもできる。例えば、水平及び垂直の解像度を指定する１個のパラメータｒを設定する。この場合、例えば、ｒ＝１はｈ＝１、ｖ＝１、ｒ＝２はｈ＝２、ｖ＝２、・・・、あるいはｒ＝１はｈ＝１、ｖ＝２、ｒ＝２はｈ＝２、ｖ＝３、・・・のような対応関係とされる。この場合、付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）を生成する生成式としては、ｒの多項式等が使用されることとなる。
【０３４０】
また、図２３のプロセッシング部６６では、水平解像度を指定するパラメータｈと垂直解像度を指定するパラメータｖとを設定し、これら複数種類のパラメータｈ，ｖの値を調整することで画像の水平及び垂直の解像度を調整し得るものを示したが、上述した水平及び垂直の解像度を指定するパラメータｒと、上述ノイズ除去度（ノイズ低減度）を指定するパラメータｚとを設定し、これら複数種類のパラメータｒ，ｚの値を調整することで、画像の水平及び垂直の解像度とノイズ除去度とを調整し得るものも同様に構成することができる。
【０３４１】
この場合、付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）を生成する生成式として、例えば、（４１）式等を使用でき、さらに次数の異なった多項式や、他の関数で表現される式でも実現可能である。
【０３４２】
【数２４】

【０３４３】
パラメータｒ，ｚを含む生成式の付加データである係数種データは、上述したパラメータｈ，ｖを含む生成式の付加データである係数種データを生成する場合と同様に、図３８に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０あるいは図４１に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０′により生成できる。
【０３４４】
その場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２には、パラメータｒ，ｚが制御信号として供給され、このパラメータｒ，ｚの値に対応して、ＨＤ信号からＳＤ信号を生成する際に、ＳＤ信号の水平、垂直の帯域と、ＳＤ信号に対するノイズ付加状態とが段階的に可変される。
【０３４５】
図４３は、パラメータｒ，ｚの値に対応したＳＤ信号の生成例を示している。この例では、パラメータｒ，ｚはそれぞれ９段階に可変され、合計８１種類のＳＤ信号が生成される。なお、パラメータｒ，ｚを９段階よりもさらに多くの段階に可変するようにしてもよい。その場合には、算出される係数種データの精度は良くなるが、計算量は増えることとなる。
【０３４６】
また、図２３のプロセッシング部６６では、水平解像度を指定するパラメータｈと垂直解像度を指定するパラメータｖとを設定し、これら複数種類のパラメータｈ，ｖの値を調整することで画像の水平及び垂直の解像度を調整し得るものを示したが、これらパラメータｈ，ｖの他に、さらに上述したノイズ除去度（ノイズ低減度）を指定するパラメータｚを設定し、これら複数種類のパラメータｈ，ｖ，ｚの値を調整することで、画像の水平及び垂直の解像度とノイズ除去度とを調整し得るものも同様に構成することができる。
【０３４７】
この場合、付加データＷｉ（ｉ＝１〜ｎ）を生成する生成式として、例えば、（４２）式等を使用でき、さらに次数の異なった多項式や、他の関数で表現される式でも実現可能である。
【０３４８】
【数２５】

