JP2004204607A - Eaves soffit ventilator and eaves soffit structure - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an eaves soffit ventilator and an eaves soffit structure capable of usually ensuring a fine ventilating passage while preventing the air from directly blowing into an eaves soffit plenum from an eaves and effectively making heat insulation therebetween by quickly reacting with a temperature rising resulting from a fire. <P>SOLUTION: The eaves soffit ventilator is equipped with passage formation members 26 and 28 for forming a ventilating passage connecting a roof space entrance 33 to an eaves soffit opening 32. A passage control section 28b hanging down from the ceiling 28a is located in a position cutting off the passage connecting the eaves soffit opening 32 to the roof space entrance 33 to control the air directly blowing into the roof space entrance 33 from the eaves soffit opening 32. A heat expansion material 36 fixed to the side of the passage control section 28b is expanded sideways in the case of temperature rising to make press-contact to an opposite side wall 26b to cut off the ventilating passage in the right below the roof space entrance 33. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an eaves ceiling ventilation device and an eaves ceiling structure for ventilating the eaves ceiling in a covered building.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Generally, in order to provide ventilation behind the eaves ceiling, it is necessary to form a ventilation passage communicating between the eaves ceiling and under the eaves. However, when such a ventilation passage is formed, there is an inconvenience that, when a building fire occurs, hot air enters into the space above the eave ceiling through the ventilation passage, and the temperature of the space above the eave ceiling rises in a short time. In addition, when the rainfall is severe, there is a possibility that the air containing the rainwater easily enters the space above the eaves ceiling.
[0003]
Therefore, in the past, a technique for preventing the temperature rise above the eaves ceiling by urgently shutting off the ventilation passage when a fire occurs while avoiding air blowing from under the eaves to the back of the eaves ceiling by bending the ventilation passages. Development is underway.
[0004]
For example, in Patent Literature 1, as shown in FIG. 4A, a concave portion protruding into a ventilation passage (a passage extending from the eaves opening 92b to the ceiling) in a ceiling plate support fitting 92 fixed to a wall 90. An end of the ceiling plate 94 is fitted into the recess 92a, and a non-combustible thermal expansion material 96 is fixed to the inner surface of the recess 92a. There is disclosed a ventilation structure that expands laterally and presses against an inner surface of a side wall (a side wall facing the recess) of the ceiling plate support fitting 92 to block a ventilation passage in the fitting. .
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-6-73289 (pages 2-3, FIG. 3)
Further, Patent Literature 2 discloses an edge material for a ventilation port as shown in FIG. The edge material includes a ceiling wall 100 having a ceiling entrance 102, a pair of left and right side walls 103, 104 extending downward from the ceiling wall 100 in a vertical direction, and a horizontal bottom connecting the lower ends of the side walls 103, 104. The bottom wall 106 is provided with a ventilation opening 108 that opens right above. The formation position of this ventilation port 108 is shifted to the right side of the figure from the position of the ceiling back door 102, and an expansion member 110 is fixed to the lower surface of the top wall 100 at a position between the ventilation port 108 and the ceiling back door 102. ing. In a normal state, a meandering ventilation passage is secured between the ventilation opening 108 and the ceiling back door 102, while in the event of a fire, the heated expansion member 110 expands downward and presses against the lower surface of the bottom wall 106. Thereby, the space between the ventilation port 108 and the ceiling back door 102 is shut off.
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-2002-147835 (pages 2-3, FIGS. 1-4)
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the ventilation structure shown in Patent Document 1 and FIG. 4A, a non-combustible thermal expansion material 96 is fixed to a middle part (an inner side surface of the concave portion 92a) of a complicated ventilation passage in the ceiling plate support fitting 92. Therefore, there is a time lag between the occurrence of a fire and the time when the heat generated by the fire is sufficiently transmitted to the incombustible thermal expansion material 86 (that is, the temperature of the thermal expansion material 96 rises to a predetermined temperature). There is a disadvantage that the response of the expansion operation of the expansion member 86 is reduced.
[0007]
On the other hand, in the ventilation structure shown in Patent Literature 2 and FIG. 4B, the ventilation port 108 is open toward the top wall 100, and the expansion member 110 is fixed to the lower surface of the top wall 100. The inflatable member 110 can be heated and expanded relatively quickly, but the inflatable member 110 is fixed to the lower surface of the top wall 100 and expands downward from the lower surface, whereby the top wall 106 is expanded. Since it has a structure in which it comes into pressure contact with the upper surface, the ceiling back door 102 cannot be directly closed, and there is a disadvantage that heat insulation is inferior.