【０３４９】
パラメータｈ，ｖ，ｚを含む生成式の付加データである係数種データは、上述したパラメータｈ，ｖを含む生成式の付加データである係数種データを生成する場合と同様に、図３８に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０あるいは図４１に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０′により生成できる。
【０３５０】
その場合、ＳＤ信号生成回路１５２には、パラメータｈ，ｖ，ｚが制御信号として供給され、このパラメータｈ，ｖ，ｚの値に対応して、ＨＤ信号からＳＤ信号を生成する際に、ＳＤ信号の水平、垂直の帯域と、ＳＤ信号に対するノイズ付加状態とが段階的に可変される。
【０３５１】
図４４は、パラメータｈ，ｖ，ｚの値に対応したＳＤ信号の生成例を示している。この例では、パラメータｈ，ｖ，ｚはそれぞれ９段階に可変され、合計７２９種類のＳＤ信号が生成される。なお、パラメータｈ，ｖ，ｚを９段階よりもさらに多くの段階に可変するようにしてもよい。その場合には、算出される係数種データの精度は良くなるが、計算量は増えることとなる。
【０３５２】
なお、図２３のプロセッシング部６６における処理を、例えば図４５に示すような映像信号処理装置３００によって、ソフトウェアで実現することも可能である。
【０３５３】
まず、図４５に示す映像信号処理装置３００について説明する。この映像信号処理装置３００は、装置全体の動作を制御するＣＰＵ３０１と、このＣＰＵ３０１の動作プログラムや係数種データ等が格納されたＲＯＭ（read only memory）３０２と、ＣＰＵ３０１の作業領域を構成するＲＡＭ（random access memory）３０３とを有している。これらＣＰＵ３０１、ＲＯＭ３０２及びＲＡＭ３０３は、それぞれバス３０４に接続されている。
【０３５４】
また、映像信号処理装置３００は、外部記憶装置としてのハードディスクドライブ（ＨＤＤ）３０５と、フレキシブルディスク３０６をドライブするフレキシブルディスクドライブ（ＦＤＤ）３０７とを有している。これらドライブ３０５，３０７は、それぞれバス３０４に接続されている。
【０３５５】
また、映像信号処理装置３００は、インターネット等の通信網４００に有線又は無線で接続する通信部３０８を有している。この通信部３０８は、インタフェース３０９を介してバス３０４に接続されている。
【０３５６】
また、映像信号処理装置３００は、ＳＤ信号を入力するための入力端子３１４と、ＨＤ信号を出力するための出力端子３１５とを有している。入力端子３１４はインタフェース３１６を介してバス３０４に接続され、同様に出力端子３１５はインタフェース３１７を介してバス３０４に接続される。
【０３５７】
ここで、上述したようにＲＯＭ３０２に処理プログラムや係数種データ等を予め格納しておく代わりに、例えばインターネットなどの通信網４００より通信部３０８を介してダウンロードし、ハードディスクやＲＡＭ３０３に蓄積して使用することもできる。また、これら処理プログラムや係数種データ等をフレキシブルディスク３０６で提供するようにしてもよい。
【０３５８】
また、処理すべきＳＤ信号を入力端子３１４より入力する代わりに、予めハードディスクに記録しておき、あるいはインターネットなどの通信網４００より通信部３０８を介してダウンロードしてもよい。また、処理後のＨＤ信号を出力端子３１５に出力する代わり、あるいはそれと並行してディスプレイ３１１に供給して画像表示をしたり、さらにはハードディスクに格納したり、通信部３０８を介してインターネットなどの通信網４００に送出するようにしてもよい。
【０３５９】
図４６のフローチャートを参照して、図４５に示す映像信号処理装置３００における、ＳＤ信号よりＨＤ信号を得るため処理手順を説明する。
【０３６０】
まず、ステップＳＴ１で、処理を開始し、ステップＳＴ２で、ＳＤ画素データをフレーム単位又はフィールド単位で入力する。このＳＤ画素データが入力端子３１４より入力される場合には、このＳＤ画素データをＲＡＭ３０３に一時的に格納する。また、このＳＤ画素データがハードディスクに記録されている場合には、ハードディスクドライブ３０７でこのＳＤ画素データを読み出し、ＲＡＭ３０３に一時的に格納する。そして、ステップＳＴ３で、入力ＳＤ画素データの全フレーム又は全フィールドの処理が終わっているか否かを判定する。処理が終わっているときは、ステップＳＴ４で、処理を終了する。一方、処理が終わっていないときは、ステップＳＴ５に進む。
【０３６１】
このステップＳＴ５では、画質指定値（例えばパラメータｈ，ｖの値など）を例えばＲＡＭ３０３より読み込む。そして、ステップＳＴ６で、読み込んだ画質指定値及び各クラスの係数種データを使用して、生成式（例えば（５）式）によって、各クラスの推定式（（４）式参照）の付加データＷｉを生成する。
【０３６２】
次に、ステップＳＴ７で、ステップＳＴ２で入力されたＳＤ画素データより、生成すべき各ＨＤ画素データに対応して、クラスタップ及び予測タップの画素データを取得する。そして、ステップＳＴ８で、入力されたＳＤ画素データの全領域においてＨＤ画素データを得る処理が終了したか否かを判定する。終了しているときは、ステップＳＴ２に戻り、次のフレーム又はフィールドのＳＤ画素データの入力処理に移る。一方、処理が終了していないときは、ステップＳＴ９に進む。
【０３６３】
このステップＳＴ９では、ステップＳＴ７で取得されたクラスタップのＳＤ画素データからクラスコードＣＬを生成する。そして、ステップＳＴ１０で、そのクラスコードＣＬに対応した付加データと予測タップのＳＤ画素データを使用して、推定式により、ＨＤ画素データを生成し、その後にステップＳＴ７に戻って、上述したと同様の処理を繰り返す。
【０３６４】
このように、図４６に示すフローチャートに沿って処理をすることで、入力されたＳＤ信号を構成するＳＤ画素データを処理して、ＨＤ信号を構成するＨＤ画素データを得ることができる。上述したように、このように処理して得られたＨＤ信号は出力端子３１５に出力されたり、ディスプレイ３１１に供給されてそれによる画像が表示されたり、さらにはハードディスクドライブ３０５に供給されてハードディスクに記録されたりする。
【０３６５】
また、処理装置の図示は省略するが、図３８の係数種データ生成装置１５０における処理を、ソフトウェアで実現することも可能である。
【０３６６】
図４７のフローチャートを参照して、係数種データを生成するための処理手順を説明する。
【０３６７】
まず、ステップＳＴ２１で、処理を開始し、ステップＳＴ２２で、学習に使われる、画質パターン（例えば、パラメータｈ，ｖで特定される）を選択する。そして、ステップＳＴ２３で、全ての画質パターンに対して学習が終わったか否かを判定する。全ての画質選択パターンに対して学習が終わっていないときは、ステップＳＴ２４に進む。
【０３６８】
このステップＳＴ２４では、既知のＨＤ画素データをフレーム単位又はフィールド単位で入力する。そして、ステップＳＴ２５で、全てのＨＤ画素データについて処理が終了したか否かを判定する。終了したときは、ステップＳＴ２２に戻って、次の画質パターンを選択して、上述したと同様の処理を繰り返す。一方、終了していないときは、ステップＳＴ２６に進む。
【０３６９】
このステップＳＴ２６では、ステップＳＴ２４で入力されたＨＤ画素データより、ステップＳＴ２２で選択された画質パターンに基づいて、ＳＤ画素データを生成する。そして、ステップＳＴ２７で、ステップＳＴ２６で生成されたＳＤ画素データより、ステップＳＴ２４で入力された各ＨＤ画素データに対応して、クラスタップ及び予測タップの画素データを取得する。そして、ステップＳＴ２８で、生成されたＳＤ画素データの全領域において学習処理を終了しているか否かを判定する。学習処理を終了しているときは、ステップＳＴ２４に戻って、次のＨＤ画素データの入力を行って、上述したと同様の処理を繰り返し、一方、学習処理を終了していないときは、ステップＳＴ２９に進む。
【０３７０】
このステップＳＴ２９では、ステップＳＴ２７で取得されたクラスタップのＳＤ画素データからクラスコードＣＬを生成する。そして、ステップＳＴ３０で、正規方程式（（１３）式参照）を生成する。その後に、ステップＳＴ２７に戻る。
【０３７１】
また、ステップＳＴ２３で、全ての画質パターンに対して学習が終わったときは、ステップＳＴ３１に進む。このステップＳＴ３１では、正規方程式を掃き出し法等で解くことによって各クラスの係数種データを算出し、ステップＳＴ３２で、その係数種データをメモリに保存し、その後にステップＳＴ３３で、処理を終了する。
【０３７２】
このように、図４７に示すフローチャートに沿って処理をすることで、図３８に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０と同様の手法によって、各クラスの係数種データを得ることができる。
【０３７３】
また、処理装置の図示は省略するが、図４１の係数種データ生成装置１５０′における処理も、ソフトウェアで実現可能である。
【０３７４】
図４８のフローチャートを参照して、係数種データを生成するための処理手順を説明する。
【０３７５】
まず、ステップＳＴ４１で、処理を開始し、ステップＳＴ４２で、学習に使われる、画質パターン（例えば、パラメータｈ，ｖで特定される）を選択する。そして、ステップＳＴ４３で、全ての画質パターンに対する付加データの算出処理が終了したか否かを判定する。終了していないときは、ステップＳＴ４４に進む。
【０３７６】
このステップＳＴ４４では、既知のＨＤ画素データをフレーム単位又はフィールド単位で入力する。そして、ステップＳＴ４５で、全てのＨＤ画素データについて処理が終了したか否かを判定する。終了していないときは、ステップＳＴ４６で、ステップＳＴ４４で入力されたＨＤ画素データより、ステップＳＴ４２で選択された画質パターンに基づいて、ＳＤ画素データを生成する。
【０３７７】
そして、ステップＳＴ４７で、ステップＳＴ４６で生成されたＳＤ画素データより、ステップＳＴ４４で入力された各ＨＤ画素データに対応して、クラスタップ及び予測タップの画素データを取得する。そして、ステップＳＴ４８で、生成されたＳＤ画素データの全領域において学習処理を終了しているか否かを判定する。学習処理を終了しているときは、ステップＳＴ４４に戻って、次のＨＤ画素データの入力を行って、上述したと同様の処理を繰り返し、一方、学習処理を終了していないときは、ステップＳＴ４９に進む。
【０３７８】
このステップＳＴ４９では、ステップＳＴ４７で取得されたクラスタップのＳＤ画素データからクラスコードＣＬを生成する。そして、ステップＳＴ５０で、付加データを得るための正規方程式（（２１）式参照）を生成する。その後に、ステップＳＴ４７に戻る。
【０３７９】
上述したステップＳＴ４５で、全てのＨＤ画素データについて処理が終了したときは、ステップＳＴ５１で、ステップＳＴ５０で生成された正規方程式を掃き出し法などで解いて、各クラスの付加データを算出する。その後に、ステップＳＴ４２に戻って、次の画質パターンを選択して、上述したと同様の処理を繰り返し、次の画質パターンに対応した、各クラスの付加データを求める。
【０３８０】
また、上述のステップＳＴ４３で、全ての画質パターンに対する付加データの算出処理が終了したときは、ステップＳＴ５２に進む。このステップＳＴ５２では、全ての画質パターンに対する付加データから、係数種データを求めるための正規方程式（（２６）式参照）を生成する。
【０３８１】
そして、ステップＳＴ５３で、ステップＳＴ５２で生成された正規方程式を掃き出し法等で解くことによって各クラスの係数種データを算出し、ステップＳＴ５４で、その係数種データをメモリに保存し、その後にステップＳＴ５５で、処理を終了する。
【０３８２】
このように、図４８に示すフローチャートに沿って処理をすることで、図４１に示す係数種データ生成装置１５０′と同様の手法によって、各クラスの係数種データを得ることができる。
【０３８３】
なお、上述の例においては、ＨＤ信号を生成する際の推定式として線形一次方程式を使用したものを挙げたが、これに限定されるものではなく、例えば推定式として高次方程式を使用するものであってもよい。
【０３８４】
また、上述実施の形態においては、ＳＤ信号（５２５ｉ信号）をＨＤ信号（５２５ｐ信号又は１０５０ｉ信号）に変換する例を示したが、本発明はそれに限定されるものでなく、推定式を使用して第１の映像信号を第２の映像信号に変換するその他の場合にも同様に適用できることは勿論である。
【０３８５】
また、上述の例においては、情報信号が映像信号である場合を示したが、この発明はこれに限定されない。例えば、情報信号が音声信号である場合にも、この発明を同様に適用することができる。
【０３８６】
上述のように、この「クラス分類適応処理」によれば、第１の情報信号を第２の情報信号に変換する際に使用される推定式の付加データを係数種データを用いて生成するものであり、第２の情報信号によって得られる出力の質、例えば画像の画質を無段階になめらかに調整することができる。この場合、出力の質を決めるパラメータに対応した各クラスの付加データをその都度係数種データを使用して生成できるため、大量の付加データを格納しておくメモリを必要とせず、メモリの節約を図ることができる。
【０３８７】
また、「クラス分類適応処理」によれば、係数種データを用いて生成された推定式の付加データの総和を求め、推定式を用いて生成された注目点の情報データをその総和で除算して正規化するものであり、係数種データを用いて生成式で推定式の付加データを求める際の丸め誤差による注目点の情報データのレベル変動を除去できる。
【０３８８】
〔本発明を適用したビジネスモデルについて〕
本発明を適用したビジネスモデルについて、図４９に示すように、コンテンツ提供装置５１０、ディスク作成装置５２０及び複製装置５３０との関係において考える。コンテンツ提供装置５１０は、記録媒体に記録される情報を提供するものである。ディスク作成装置５２０は、情報の記録されていないディスク状記録媒体を作成するものである。複製装置５３０は、情報の記録されていないディスク状記録媒体に、コンテンツ提供装置５１０から提供される情報を記録するものである。ここで、これらコンテンツ提供装置５１０、ディスク作成装置５２０及び複製装置５３０は、それぞれが異なる主体（コンテンツ提供者、ディスク作成者及び複製者）によって所有され運用されているものとする。
【０３８９】
図５０に示すように、ディスク作成装置（ディスク作成者）５２０は、ディスク状記録媒体を作成し、複製装置（複製者）５３０に対して、ディスク状記録媒体を提供する。ここで、複製装置（複製者）５３０に課金され、ディスク作成装置（ディスク作成者）５２０が徴収する。この課金には、ディスク状記録媒体の作成代金と、後のコンテンツ複製料が含まれている。
【０３９０】
そして、コンテンツ提供装置（コンテンツ提供者）５１０から複製装置（複製者）５３０に対して情報（コンテンツ）が提供され、情報の複製が行われる。ここで複製されるディスク状記録媒体は、基本情報及び付加情報が、上述したような本発明の内容にしたがって記録されたものである。ここで、ディスク作成装置（ディスク作成者）５２０に課金され、コンテンツ提供装置（コンテンツ提供者）５１０が徴収する。この課金には、コンテンツ複製料が含まれている。
【０３９１】
これにより、複製装置（複製者）５３０は、ディスク作成装置（ディスク作成者）５２０に対する料金を支払うのみであるが、ディスク作成装置（ディスク作成者）５２０のみならず、コンテンツ提供装置（コンテンツ提供者）５１０に対する支払も確保される。
【０３９２】
【発明の効果】
上述のように、本発明に係る記録媒体、再生装置及び方法においては、再生情報は、基本情報に対して高品質な情報となっているため、基本情報よりも情報量が多く、このままの状態で記録媒体に記録しようとすると、大量の記録媒体が必要となる。
【０３９３】
また、本発明に係る記録媒体製造装置及び方法において記録された情報を再生した再生情報は、基本情報に対して高品質な情報となっているため、基本情報よりも情報量が多く、このままの状態で記録媒体に記録しようとすると、大量の記録媒体が必要となる。
【０３９４】
すなわち、本発明は、記録されたデータの複写が困難となされた記録媒体、再生装置及び方法、記録媒体製造装置及び方法を提供することができるものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明における記録媒体の構成を示す斜視図である。
【図２】上記記録媒体について複製を行う場合のフローチャートである。
【図３】上記記録媒体のデータをダウンロードする場合の構成を示す斜視図である。
【図４】上記記録媒体についてデータをダウンロードする場合のフローチャートである。
【図５】本発明におけるディスク状記録媒体のピットの構成を示す側面図である。
【図６】本発明におけるディスク状記録媒体であって２層の記録層を有するもの及び光学ピックアップ装置の構成を示す側面図である。
【図７】上記ディスク状記録媒体における付加データを示す側面図である。
【図８】本発明におけるディスク状記録媒体のピット及び光吸収層の構成を示す縦断面図である。
【図９】本発明におけるディスク状記録媒体の光磁気層及び光吸収層の構成を示す縦断面図である。
【図１０】本発明におけるディスク状記録媒体のピット及び光磁気層の構成を示す平面図である。
【図１１】本発明におけるディスク状記録媒体のピット及び光磁気層の構成の他の例を示す平面図である。
【図１２】上記ディスク状記録媒体において基本データと付加データとが所定の相対アドレスを隔てている場合を示す平面図である。
【図１３】本発明における再生装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図１４】上記再生装置における光学ピックアップ装置の構成を示す側面図である。
【図１５】上記光学ピックアップ装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図１６】上記光学ピックアップ装置における光磁気信号検出部の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図１７】本発明におけるディスク状記録媒体製造装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図１８】上記ディスク状記録媒体製造装置の要部の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図１９】本発明における記録装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図２０】上記半導体装置の第１の実施の形態における構成を示すブロック図である。
【図２１】上記半導体装置の要部の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図２２】上記半導体装置の第２の実施の形態における構成を示すブロック図である。
【図２３】クラス分類適応処理を行う再生装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図２４】５２５ｉ信号と５２５ｐ信号の画素位置関係を説明するための図である。
【図２５】５２５ｉ信号と１０５０ｉ信号の画素位置関係を説明するための図である。
【図２６】５２５ｉと５２５ｐの画素位置関係と、予測タップの一例を示す図である。
【図２７】５２５ｉと５２５ｐの画素位置関係と、予測タップの一例を示す図である。
【図２８】５２５ｉと１０５０ｉの画素位置関係と、予測タップの一例を示す図である。
【図２９】５２５ｉと１０５０ｉの画素位置関係と、予測タップの一例を示す図である。
【図３０】５２５ｉと５２５ｐの画素位置関係と、空間クラスタップの一例を示す図である。
【図３１】５２５ｉと５２５ｐの画素位置関係と、空間クラスタップの一例を示す図である。
【図３２】５２５ｉと１０５０ｉの画素位置関係と、空間クラスタップの一例を示す図である。
【図３３】５２５ｉと１０５０ｉの画素位置関係と、空間クラスタップの一例を示す図である。
【図３４】５２５ｉと５２５ｐの画素位置関係と、動きクラスタップの一例を示す図である。
【図３５】５２５ｉと１０５０ｉの画素位置関係と、動きクラスタップの一例を示す図である。
【図３６】５２５ｐ信号を出力する場合のライン倍速処理を説明するための図である。
【図３７】係数種データの生成方法の一例の概念を示す図である。
【図３８】係数種データ生成装置の構成例を示すブロック図である。
【図３９】帯域フィルタの周波数特性の一例を示す図である。
【図４０】係数種データの生成方法の他の例の概念を示す図である。
【図４１】係数種データ生成装置の他の構成例を示すブロック図である。
【図４２】ノイズ付加方法を説明するための図である。
【図４３】ＳＤ信号（パラメータｒ，ｚ）の生成例を示す図である。
【図４４】ＳＤ信号（パラメータｈ，ｖ，ｚ）の生成例を示す図である。
【図４５】ソフトウェアで実現するための映像信号処理装置の構成例を示すブロック図である。
【図４６】映像信号の処理手順を示すフローチャートである。
【図４７】係数種データ生成処理（その１）を示すフローチャートである。
【図４８】係数種データ生成処理（その２）を示すフローチャートである。
【図４９】本発明を適用したビジネスモデルを説明するためのブロック図である。
【図５０】上記ビジネスモデルを説明するためのフローチャートである。
【符号の説明】
１ 記録媒体、ディスク状記録媒体、６ ピット、７ 段状部、１１ 光学ピックアップ装置、１０１ 第１の記録層、１０２ 第２の記録層[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a recording medium for recording various information signals such as video signals and music signals, and a reproducing apparatus, reproducing method, recording medium manufacturing apparatus, and recording medium manufacturing method thereof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, recording media for recording various information signals such as video signals, music signals, or computer programs have been proposed. Such a recording medium is configured and used as a so-called magnetic disk, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, or semiconductor device (semiconductor memory element). Also, as the information signal recorded on such a recording medium, both digital data and analog data are used.
[0003]
For example, an optical disc on which digital data is recorded is configured by forming fine irregularities, that is, pits corresponding to information signals that are digital data, on a disc substrate made of a transparent material, and forming a reflective film on the pits. Has been. In this optical disk, the information signal recorded by the pit can be reproduced by irradiating the pit with a light beam through the disk substrate and detecting the reflected light beam from the pit.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in a recording medium such as an optical disk as described above, it is possible to easily copy a recorded information signal to another recording medium in the form as it is, that is, as digital data. For example, if the method and apparatus for forming pits on the original optical disk are used, the same pits as the pits of the original optical disk are formed on other optical disks based on the digital data reproduced from the original optical disk. Can do. In addition, digital data reproduced from an optical disk can be recorded on a recording medium of another system such as a magneto-optical disk.
[0005]
Unlike the case of copying analog data, the digital data copied in this way is different from the copy of the original digital data in the quality of video and audio demodulated from this data, or in the operation of the computer based on this data. There is no deterioration compared to the case of use. That is, the copied digital data can be said to be data having the same value and quality as the copy source digital data.
[0006]
As described above, if data can be copied without deteriorating value and quality, there is a possibility that the copyright relating to the digital data as the copy source cannot be sufficiently protected.
[0007]
That is, the price of a recording medium on which digital data is properly recorded and sold normally includes a so-called copyright fee as a usage fee for the recorded digital data. This usage fee is paid to the copyright holder of the digital data, thereby protecting the copyright. However, if digital data copied without permission of the copyright holder has the same value and quality as the original digital data, those who intend to use this digital data will dare to include a royalty in the price. Instead of purchasing a regular recording medium, a lower-priced recording medium on which the copied digital data is recorded is used. Then, the copyright holder associated with the digital data is not paid a copyright fee corresponding to the number of people who actually hold the digital data and the number of times it is used.
[0008]
In recent years, in order to protect the copyright holder from such copying of digital data, it has been desired to propose a recording medium that prevents data from being easily copied.
[0009]
Therefore, the present invention has been proposed in view of the above circumstances, and a recording medium in which it is difficult to copy recorded data, and a reproducing apparatus, a reproducing method, a recording medium manufacturing apparatus, and a recording medium manufacturing method thereof. Is to provide.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-described problems, a recording medium according to the present invention includes a recording layer in which basic data is recorded by pits and a part of pits of the recording layer. Overlap Formed in steps The height is lower than the pit so as not to hinder the reading of the data recorded in the pit. The stepped portion irradiates a laser beam focused on a position different from the recording layer from the stepped portion, and the additional data serving as additional information for the basic data by the reflected light of the laser beam The reproduction information generated by a predetermined process based on the basic data and the additional data becomes higher quality information than the basic information generated from the basic data. To do.
[0011]
In this recording medium, the reproduction information is high quality information with respect to the basic information, so the amount of information is larger than that of the basic information. Is required.
[0012]
The reproducing apparatus according to the present invention has a recording layer in which basic data is recorded by pits, and a stepped portion formed in a step shape in a part of the pits of the recording layer, and is different from the recording layer. A laser beam focused on a position is irradiated, and additional data as additional information for the basic data is read from the stepped portion by reflected light of the laser beam, and predetermined processing is performed based on the basic data and the additional data. Is mounted with a recording medium in which the reproduction information generated by the information becomes higher quality information than the basic information generated from the basic data, and the irradiation unit irradiates the recording medium with laser light, and the irradiation unit Detecting means for detecting the reflected light from the recording medium of the laser beam irradiated by the laser beam and the laser light emitted from the irradiating means based on the detection result of the reflected light by the detecting means. A focus control means for switching between a first mode for condensing on the recording layer of the recording medium and a second mode for condensing the laser light at a position different from the recording layer of the recording medium; and the detection means Tracking control means for performing tracking control in which the irradiation position of the laser light emitted from the irradiation means is on the recording track of the recording medium based on the detection result of the reflected light, and the focus control means in which the first mode is set. The first decoding unit that decodes basic information from the basic data based on the detection result of the reflected light by the detection unit when selected, and the focus control unit selects the second mode. A second decoding means for decoding the additional information from the additional data based on a detection result of the reflected light by the detection means, and the first and first Based on the basic information and the additional information decoded by the decoding means is characterized in further comprising a reproducing means for generating the reproduction information.
[0013]
In this playback apparatus, since the playback information is high-quality information with respect to the basic information, the amount of information is larger than that of the basic information. Is required.
[0014]
Further, the reproducing method according to the present invention has a recording layer in which basic data is recorded by pits, and a stepped portion formed in a stepped manner in a part of the pits of the recording layer, which is different from the recording layer. A laser beam focused on a position is irradiated, and additional data as additional information for the basic data is read from the stepped portion by reflected light of the laser beam, and predetermined processing is performed based on the basic data and the additional data. Is a method of reproducing information from a recording medium in which the reproduction information generated by the information becomes higher quality information than the basic information generated from the basic data, the recording medium being irradiated with laser light, A first mode for detecting the reflected light of the laser beam from the recording medium and condensing the laser beam on a recording layer of the recording medium based on the detection result of the reflected light and the recording of the laser beam The basic information is decoded from the basic data based on the detection result of the reflected light when the first mode is selected while switching to the second mode for condensing light at a position different from the recording layer of the body. The additional information is decoded from the additional data based on the detection result of the reflected light when the second mode is selected.
[0015]
In this reproduction method, the reproduction information is high quality information with respect to the basic information. Therefore, the amount of information is larger than that of the basic information. Is required.
[0016]
The recording medium manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention encodes basic information to output basic data, encodes additional information for the basic data, and outputs additional data, and the basic data to the recording medium. The shape of the pit when the pit is recorded on the recording layer is calculated, and the shape of the step when the additional data is recorded by the step formed on the recording layer A reflected light calculation unit for calculating a reflected light beam when the recording layer on which the pits and stepped portions are formed is irradiated with a laser beam focused on a position different from the recording layer, and the reflected light calculation A comparison means for comparing the data read from the reflected light beam calculated by the unit with the additional data, and controlling the additional data based on a comparison result by the comparison means. Additional data control means for correcting the shape of the stepped portion and matching the data read from the reflected light beam calculated by the reflected light calculation section with the additional data, and the addition controlled by the basic data and the additional data control means Combined data generating means for combining data and generating combined data; and recording means for forming the pits and the stepped portion in the recording layer of the master disk based on the combined data generated by the combined data generating means It is characterized by comprising.
[0017]
When the recording medium manufactured by this recording medium manufacturing apparatus is played back, the playback information is high quality information with respect to the basic information. In order to record, a large amount of recording media is required.
[0018]
Further, the recording medium manufacturing method according to the present invention obtains basic data by encoding basic information and encodes additional information for the basic data to obtain additional data, and the basic data is recorded on the recording layer of the recording medium by pits. The shape of the pit in the case of recording is calculated, and the shape of the stepped portion in the case of recording the additional data is calculated by the stepped portion formed in the recording layer. Based on the calculation result, the pit and The reflected light beam is calculated when the recording layer on which the stepped portion is formed is irradiated with a laser beam focused on a position different from the recording layer, and the data read from the calculated reflected beam and the additional data are calculated. Based on the comparison result, the additional data is controlled to correct the shape of the stepped portion, and the data read from the reflected light beam calculated by the reflected light calculating portion is read. And the additional data are matched, the basic data and the controlled additional data are combined to generate combined data. Based on the generated combined data, the pits and the steps are recorded on the recording layer of the master disk. A shape portion is formed.
[0019]
When a recording medium manufactured by this recording medium manufacturing method is played back, the playback information is high quality information with respect to the basic information. In order to record, a large amount of recording media is required.
[0020]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0021]
[Overview of recording medium]
The recording medium in the present invention has a first recording unit in which basic data is recorded and a second recording unit in which additional data serving as additional information for the basic data recorded in the first recording unit is recorded. Configured. In this recording medium, reproduction information is generated by performing predetermined processing based on the basic data read from the first recording unit and the additional data read from the second recording unit. be able to.
[0022]
This reproduction information is higher quality information than the basic information generated only from the basic data recorded in the first recording unit. Therefore, the reproduction information is information having a larger information amount than the basic information. In addition, the reproduction information has an information amount larger than the information amount of the basic information and additional information used for generating the reproduction information. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, reproduction information is generated by reproducing one recording medium 1 (step st101 in FIG. 2), and this generated reproduction information is recorded as data. Therefore, a larger number of recording media than the number of original recording media is required (step st102 in FIG. 2).
[0023]
In this recording medium, each of the basic data and the additional data can be read out in a state where “predetermined processing” is possible only when the basic data and the additional data are recorded in a predetermined relationship and in a predetermined recording method. it can.
[0024]
That is, as shown in FIG. 1, basic data (copiable data) and additional data (insignificant data) α can be reproduced from the recording medium 1, and only basic data is the same as the original recording medium 1. Copying to the recording medium 3 having substantially the same recording capacity is possible. However, the basic information reproduced from only the basic data is information having inferior quality as compared with the reproduction information generated using the additional data. In this recording medium, only the additional data can be copied to the recording medium 4 having a recording capacity substantially the same as that of the original recording medium. However, meaningful information cannot be reproduced only with this additional data.
[0025]
Therefore, if the content of “predetermined processing” for generating reproduction information based on basic data and additional data is not disclosed and difficult to analyze, it is recorded on this recording medium 1. It can be extremely difficult to copy existing information to another recording medium in a complete form. Further, as described above, it is complicated and inconvenient to record the reproduction information obtained by reproducing the recording medium 1 as data because a large number of recording media 2 are required.
[0026]
Thus, by making it difficult to copy the recorded information to another recording medium, it is possible to provide a recording medium that does not perform so-called “illegal copying” (step st103 in FIG. 2).
[0027]
The basic information in this recording medium can be, for example, video information, audio information, a computer program, or the like. The additional information is information for improving the quality of video information, audio information and the like reproduced based on the basic data, that is, for example, image quality or sound quality. This additional information can be coefficient data generated by “class classification adaptive processing” to be described later and used for signal processing, or coefficient seed data used for generation of this coefficient data. This “class classification adaptive processing” can be performed by a circuit such as a processing unit described later. In the “class classification adaptive processing”, the additional information can be considered as coefficient information set in advance for performing an operation on basic data such as video data.
[0028]
In addition, the difference between the reproduction information and the basic information, that is, the high-quality content is that, when the basic information is video information, the spatial resolution is high, various additional information is added, etc. can do.
[0029]
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the recording medium according to the present invention records basic data and additional data acquired (downloaded) from an information network 5 using a public communication line such as the so-called Internet. (Step st104 in FIG. 4). Even in this case, the basic data and the additional data are in a predetermined relationship with the recording medium 1 so that the data can be read in a state in which “predetermined processing” can be performed thereafter (step st105 in FIG. 4). Are recorded by a predetermined recording method.
[0030]
That is, as shown in FIG. 3, basic data (copyable data) and additional data ( Alone The disc architecture is such that it can only be played back after recording the meaningless data α) with the recording medium architecture. When so-called “illegal copying” is performed, it takes a lot of time and labor to analyze and manufacture the recording medium. Will be required.
[0031]
As described above, the recording medium according to the present invention does not perform so-called “illegal copying”, so that it is possible to increase the user's willingness to purchase the recording medium that is normally sold (step st106 in FIG. 2). .
[0032]
These characteristics of the recording medium in the present invention are common to the embodiments of the present invention described below.
[0033]
[Disc recording medium]
The recording medium in the present invention can be configured as a flat recording medium such as a disk-shaped recording medium or a card-shaped recording medium. Further, this flat recording medium can be configured as a disk-shaped recording medium which is a so-called optical disk from which data recorded by the optical pickup device is read.
[0034]
This disc-shaped recording medium has a first recording unit and a second recording unit. Basic data is recorded in the first recording unit. Additional data serving as additional information for the basic data is recorded in the second recording unit.
[0035]
The first recording unit is a region that reflects and reflects the properties of the light beam, for example, the amount of light and the polarization direction, according to the recorded basic data when the light beam is irradiated by the optical pickup device. Yes. The second recording unit is a region that reflects and reflects the properties of the light beam, for example, the light amount, the polarization direction, and the like according to the recorded additional data when the light beam is irradiated by the optical pickup device. Yes. The additional data in the second recording unit may be recorded with a recording structure similar to that of the first recording unit, or may be recorded with a recording structure different from that of the first recording unit.
[0036]
In the following description, the recording medium according to the present invention is described as being configured as a disk-shaped recording medium. However, the recording medium is not limited to the disk-shaped recording medium, and may be configured as recording media having various shapes. can do.
[0037]
[First Embodiment of Disc-shaped Recording Medium]
In this embodiment, the disc-shaped recording medium of the present invention is configured as an optical disc having one recording layer. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the disc-shaped recording medium 1 configured as an optical disc has a recording layer in which basic data is recorded by pits 6. This basic data is recorded as digital data, and becomes basic information such as video information by demodulating as described above. The pit 6 is a fine concavo-convex row having a predetermined height, and when irradiated with the laser beam L condensed by the optical pickup device, the laser beam L is scattered. By detecting the reflected light from the medium 1, the presence or absence of a signal is detected. The height of the pit 6 is ¼ of the wavelength of the laser beam L irradiated by the optical pickup device.
[0038]
In the disc-shaped recording medium 1 configured as the optical disc, a stepped portion 7 formed in a step shape for recording additional data is formed in a part of the pits 6 of the recording layer. The stepped portion 7 is formed so as to overlap the pit 6 and has a height lower than that of the pit 6. The stepped portion 7 has a height that does not hinder the reading of data recorded in the pit 6. This additional data may be digital data or analog data. From this stepped portion 7, the laser beam focused at a position different from the recording layer, that is, the laser beam focused at a position different from the focus position when reading the basic data recorded by the pit 6 is focused. The additional data is read out by the reflected light of the laser beam.
[0039]
In order to focus the laser beam on a position different from that of the recording layer, an astigmatism is generated in the reflected beam from the disk-shaped recording medium 1 in the optical pickup device 25 of the reproducing apparatus to be described later. When the amount and direction are detected by the photodetector 16 which is a so-called quadrant photosensor, the focus servo is controlled so that the focus error signal based on the output from the photodetector 16 becomes a constant value which is not zero. It can be executed by calling.
[0040]
In this way, this optical disk was configured Disc-shaped recording medium From 1, the basic data and the additional data are read out by the optical pickup device 25. Then, reproduction information is generated by performing predetermined signal processing based on these basic data and additional data. This reproduction information is higher quality information than the basic information generated only from the basic data.
[0041]
The basic data can be digital data and the additional data can be analog data. In this case, as shown in FIG. 7 showing the change in the value of the additional data in the spatial direction or the time direction, the frequency of the signal constituting the analog data A may be higher than the frequency of the digital data. It is assumed that the numerical aperture (NA) of the objective lens for condensing the laser beam and the wavelength of the laser beam are set so that the analog data can be read in the optical pickup device 25 on the reproducing apparatus side. .
[0042]
The stepped portion 7 described above can be formed not in a part of the pit but in a land portion other than the pit (portion without the pit) to record additional data.
[0043]
As methods of modulation and compression processing of basic data, various conventionally proposed methods such as “EFM”, “CIRC”, “1 → 7 modulation”, “Viterbi code”, and the like can be used.
[0044]
[Second Embodiment of Disc Recording Medium]
Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the disc-shaped recording medium 1 according to the present invention can also be configured as a so-called double-layer disc in which similar recording layers 8 and 9 are laminated. In this case, the recording layer is configured by laminating at least the first recording layer 8 and the second recording layer 9 with each other.
[0045]
When the additional data is recorded by the stepped portion, the stepped portion is formed in a part of each pit of each of the first and second recording layers. From such a stepped portion, additional data is read out by the reflected light of the laser beam focused between the first recording layer 8 and the second recording layer 9. In order to focus the laser beam between the recording layers 8 and 9, astigmatism is caused in the reflected beam from the disk-shaped recording medium 1 in an optical pickup device 25 of a reproducing apparatus to be described later, as shown in FIG. It only has to be generated. The amount and direction of this astigmatism is detected by the photodetector 16 which is a so-called four-divided photosensor, and the additional data is read out when the focus error signal based on the output from the photodetector 16 is not zero. It can be executed by applying a focus servo to a value. In this case, as shown in FIG. 6, it is possible to control the defocus position closer to the second layer 9 than the first layer 8 by shifting the position of the four-divided sensor.
[0046]
[Third Embodiment of Disc-shaped Recording Medium]
In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 8, the disc-shaped recording medium is laminated on a first recording layer 18 on which basic data is recorded by pits on a disc substrate 17 and the first recording layer 18. The disc may be formed as a two-layer disc having a second recording layer 19 on which additional data is recorded by changing the transmittance.
[0047]
In the first recording layer 18, pits corresponding to the basic data are formed, and basic data is recorded by these pits. Then, basic data is read from the first recording layer 18 by the change in the amount of light in the reflected light of the laser light beam irradiated by the optical pickup device.
[0048]
When pits are formed in the first recording layer 18, the amount of reflected light of the laser beam irradiated by the optical pickup device is approximately zero. The basic data at this time is defined as “0” (or “1”). If no pits are formed in the first recording layer 18, the amount of reflected light of the laser beam irradiated by the optical pickup device is approximately 100. % Transmission is approximately equal to the amount of irradiation light. The basic data at this time is defined as “1” (or “0”).
[0049]
From the second recording layer 19, the laser light beam irradiated by the optical pickup device is transmitted, reflected by the first recording layer 18, and again by the change in the amount of reflected light transmitted through the second recording layer 19. Additional data is read out.
[0050]
That is, in the portion where the pit is not formed in the first recording layer 18, it corresponds to the additional data corresponding to the transmittance of the second recording layer 19 and the state where the pit is not formed in the first recording layer 18. Basic data (“1” (or “0”)) is detected. In the portion where pits are formed in the first recording layer 18, the amount of reflected light is substantially zero regardless of the transmittance of the second recording layer 19, and pits are formed in the first recording layer 18. Basic data (“0” (or “1”)) corresponding to the formed state is detected.
[0051]
For example, the second recording layer 19 includes an organic dye, and a bright portion (a portion with a high transmittance) and a dark portion (a portion with a low transmittance) are formed corresponding to the additional data. ing. The second recording layer 19 is 1-bit data in which the data recorded in the first recording layer 18 is “1” or “0”, whereas the transmittance is set in multiple stages. Multi-bit data can be recorded. Further, analog data may be recorded as the recording data.
[0052]
The second recording layer 19 may include a crystal that scatters a laser beam, and the amount of transmitted light may be changed depending on the crystal concentration of the crystal.
[0053]
Also in the disk-shaped recording medium 1, basic data and additional data are read out by an optical pickup device 25 described later. Based on these basic data and additional data, reproduction information is generated by performing predetermined signal processing. This reproduction information is higher quality information than the basic information generated only from the basic data.
[0054]
[Fourth Embodiment of Disc-shaped Recording Medium]
Further, as shown in FIG. 9, the disc-shaped recording medium 1 according to the present invention is laminated on the first recording layer 20 on which basic data is recorded by the change of the magnetization direction, and the first recording layer 20. You may comprise as a magneto-optical disk which has the 2nd recording layer 19 formed and the additional data were recorded by the change of the transmittance | permeability.
[0055]
The first recording layer 20 is a so-called magneto-optical recording layer that is formed of a magnetic material and records basic data by changing the magnetization direction. Basic data is read from the first recording layer 20 by irradiating a linearly polarized laser beam with an optical pickup device and detecting a change in the polarization direction of the reflected light of the laser beam.
[0056]
The second recording layer 19 is formed by being laminated on the first recording layer, and additional data serving as additional information with respect to the basic data is recorded as the transmittance changes. From this second recording layer 19, a linearly polarized laser beam is irradiated by an optical pickup device, and this laser beam passes through the second recording layer 19 and is reflected by the first recording layer 20 again. By detecting a change in the amount of reflected light transmitted through the recording layer 19, the additional data is read out. For example, the second recording layer 19 includes an organic dye, and a bright portion (a portion with a high transmittance) and a dark portion (a portion with a low transmittance) are formed corresponding to the additional data. Has been. The second recording layer 19 may include a crystal that scatters a laser beam, and the amount of transmitted light may be changed depending on the crystal concentration of the crystal.
[0057]
In this way, basic data and additional data are read from the disk-shaped recording medium 1 configured as a magneto-optical disk by an optical pickup device 25 described later. Then, reproduction information is generated by performing predetermined signal processing based on these basic data and additional data. This reproduction information is higher quality information than the basic information generated only from the basic data.
[0058]
[Fifth Embodiment of Disc-shaped Recording Medium]
Further, as shown in FIG. 10, the disc-shaped recording medium 1 according to the present invention has a land portion sandwiched between grooves GV as a recording track TR, and a first recording layer 18 in which basic data is recorded by pits 18P, The magneto-optical disk may be configured to have a second recording layer 21 formed by being laminated on the first recording layer 18 and having additional data recorded by a change in magnetization direction.
[0059]
In the first recording layer 18, the pits 18P corresponding to the basic data are formed, so that the basic data is recorded by the pits 18P. Then, basic data is read from the first recording layer 18 by the change in the amount of light in the reflected light of the laser light beam irradiated by the optical pickup device.
[0060]
The second recording layer 21 is a so-called magneto-optical recording layer that is formed of a magnetic material and records additional data by changing the magnetization direction. Additional data is read from the second recording layer 21 by irradiating a linearly polarized laser beam with an optical pickup device and detecting a change in the polarization direction of the reflected light of the laser beam.
[0061]
In the second recording layer 21, the additional data is recorded by a substantially circular magneto-optical spot 21S formed on the recording track TR, that is, on the pit row of the first recording layer 18. The magneto-optical spots 21S may all be circular and have the same diameter, and may have different areas and shapes. Further, as shown in FIG. 11, the magneto-optical spot 18S includes at least two types of magneto-optical spot 21a having a first area and a magneto-optical spot 21b having a second area smaller than the first area. It is good also as what is done. When there are multiple types of magneto-optical spot diameters (areas), different additional data can be recorded depending on the difference in diameter (area), or analog data corresponding to the difference in diameter (area) can be recorded on the recording medium. can do.
[0062]
Also in the disk-shaped recording medium 1 configured as a magneto-optical disk in this way, basic data and additional data are read out by an optical pickup device 25 described later. Based on these basic data and additional data, reproduction information is generated by performing predetermined signal processing. This reproduction information is higher quality information than the basic information generated only from the basic data.
[0063]
[Sixth Embodiment of Disc Recording Medium]
In the disc-shaped recording medium according to the sixth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12A, the additional data DA corresponding to the specific basic data DB is relative to the recording position of the basic data. A basic data DB recorded at a position separated by a predetermined address (r, l) is used.
[0064]
That is, in this case, as indicated by (B) in FIG. 12, the value of a predetermined address (r, l) that is a relative address is present at the position where the specific basic data DB is recorded. These are recorded in the same manner as the additional data DA described above. In this disc-shaped recording medium, the basic data DB recorded at a position separated from the recording position of the specific basic data by the read relative address (r, l) is the specific basic data. The data corresponds to the additional data DA originally corresponding to the data.
[0065]
[Outline of playback apparatus and playback method]
The playback device in the present invention is a device that reads basic data and additional data from the above-described recording medium and each disk-shaped recording medium, and generates playback information from these basic data and additional data. In addition, the playback method according to the present invention is implemented as an operation executed using the above-described recording medium and each disk-shaped recording medium in this playback apparatus.
[0066]
In other words, as described above, a recording medium having the first recording unit in which basic data is recorded and the second recording unit in which additional data is recorded is mounted on the reproducing apparatus. In this reproducing apparatus, the basic data is read from the recording medium by the first data acquisition means, and the additional data is read from the recording medium by the second data acquisition means. Then, predetermined signal processing is performed, and reproduction information is generated. The playback device includes playback means for generating playback information based on basic information demodulated from basic data and additional information demodulated from additional data.
[0067]
As described above, the basic data is video data, audio data, or the like. The additional data is data for improving the quality of information reproduced based on the video data, that is, the image quality and the sound quality of the video.
[0068]
In this playback apparatus, as additional data, externally input data can be used in addition to the additional data read from the recording medium. In this case, the playback device includes external information input means for inputting external information. This external information input means is, for example, a biological information acquisition device that acquires user's biological information as external information, or a peripheral environment information acquisition device that acquires information related to the surrounding environment as external information. These biological information acquisition devices, surrounding environment information acquisition devices, and the like are configured to include an optical sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and the like.
[0069]
As an external information input means, Measured time A time measuring device that outputs time information or time data may be used, and time data or time data may be used as additional data.
[0070]
In these cases, the reproducing means generates the reproduction information based on the basic information and the additional information, and further based on the external information input from the external information input means, or the time information and the time information. Become.
[0071]
In this disc-shaped recording medium, the basic data and the additional data may be digital data or analog data.
[0072]
[Common Configuration in Embodiments of Playback Apparatus and Playback Method]
For example, as shown in FIG. 13, the playback device 80 according to the present invention has a rotary operation device 22 that holds and rotates the disc-shaped recording medium 1. The rotation operation device 22 has a spindle motor that rotates the disk-shaped recording medium 1 and is controlled by a system controller 24 via a spindle control circuit 23.
[0073]
In addition, the reproducing apparatus 80 includes an optical pickup device 25 that functions as an irradiating unit that irradiates the disc-shaped recording medium 1 with laser light. As shown in FIG. 14, the optical pickup device 25 includes a light source 10 composed of a laser diode, an optical system for irradiating the disk-shaped recording medium 1 with a laser beam emitted from the light source 10, and the disk-shaped recording medium 1. The first to third photodetectors 16, 26, and 27 function as detection means for detecting reflected light from the disk-shaped recording medium 1 of the irradiated laser beam.
[0074]
The light emitted from the light source 10 is converted into a parallel light beam by the collimator lens 11, divided into three or more light beams by the diffraction grating 28, passed through the beam splitter 12, and then recorded on the disc-shaped recording medium 1 by the objective lens 14. Focused on the surface. Then, the reflected light beam from the disk-shaped recording medium 1 reaches the beam splitter 12 through the objective lens 14, is branched from the optical path returning to the light source 10 by the beam splitter 12, and reaches the half mirror 29. One of the reflected light beams branched by the half mirror 29 is received by the first photodetector 27 through the λ / 2 (half wavelength) plate 30 and the collimator lens 31. The first photodetector 27 detects the amount of reflected light from the disc-shaped recording medium 1. The output from the first photodetector 27 is an RF signal. In the disc-shaped recording medium 1, data recorded by pits and data recorded by a difference in light transmittance or reflectance can be read based on the output from the first photodetector 27. .
[0075]
The other of the reflected light beams branched by the half mirror 29 passes through a compensation plate 32, a λ / 2 (half wavelength) plate 33, a condensing lens 34, and a cylindrical (cylindrical) lens 35. The light is branched by the beam splitter 36 and received by the second and third photodetectors 16 and 26. A magneto-optical signal and various error signals can be generated from the outputs from the second and third photodetectors 16 and 26. That is, the difference between the outputs from the second and third photodetectors 16 and 26 becomes a magneto-optical signal. Data recorded by the magneto-optical spot in the disk-shaped recording medium 1 can be read based on the outputs from the second and third photodetectors 16 and 26.
[0076]
The second and third photodetectors 16 and 26 each have a light receiving surface that is radially divided into four from the center, and outputs each light receiving surface independently. In the light receiving surface divided into four in this way, when outputs from the light receiving surfaces facing each other through the center are added and a difference signal between these sum signals is taken, a cylindrical lens is obtained. By 35 The generated astigmatic balance difference amount is detected, and this signal becomes a focus error signal (so-called astigmatism method). Further, when a difference signal of the intensity of the reflected light beam from each disk-shaped recording medium 1 of the laser light beam branched by the diffraction grating 28 is taken, it becomes a tracking error signal (so-called three beam method).
[0077]
The output signal from the first photodetector 27 indicates the amount of reflected light from the disc-shaped recording medium 1, and this signal is sent to the RF circuit 37 as shown in FIG.
[0078]
The output amplified by the RF circuit 37 is sent to the EFM demodulating circuit 38 for EFM demodulation. The output of the EFM demodulating circuit 38 is sent to a “CIRC” decoding circuit 39 and a subcode decoding circuit 40. The signal that has been subjected to the “CIRC” decoding (decompression process) in the “CIRC” decoding circuit 39 is output to the reproduction circuit 43 that functions as the reproduction means via the shock proof memory 41 and the D / A converter 42. The subcode decoding circuit 40 demodulates the subcode and sends it to the system controller 24.
[0079]
Further, the optical pickup device 25 is moved by the feed mechanism 44 over the inner and outer circumferences of the disc-shaped recording medium 1. The feed mechanism 44 is controlled by the system controller 24 via a feed control circuit 45.
[0080]
Further, the reproducing apparatus 80 includes a focus control circuit 46 that functions as a focus control unit. The focus control circuit 46 is controlled by the system controller 24 based on the detection result of the reflected light by the photodetector of the optical pickup device 25 and performs focus adjustment in the optical pickup device 25. This focus adjustment is performed by controlling the movement of the objective lens of the optical pickup device 25 in the optical axis direction so that the focal position of the laser beam emitted from the optical pickup device 25 is relative to the signal recording surface of the disc-shaped recording medium 1. This is control for positioning at a predetermined position.
[0081]
In addition, the reproducing apparatus 80 includes a tracking control circuit 47 that functions as tracking control means. The tracking control circuit 47 is controlled by the system controller 24 based on the detection result of the reflected light by the photodetector of the optical pickup device 25 and performs tracking adjustment in the optical pickup device 25. This tracking adjustment is performed by controlling the movement of the objective lens of the optical pickup device 25 in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis (the radial direction of the disc-shaped recording medium 1), thereby adjusting the focus of the laser beam emitted from the optical pickup device 25. In this control, the position is set on the recording track of the disc-shaped recording medium 1.
[0082]
An operation unit 48 is connected to the system controller 24. From the operation unit 48, an operation signal based on a manual operation is input to the system controller 24.
[0083]
The EFM demodulation circuit 38 functions as first and second decoding means. That is, the EFM demodulating circuit 38 performs the first decoding that decodes the basic information from the basic data based on the detection result of the reflected light by the photodetector when the focus control circuit 46 selects the first mode. Functions as a means. The EFM demodulating circuit 38 decodes the additional information from the additional data based on the detection result of the reflected light by the photodetector when the focus control circuit 46 selects the second mode. Functions as a means.
[0084]
Then, the reproduction circuit 43 generates reproduction information based on the basic information and additional information decoded by the EFM demodulation circuit 38. This reproduction information is high quality information with respect to the basic information reproduced from the basic data.
[0085]
[First embodiment of playback apparatus and playback method]
The reproducing apparatus according to the present invention can be configured as an apparatus that is loaded with the above-described disk-shaped recording medium and reproduces information from the disk-shaped recording medium. That is, in this embodiment, the reproducing device 80 shown in FIG. 13 records the recording layer in which the basic data is recorded by pits and the additional data formed in a step shape on a part of the pits of the recording layer. A disc-shaped recording medium 1 having a stepped portion is mounted. The additional data is read based on the reflected light of the laser beam by irradiating the stepped portion with a laser beam focused on a position different from the recording layer. Based on the basic data and the additional data, reproduction information that is higher quality information can be generated with respect to the basic information generated from the basic data by a predetermined process.
[0086]
In this embodiment, the focus control circuit 46 condenses the laser light beam emitted from the optical pickup device 25 onto the recording layer of the disk-shaped recording medium 1 and the laser light beam to the disk-shaped recording medium 1. The second mode for condensing light at a position different from that of the recording layer can be switched. The second mode can be executed by applying focus servo so that the focus error signal based on the output from the second photodetector 16 becomes a constant value that is not zero.
[0087]
That is, as shown in FIG. 6, astigmatism is generated in the reflected light beam from the disk-shaped recording medium 1, and the amount and direction of this astigmatism is detected by the second photodetector 16, and this second astigmatism is detected. By applying focus servo so that the focus error signal based on the output from the photodetector 16 becomes a constant value other than 0, the laser beam is focused between the recording layers of the disk-shaped recording medium, and the additional data Can be read out.
[0088]
[Second Embodiment of Playback Apparatus and Playback Method]
As shown in FIG. 15, the reproducing apparatus 80 according to the present invention can be configured as an apparatus for reproducing information from a so-called double-layer disc in which similar recording layers are laminated. The signal recording layer of the disc-shaped recording medium 1 is configured by laminating at least a first recording layer 8 and a second recording layer 9, and a stepped portion is provided for each pit of the first and second recording layers. The additional data is read out by a laser beam formed in part and focused between the first recording layer 8 and the second recording layer 9. As shown in FIG. 13, the reproducing apparatus 80 includes a rotation operation device 22, an optical pickup device 25, and the like.
[0089]
In this embodiment, the focus control circuit 46 has a first mode for condensing the laser beam irradiated from the optical pickup device 25 on any recording layer of the disk-shaped recording medium 1 and the laser beam in a disk shape. The second mode in which light is condensed at a position between the recording layers 8 and 9 of the recording medium 1 can be switched. The second mode can be executed by applying focus servo so that the focus error signal based on the output from the second photodetector 16 becomes a constant value that is not zero.
[0090]
In this embodiment, the EFM demodulating circuit 38 functions as first and second decoding means. That is, the EFM demodulating circuit 38 performs the first decoding that decodes the basic information from the basic data based on the detection result of the reflected light by the photodetector when the focus control circuit 46 selects the first mode. Functions as a means. The EFM demodulating circuit 38 decodes the additional information from the additional data based on the detection result of the reflected light by the photodetector when the focus control circuit 46 selects the second mode. Functions as a means.
[0091]
Then, the reproduction circuit 43 generates reproduction information based on the basic information and additional information decoded by the EFM demodulation circuit 38. This reproduction information is high quality information with respect to the basic information reproduced from the basic data.
[0092]
In this reproducing apparatus 80, as shown in FIG. 15, the optical pickup apparatus 25 sequentially transmits the light beam emitted from the light source 10 formed of a laser diode through the first to third beam splitters 49a, 49b, and 49c. Thus, the disc-shaped recording medium 1 may be irradiated through the λ / 4 plate 13 by the triple focus objective lens 14. In the optical pickup device 25, the reflected light beam from the first recording layer 8 out of the reflected light beam from the disc-shaped recording medium 1 is branched by the third beam splitter 49c and received by the photodetector 50a. The reflected light beam of the light beam condensed between the first and second recording layers 8 and 9 is branched by the second beam splitter 49b and received by the photodetector 50b, and the reflected light beam from the second recording layer 9 is reflected. Is branched by the first beam splitter 49a and received by the photodetector 50c.
[0093]
[Third Embodiment of Playback Apparatus and Playback Method]
In addition, the reproducing apparatus 80 according to the present invention has a first recording layer serving as a first recording unit in which the basic data is recorded and a second recording unit serving as a second recording unit in which additional data is recorded. It can be configured as a playback device to which a disc-shaped recording medium 1 having a layer is mounted.
[0094]
As described above, the disc-shaped recording medium 1 has a first recording layer in which basic data is recorded, and additional data which is formed by being laminated on the first recording layer and serves as additional information for the basic data. The reproduction information generated by the predetermined processing based on the basic data and the additional data is higher in quality information than the basic information generated from the basic data. It will be.
[0095]
In this disc-shaped recording medium 1, pits corresponding to basic data are formed on the first recording layer, and basic data is recorded by these pits. From this first recording layer, basic data can be read out by the change in the amount of light in the reflected light of the irradiated light beam. In this disc-shaped recording medium, additional data is recorded on the second recording layer by a change in transmittance. From this second recording layer, the irradiated light beam is transmitted by the second recording layer, reflected by the first recording layer, and added again due to the change in the amount of reflected light that has passed through the second recording layer. Data can be read out.
[0096]
As shown in FIG. 13, the reproducing apparatus 80 includes a rotation operation device 22, an optical pickup device 25, and the like.
[0097]
In this embodiment, the optical pickup device 25 obtains basic data from the first recording layer of the disc-shaped recording medium 1 based on the detection result of the reflected light by the photodetector. And functions as second data acquisition means for acquiring additional data from the second recording layer of the disc-shaped recording medium 1 based on the detection result of the reflected light by the photodetector.
[0098]
Further, in this embodiment, the EFM demodulator circuit 38 uses the first decoding means for decoding the basic information from the basic data acquired by the first data acquisition means and the additional data acquired by the second data acquisition means. It functions as a second decoding means for decoding the additional information.
[0099]
Then, the reproduction circuit 43 generates reproduction information based on the basic information and additional information decoded by the EFM demodulation circuit 38.
[0100]
[Fourth Embodiment of Playback Apparatus and Playback Method]
The reproducing apparatus 80 according to the present invention includes a first recording layer formed of a magnetic material and recorded with basic data by a change in magnetization direction, and a second recording layer with additional data recorded by a change in transmittance. The disc-shaped recording medium 1 having the above can be configured as a playback device.
[0101]
In this disc-shaped recording medium 1, basic data can be read from the first recording layer by changing the polarization direction of the reflected light of the irradiated light beam. Further, in this disk-shaped recording medium, additional data can be read from the second recording layer by a change in the amount of light in the reflected light of the irradiated light beam.
[0102]
As shown in FIG. 13, the reproducing apparatus 80 includes a rotation operation device 22, an optical pickup device 25, and the like.
[0103]
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 16, the detection unit 51 in the optical pickup device 25 receives reflected light, and the reflected light is converted into first reflected light and second reflected light according to the polarization direction component. A polarizing beam splitter 36 for separating the first reflected light, a first photodetector 26 for detecting the amount of the first reflected light, a second photodetector 16 for detecting the amount of the second reflected light, And a comparator 52 for comparing the detection results of the second photodetectors 26 and 16. In the detection unit 51, the polarization direction of the reflected light is detected based on the comparison result by the comparator 52.
[0104]
Further, in this embodiment, the optical pickup device 25 reads basic data based on the detection result of the polarization direction of the reflected light by the detection unit 51, and based on the detection result of the intensity of the reflected light by the detection unit 51. To read additional data. The EFM demodulation circuit 38 functions as a first decoding unit that decodes basic information from basic data and a second decoding unit that decodes additional information from additional data.
[0105]
Then, the reproduction circuit 43 generates reproduction information based on the basic information and additional information decoded by the EFM demodulation circuit 38.
[0106]
[Fifth Embodiment of Playback Apparatus and Playback Method]
Further, the reproducing apparatus 80 according to the present invention reproduces a disk-shaped recording medium 1 having a recording track on which basic data is recorded by pits and additional data is recorded by a change in magnetization direction formed by a magnetic material. It can be configured as a device.
[0107]
In this disk-shaped recording medium 1, basic data is recorded on the recording track by pits, and additional data serving as additional information with respect to the basic data is recorded by a change in the magnetization direction. In this recording track, the additional data is recorded by a substantially circular magneto-optical spot formed on the recording track. This magneto-optical spot is composed of at least two types, one having a first area and one having a second area smaller than the first area. In this disc-shaped recording medium, reproduction information generated by a predetermined process based on basic data and additional data becomes higher quality information than basic information generated from basic data.
[0108]
As shown in FIG. 13, the reproducing apparatus 80 includes a rotation operation device 22, an optical pickup device 25, and the like.
[0109]
In this embodiment, the basic data recorded by the pits is read out by the light amount change detected by the first photodetector 27 as shown in FIG. Then, as shown in FIG. 16, the detection unit 51 in the optical pickup device 25 receives the reflected light and separates the reflected light into the first reflected light and the second reflected light according to the polarization direction component. The polarization beam splitter 36, the first photodetector 26 for detecting the amount of the first reflected light, the second photodetector 16 for detecting the amount of the second reflected light, and the first and second And a comparator 52 for comparing the detection results of the photodetectors 26 and 16. In the detection unit 51, the polarization direction of the reflected light is detected based on the comparison result by the comparator 52, and the area of the magneto-optical spot is further determined. The area of the magneto-optical spot in the detection unit 51 is determined by detecting the ratio of the detection results of the first and second photodetectors 26 and 16 based on the comparison result by the comparator 52.
[0110]
In this embodiment, the optical pickup device 25 reads the basic data based on the detection result of the intensity of the reflected light by the detection unit 51, and the polarization direction of the reflected light by the detection unit 51 and the magneto-optical spot. The additional data is read based on the area detection result. The EFM demodulation circuit 38 functions as a first decoding unit that decodes basic information from basic data and a second decoding unit that decodes additional information from additional data.
[0111]
Then, the reproduction circuit 43 generates reproduction information based on the basic information and additional information decoded by the EFM demodulation circuit 38.
[0112]
[Embodiment of Disc Recording Medium Manufacturing Apparatus]
Then, as shown in FIG. 17, the disc-shaped recording medium manufacturing apparatus 90 according to the present invention is a disc on which basic data is recorded by pits and additional data is recorded by stepped portions formed in a part of the pits. Is a device for manufacturing a master disk 1a for manufacturing a recording medium.
[0113]
In this disk-shaped recording medium, reproduction information generated by a predetermined process based on basic data and additional data becomes higher quality information than the basic information generated from the basic data.
[0114]
In the disc-shaped recording medium manufacturing apparatus 90, the basic information is encoded by the first digital data input unit 53 that functions as an encoding means. In this recording apparatus, the additional information is encoded by the second digital data input unit 54 that functions as an encoding means. Here, the second digital data input unit 54 may generate additional data by class classification adaptation processing described later. This “class classification adaptive processing” can be performed by a circuit such as a processing unit described later. When the additional data is an analog signal or third digital data indicating an analog amount, the additional data is input from the outside via the analog data input unit 55.
[0115]
Outputs from the first and second digital data input units 53 and 54 are sent to an error correction coding circuit 56. The encoded signal error-corrected by the error correction encoding circuit 56 is sent to the EFM modulation circuit 57, subjected to EFM modulation, and sent to the sub-coding circuit 58. The basic data and the additional data to which the subcode is added in the subcoding circuit 58 is sent to the synthesized digital data generating unit 59 that functions as a synthesized data generating means. The synthesized digital data generation unit 59 synthesizes basic data and additional data to generate synthesized data.
[0116]
The output data of the sub-coding circuit 58 is sent to the reproduction RF signal generation circuit 60. The reproduction RF signal generation circuit 60 serves as a reflected light calculation unit. The reproduction RF signal generation circuit 60 calculates the shape of the pit when the basic data is recorded on the recording layer of the disc-shaped recording medium by the pit, and records the additional data by the stepped portion formed in the recording layer. In this case, the shape of the stepped portion is calculated, and further, based on the calculation results, the recording layer on which the pits and the stepped portion are formed is irradiated with a laser beam focused on a position different from the recording layer. In this case, the state of the reflected light flux is calculated.
[0117]
The result calculated by the reproduction RF signal generation circuit 60 is sent to the comparison unit 61 functioning as comparison means. The comparison unit 61 compares the data read from the reflected light beam calculated by the reproduction RF signal generation circuit 60 with the additional data.
[0118]
The comparison result by the comparison unit 61 is sent to the land / groove height adjustment unit 62. Here, the land / groove height adjusting unit 62 serves as additional data control means for controlling additional data. The land groove height adjustment unit 62 controls the additional data in the composite digital data generation unit 59 based on the comparison result by the comparison unit 61 to correct the shape of the stepped portion, and the reproduction RF signal generation circuit 60 performs the reproduction. The data read from the calculated reflected light flux and the additional data are matched.
[0119]
The output of the synthesized digital data generation unit 59 is sent to the optical pickup device 25. The optical pickup device 25 functions as recording means for forming pits and stepped portions in the recording layer of the master disk 1a based on the synthesized data generated by the synthesized data generating means. That is, the optical pickup device 25 forms pits and stepped portions based on the composite data in the recording layer of the master disk 1a.
[0120]
In this disk-shaped recording medium manufacturing apparatus 90, as shown in FIG. 18, the optical pickup apparatus 25 includes an external laser oscillator (eg, He—Cd laser, Ar gas laser) 63 and the like in order to obtain a required optical output. It has a light modulator 64. The laser beam output from the external laser oscillator 63 is incident on the optical system 25a in the optical pickup device 25 via the light modulation unit 64 controlled based on the combined data, and is condensed on the recording layer of the master disk 1a. Is done.
[0121]
This disk-shaped recording medium manufacturing apparatus 90 has a rotation operation device 22 that holds and rotates the master disk 1a. The rotation operation device 22 has a spindle motor that rotates the master disk 1 a and is controlled by a system controller 24 via a spindle control circuit 23.
[0122]
The optical pickup device 25 is moved and operated over the inner and outer circumferences of the master disk 1a by a feed mechanism (not shown). This feed mechanism is controlled by the system controller 24 via a feed control circuit.
[0123]
Further, the disc-shaped recording medium manufacturing apparatus 90 includes a focus control circuit 46. The focus control circuit 46 is controlled by the system controller 24 based on the detection result of the reflected light by the photodetector of the optical pickup device 25 and performs focus adjustment in the optical pickup device 25. This focus adjustment is performed by controlling the movement of the objective lens of the optical pickup device 25 in the optical axis direction so that the position of the focal point of the laser beam emitted from the optical pickup device 25 is a predetermined value with respect to the signal recording surface of the master disk 1a. It is the control to be positioned.
[0124]
The disc-shaped recording medium manufacturing apparatus 90 includes a tracking control circuit 47. The tracking control circuit 47 is controlled by the system controller 24 based on the detection result of the reflected light by the photodetector of the optical pickup device 25 and performs tracking adjustment in the optical pickup device 25. In this tracking adjustment, the position of the focal point of the laser beam emitted from the optical pickup device 25 is controlled by moving the objective lens of the optical pickup device 25 in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis (the radial direction of the master disk 1a). The control is on the recording track of the master disk 1a.
[0125]
In the case of manufacturing a master disk for a two-layer disk, the reproduction RF signal generation circuit 60 assumes that the recording layer includes at least a first recording layer and a second recording layer, and a laser beam. Is calculated as focusing between the first and second recording layers. Then, the optical pickup device 25 forms pits and stepped portions to be formed in the first recording layer in the first recording layer of the master disk, and this second recording layer in the master disk. The pits and stepped portions to be formed in the second recording layer are formed.
[0126]
[Embodiment of recording apparatus]
Further, the recording device 95 in the present invention records each data on the disc-shaped recording medium 1 having the first recording layer in which basic data is recorded and the second recording layer in which additional data is recorded. It can be configured as an apparatus, and is basically configured in the same manner as the disk-shaped recording medium manufacturing apparatus 90 shown in FIG.
[0127]
The reproduction information generated by the predetermined processing based on the basic data and the additional data becomes higher quality information than the basic information generated from the basic data.
[0128]
In the recording device 95, as shown in FIG. 19, the basic information is encoded in the first layer recording digital data input unit 53 functioning as an encoding means. In this recording apparatus, the additional data (second layer recording signal) is input from the outside via the analog data input unit 55.
[0129]
The output from the first layer recording digital data input unit 53 is sent to an error correction encoding circuit 56. The encoded signal error-corrected by the error correction encoding circuit 56 is sent to the EFM modulation circuit 57, subjected to EFM modulation, and sent to the sub-coding circuit 58. The data to which the subcode is added in the subcoding circuit 58 becomes basic data (first layer recording signal).
[0130]
The additional data (second layer recording signal) may be converted into a digital signal through an encoding circuit similar to the basic data.
[0131]
The basic data is sent to the optical pickup device 25 that functions as the first recording means. The optical pickup device 25 irradiates the first recording layer of the disc-shaped recording medium 1 with a light beam, and records basic data on the first recording layer. That is, the optical pickup device 25 records basic data as digital data having a predetermined length of channel bits along a recording track formed on the first recording layer.
[0132]
Here, the basic data may be recorded on the first recording layer by the optical pickup device 25 by changing the magnetization direction of the first recording layer, and pits are formed on the first recording layer. It may be.
[0133]
The additional data is sent to the optical pickup device 25 that functions as the second recording means. The optical pickup device 25 irradiates the second recording layer of the disc-shaped recording medium 1 with a light beam, and records additional data on the second recording layer. The optical pickup device 25 applies a channel bit having a predetermined length shorter than the channel bit of analog data or basic data along the recording track formed on the second recording layer to the second recording layer. Additional data is recorded as digital data.
[0134]
Here, the recording of the additional data on the second recording layer by the optical pickup device 25 changes the magnetization direction of the second recording layer when the recording of the basic data on the first recording layer is due to the formation of pits. It is also possible to change the transmittance of the second recording layer.
[0135]
In the case where additional data is recorded by changing the magnetization direction of the second recording layer, the optical pickup device 25 adjusts the optical output to adjust at least two different areas with respect to the second recording layer. Additional data can be recorded using a magneto-optical spot having
[0136]
The additional data is recorded on the second recording layer by changing the transmittance of the second recording layer when the basic data is recorded on the first recording layer due to a change in the magnetization direction. In this case, it is assumed that the second recording layer includes an organic dye or includes a crystal, and corresponds to additional data, a bright portion (a portion having a high transmittance) and a dark portion ( A portion having a low transmittance is formed.
[0137]
[First Embodiment of Semiconductor Device]
The recording medium in the present invention can also be configured as a semiconductor device. As shown in FIG. 20, the semiconductor device 85 includes a data recording unit 65 and a processing unit 66. The data recording unit 65 includes a plurality of data recording units. That is, the data recording unit 65 includes a basic data recording unit 67 that records basic information input from the input unit, an additional data recording unit 68 that records additional data serving as additional information for the basic information, and a processing unit 66. And a calculation data recording unit 69 for recording the encoded calculation data.
[0138]
In the semiconductor device 85, basic information is input from the input unit 70 and is recorded in the basic data recording unit 67 as basic data. The processing unit 66 performs predetermined signal processing based on the basic data and the additional data recorded in the additional data recording unit 68. The selection of additional data and the selection of signal processing in the processing unit 66 are controlled via the additional information selection unit 72 and the signal processing selection unit 73 according to the external selection signal input from the external selection input unit 71.
[0139]
The processing unit 66 is a circuit that performs “class classification adaptive processing” to be described later, and includes a blocking circuit 74 that receives basic data and blocks it as shown in FIG. The blocked basic data output from the blocking circuit 74 is sent to the class classification circuit 75 and also sent to the first, second to nth arithmetic circuits 76a, 76b,... 76n. The class classification circuit 75 classifies the basic data sent in blocks, and controls the additional data recording unit 68 of the data recording unit 65 based on the result. From the additional data recording unit 68, predetermined additional data is sent to the arithmetic circuits 76a, 76b,... 76n in accordance with the control by the class classification circuit 75 and the control of the additional information selection unit 72 according to the external selection signal. The arithmetic circuit selected by the signal processing selection unit 73 in response to the external selection signal among the arithmetic circuits 76a, 76b,... 76n, sends the transmitted additional data to the basic data that has been sent to the block. The calculation is performed as a coefficient, and the calculation data is sent to the calculation data recording unit 69 of the data recording unit 65.
[0140]
The calculation data stored in the calculation data recording unit 69 is appropriately output to the outside via an output unit 77 a connected to the calculation data recording unit 69.
[0141]
In other words, the “class classification adaptive processing” classifies the basic data that has been made into blocks, and performs processing using the additional data corresponding to the classified classes as a coefficient. This content will be described later. The calculation data output from the processing unit 66 in this way is data corresponding to higher quality information with respect to the basic information.
[0142]
In this semiconductor device 85, the basic information can be video information as in the above-described disk-shaped recording medium. In this case, the calculation data can be data corresponding to video information having higher resolution than the basic information or improved gradation characteristics. Further, the calculation data can be data corresponding to video information from which noise is removed rather than basic information. Furthermore, the calculation data can be data corresponding to video information whose temporal resolution is improved over the basic information. For example, when the resolution of the video signal is increased, the resolution is selected according to the input information to the external selection input unit 71. Additional data corresponding to these functions is used.
[0143]
Further, the processing unit 66 can be a circuit that detects a predetermined feature of the basic data and selects additional data. In this case, the feature of the basic data detected by the processing unit 66 is, for example, the amount of motion of the image. Then, the processing unit Vs. The corresponding coefficient can be read out.
[0144]
The calculation data can be data corresponding to information related to vibration generated by an external vibrator. Further, the calculation data can be data corresponding to information related to sound volume reproduced by an external sound reproduction device. Furthermore, the calculation data can be data corresponding to information related to air blowing performed by an external blower. That is, the signal processing in the processing unit 66 can take different forms according to various applications.
[0145]
[Second Embodiment of Semiconductor Device]
Further, as shown in FIG. 22, the semiconductor device 85 includes a data recording unit 65, a processing unit 66, and an input unit 70 to which basic data is input, and arithmetic data obtained by arithmetic processing in the processing unit 66 is received. You may comprise as what has the output part 77b output directly to the exterior. In addition, the input unit 70 may be input with the already encoded basic data from the outside, and has an encoding unit that encodes basic information into the basic data before the input unit 70. It may be.
[0146]
In this case, the calculation data obtained by the calculation processing in the processing unit 66 is output to the outside via the output unit 77b without being stored in the calculation data recording unit 69. That is, in the semiconductor device 85, the arithmetic processing in the processing unit 66 is performed immediately before outputting the arithmetic data when the arithmetic data is required. Other operations and contents are the same as those of the first embodiment of the semiconductor device described above.
[0147]
[Classification adaptive processing]
The contents of the “class classification adaptive process” performed in the playback device 80 and the semiconductor device 85 will be described below. In the following description, in order to clarify the contents of “class classification adaptive processing”, an example in which this “class classification adaptive processing” is performed on a video signal will be described. In the following description, an SD (Standard Definition) signal corresponds to the basic data in the present invention, and the processing for converting this SD signal into a HD (High Definition) signal having higher quality than the SD signal using the additional data is “class”. This is performed by “classification adaptive processing”.
[0148]
As basic data, data recorded on a recording medium and read from the recording medium is used. In the following description, the coefficient data is generated by the coefficient generation circuit. However, in the present invention, the coefficient data generated in advance by the coefficient generation circuit and recorded as additional data on the recording medium is read and used. .
[0149]
In the present invention, the basic data is recorded on the recording medium, and “coefficient seed data” described later is recorded on the recording medium as additional data. It is good also as producing | generating from "data" (additional data).
[0150]
This “class classification adaptive processing” will be described taking conversion of an SD signal into an HD signal as an example. As shown in FIG. 23, this “class classification adaptive processing” detects a spatial class and a motion class from pixel data of a tap corresponding to a target pixel of an HD signal selectively extracted from an SD signal, and the HD signal The class code CL indicating the class of the target pixel is obtained, additional data of each class is generated, and stored in the coefficient memory 68 included in the data recording unit 65. The coefficient memory 68 corresponds to the additional data recording unit 68.
[0151]
Then, tap data xi corresponding to the target pixel of the HD signal, which is selectively extracted from the SD signal by the tap selection circuit 121 by the arithmetic circuit 127, and additional data read by the class code CL from the coefficient memory 68. The pixel data of the target pixel of the HD signal is calculated from Wi using an estimation formula. Note that the coefficient type data of each class is stored in the memory bank 135.
[0152]
The “class classification adaptation process” will be described below with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 23, the playback apparatus 100 that performs this “class classification adaptive process” obtains a 525i signal as an SD (Standard Definition) signal that is basic data read from a recording medium, and converts the 525i signal to HD ( High Definition) signal is converted into a 525p signal or 1050i signal, and an image based on the 525p signal or 1050i signal is displayed.
[0153]
Here, the 525i signal means an interlaced video signal with 525 lines, the 525p signal means a progressive (non-interlaced) video signal with 525 lines, and 1050i. The signal means an interlaced video signal having 1050 lines.
[0154]
The playback device 100 includes a microcomputer and has a system controller 101 for controlling the operation of the entire system.
[0155]
In addition, the playback apparatus 100 has an input unit 107 to which an SD signal Va (525i signal) is input, and the SD signal Va is input via the input unit 70, and a basic for temporarily storing the SD signal Va. A buffer memory 67 corresponding to the data recording unit 67; In addition, the playback device 100 includes a processing unit 66 that converts an SD signal (525i signal) temporarily stored in the buffer memory 67 into an HD signal (525p signal or 1050i signal), and outputs from the processing unit 66. An image based on the HD signal output via the unit 77b is displayed on the display unit 111. As the display unit 111, for example, a CRT (cathode-ray tube) display or a flat panel display such as an LCD (liquid crystal display) is used.
[0156]
The SD signal (525i signal) input from the input unit 107 is stored in the buffer memory 67 and temporarily saved. The SD signal temporarily stored in the buffer memory 67 is supplied to the processing unit 66 and converted into an HD signal (525p signal or 1050i signal). In other words, the processing unit 66 obtains pixel data (hereinafter referred to as “HD pixel data”) constituting the HD signal from pixel data (hereinafter referred to as “SD pixel data”) constituting the SD signal. The HD signal output from the processing unit 66 is supplied to the display unit 111, and an image based on the HD signal is displayed on the screen of the display unit 111.
[0157]
Next, details of the processing unit 66 will be described with reference to FIG. The processing unit 66 selectively selects data of a plurality of SD pixels located around the target pixel related to the HD signal (1050i signal or 525p signal) from the SD signal (525i signal) stored in the buffer memory 67. It has first to third tap selection circuits 121 to 123 for taking out and outputting.
[0158]
The first tap selection circuit 121 selectively extracts data of SD pixels (referred to as “prediction taps”) used for prediction. The second tap selection circuit 122 selectively extracts data of SD pixels (referred to as “space class taps”) used for class classification corresponding to the level distribution pattern of the SD pixel data. The third tap selection circuit 123 selectively extracts data of SD pixels (referred to as “motion class taps”) used for class classification corresponding to motion.
[0159]
When the space class is determined using SD pixel data belonging to a plurality of fields, motion information is also included in this space class.
[0160]
FIG. 24 shows the pixel positional relationship of the odd (o) field of a certain frame (F) of the 525i signal and the 525p signal. A large dot is a 525i signal pixel, and a small dot is a 525p signal pixel. In the even (e) field, the lines of the 525i signal are spatially shifted by 0.5 lines. As can be seen from FIG. 24, the pixel data of the 525p signal includes line data L1 at the same position as the line of the 525i signal and line data L2 at an intermediate position between the upper and lower lines of the 525i signal. The number of pixels in each line of the 525p signal is twice the number of pixels in each line of the 525i signal.
[0161]
FIG. 25 shows the pixel position relationship of a frame (F) in which a 525i signal and a 1050i signal are present. The pixel position of an odd (o) field is indicated by a solid line, and the pixel position of an even (e) field is indicated by a broken line. ing. A large dot is a 525i signal pixel, and a small dot is a 1050i signal pixel. As can be seen from FIG. 25, the pixel data of the 1050i signal includes line data L1 and L1 ′ at positions close to the line of the 525i signal and line data L2 and L2 ′ at positions far from the line of the 525i signal. Here, L1 and L2 are line data of odd fields, and L1 'and L2' are line data of even fields. The number of pixels in each line of the 1050i signal is twice the number of pixels in each line of the 525i signal.
[0162]
26 and 27 show specific examples of prediction taps (SD pixels) selected by the first tap selection circuit 121 when converting from a 525i signal to a 525p signal. FIG. 26 and FIG. 27 show the pixel positional relationship in the vertical direction of odd (o) and even (e) fields of temporally continuous frames F-1, F, F + 1.
[0163]
As shown in FIG. 26, prediction taps for predicting the line data L1 and L2 of the field F / o are included in the next field F / e, and are for the pixel (target pixel) of the 525p signal to be created. Spatally neighboring SD pixels T1, T2, T3, and SD pixels T4, T5, T6 spatially neighboring the 525p signal pixel to be created included in the field F / o, SD pixels T7, T8, T9 spatially adjacent to the pixel of the 525p signal to be created included in the field F-1 / e, and further included in the previous field F-1 / o This is the SD pixel T10 spatially adjacent to the pixel of the power 525p signal.
[0164]
As shown in FIG. 27, prediction taps for predicting the line data L1 and L2 of the field F / e are included in the next field F + 1 / o and are spatially applied to the pixels of the 525p signal to be created. SD pixels T1, T2, T3 in the neighboring positions, and SD pixels T4, T5, T6 spatially neighboring the pixels of the 525p signal to be created and included in the field F / e, and the previous field F SD pixels T7, T8, T9 spatially adjacent to the pixel of the 525p signal to be created and included in / o, and the pixel of the 525p signal to be created and included in the previous F-1 / e The SD pixel T10 is spatially adjacent to the SD pixel T10.
[0165]
When the line data L1 is predicted, the SD pixel T9 may not be selected as a prediction tap. On the other hand, when the line data L2 is predicted, the SD pixel T4 may not be selected as a prediction tap. .
[0166]
28 and 29 show specific examples of prediction taps (SD pixels) selected by the first tap selection circuit 121 when converting from a 525i signal to a 1050i signal. 28 and 29 show the pixel position relationship in the vertical direction of odd (o) and even (e) fields of temporally continuous frames F-1, F, and F + 1.
[0167]
As shown in FIG. 28, prediction taps for predicting the line data L1 and L2 of the field F / o are included in the next field F / e, and for the pixel (target pixel) of the 1050i signal to be created. Spatally neighboring SD pixels T1, T2, and SD pixels T3, T4, T5, T6 spatially neighboring the pixels of the 525p signal to be created included in the field F / o, SD pixels T7 and T8 which are included in the field F-1 / e and are spatially adjacent to the pixel of the 1050i signal to be created.
[0168]
As shown in FIG. 29, prediction taps for predicting the line data L1 ′ and L2 ′ of the field F / e are included in the next field F + 1 / o, and are for the pixels of the 1050ip signal to be created. Spatally neighboring SD pixels T1, T2, and SD pixels T3, T4, T5, T6 spatially neighboring the pixels of the 1050i signal to be created included in the field F / e, SD pixels T7 and T8 which are included in the field F / o and are spatially adjacent to the pixel of the 525p signal to be created.
[0169]
When predicting the line data L1 and L1 ′, the SD pixel T6 is not selected as a prediction tap. On the other hand, when predicting the line data L2 and L2 ′, the SD pixel T3 is selected as a prediction tap. You may make it not.
[0170]
Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 26 to 29, in addition to SD pixels at the same position in a plurality of fields, one or a plurality of SD pixels in the horizontal direction may be selected as a prediction tap.
[0171]
30 and 31 show specific examples of space class taps (SD pixels) selected by the second tap selection circuit 122 when converting from a 525i signal to a 525p signal. FIG. 30 and FIG. 31 show the pixel positional relationship in the vertical direction of the odd (o) and even (e) fields of the temporally continuous frames F-1, F, F + 1.
[0172]
As shown in FIG. 30, the space class tap for predicting the line data L1 and L2 of the field F / o is included in the next field F / e, and is for the pixel (target pixel) of the 525p signal to be created. Spatially adjacent SD pixels T1, T2 and SD pixels T3, T4, T5 spatially adjacent to the pixels of the 525p signal to be created and included in the field F / o, and the previous field SD pixels T6 and T7 which are included in F−1 / e and are spatially adjacent to the pixel of the 525p signal to be created.
[0173]
As shown in FIG. 31, the space class tap for predicting the line data L1 and L2 of the field F / e is included in the next field F + 1 / o, and is space for the pixel of the 525p signal to be created. SD pixels T1, T2, T2, T6 at neighboring positions, and SD pixels T3, T4, T5, T6 spatially neighboring with respect to the pixels of the 525p signal to be created and included in the field F / e, and the previous field SD pixels T6 and T7 that are included in F / o and are spatially adjacent to the pixel of the 525p signal to be created.
[0174]
When predicting the line data L1, the SD pixel T7 is not selected as a space class tap. On the other hand, when predicting the line data L2, the SD pixel T6 is not selected as a space class tap. Also good.
[0175]
32 and 33 show specific examples of space class taps (SD pixels) selected by the second tap selection circuit 122 when converting from a 525i signal to a 1050i signal. FIG. 32 and FIG. 33 show the pixel position relationship in the vertical direction of the odd (o) and even (e) fields of the temporally continuous frames F-1, F, and F + 1.
[0176]
As shown in FIG. 32, the space class tap for predicting the line data L1 and L2 of the field F / o is included in the field F / o and is a space for the pixel (target pixel) of the 1050i signal to be created. The SD pixels T4, T5, T6, which are spatially adjacent to the SD pixels T1, T2, T3 in the vicinity and the pixels of the 1050i signal to be created included in the previous field F-1 / e. T7.
[0177]
As shown in FIG. 33, the space class tap when predicting the line data L1 ′ and L2 ′ of the field F / e is included in the field F / e and spatially with respect to the pixel of the 1050i signal to be created. The neighboring SD pixels T1, T2, T3 and the SD pixels T4, T5, T6, T7 spatially adjacent to the pixels of the 1050i signal to be created included in the previous field F / o.
[0178]
When the line data L1 and L1 ′ are predicted, the SD pixel T7 is not selected as the space class tap. On the other hand, when the line data L2 and L2 ′ are predicted, the SD pixel T4 is selected as the space class tap. May not be selected.
[0179]
Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 30 to 33, one or a plurality of SD pixels in the horizontal direction may be selected as a space class tap in addition to the SD pixels at the same position in a plurality of fields.
[0180]
FIG. 34 shows a specific example of a motion class tap (SD pixel) selected by the third tap selection circuit 123 when converting from a 525i signal to a 525p signal. FIG. 34 shows the pixel positional relationship in the vertical direction of the odd (o) and even (e) fields of the frames F-1 and F that are temporally continuous. As shown in FIG. 34, the motion class tap for predicting the line data L1 and L2 of the field F / o is included in the next field F / e, and is for the pixel (target pixel) of the 525p signal to be created. Spatially neighboring SD pixels n2, n4, n6 and SD pixels n1, n3, n5 spatially neighboring the pixels of the 525p signal to be created included in the field F / o, The SD pixels m2, m4, and m6 that are spatially adjacent to the pixel of the 525p signal to be created, and further included in the previous field F-1 / o SD pixels m1, m3, and m5 that are spatially adjacent to the pixel of the 525p signal to be processed. The vertical positions of the SD pixels n1 to n6 are the same as the vertical positions of the SD pixels m1 to m6.
[0181]
FIG. 35 shows a specific example of a motion class tap (SD pixel) selected by the third tap selection circuit 123 when converting from a 525i signal to a 1050i signal. FIG. 35 shows the pixel positional relationship in the vertical direction of the odd (o) and even (e) fields of the frames F-1 and F that are temporally continuous. As shown in FIG. 35, the motion class tap when predicting the line data L1 and L2 of the field F / o is included in the next field F / e and spatially with respect to the pixel of the 1050i signal to be created. Neighboring SD pixels n2, n4, n6 and SD pixels n1, n3, n5 spatially neighboring the pixels of the 1050i signal to be created and included in the field F / o, and the previous field F− SD pixels m2, m4, m6 spatially adjacent to the pixels of the 1050i signal to be created included in 1 / e and the 1050i signal to be created included in the preceding field F-1 / o SD pixels m1, m3, and m5 spatially adjacent to the other pixels. The vertical positions of the SD pixels n1 to n6 are the same as the vertical positions of the SD pixels m1 to m6.
[0182]
Returning to FIG. 23, the processing unit 66 detects the level distribution pattern of the space class tap data (SD pixel data) selectively extracted by the second tap selection circuit 122, and based on the level distribution pattern. And a space class detection circuit 124 for detecting the space class and outputting the class information.
[0183]
In the space class detection circuit 124, for example, an operation is performed to compress each SD pixel data from 8-bit data to 2-bit data. The space class detection circuit 124 outputs compressed data corresponding to each SD pixel data as class information of the space class. In the present embodiment, data compression is performed by “ADRC” (Adaptive Dynamic Range Coding). In addition to “ADRC”, “DPCM” (predictive coding), “VQ” (vector quantization), or the like may be used as the information compression means.
[0184]
Originally, "ADRC" is an adaptive requantization method developed for high-performance coding for VTR (Video Tape Recorder), but it can efficiently express local patterns of signal level with a short word length. It is suitable for use in the data compression described above. When “ADRC” is used, the maximum value of space class tap data (SD pixel data) is MAX, the minimum value is MIN, the dynamic range of space class tap data is DR (= MAX−MIN + 1), and requantization is performed. When the number of bits is P, the requantized code Qi as compressed data is obtained by the calculation of the equation (1) for each SD pixel data ki as the space class tap data. However, in the expression (1), [] means a truncation process. When there are Na SD pixel data as the space class tap data, i = 1 to Na.
[0185]
Qi = [(ki-MIN + 0.5). 2P / DR] (1)
The processing unit 66 detects a motion class mainly representing the degree of motion from the motion class tap data (SD pixel data) selectively extracted by the third tap selection circuit 123, and class information thereof. Has a motion class detection circuit 125.
[0186]
In the motion class detection circuit 125, the inter-frame difference is calculated from the motion class tap data (SD pixel data) mi, ni selectively extracted by the third tap selection circuit 123, and the average of absolute values of the differences is calculated. Threshold processing is performed on the value, and a motion class that is an index of motion is detected. That is, in the motion class detection circuit 125, the average value AV of the absolute value of the difference is calculated by the equation (2). For example, when 12 pieces of SD pixel data m1 to m6 and n1 to n6 are extracted by the third tap selection circuit 123 as described above, Nb in the expression (2) is 6.
[0187]
[Expression 1]