[0008]
That is, in this ventilation structure, even if the expansion member 110 expands and presses against the bottom wall 108, the space from the ceiling back door 102 to the bottom wall 106 remains open to the back of the eaves ceiling. Therefore, there is a disadvantage that the heat of the raised bottom wall 106 is easily transmitted to the back of the eaves ceiling through the space and the ceiling back door 102, and it is difficult to obtain sufficient heat insulating performance.
[0009]
In view of such circumstances, the present invention can secure a good ventilation passage while preventing the direct blowing of air from under the eaves to the underside of the eaves in a normal state, and can quickly increase the temperature due to this in the event of a fire. It is an object of the present invention to provide an eaves ceiling ventilator and an eaves ceiling structure capable of effectively shutting off heat between the underside of the eaves and the space above the eaves ceiling in response to heat.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a means for solving the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a passage forming member that has a ceiling back opening that opens behind the eaves ceiling and an eaves opening that opens below the eaves, and forms a ventilation passage that communicates with both openings. In the ventilation device for eaves ceiling provided with, the passage forming member has a ceiling wall on which the ceiling back door is formed, and a passage forming wall having a shape that covers the ceiling back door from below. The eaves lower opening is formed by being shifted horizontally from the ceiling back door, and a heat insulating material is arranged on the top wall to block a passage connecting the ceiling back door and the eaves lower opening from the top wall. As described above, the plate-shaped passage regulating portion hangs down, and a thermal expansion material that expands laterally when the temperature rises is fixed to the side surface of the passage regulating portion and the side surface on the ceiling back door side, and the expanded thermal expansion material is The passage forming wall facing the passage regulating portion Those that are configured to close the ceiling backdoor by pressure contact with the inner surface.
[0011]
In this structure, the heat-expanding material is not normally expanded, and a ventilation passage extending from the eaves opening to the ceiling entrance is secured in the passage forming member. Because of the intervening, blowing of rainwater or the like is effectively prevented.
[0012]
On the other hand, when a fire occurs and the temperature under the eaves rises, the heat is transmitted to the passage restricting portion and further to the thermal expansion material fixed thereto, and the thermal expansion material rises in temperature and expands laterally. Thus, the thermal expansion material comes into pressure contact with the inner surface of the passage-forming wall facing the passage restricting portion, and closes the eaves-opening immediately below. Moreover, since the heat insulating material is provided on the top wall, the heat insulation between the heat insulating material and the thermal expansion material effectively shuts off heat between the space above the eaves ceiling and under the eaves.
[0013]
In addition, since the passage restricting portion has a plate shape and is located at a position where the eaves below opening is opened toward the passage restricting portion, hot air generated under the eaves at the time of fire directly hits the passage restricting portion, and the passage restricting portion. The temperature of the thermal expansion material fixed thereto rises quickly. Therefore, the thermal expansion material expands with high responsiveness in response to the occurrence of a fire, and exerts the above-described heat insulating function.
[0014]
In particular, in the case where the passage regulating portion is formed of an aluminum plate or an aluminum alloy plate having a small heat capacity, the temperature of the passage regulating portion and the thermal expansion material rises after a fire occurs, and the thermal expansion material expands. The time until the time can be further reduced.
[0015]
Note that the heat insulating material does not necessarily have to be provided over the entire surface of the ceiling wall, and the location of the heat insulating material may be appropriately set according to the specific structure.
[0016]
Also, the opening direction of the eaves opening is not particularly limited, but if the eaves opening is open right above, it is difficult for hot air from under the eaves to hit the plate-shaped passage regulating portion hanging from the top wall, and If the opening below the eaves is difficult, it is difficult to take in the air under the eaves smoothly. The hot air under the eaves in the event of a fire can be effectively applied to the passage control section while taking in smoothly.
[0017]
As the passage forming wall of the passage forming member, a first side wall extending downward from one edge of the ceiling back opening in the top wall, and a posture inclined to the opposite side to the first side wall with the ceiling back opening interposed therebetween. It is preferable to have a second side wall in which the eaves opening is formed so as to open diagonally upward with respect to the passage restricting portion and the back of the ceiling, and a bottom wall connecting lower ends of the both side walls. In the structure, the passage restricting portion is formed at a position opposite to the first side wall with a space directly below the ceiling back door interposed therebetween, and the thermal expansion material fixed to the passage restricting portion expands so as to expand the first side wall. If it is made to press against the inner surface of the side wall, effective passage regulation can be performed by the passage regulating portion, and in the event of a fire, hot air taken into the passage forming member obliquely upward from the eaves lower opening into the passage forming member can be used. Thermal expansion material expands rapidly by striking, and thus closing the roof back door in the right below.