[0188]
Then, in the motion class detection circuit 125, the average value AV calculated as described above is compared with one or a plurality of threshold values to obtain class information MV of the motion class. For example, three thresholds th1, th2, th3 (th1 <th2 <th3) are prepared, and when four motion classes are detected, when AV ≦ th1, MV = 0 and th1 <AV ≦ th2 When MV = 1 and th2 <AV ≦ th3, MV = 2, and when th3 <AV, MV = 3.
[0189]
The processing unit 66 creates the re-quantization code Qi as the class information of the space class output from the space class detection circuit 124 and the motion class class information MV output from the motion class detection circuit 125. A class synthesis circuit 126 is provided for obtaining a class code CL indicating a class to which a pixel (target pixel) of a power HD signal (525p signal or 1050i signal) belongs.
[0190]
In the class synthesis circuit 126, the calculation of the class code CL is performed by the equation (3). In equation (3), Na represents the number of space class tap data (SD pixel data), and P represents the number of requantization bits in “ADRC”.
[0191]
[Expression 2]

[0192]
The processing unit 66 includes registers 130 to 133 and a coefficient memory 68. The line-sequential conversion circuit 129 described later needs to switch its operation between outputting a 525p signal and outputting a 1050i signal. The register 130 stores operation designation information for designating the operation of the line sequential conversion circuit 129. The line sequential conversion circuit 129 operates in accordance with the operation designation information supplied from the register 130.
[0193]
The register 131 stores tap position information of the prediction tap selected by the first tap selection circuit 121. The first tap selection circuit 121 selects a prediction tap according to the tap position information supplied from the register 131. In the tap position information, for example, a plurality of SD pixels that may be selected are numbered, and the number of the selected SD pixel is designated. The same applies to the following tap position information.
[0194]
The register 132 stores tap position information of the space class tap selected by the second tap selection circuit 122. The second tap selection circuit 122 selects a space class tap according to the tap position information supplied from the register 132.
[0195]
Here, the register 132 stores tap position information A when the movement is relatively small and tap position information B when the movement is relatively large. Which of the tap position information A and B is supplied to the second tap selection circuit 122 is selected by the class information MV of the motion class output from the motion class detection circuit 125.
[0196]
That is, when MV = 0 or MV = 1 because there is no movement or the movement is small, the tap position information A is supplied to the second tap selection circuit 122, and the second tap selection circuit 122 The space class tap to be selected extends over a plurality of fields as shown in FIGS. Further, when MV = 2 or MV = 3 because the movement is relatively large, the tap position information B is supplied to the second tap selection circuit 122, and the space selected by the second tap selection circuit 122. Although not shown, the class tap is only an SD pixel in the same field as the pixel to be created.
[0197]
Note that the tap position information supplied to the first tap selection circuit 121 is also stored in the above-described register 131 so that the tap position information when the movement is relatively small and the tap position information when the movement is relatively large are stored. The information may be selected by the class information MV of the motion class output from the motion class detection circuit 125.
[0198]
The register 133 stores tap position information of the motion class tap selected by the third tap selection circuit 123. The third tap selection circuit 123 selects a motion class tap according to the tap position information supplied from the register 133.
[0199]
Further, the coefficient memory 68 stores additional data of the estimation formula used in the estimated prediction calculation circuit 127 described later for each class. This additional data is information for converting a 525i signal as an SD signal into a 525p signal or a 1050i signal as an HD signal.
[0200]
The coefficient memory 68 is supplied with the class code CL output from the class synthesizing circuit 126 as read address information, and additional data corresponding to the class code CL is read from the coefficient memory 68, and the estimated prediction calculation circuit. 127 to be supplied.
[0201]
Further, the processing unit 66 has an information memory bank 135. In the information memory bank 135, operation designation information for storing in the register 130 and tap position information for storing in the registers 131 to 133 are stored in advance.
[0202]
Here, as the operation designation information to be stored in the register 130, the information memory bank 135 has the first operation designation information for causing the line sequential conversion circuit 129 to operate so as to output the 525p signal, and the line sequential conversion. Second operation designation information for causing the circuit 129 to operate so as to output a 1050i signal is stored in advance.
[0203]
The information memory bank 135 also includes first tap position information corresponding to the first conversion method (525p) and second conversion method (1050i) as tap position information of the prediction tap to be stored in the register 131. ) Is stored in advance. From the information memory bank 135, the first tap position information or the second tap position information is loaded into the register 131 according to the selection information of the conversion method described above.
[0204]
Further, in the information memory bank 135, as tap position information of the space class tap to be stored in the register 132, the first tap position information corresponding to the first conversion method (525p) and the second conversion method ( The second tap position information corresponding to 1050i) is stored in advance. The first and second tap position information includes tap position information when the movement is relatively small and tap position information when the movement is relatively large. From the information memory bank 135, the first tap position information or the second tap position information is loaded into the register 132 in accordance with the selection information of the conversion method described above.
[0205]
Further, in the information memory bank 135, as tap position information of the motion class tap to be stored in the register 133, the first tap position information corresponding to the first conversion method (525p) and the second conversion method ( The second tap position information corresponding to 1050i) is stored in advance. The first tap position information or the second tap position information is loaded from the information memory bank 135 into the register 133 according to the selection information of the conversion method described above.
[0206]
In addition, in the information memory bank 135, coefficient seed data of each class corresponding to each of the first and second conversion methods is stored in advance. The coefficient seed data is additional data of a generation formula for generating additional data to be stored in the coefficient memory 68 described above.
[0207]
In the estimated prediction calculation circuit 127 described later, the HD pixel data y to be generated is calculated from the prediction tap data (SD pixel data) xi and the additional data Wi read from the coefficient memory 68 by the estimation formula (4). Calculated. When the number of prediction taps selected by the first tap selection circuit 121 is 10 as shown in FIGS. 24 and 27, n in the equation (4) is 10.
[0208]
[Equation 3]

[0209]
Then, the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n) of this estimation formula is input from the outside as shown in the formula (5), or is generated by a generation formula including parameters h and v set in advance. . In the information memory bank 135, coefficient seed data w10 to wn9, which are additional data of this generation formula, are stored for each conversion method and for each class. A method for generating the coefficient seed data will be described later.
[0210]
[Expression 4]

[0211]
Further, the processing unit 66 uses the coefficient seed data of each class and the values of the parameters h and v, and uses the equation (5) to add additional data Wi ( A coefficient generation circuit 136 for generating i = 1 to n) is included. The coefficient generation circuit 136 is loaded with coefficient seed data of each class corresponding to the first conversion method or the second conversion method from the information memory bank 135 in accordance with the conversion method selection information described above. The coefficient generation circuit 136 is supplied with values of parameters h and v from the system controller 101.
[0212]
The additional data Wi (i = 1 to n) of each class generated by the coefficient generation circuit 136 is stored in the coefficient memory 68 described above. The generation of the additional data Wi of each class in the coefficient generation circuit 136 is performed, for example, in each vertical blanking period. Thereby, even if the values of the parameters h and v are changed, the additional data Wi of each class stored in the coefficient memory 68 can be immediately changed to the data corresponding to the values of the parameters h and v, and the resolution can be adjusted. Is done smoothly.
[0213]
Further, the processing unit 66 calculates a normalization coefficient S corresponding to the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n) of each class generated by the coefficient generation circuit 136 according to the equation (6). 137 and a normalization coefficient memory 138 that stores the normalization coefficient S generated here for each class. The normalization coefficient memory 138 is supplied with the class code CL output from the above class synthesis circuit 126 as read address information, and the normalization coefficient S corresponding to the class code CL is read from the normalization coefficient memory 138. This is supplied to the normalization operation circuit 128 described later.
[0214]
[Equation 5]

[0215]
Further, the processing unit 66 uses the prediction tap data (SD pixel data) xi selectively extracted by the first tap selection circuit 121 and the additional data Wi read from the coefficient memory 68 to generate the HD signal to be generated. It has an estimated prediction calculation circuit 127 that calculates pixel (target pixel) data.
[0216]
In the estimated prediction calculation circuit 127, when outputting the 525p signal, as shown in FIG. 24, the line data L1 at the same position as the line of the 525i signal in the odd (o) field and the even (e) field, It is necessary to generate line data L2 at an intermediate position between the upper and lower lines of the 525i signal and to double the number of pixels in each line. In addition, when the 1050i signal is output in the estimated prediction calculation circuit 127, as shown in FIG. 25 described above, the line data L1 at a position close to the line of the 525i signal in the odd (o) field and the even (e) field. , L1 ′ and line data L2, L2 ′ at positions far from the line of the 525i signal, and the number of pixels in each line needs to be doubled.
[0217]
Therefore, in the estimated prediction calculation circuit 127, data of four pixels constituting the HD signal are generated simultaneously. For example, the data of four pixels are generated simultaneously using estimation formulas having different additional data, and additional data of each estimation formula is supplied from the coefficient memory 68. Here, in the estimated prediction calculation circuit 127, the HD pixel to be created from the prediction tap data (SD pixel data) xi and the additional data Wi read from the coefficient memory 68 by the above-described estimation formula (4). Data y is calculated.
[0218]
Further, the processing unit 66 reads out the HD pixel data y constituting the line data L1, L2 (L1 ′, L2 ′) output from the estimated prediction calculation circuit 127 from the normalization coefficient memory 138, and each of them is read out. A normalization operation circuit 128 that performs normalization by dividing by the normalization coefficient S corresponding to the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n) used for generation is provided. Although not described above, the coefficient generation circuit 136 obtains the additional data of the estimation formula from the coefficient seed data by the generation formula. However, the generated additional data includes a rounding error and includes the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n). There is no guarantee that the sum will be 1.0. Therefore, the HD pixel data y calculated by the estimated prediction calculation circuit 127 changes in level due to a rounding error. As described above, normalization by the normalization arithmetic circuit 128 can eliminate the fluctuation.
[0219]
In addition, the processing unit 66 performs line double speed processing for halving the horizontal period, and line data L1, L2 (L1 ′, L2) supplied from the estimated prediction calculation circuit 127 via the normalization calculation circuit 128. A line-sequential conversion circuit 129 for line-sequentializing ').
[0220]
FIG. 36 shows line double speed processing when outputting a 525p signal using an analog waveform. As described above, the estimated prediction calculation circuit 127 generates line data L1 and L2. The line data L1 includes lines a1, a2, a3,... In order, and the line data L2 includes lines b1, b2, b3,. The line-sequential conversion circuit 129 compresses the data of each line by ½ in the time axis direction, and alternately selects the compressed data, thereby generating line-sequential outputs a0, b0, a1, b1,. Form.
[0221]
When outputting a 1050i signal, the line-sequential conversion circuit 129 generates a line-sequential output so that the interlaced relationship is satisfied in the odd and even fields. Therefore, the line sequential conversion circuit 129 needs to switch its operation between outputting a 525p signal and outputting a 1050i signal. The operation designation information is supplied from the register 130 as described above.
[0222]
Next, the operation of the processing unit 66 will be described with reference to FIG.
[0223]
From the SD signal (525i signal) stored in the buffer memory 67, the second tap selection circuit 122 selectively extracts the space class tap data (SD pixel data). In this case, the second tap selection circuit 122 performs tap selection based on the pre-selected conversion method supplied from the register 132 and tap position information corresponding to the motion class detected by the motion class detection circuit 125. A selection is made.
[0224]
The space class tap data (SD pixel data) selectively extracted by the second tap selection circuit 122 is supplied to the space class detection circuit 124. In this space class detection circuit 124, each of the SD pixel data as space class tap data is subjected to ADRC processing and re-used as class information of the space class (mainly class classification for waveform expression in space). A quantization code Qi is obtained (see equation (1)).
[0225]
The third tap selection circuit 123 selectively extracts motion class tap data (SD pixel data) from the SD signal (525i signal) stored in the buffer memory 67. In this case, the third tap selection circuit 123 performs tap selection based on the tap position information supplied from the register 133 and corresponding to the conversion method selected in advance.
[0226]
The motion class tap data (SD pixel data) selectively extracted by the third tap selection circuit 123 is supplied to the motion class detection circuit 125. In this motion class detection circuit 125, class information MV of a motion class (mainly class classification for representing the degree of motion) is obtained from each SD pixel data as motion class tap data.
[0227]
This motion information MV and the above-described requantization code Qi are supplied to the class synthesis circuit 126. In the class synthesis circuit 126, a class code CL indicating a class to which a pixel (target pixel) of an HD signal (525p signal or 1050i signal) to be created belongs is obtained from the motion information MV and the requantization code Qi ( (See equation (3)). The class code CL is supplied to the coefficient memory 68 and the normalized coefficient memory 138 as read address information.
[0228]
In the coefficient memory 68, for example, in each vertical blanking period, additional data Wi (i = 1 to n) of estimation equations of each class corresponding to the values of the parameters h and v set in advance and the conversion method are stored in the coefficient generation circuit. Generated at 136 and stored. In the normalization coefficient memory 138, the normalization coefficient S corresponding to the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n) of each class generated by the coefficient generation circuit 136 as described above is stored in the normalization coefficient generation circuit 137. Generated and stored.
[0229]
As described above, the class code CL is supplied to the coefficient memory 68 as read address information, whereby the additional data Wi corresponding to the class code CL is read from the coefficient memory 68 and supplied to the estimated prediction calculation circuit 127. . In addition, prediction tap data (SD pixel data) is selectively extracted by the first tap selection circuit 121 from the SD signal (525i signal) stored in the buffer memory 67. In this case, the first tap selection circuit 121 performs tap selection based on the tap position information supplied from the register 131 and corresponding to the conversion method selected in advance. The prediction tap data (SD pixel data) xi selectively extracted by the first tap selection circuit 121 is supplied to the estimated prediction calculation circuit 127.
[0230]
In the estimated prediction calculation circuit 127, data (HD pixel data) y of the pixel (target pixel) of the HD signal to be generated from the prediction tap data (SD pixel data) xi and the additional data Wi read from the coefficient memory 68. Is calculated (see equation (4)). In this case, data of four pixels constituting the HD signal are generated simultaneously.
[0231]
Thus, when the first conversion method for outputting the 525p signal is selected, the line data L1 at the same position as the line of the 525i signal and the 525i signal in the odd (o) field and the even (e) field are selected. Line data L2 at an intermediate position between the upper and lower lines is generated (see FIG. 24). When the second conversion method for outputting the 1050i signal is selected, the line data L1, L1 'near the line of the 525i signal and the 525i in the odd (o) field and the even (e) field. Line data L2 and L2 'at positions far from the signal line are generated (see FIG. 25).
[0232]
In this way, the line data L1, L2 (L1 ′, L2 ′) generated by the estimated prediction calculation circuit 127 is supplied to the normalization calculation circuit 128. As described above, the class code CL is supplied to the normalization coefficient memory 138 as the read address information, so that the normalization coefficient S corresponding to the class code CL, that is, an output from the estimated prediction calculation circuit 127 is output from the normalization coefficient memory 138. The normalization coefficient S corresponding to the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n) used to generate the HD pixel data y constituting the line data L1, L2 (L1 ′, L2 ′) to be read is read out This is supplied to the estimated prediction calculation circuit 127. In the normalization arithmetic circuit 128, each HD pixel data y constituting the line data L1, L2 (L1 ′, L2 ′) output from the estimated prediction arithmetic circuit 127 is divided by the corresponding normalization coefficient S to be normalized. Is done. As a result, the level fluctuation of the information data of the point of interest due to the rounding error when the additional data of the estimation formula (see formula (4)) is obtained by the generation formula (see formula (5)) using the coefficient seed data is eliminated.
[0233]
Thus, the line data L1, L2 (L1 ′, L2 ′) normalized by the normalization operation circuit 128 is supplied to the line sequential conversion circuit 129. In the line-sequential conversion circuit 129, the line data L1, L2 (L1 ′, L2 ′) is line-sequentially generated to generate an HD signal. In this case, the line-sequential conversion circuit 129 operates according to the operation instruction information supplied from the register 130 and corresponding to the conversion method selected in advance. For this reason, when the first conversion method (525p) is selected, the line-sequential conversion circuit 129 outputs a 525p signal. On the other hand, when the second conversion method (1050i) is selected, the line-sequential conversion circuit 129 outputs a 1050i signal.
[0234]
As described above, the coefficient generation circuit 136 uses the coefficient seed data loaded from the information memory bank 135, and for each class, additional data Wi (i = 1 to 1) of the estimation formula corresponding to the values of the parameters h and v. n) is generated and stored in the coefficient memory 68. Then, the HD pixel data y is calculated by the estimated prediction calculation circuit 127 using the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n) read from the coefficient memory 68 corresponding to the class code CL. Therefore, by adjusting the values of the parameters h and v, the horizontal and vertical image quality of the image obtained by the HD signal can be adjusted. In this case, additional data of each class corresponding to the adjusted values of the parameters h and v is generated and used by the coefficient generation circuit 136 each time, and a memory for storing a large amount of additional data is used. do not need.
[0235]
As described above, coefficient seed data is stored in the information memory bank 135 for each conversion method and for each class. This coefficient seed data is generated by learning in advance.
[0236]
First, an example of this generation method will be described. An example of obtaining coefficient seed data w10 to wn9, which is additional data in the generation formula of formula (5), is shown.
[0237]
Here, for the following explanation, ti (i = 0 to 9) is defined as in the equation (7).
[0238]
t0 = 1, t1 = v, t2 = h, t3 = v2, t4 = vh, t5 = h2, t6 = v3, t7 = v2h, t8 = vh2, t9 = h3 (7)
Using this equation (7), equation (5) can be rewritten as equation (8).
[0239]
[Formula 6]

[0240]
Finally, the undetermined coefficient wxy is obtained by learning. That is, for each conversion method and class, a coefficient value that minimizes the square error is determined using a plurality of SD pixel data and HD pixel data. This is a so-called least square method. Assuming that the learning number is m, the residual in the kth (1 ≦ k ≦ m) learning data is ek, and the sum of squared errors is E, using Equations (4) and (5), E is (9) It is expressed by a formula. Here, xik represents the kth pixel data at the i-th predicted tap position of the SD image, and yk represents the corresponding pixel data of the kth HD image.
[0241]
[Expression 7]

[0242]
In the solution by the least square method, wxy is obtained such that the partial differentiation by wxy in equation (9) becomes zero. This is shown by equation (10).
[0243]
[Equation 8]

[0244]
Hereinafter, when Xipjq and Yip are defined as in Expressions (11) and (12), Expression (10) is rewritten as Expression (13) using a matrix.
[0245]
[Equation 9]

[0246]
[Expression 10]

[0247]
This equation is generally called a normal equation. This normal equation is solved for wxy using a sweep-out method (Gauss-Jordan elimination method) or the like, and coefficient seed data is calculated.
[0248]
FIG. 37 shows the concept of the above-described coefficient seed data generation method. A plurality of SD signals are generated from the HD signal. For example, a total of 81 types of SD signals are generated by varying the parameters h and v for varying the horizontal band and vertical band of the filter used when generating the SD signal from the HD signal in 9 stages. Learning is performed between the plurality of SD signals generated in this way and the HD signal to generate coefficient seed data.
[0249]
FIG. 38 shows a configuration of a coefficient seed data generation device 150 that generates coefficient seed data based on the above-described concept.
[0250]
The coefficient seed data generation device 150 performs input processing of an HD signal (525p signal / 1050i signal) as a teacher signal, and performs horizontal and vertical thinning processing on the HD signal as an input signal. And an SD signal generation circuit 152 for obtaining the SD signal.
[0251]
The SD signal generation circuit 152 is supplied with a conversion method selection signal as a control signal. When the first conversion method (a 525p signal is obtained from a 525i signal by the processing unit 66 in FIG. 23) is selected, the SD signal generation circuit 152 performs a thinning process on the 525p signal to generate an SD signal. (See FIG. 24). On the other hand, when the second conversion method (a 1050i signal is obtained from a 525i signal by the processing unit 66 in FIG. 23) is selected, the SD signal generation circuit 152 performs a thinning process on the 1050i signal to generate an SD signal. (See FIG. 25).
[0252]
The SD signal generation circuit 152 is supplied with parameters h and v as control signals. Corresponding to the parameters h and v, the horizontal band and the vertical band of the filter used when generating the SD signal from the HD signal are varied. Here, some examples of the details of the filter will be shown.
[0253]
For example, it can be considered that the filter is composed of a band filter for limiting the horizontal band and a band filter for limiting the vertical band. In this case, as shown in FIG. 39, a frequency characteristic corresponding to the stepped value of the parameter h or v is designed by designing a frequency characteristic corresponding to the stepped value of the parameter h or v, and performing an inverse Fourier transform. Can be obtained.
[0254]
For example, it is conceivable that the filter is composed of a one-dimensional Gaussian filter that limits the horizontal band and a one-dimensional Gaussian filter that limits the vertical band. This one-dimensional Gaussian filter is expressed by equation (14). In this case, a one-dimensional Gaussian filter having a frequency characteristic corresponding to the step value of the parameter h or v is obtained by changing the value of the standard deviation σ stepwise corresponding to the step value of the parameter h or v. Obtainable.
[0255]
[Expression 11]

[0256]
Further, for example, it is conceivable that the filter is constituted by a two-dimensional filter F (h, v) in which horizontal and vertical frequency characteristics are determined by both parameters h and v. This two-dimensional filter generation method, like the above-described one-dimensional filter, designs a two-dimensional frequency characteristic corresponding to the stepwise values of the parameters h and v, and performs a two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform to thereby create a parameter. A two-dimensional filter having a two-dimensional frequency characteristic corresponding to the stepwise values of h and v can be obtained.
[0257]
In addition, the coefficient seed data generation device 150 uses a SD signal (525i signal) output from the SD signal generation circuit 152 to generate a plurality of SD pixels located around the target pixel related to the HD signal (1050i signal or 525p signal). First to third tap selection circuits 153 to 155 for selectively extracting and outputting data are provided.
[0258]
The first to third tap selection circuits 153 to 155 are configured similarly to the first to third tap selection circuits 121 to 123 of the processing unit 66 described above. The taps selected by the first to third tap selection circuits 153 to 155 are specified by tap position information from the tap selection control unit 156.
[0259]
The tap selection control circuit 156 is supplied with a conversion method selection signal as a control signal. The tap position information supplied to the first to third tap selection circuits 153 to 155 is different depending on whether the first conversion method is selected or the second conversion method is selected. . The tap selection control circuit 156 is supplied with motion class class information MV output from a motion class detection circuit 158 described later. As a result, the tap position information supplied to the second tap selection circuit 154 is displayed. News movement It is made different depending on whether it is large or small.
[0260]
The coefficient seed data generation device 150 detects the level distribution pattern of the space class tap data (SD pixel data) selectively extracted by the second tap selection circuit 154, and the space class based on the level distribution pattern. And a space class detection circuit 157 for outputting the class information. The space class detection circuit 157 is configured in the same manner as the space class detection circuit 124 of the processing unit 66 described above. From the space class detection circuit 157, a requantization code Qi for each SD pixel data as space class tap data is output as class information indicating a space class.
[0261]
The coefficient seed data generation device 150 detects a motion class mainly representing the degree of motion from the motion class tap data (SD pixel data) selectively extracted by the third tap selection circuit 155, A motion class detection circuit 158 that outputs the class information MV is provided. The motion class detection circuit 158 is configured in the same manner as the motion class detection circuit 125 of the processing unit 66 described above. In this motion class detection circuit 158, the inter-frame difference is calculated from the motion class tap data (SD pixel data) selectively extracted by the third tap selection circuit 155, and the difference between the absolute values of the absolute values of the difference is calculated. Then, threshold processing is performed to detect a motion class that is an index of motion.
[0262]
Also, the coefficient seed data generation device 150 is based on the requantization code Qi as the class information of the space class output from the space class detection circuit 157 and the class information MV of the motion class output from the motion class detection circuit 158. , A class synthesis circuit 159 for obtaining a class code CL indicating the class to which the target pixel relating to the HD signal (525p signal or 1050i signal) belongs. The class synthesis circuit 159 is also configured in the same manner as the class synthesis circuit 126 of the processing unit 66 described above.
[0263]
Also, the coefficient seed data generation device 150 selects each HD pixel data y as target pixel data obtained from the HD signal supplied to the input terminal 151, and a first tap selection corresponding to each HD pixel data y. Coefficients for each class are obtained from the prediction tap data (SD pixel data) xi selectively extracted by the circuit 153 and the class code CL output from the class synthesis circuit 159 corresponding to each HD pixel data y. A normal equation generation unit 160 that generates a normal equation (see equation (13)) for obtaining seed data w10 to wn9 is provided.
[0264]
In this case, learning data is generated by a combination of one HD pixel data y and n predicted tap pixel data corresponding thereto, but the parameters h and v to the SD signal generation circuit 152 are sequentially changed. A plurality of SD signals in which the horizontal and vertical bands change stepwise are sequentially generated, whereby the normal equation generation unit 160 generates a normal equation in which a large amount of learning data is registered.
[0265]
Here, the coefficient seed data calculated by learning between the HD signal and the SD signal generated by applying a narrow band filter from the HD signal is used to obtain a high-resolution HD signal. Conversely, coefficient seed data calculated by learning between an HD signal and an SD signal generated by applying a filter having a wide band from the HD signal is used to obtain an HD signal having a low resolution. As described above, by sequentially generating a plurality of SD signals and registering learning data, it is possible to obtain coefficient seed data for obtaining HD signals with continuous resolution.
[0266]
In addition, by arranging a time alignment delay circuit in front of the first tap selection circuit 153, the timing of the SD pixel data xi supplied from the first tap selection circuit 153 to the normal equation generation unit 160 can be adjusted. It can be carried out.
[0267]
The coefficient seed data generation device 150 is supplied with the data of the normal equation generated for each class by the normal equation generation unit 160, solves the normal equation for each class, and obtains the coefficient seed data w10 to wn9 of each class. A coefficient seed data determining unit 161 and a coefficient seed memory 162 for storing the obtained coefficient seed data w10 to wn9 are provided. In the coefficient seed data determining unit 161, the normal equation is solved by, for example, a sweeping method, and additional data w10 to wn9 are obtained.
[0268]
The operation of the coefficient seed data generation device 150 shown in FIG. 38 will be described. An HD signal (525p signal or 1050i signal) as a teacher signal is supplied to the input terminal 151, and the HD signal is subjected to horizontal and vertical thinning processing by the SD signal generation circuit 152, and SD as an input signal. A signal (525i signal) is generated.
[0269]
In this case, when the first conversion method (a 525p signal is obtained from the 525i signal by the processing unit 66 in FIG. 23) is selected, the SD signal generation circuit 152 performs a thinning process on the 525p signal to generate the SD signal. Generated. On the other hand, when the second conversion method (a 1050i signal is obtained from a 525i signal by the processing unit 66 in FIG. 23) is selected, the SD signal generation circuit 152 performs a thinning process on the 1050i signal to generate an SD signal. Is done. In this case, parameters h and v are supplied to the SD signal generation circuit 152 as control signals, and a plurality of SD signals whose horizontal and vertical bands change stepwise are sequentially generated.
[0270]
Based on the SD signal (525i signal), the second tap selection circuit 154 selectively uses the space class tap data (SD pixel data) located around the pixel of interest related to the HD signal (525p signal or 1050i signal). It is taken out. In the second tap selection circuit 154, the tap conversion information supplied from the tap selection control circuit 156 and the tap position information corresponding to the motion class detected by the motion class detection circuit 158 are used. A selection is made.
[0271]
The space class tap data (SD pixel data) selectively extracted by the second tap selection circuit 154 is supplied to the space class detection circuit 157. In this space class detection circuit 157, each SD pixel data as space class tap data is subjected to ADRC processing to be re-used as class information of a space class (mainly class classification for waveform expression in space). A quantization code Qi is obtained (see equation (1)).
[0272]
Further, from the SD signal generated by the SD signal generation circuit 152, the third tap selection circuit 155 selectively extracts data of the motion class tap (SD pixel data) located around the target pixel related to the HD signal. It is. In this case, the third tap selection circuit 155 performs tap selection based on the tap position information corresponding to the selected conversion method supplied from the tap selection control circuit 156.
[0273]
The motion class tap data (SD pixel data) selectively extracted by the third tap selection circuit 155 is supplied to the motion class detection circuit 158. In this motion class detection circuit 158, class information MV of a motion class (mainly class classification for representing the degree of motion) is obtained from each SD pixel data as motion class tap data.
[0274]
The motion information MV and the above-described requantization code Qi are supplied to the class synthesis circuit 159. The class synthesis circuit 159 obtains a class code CL indicating the class to which the pixel of interest related to the HD signal (525p signal or 1050i signal) belongs from the motion information MV and the requantization code Qi (see equation (3)). ).
[0275]
Further, from the SD signal generated by the SD signal generation circuit 152, the first tap selection circuit 153 selectively extracts data of prediction taps (SD pixel data) located around the target pixel related to the HD signal. . In this case, the first tap selection circuit 153 performs tap selection based on the tap position information corresponding to the selected conversion method supplied from the tap selection control circuit 156.
[0276]
Then, each HD pixel data y as target pixel data obtained from the HD signal supplied to the input terminal 151 and the first tap selection circuit 153 are selectively extracted corresponding to each HD pixel data y. From the prediction tap data (SD pixel data) xi and the class code CL output from the class synthesizing circuit 159 corresponding to each HD pixel data y, the normal equation generation unit 160 generates a coefficient type for each class. A normal equation (see equation (13)) for generating data w10 to wn9 is generated.
[0277]
Then, the coefficient equation data determination unit 161 solves the normal equation to obtain the coefficient species data w10 to wn9 for each class, and the coefficient species data w10 to wn9 is stored in the coefficient species memory 162 that is divided into addresses by class. Is done.
[0278]
As described above, the coefficient seed data generating apparatus 150 shown in FIG. 38 can generate the coefficient seed data w10 to wn9 of each class stored in the information memory bank 135 of the processing unit 66 in FIG. In this case, the SD signal generation circuit 152 generates the SD signal (525i signal) using the 525p signal or the 1050i signal by the selected conversion method, and the first conversion method (525i by the processing unit 66). Coefficient seed data corresponding to a second conversion method (a 1050i signal is obtained from a 525i signal by the processing unit 66) and a second conversion method (a 525p signal is obtained from the signal) can be generated.
[0279]
Next, another example of the coefficient seed data generation method will be described. Also in this example, an example is shown in which coefficient seed data w10 to wn9, which are additional data in the above-described generation formula (5), are obtained.
[0280]
FIG. 40 shows the concept of this example. A plurality of SD signals are generated from the HD signal. For example, a total of 81 types of SD signals are generated by varying the parameters h and v for varying the horizontal band and vertical band of the filter used when generating the SD signal from the HD signal in 9 stages. Learning is performed between each SD signal generated in this way and the HD signal, and additional data Wi of the estimation expression of Expression (4) is generated. Then, coefficient seed data is generated using the additional data Wi generated corresponding to each SD signal.
[0281]
First, how to obtain the additional data of the estimation formula will be described. Here, an example will be shown in which the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n) of the estimation formula (4) is obtained by the least square method. As a generalized example, consider the observation equation (15), where X is input data, W is additional data, and Y is a predicted value. In the equation (15), m indicates the number of learning data, and n indicates the number of prediction taps.
[0282]
[Expression 12]

[0283]
The least square method is applied to the data collected by the observation equation (15). Based on the observation equation (15), the residual equation (16) is considered.
[0284]
[Formula 13]

[0285]
From the residual equation of equation (16), the most probable value of each Wi is considered to be when the condition for minimizing e2 of equation (17) is satisfied. That is, the condition of equation (18) should be considered.
[0286]
[Expression 14]

[0287]
That is, n conditions based on i in the equation (18) are considered, and W1, W2,. Therefore, equation (19) is obtained from the residual equation of equation (16). Furthermore, equation (20) is obtained from equations (19) and (15).
[0288]
[Expression 15]

[0289]
Then, the normal equation of the equation (21) is obtained from the equations (16) and (20).
[0290]
[Expression 16]

[0291]
Since the number of equations equal to the number n of unknowns can be established as the normal equation (21), the most probable value of each Wi can be obtained. In this case, simultaneous equations are solved using a sweeping method or the like.
[0292]
Next, how to obtain coefficient seed data will be described using the additional data generated corresponding to each SD signal.
[0293]
Assume that additional data of a certain class obtained by learning using SD signals corresponding to the parameters h and v becomes kvhi. Here, i is the number of the prediction tap. The coefficient seed data of this class is obtained from this kvhi.
[0294]
Each additional data Wi (i = 1 to n) is expressed by equation (5) described above using coefficient seed data w10 to wn9. Here, considering that the least square method is used for the additional data Wi, the residual is expressed by Equation (22).
[0295]
[Expression 17]

[0296]
Here, tj is shown in the above equation (7). When the least square method is applied to equation (22), equation (23) is obtained.
[0297]
[Formula 18]

[0298]
Here, if Xjk and Yj are defined as shown in equations (24) and (25), respectively, equation (23) is rewritten as equation (26). The equation (26) is also a normal equation, and the coefficient seed data w10 to wn9 can be calculated by solving this equation with a general solution such as a sweep-out method.
[0299]
[Equation 19]

[0300]
FIG. 41 shows a configuration of a coefficient seed data generation device 150 ′ that generates coefficient seed data based on the concept shown in FIG. In FIG. 41, portions corresponding to those in FIG. 40 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
[0301]
The coefficient seed data generation device 150 ′ includes each HD pixel data y as target pixel data obtained from the HD signal supplied to the input terminal 151, and a first tap selection circuit corresponding to each HD pixel data y. From the prediction tap data (SD pixel data) xi selectively extracted at 153 and the class code CL output from the class synthesis circuit 159 corresponding to each HD pixel data y, the additional data Wi for each class. A normal equation generation unit 171 that generates a normal equation (see equation (21)) for obtaining (i = 1 to n) is provided.
[0302]
In this case, learning data is generated by a combination of one HD pixel data y and n predicted tap pixel data corresponding thereto, but the parameters h and v to the SD signal generation circuit 152 are sequentially changed. A plurality of SD signals in which the horizontal and vertical bands change stepwise are sequentially generated, and learning data is generated between the HD signal and each SD signal. As a result, the normal equation generation unit 171 causes each SD signal to be Each corresponds, A normal equation for obtaining additional data Wi (i = 1 to n) is generated for each class.
[0303]
The coefficient seed data generation apparatus 150 ′ is supplied with the data of the normal equation generated by the normal equation generation unit 171 and solves the normal equation to obtain the additional data Wi of each class corresponding to each SD signal. Using the additional data determining unit 172 and the additional data Wi of each class corresponding to each SD signal, a normal equation (see formula (26)) for generating coefficient seed data w10 to wn9 is generated for each class. And a normal equation generation unit 173 for performing.
[0304]
Further, the coefficient seed data generation apparatus 150 ′ is supplied with the data of the normal equation generated for each class by the normal equation generation unit 173, solves the normal equation for each class, and obtains the coefficient seed data w10 to wn9 of each class. A coefficient type data determination unit 174 to be obtained and a coefficient type memory 162 for storing the obtained coefficient type data w10 to wn9 are provided.
[0305]
The rest of the coefficient seed data generation device 150 ′ shown in FIG. 41 is configured in the same manner as the coefficient seed data generation device 150 shown in FIG.
[0306]
The operation of the coefficient seed data generation device 150 ′ shown in FIG. 41 will be described. An HD signal (525p signal or 1050i signal) as a teacher signal is supplied to the input terminal 151, and the HD signal is subjected to horizontal and vertical thinning processing by the SD signal generation circuit 152, and SD as an input signal. A signal (525i signal) is generated.
[0307]
In this case, when the first conversion method (a 525p signal is obtained from the 525i signal by the processing unit 66 in FIG. 23) is selected, the SD signal generation circuit 152 performs a thinning process on the 525p signal to generate the SD signal. Generated. On the other hand, when the second conversion method (a 1050i signal is obtained from a 525i signal by the processing unit 66 in FIG. 23) is selected, the SD signal generation circuit 152 performs a thinning process on the 1050i signal to generate an SD signal. Is done. In this case, parameters h and v are supplied to the SD signal generation circuit 152 as control signals, and a plurality of SD signals whose horizontal and vertical bands change stepwise are sequentially generated.
[0308]
Based on the SD signal (525i signal), the second tap selection circuit 154 selectively uses the space class tap data (SD pixel data) located around the pixel of interest related to the HD signal (525p signal or 1050i signal). It is taken out. In the second tap selection circuit 154, the tap conversion information supplied from the tap selection control circuit 156 and the tap position information corresponding to the motion class detected by the motion class detection circuit 158 are used. A selection is made.
[0309]
The space class tap data (SD pixel data) selectively extracted by the second tap selection circuit 154 is supplied to the space class detection circuit 157. In this space class detection circuit 157, each SD pixel data as space class tap data is subjected to ADRC processing to be re-used as class information of a space class (mainly class classification for waveform expression in space). A quantization code Qi is obtained (see equation (1)).
[0310]
Further, from the SD signal generated by the SD signal generation circuit 152, the third tap selection circuit 155 selectively extracts data of the motion class tap (SD pixel data) located around the target pixel related to the HD signal. It is. In this case, the third tap selection circuit 155 performs tap selection based on the tap position information corresponding to the selected conversion method supplied from the tap selection control circuit 156.
[0311]
The motion class tap data (SD pixel data) selectively extracted by the third tap selection circuit 155 is supplied to the motion class detection circuit 158. In this motion class detection circuit 158, class information MV of a motion class (mainly class classification for representing the degree of motion) is obtained from each SD pixel data as motion class tap data.
[0312]
The motion information MV and the above-described requantization code Qi are supplied to the class synthesis circuit 159. The class synthesis circuit 159 obtains a class code CL indicating the class to which the pixel of interest related to the HD signal (525p signal or 1050i signal) belongs from the motion information MV and the requantization code Qi (see equation (3)). ).
[0313]
Further, from the SD signal generated by the SD signal generation circuit 152, the first tap selection circuit 153 selectively extracts data of prediction taps (SD pixel data) located around the target pixel related to the HD signal. . In this case, the first tap selection circuit 153 performs tap selection based on the tap position information corresponding to the selected conversion method supplied from the tap selection control circuit 156.
[0314]
Then, each HD pixel data y as target pixel data obtained from the HD signal supplied to the input terminal 151 and the first tap selection circuit 153 are selectively extracted corresponding to each HD pixel data y. In the normal equation generation unit 171, the SD signal generation circuit 152 generates the prediction tap data (SD pixel data) xi and the class code CL output from the class synthesis circuit 159 corresponding to each HD pixel data y. Of each SD signal Each corresponds, For each class, a normal equation (see equation (21)) for obtaining additional data Wi (i = 1 to n) is generated.
[0315]
Then, the additional data determination unit 172 solves the normal equation and obtains additional data Wi of each class corresponding to each SD signal. The normal equation generation unit 173 generates a normal equation (see equation (26)) for obtaining coefficient seed data w10 to wn9 for each class from the additional data Wi of each class corresponding to each SD signal. .
[0316]
Then, the coefficient equation data determining unit 174 solves the normal equation to obtain the coefficient species data w10 to wn9 of each class, and the coefficient species data w10 to wn9 is stored in the coefficient species memory 162 divided into addresses by class. The
[0317]
As described above, also in the coefficient seed data generation apparatus 150 ′ shown in FIG. 41, the coefficient seed data w10 to wn9 of each class stored in the information memory bank 135 of the processing unit 66 in FIG. 23 can be generated. In this case, the SD signal generation circuit 152 generates the SD signal (525i signal) using the 525p signal or the 1050i signal by the selected conversion method, and the first conversion method (525i by the processing unit 66). Coefficient seed data corresponding to a second conversion method (a 1050i signal is obtained from a 525i signal by the processing unit 66) and a second conversion method (a 525p signal is obtained from the signal) can be generated.
[0318]
In the processing unit 66 in FIG. 23, the generation formula of the formula (5) is used to generate the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n). For example, the formula (27), the formula (28), etc. are used. It may also be used, and can be realized by a polynomial having a different degree or an expression expressed by another function.
[0319]
[Expression 20]

[0320]
Further, in the processing unit 66 of FIG. 23, a parameter h for specifying the horizontal resolution and a parameter v for specifying the vertical resolution are set, and the horizontal and vertical resolutions of the image are adjusted by adjusting the values of these parameters h and v. Although what can be adjusted has been shown, for example, a parameter z for specifying a noise removal degree (noise reduction degree) is provided, and an apparatus capable of adjusting the noise removal degree of an image by adjusting the value of the parameter z is similarly configured. can do.
[0321]
In this case, for example, equations (29) and (30) can be used as generation equations for generating the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n), and are expressed by polynomials having different orders or other functions. This is also possible with
[0322]
[Expression 21]

[0323]
As described above, the coefficient seed data which is the additional data of the generation formula including the parameter z is similar to the case of generating the coefficient seed data which is the additional data of the generation formula including the parameters h and v described above, as shown in FIG. The coefficient seed data generating device 150 shown in FIG. 4 or the coefficient seed data generating device 150 ′ shown in FIG.
[0324]
In that case, the parameter z is supplied to the SD signal generation circuit 152 as a control signal, and when the SD signal is generated from the HD signal corresponding to the value of the parameter z, the noise addition state for the SD signal is stepwise. Variable. Thus, by registering the learning data while changing the noise addition state for the SD signal in stages, coefficient seed data for obtaining a continuous noise removal degree can be generated.
[0325]
Here, some examples of the details of the noise addition method corresponding to the value of the parameter z are shown.
[0326]
For example, as shown in FIG. 42A, a noise signal whose amplitude level is changed stepwise is added to the SD signal to generate an SD signal whose noise level changes stepwise.
[0327]
Also, for example, as shown in FIG. 42B, a noise signal having a constant amplitude level is added to the SD signal, but the screen area to be added is changed stepwise.
[0328]
Further, for example, as shown in (C) of FIG. 42, as the SD signal (for one screen), a signal that does not include noise and a signal that includes noise are prepared. Then, when generating a normal equation, learning is performed a plurality of times for each SD signal.
[0329]
For example, in “noise 0”, learning is performed 100 times for an SD signal without noise, and in “noise i”, learning is performed 30 times for an SD signal without noise and for an SD signal with noise. Learn 70 times. In this case, “noise i” is a learning system for calculating coefficient seed data having a higher degree of noise removal. In this way, coefficient seed data for obtaining a continuous degree of noise removal can be obtained by performing learning by changing the number of times of learning for a no-noise and no-noise SD signal in stages.
[0330]
This method can also be realized in the form of addition of normal equations. First, learning is performed to calculate additional data of the estimation expression for “noise 0” to “noise i”. The normal equation at this time is as shown in the above equation (21). Here, if Pij and Qj are defined as shown in equations (31) and (32), respectively, equation (21) is rewritten as equation (33). Here, xij represents the i-th learning value of the SD pixel data at the j-th predicted tap position, yi represents the i-th learning value of the HD pixel data, and Wi represents a coefficient.
[0331]
[Expression 22]

[0332]
When learning an SD signal without noise using such learning, the left side of equation (33) is defined as [P1ij] and the right side is defined as [Q1i]. Similarly, an SD signal with noise is learned. In this case, the left side of equation (33) is defined as [P2ij] and the right side is defined as [Q2i]. In such a case, [Paij] and [Qai] are defined as in the equations (34) and (35). However, a (0 ≦ a ≦ 1).
[0333]
[Paij] = (1-a) [P1ij] + a [P2ij] (34)
[Qai] = (1-a) [Q1i] + a [Q2i] (35)
Here, the normal equation in the case of a = 0 is expressed by the equation (36), which is equivalent to the normal equation in the case of “noise 0” of C in FIG. 42, and in the case of a = 0.7 Equivalent to the normal equation for “noise i”.
[0334]
[Paij] [Wi] = [Qai] (36)
By creating a normal equation for each noise level by changing this a stepwise, the desired coefficient seed data can be obtained. In this case, as described in the coefficient seed data generation device 150 ′ in FIG. Additional data Wi It is possible to calculate and use the additional data at each stage to obtain coefficient seed data.
[0335]
It is also possible to generate a normal equation for obtaining coefficient seed data such as the above-described equation (13) by combining normal equations for each noise level. This method will be specifically described below. Here, the case where the normal equation which calculates | requires coefficient seed | species data is produced | generated using (30) Formula mentioned above is considered.
[0336]
In advance, learning is performed by generating an SD signal having a noise level corresponding to several types of parameters z in advance, and [P] and [Q] represented by the above equations (34) and (35) are prepared. Keep it. They are represented as [Pnij] and [Qni]. Also, the above-described expression (7) can be rewritten as the expression (37).
[0337]
t0 = 1, t1 = z, t2 = z2 (37)
In this case, the above-described equations (24) and (25) are rewritten as equations (38) and (39), respectively. The coefficient seed data wij can be obtained by solving the equation (40) for these equations. Here, the variable representing the total number of prediction taps is rewritten to m.
[0338]
[Expression 23]

[0339]
Further, in the processing unit 66 of FIG. 23, a parameter h for specifying the horizontal resolution and a parameter v for specifying the vertical resolution are set, and the horizontal and vertical resolutions of the image are adjusted by adjusting the values of these parameters h and v. Although what can be adjusted is shown, it can also be configured to adjust the horizontal and vertical resolution with a single parameter. For example, one parameter r specifying the horizontal and vertical resolution is set. In this case, for example, r = 1 is h = 1, v = 1, r = 2 is h = 2, v = 2,..., Or r = 1 is h = 1, v = 2, r = 2 is Correspondence relationships such as h = 2, v = 3,. In this case, as a generation formula for generating the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n), an r polynomial or the like is used.
[0340]
Further, in the processing unit 66 of FIG. 23, a parameter h for specifying the horizontal resolution and a parameter v for specifying the vertical resolution are set, and the horizontal and vertical directions of the image are adjusted by adjusting the values of these plural types of parameters h and v. Although the parameter r for designating the horizontal and vertical resolutions and the parameter z for designating the noise removal degree (noise reduction degree) are set, the plurality of types of parameters can be adjusted. A device that can adjust the horizontal and vertical resolutions of images and the degree of noise removal by adjusting the values of r and z can be similarly configured.
[0341]
In this case, for example, the expression (41) can be used as a generation expression for generating the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n), and can be realized by a polynomial having a different degree or an expression expressed by another function. It is.
[0342]
[Expression 24]

[0343]
The coefficient seed data that is the additional data of the generation formula including the parameters r and z is similar to the case of generating the coefficient seed data that is the additional data of the generation formula including the parameters h and v described above, as shown in FIG. It can be generated by the data generator 150 or the coefficient seed data generator 150 ′ shown in FIG.
[0344]
In this case, the parameters r and z are supplied as control signals to the SD signal generation circuit 152, and when the SD signal is generated from the HD signal corresponding to the values of the parameters r and z, The vertical band and the noise addition state for the SD signal are varied stepwise.
[0345]
FIG. 43 shows an example of SD signal generation corresponding to the values of the parameters r and z. In this example, the parameters r and z are varied in 9 steps, respectively, and a total of 81 types of SD signals are generated. Note that the parameters r and z may be changed to more stages than nine stages. In this case, the accuracy of the calculated coefficient seed data is improved, but the calculation amount is increased.
[0346]
Further, in the processing unit 66 of FIG. 23, a parameter h for specifying the horizontal resolution and a parameter v for specifying the vertical resolution are set, and the horizontal and vertical directions of the image are adjusted by adjusting the values of these plural types of parameters h and v. In addition to these parameters h and v, a parameter z for designating the above-described noise removal degree (noise reduction degree) is set, and these plural types of parameters h, v, A device that can adjust the horizontal and vertical resolutions of images and the degree of noise removal by adjusting the value of z can be similarly configured.
[0347]
In this case, for example, the formula (42) can be used as a generation formula for generating the additional data Wi (i = 1 to n), and can also be realized by a polynomial having a different order or an expression expressed by another function. It is.
[0348]
[Expression 25]

[0349]
The coefficient seed data that is the additional data of the generation formula including the parameters h, v, and z is shown in FIG. 38 as in the case of generating the coefficient seed data that is the additional data of the generation formula including the parameters h and v described above. The coefficient seed data generator 150 or the coefficient seed data generator 150 'shown in FIG.
[0350]
In that case, the parameters h, v, and z are supplied as control signals to the SD signal generation circuit 152, and the SD signal is generated when an SD signal is generated from the HD signal corresponding to the values of the parameters h, v, and z. The horizontal and vertical bands of the signal and the noise addition state for the SD signal are varied in stages.
[0351]
FIG. 44 shows an example of SD signal generation corresponding to the values of parameters h, v, and z. In this example, the parameters h, v, and z are each changed in nine steps, and a total of 729 types of SD signals are generated. It should be noted that the parameters h, v, and z may be changed to more stages than nine stages. In this case, the accuracy of the calculated coefficient seed data is improved, but the calculation amount is increased.
[0352]
Note that the processing in the processing unit 66 in FIG. 23 can be realized by software, for example, by a video signal processing device 300 as shown in FIG.
[0353]
First, the video signal processing apparatus 300 shown in FIG. 45 will be described. The video signal processing apparatus 300 includes a CPU 301 that controls the operation of the entire apparatus, a ROM (read only memory) 302 that stores an operation program of the CPU 301, coefficient seed data, and the like, and a RAM ( random access memory) 303. The CPU 301, ROM 302, and RAM 303 are each connected to a bus 304.
[0354]
The video signal processing apparatus 300 includes a hard disk drive (HDD) 305 as an external storage device and a flexible disk drive (FDD) 307 that drives the flexible disk 306. These drives 305 and 307 are each connected to a bus 304.
[0355]
In addition, the video signal processing apparatus 300 includes a communication unit 308 that is connected to a communication network 400 such as the Internet by wire or wirelessly. The communication unit 308 is connected to the bus 304 via the interface 309.
[0356]
Further, the video signal processing apparatus 300 has an input terminal 314 for inputting an SD signal and an output terminal 315 for outputting an HD signal. The input terminal 314 is connected to the bus 304 via the interface 316, and similarly, the output terminal 315 is connected to the bus 304 via the interface 317.
[0357]
Here, instead of storing the processing program, coefficient seed data, and the like in the ROM 302 in advance as described above, for example, they are downloaded from the communication network 400 such as the Internet via the communication unit 308 and stored in the hard disk or RAM 303 for use. You can also Further, these processing programs, coefficient seed data, and the like may be provided on the flexible disk 306.
[0358]
Further, instead of inputting the SD signal to be processed from the input terminal 314, it may be recorded in advance on a hard disk or downloaded from the communication network 400 such as the Internet via the communication unit 308. Also, instead of outputting the processed HD signal to the output terminal 315 or in parallel therewith, it is supplied to the display 311 to display an image, further stored in a hard disk, or via the communication unit 308 such as the Internet. It may be sent to the communication network 400.
[0359]
A processing procedure for obtaining an HD signal from an SD signal in the video signal processing apparatus 300 shown in FIG. 45 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
[0360]
First, in step ST1, processing is started, and in step ST2, SD pixel data is input in frame units or field units. When the SD pixel data is input from the input terminal 314, the SD pixel data is temporarily stored in the RAM 303. Further, when the SD pixel data is recorded on the hard disk, the SD pixel data is read by the hard disk drive 307 and temporarily stored in the RAM 303. In step ST3, it is determined whether or not processing of all frames or all fields of input SD pixel data has been completed. When the process is finished, the process ends in step ST4. On the other hand, when the process is not finished, the process proceeds to step ST5.
[0361]
In step ST5, image quality designation values (for example, values of parameters h and v) are read from, for example, the RAM 303. In step ST6, by using the read image quality designation value and coefficient class data of each class, additional data Wi of the estimation formula (see formula (4)) of each class is generated by a generation formula (for example, formula (5)). Is generated.
[0362]
Next, in step ST7, the pixel data of the class tap and the prediction tap are acquired from the SD pixel data input in step ST2 corresponding to each HD pixel data to be generated. In step ST8, it is determined whether or not the processing for obtaining HD pixel data has been completed in all areas of the input SD pixel data. If completed, the process returns to step ST2 and proceeds to the input process of SD pixel data of the next frame or field. On the other hand, when the process has not ended, the process proceeds to step ST9.
[0363]
In this step ST9, the class code CL is generated from the SD pixel data of the class tap acquired in step ST7. In step ST10, using the additional data corresponding to the class code CL and the SD pixel data of the prediction tap, HD pixel data is generated by the estimation formula, and then the process returns to step ST7, and the same as described above. Repeat the process.
[0364]
In this way, by performing processing according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 46, it is possible to process SD pixel data constituting the input SD signal and obtain HD pixel data constituting the HD signal. As described above, the HD signal obtained by such processing is output to the output terminal 315, supplied to the display 311 to display an image, and further supplied to the hard disk drive 305 to be stored on the hard disk. It is recorded.
[0365]
Although illustration of the processing device is omitted, the processing in the coefficient seed data generation device 150 of FIG. 38 can be realized by software.
[0366]
A processing procedure for generating coefficient seed data will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
[0367]
First, in step ST21, processing is started, and in step ST22, an image quality pattern (for example, specified by parameters h and v) used for learning is selected. In step ST23, it is determined whether learning has been completed for all image quality patterns. If learning has not been completed for all image quality selection patterns, the process proceeds to step ST24.
[0368]
In step ST24, known HD pixel data is input in frame units or field units. In step ST25, it is determined whether or not processing has been completed for all HD pixel data. When the process ends, the process returns to step ST22, the next image quality pattern is selected, and the same process as described above is repeated. On the other hand, when not completed, the process proceeds to step ST26.
[0369]
In step ST26, SD pixel data is generated from the HD pixel data input in step ST24 based on the image quality pattern selected in step ST22. In step ST27, the pixel data of the class tap and the prediction tap is acquired from the SD pixel data generated in step ST26 corresponding to each HD pixel data input in step ST24. In step ST28, it is determined whether or not the learning process has been completed in all regions of the generated SD pixel data. When the learning process is completed, the process returns to step ST24, the next HD pixel data is input, and the same process as described above is repeated. On the other hand, when the learning process is not completed, the process proceeds to step ST29. Proceed to
[0370]
In this step ST29, the class code CL is generated from the SD pixel data of the class tap acquired in step ST27. In step ST30, a normal equation (see equation (13)) is generated. Thereafter, the process returns to step ST27.
[0371]
If learning for all image quality patterns is completed in step ST23, the process proceeds to step ST31. In this step ST31, the coefficient seed data of each class is calculated by solving the normal equation by the sweep-out method or the like. In step ST32, the coefficient seed data is stored in the memory, and then the process is terminated in step ST33.
[0372]
In this way, by performing processing according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 47, coefficient seed data of each class can be obtained by the same method as the coefficient seed data generation device 150 shown in FIG.
[0373]
Further, although illustration of the processing device is omitted, the processing in the coefficient seed data generation device 150 ′ of FIG. 41 can also be realized by software.
[0374]
A processing procedure for generating coefficient seed data will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
[0375]
First, in step ST41, processing is started, and in step ST42, an image quality pattern (for example, specified by parameters h and v) used for learning is selected. In step ST43, it is determined whether or not the additional data calculation process for all image quality patterns has been completed. If not completed, the process proceeds to step ST44.
[0376]
In this step ST44, known HD pixel data is input in frame units or field units. In step ST45, it is determined whether or not processing has been completed for all HD pixel data. If not completed, in step ST46, SD pixel data is generated from the HD pixel data input in step ST44 based on the image quality pattern selected in step ST42.
[0377]
In step ST47, the pixel data of the class tap and the prediction tap is acquired from the SD pixel data generated in step ST46, corresponding to each HD pixel data input in step ST44. In step ST48, it is determined whether or not the learning process has been completed in the entire region of the generated SD pixel data. When the learning process is completed, the process returns to step ST44, the next HD pixel data is input, and the same process as described above is repeated. On the other hand, when the learning process is not completed, the process proceeds to step ST49. Proceed to
[0378]
In this step ST49, the class code CL is generated from the SD pixel data of the class tap acquired in step ST47. In step ST50, a normal equation (see equation (21)) for generating additional data is generated. Thereafter, the process returns to step ST47.
[0379]
When the processing is completed for all HD pixel data in step ST45 described above, in step ST51, the normal equation generated in step ST50 is solved by a sweeping method or the like to calculate additional data of each class. Thereafter, the process returns to step ST42, the next image quality pattern is selected, the same processing as described above is repeated, and additional data of each class corresponding to the next image quality pattern is obtained.
[0380]
If the additional data calculation processing for all image quality patterns is completed in step ST43 described above, the process proceeds to step ST52. In this step ST52, a normal equation (see equation (26)) for obtaining coefficient seed data is generated from the additional data for all image quality patterns.
[0381]
Then, in step ST53, the coefficient seed data of each class is calculated by solving the normal equation generated in step ST52 by the sweep-out method or the like. In step ST54, the coefficient seed data is stored in the memory, and then in step ST55. Then, the process ends.
[0382]
As described above, by performing processing according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 48, the coefficient seed data of each class can be obtained by the same method as the coefficient seed data generating apparatus 150 ′ shown in FIG.
[0383]
In the above-described example, the linear equation is used as the estimation formula when generating the HD signal. However, the estimation equation is not limited to this. For example, a high-order equation is used as the estimation formula. It may be.
[0384]
In the above-described embodiment, an example in which an SD signal (525i signal) is converted into an HD signal (525p signal or 1050i signal) has been shown. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and an estimation equation is used. Of course, the present invention can be similarly applied to other cases in which the first video signal is converted into the second video signal.
[0385]
In the above example, the information signal is a video signal, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the present invention can be similarly applied when the information signal is an audio signal.
[0386]
As described above, according to the “class classification adaptive processing”, the additional data of the estimation formula used when converting the first information signal into the second information signal is generated using the coefficient seed data. Thus, the quality of the output obtained by the second information signal, for example, the image quality of the image can be smoothly adjusted steplessly. In this case, additional data of each class corresponding to the parameter that determines the quality of output can be generated each time using the coefficient seed data, so there is no need for a memory for storing a large amount of additional data, saving memory. Can be planned.
[0387]
Also, according to the “class classification adaptive processing”, the sum of the additional data of the estimation formula generated using the coefficient seed data is obtained, and the information data of the attention point generated using the estimation formula is divided by the sum. Therefore, it is possible to remove the level fluctuation of the information data of the attention point due to the rounding error when the additional data of the estimation formula is obtained by the generation formula using the coefficient seed data.
[0388]
[Business model to which the present invention is applied]
A business model to which the present invention is applied will be considered in relation to a content providing apparatus 510, a disc creating apparatus 520, and a duplicating apparatus 530, as shown in FIG. The content providing apparatus 510 provides information recorded on a recording medium. The disc creation device 520 creates a disc-shaped recording medium on which no information is recorded. The duplicating device 530 records information provided from the content providing device 510 on a disc-shaped recording medium on which no information is recorded. Here, it is assumed that the content providing device 510, the disc creating device 520, and the duplicating device 530 are owned and operated by different entities (content provider, disc creator, and duplicator).
[0389]
As shown in FIG. 50, the disk creation device (disk creator) 520 creates a disk-shaped recording medium and provides the disk-shaped recording medium to the duplication device (replicator) 530. Here, the copying apparatus (replicator) 530 is charged, and the disk creation apparatus (disk creator) 520 collects it. This charge includes a fee for creating a disc-shaped recording medium and a later content copying fee.
[0390]
Then, information (content) is provided from the content providing apparatus (content provider) 510 to the duplicating apparatus (duplicator) 530, and the information is duplicated. The disc-shaped recording medium to be duplicated here is one in which basic information and additional information are recorded in accordance with the contents of the present invention as described above. Here, the disc creation device (disc creator) 520 is charged and collected by the content providing device (content provider) 510. This charge includes a content duplication fee.
[0390]
Thereby, the duplicating device (duplicator) 530 only pays the fee for the disc creating device (disc creator) 520, but not only the disc creating device (disc creator) 520 but also the content providing device (content provider). ) Payment for 510 is also secured.
[0392]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the recording medium, the playback apparatus and the method according to the present invention, the playback information is higher quality information than the basic information, and therefore has a larger amount of information than the basic information and remains in this state. When recording on a recording medium, a large amount of recording medium is required.
[0393]
In addition, since the reproduction information obtained by reproducing the information recorded by the recording medium manufacturing apparatus and method according to the present invention is high quality information with respect to the basic information, the amount of information is larger than that of the basic information. When recording on a recording medium in a state, a large amount of recording medium is required.
[0394]
That is, the present invention can provide a recording medium, a reproducing apparatus and method, and a recording medium manufacturing apparatus and method that make it difficult to copy recorded data.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a recording medium in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart for duplicating the recording medium.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a configuration when downloading data of the recording medium.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart in the case of downloading data for the recording medium.
FIG. 5 is a side view showing the structure of pits in the disc-shaped recording medium according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a side view showing a configuration of a disc-shaped recording medium according to the present invention having two recording layers and an optical pickup device.
FIG. 7 is a side view showing additional data in the disc-shaped recording medium.
FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the structure of pits and light absorption layers of the disc-shaped recording medium in the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a configuration of a magneto-optical layer and a light absorption layer of a disk-shaped recording medium according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a plan view showing a configuration of pits and a magneto-optical layer of a disk-shaped recording medium according to the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a plan view showing another example of the configuration of the pits and the magneto-optical layer of the disk-shaped recording medium according to the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a plan view showing a case where basic data and additional data are separated from each other by a predetermined relative address in the disc-shaped recording medium.
FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a playback apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a side view showing a configuration of an optical pickup device in the reproducing apparatus.
FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the optical pickup device.
FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a magneto-optical signal detection unit in the optical pickup device.
FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a disc-shaped recording medium manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of the disc-shaped recording medium manufacturing apparatus.
FIG. 19 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a recording apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of the semiconductor device.
FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the semiconductor device according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 23 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a playback device that performs class classification adaptation processing;
FIG. 24 is a diagram for explaining a pixel position relationship between a 525i signal and a 525p signal.
FIG. 25 is a diagram for explaining a pixel positional relationship between a 525i signal and a 1050i signal.
FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating a pixel position relationship between 525i and 525p and an example of a prediction tap.
FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating a pixel positional relationship between 525i and 525p and an example of a prediction tap.
FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating a pixel positional relationship between 525i and 1050i and an example of a prediction tap.
FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating a pixel position relationship between 525i and 1050i and an example of a prediction tap.
FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating a pixel position relationship between 525i and 525p and an example of a space class tap.
FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating an example of a pixel positional relationship between 525i and 525p and a space class tap.
FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating an example of a pixel positional relationship between 525i and 1050i and an example of a space class tap.
FIG. 33 is a diagram illustrating a pixel position relationship between 525i and 1050i and an example of a space class tap.
FIG. 34 is a diagram illustrating an example of a pixel position relationship between 525i and 525p and a motion class tap.
FIG. 35 is a diagram illustrating a pixel positional relationship between 525i and 1050i and an example of a motion class tap.
FIG. 36 is a diagram for explaining line double speed processing when a 525p signal is output.
FIG. 37 is a diagram illustrating a concept of an example of a generation method of coefficient seed data.
FIG. 38 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a coefficient seed data generation device.
FIG. 39 is a diagram illustrating an example of frequency characteristics of a band-pass filter.
FIG. 40 is a diagram illustrating the concept of another example of the coefficient seed data generation method.
FIG. 41 is a block diagram illustrating another configuration example of the coefficient seed data generation device.
FIG. 42 is a diagram for explaining a noise addition method;
FIG. 43 is a diagram illustrating an example of generating an SD signal (parameters r and z).
FIG. 44 is a diagram illustrating an example of generating an SD signal (parameters h, v, z).
FIG. 45 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a video signal processing device to be realized by software.
FIG. 46 is a flowchart showing a video signal processing procedure;
FIG. 47 is a flowchart showing coefficient seed data generation processing (part 1);
FIG. 48 is a flowchart showing a coefficient seed data generation process (No. 2).
FIG. 49 is a block diagram for explaining a business model to which the present invention is applied.
FIG. 50 is a flowchart for explaining the business model.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Recording medium, disc-shaped recording medium, 6 pits, 7 stepped part, 11 Optical pick-up apparatus, 101 1st recording layer, 102 2nd recording layer

Claims (15)

A recording layer in which basic data is recorded by pits;
A stepped portion that is formed in a stepped shape so as to overlap with a part of the pits of the recording layer and has a height lower than the pit so as not to hinder reading data recorded in the pit. With
From the stepped portion, a laser beam focused on a position different from the recording layer is irradiated, and additional data as additional information with respect to the basic data is read out by reflected light of the laser beam, and the basic data is read out. A recording medium, wherein reproduction information generated by a predetermined process based on the data and the additional data is higher quality information than the basic information generated from the basic data. The recording layer is configured by laminating at least a first recording layer and a second recording layer,
The stepped portion is formed on a part of each pit of the first recording layer and second recording layer, laser light is focused between the first recording layer and second recording layer The recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the additional data is read out by. The above basic information is video information,
The recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the reproduction information has high quality due to a higher spatial resolution than the basic information.   The recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the additional information is generated by a class classification adaptive process. A laser beam having a recording layer in which basic data is recorded by pits and a stepped portion formed in a step shape on a part of the pits of the recording layer, and focused at a position different from the recording layer Is reproduced by the reflected light of the laser beam, and additional data serving as additional information for the basic data is read from the stepped portion and is generated by a predetermined process based on the basic data and the additional data. However, with respect to the basic information generated from the basic data, a recording medium with higher quality information is mounted,
Irradiating means for irradiating the recording medium with laser light;
Detection means for detecting reflected light from the recording medium of the laser light emitted by the irradiation means;
Based on the detection result of the reflected light by the detecting means, a first mode for condensing the laser light emitted from the irradiating means on the recording layer of the recording medium, and the laser light for the recording layer of the recording medium Focus control means for switching between a second mode for condensing light at a position different from
Tracking control means for performing tracking control based on the detection result of the reflected light by the detection means to set the irradiation position of the laser light emitted from the irradiation means on the recording track of the recording medium;
A first decoding means for decoding basic information from the basic data based on a detection result of the reflected light by the detection means when the focus control means is selecting the first mode;
A second decoding unit configured to decode the additional information from the additional data based on a detection result of the reflected light by the detection unit when the focus control unit selects the second mode;
A playback device comprising: playback means for generating the playback information based on the basic information and additional information decoded by the first and second decoding means. The focus control means generates astigmatism in the reflected light beam from the recording medium, detects the amount and direction of the astigmatism with a so-called quadrant photosensor, and generates a focus error signal based on the amount of astigmatism. To do,
6. The reproducing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the second mode is executed by applying a focus servo so that the focus error signal is a constant value other than zero. The signal recording layer of the recording medium is configured by laminating at least a first recording layer and a second recording layer, and the stepped portion is formed in a part of each pit of the first and second recording layers. The additional data is read out by the laser beam focused between the first recording layer and the second recording layer,
The second decoding unit is configured such that the focus control unit selects the second mode and focuses the laser beam between the first recording layer and the second recording layer. 6. The reproducing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the additional information is decoded from the additional data based on a detection result of the reflected light by the detecting means. The focus control means generates astigmatism in the reflected light beam from the recording medium, detects the amount and direction of the astigmatism with a so-called quadrant photosensor, and generates a focus error signal based on the amount of astigmatism. To do,
6. The reproducing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the second mode is executed by applying focus servo so that the focus error signal becomes a constant value other than zero.   6. The reproducing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the basic data and the additional data are digital data.   6. A reproducing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the basic data and the additional data are analog data. A laser beam having a recording layer in which basic data is recorded by pits and a stepped portion formed in a step shape on a part of the pits of the recording layer, and focused at a position different from the recording layer Is reproduced by the reflected light of the laser beam, and additional data serving as additional information for the basic data is read from the stepped portion and is generated by a predetermined process based on the basic data and the additional data. Is a method of reproducing information from a recording medium that is higher quality information with respect to the basic information generated from the basic data,
Irradiate the recording medium with laser light,
Detecting reflected light from the recording medium of the laser beam;
Based on the detection result of the reflected light, a first mode for condensing the laser light on the recording layer of the recording medium and a first mode for condensing the laser light at a position different from the recording layer of the recording medium. Switch between two modes,
When the first mode is selected, the basic information is decoded from the basic data based on the detection result of the reflected light,
The reproduction method characterized by decoding the additional information from the additional data based on the detection result of the reflected light when the second mode is selected. Encoding means for encoding basic information and outputting basic data, encoding additional information for the basic data and outputting additional data;
The shape of the step portion when the basic data is recorded on the recording layer of the recording medium by pits and the additional data is recorded by the step portion formed on the recording layer Reflection that calculates the reflected light beam when the recording layer on which the pits and stepped portions are formed is irradiated with a laser beam focused on a position different from the recording layer, based on the calculation results. An optical calculation unit;
A comparison means for comparing data read from the reflected light beam calculated by the reflected light calculation unit with the additional data;
Based on the comparison result by the comparison means, the additional data is controlled to correct the shape of the stepped portion, so that the data read from the reflected light beam calculated by the reflected light calculation unit matches the additional data. Additional data control means;
Combined data generating means for combining the basic data and additional data controlled by the additional data control means to generate combined data;
A recording medium manufacturing apparatus comprising: recording means for forming the pits and the stepped portion in a recording layer of a master disk based on the synthesized data generated by the synthesized data generating means. In the reflected light calculation unit, the recording layer is configured by laminating at least a first recording layer and a second recording layer, and the laser beam is emitted from the first recording layer and the second recording layer. Perform calculations as focusing between layers,
The recording means forms the pit and stepped portion formed in the first recording layer on the recording layer of the first master disk, and the second recording layer on the recording layer of the second master disk. The recording medium manufacturing apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the pit and the stepped portion are formed in a layer.   The encoding means receives basic information as digital data, performs error correction encoding on the basic information, performs EFM modulation on the error code corrected data, and adds a subcode to the EFM modulated data. 14. The recording medium manufacturing apparatus according to claim 13, wherein basic data is generated by coding. Encode basic information to obtain basic data, encode additional information for the basic data to obtain additional data,
The shape of the step portion when the basic data is recorded on the recording layer of the recording medium by the pit, and the additional data is recorded by the step portion formed on the recording layer Based on these calculation results, the reflected light beam is calculated when the recording layer on which the pits and stepped portions are formed is irradiated with a laser beam focused on a position different from the recording layer. ,
Compare the data read from the calculated reflected light flux with the additional data,
Based on the comparison result, the additional data is controlled to correct the shape of the stepped portion, and the data read from the reflected light beam calculated by the reflected light calculation unit is matched with the additional data,
Combining the basic data and the controlled additional data to generate composite data,
A recording medium manufacturing method comprising forming the pits and the stepped portion in a recording layer of a master disk based on the generated composite data.

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