[0018]
Further, a fitting portion is formed in an outer portion of the first side wall so that an end of the eave ceiling plate is fitted from the side, and is located on a side opposite to the first side wall with the ceiling back opening interposed therebetween. If the heat insulating material is arranged on the top wall, the eaves ceiling plate and the heat insulating material constitute a series of heat insulating walls with the heat expanding material interposed therebetween while the heat expanding material is expanded. As a result, the heat insulating effect becomes more remarkable.
[0019]
Further, the present invention provides an eaves ceiling structure using the eaves ceiling ventilation device, wherein an end of the eaves ceiling plate of the eaves ceiling plate is inserted into a fitting portion of the passage forming member of the eaves ceiling ventilation device from the side. In the fitted state, the eave ceiling plate and the eave ceiling ventilation device are disposed between the eaves base and the eaves tip.
[0020]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows an eaves ceiling structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0021]
In the figure, a pillar 10 is erected on the building side (eave base side), a body edge 12 is provided on an outer surface thereof, and an outer wall material 14 is provided on the outside thereof. On the other hand, a gable plate 18 is provided on the tip side (eave tip side) of the roof 16, a ridge 20 is provided between the blast plate 18 and the body edge 12, and an eave ceiling is provided below the ridge 20. The plate 22 and the eaves ceiling ventilation device 24 according to the present invention are provided side by side in the horizontal direction.
[0022]
The eaves ceiling plate 22 is provided between the gable plate 18 and the eaves ceiling ventilation device 24, and the eaves end 22 a is fitted into a recess 18 a formed in the gable plate 18, The eaves base end 22b is fitted to the eaves ceiling ventilation device 24 side (details will be described later).
[0023]
As shown in FIG. 2, the eaves ceiling ventilation device 24 vents air below the eaves (lower side in the figure) and behind the eaves ceiling (upper side in the figure), and forms a passage for forming the ventilation passage. A main body plate 26 and a top plate 28 are provided as members, and both plates 26, 28 extend in the depth direction of FIGS.
[0024]
The main body plate 26 is formed in a box shape that opens upward by bending an appropriate portion of a single metal plate. Specifically, the eaves-side top wall 26a extending in the horizontal direction, the eaves-side side wall 26b extending substantially vertically downward from the eaves side (right side in the drawing) end of the eaves-side top wall 26a, A bottom wall 26c extending obliquely downward from the lower end toward the eaves side; an eaves side wall 26d extending obliquely upward from the eaves end of the bottom wall 26c toward the eaves side; An eave-side top wall 26e extending horizontally from the upper end of 26d to the eave side is integrally formed, and an end of the eave-side end top wall 26e is turned upward to form a top plate holding portion 26f. ing.
[0025]
Further, an intermediate portion of the eaves side wall 26b is folded toward the eaves side (outside of the passage forming member) to form a protruding portion 26g protruding toward the eaves side, and this protruding portion 26g and the eaves side top wall 26a are formed. The eaves-side end 22b of the ceiling plate 22 is inserted from the side. That is, the eaves top side wall 26a and the protruding part 26b form a fitting portion 30 into which the eaves base end 22b of the eaves ceiling plate 22 is fitted from the side. Such fitting simplifies the work of connecting the eaves ceiling plate 22 and the passage forming member, and absorbs errors in the dimensions and installation position of the eaves ceiling plate 22 in the fitting portion 30. Thus, the eave ceiling plate 22 and the eave ceiling ventilation device 24 can be disposed between the eaves and the eaves without any inconvenience.
[0026]
An eaves lower opening 32 that opens obliquely upward is provided in the eaves side wall 26d. Specifically, a number of bulging portions 26h as shown in FIG. 3 are provided on the eave side wall 26d, and thereby the eaves opening 32 is secured.
[0027]
Each bulging portion 26h extends in the vertical direction and bulges inward from the main body portion of the eaves side wall 26d, and these bulging portions 26h are formed intermittently in the horizontal direction. Therefore, the air below the eaves can enter the passage forming member from the gap secured between each bulging portion 26h and the main body of the eaves side wall 26d.
[0028]
The top plate 28 is also formed of a single metal plate, and integrally has a top wall 28a extending in the horizontal direction and a (plate-shaped) passage regulating wall 28b hanging down from the eaves end of the top wall 28a. are doing. The eave side end (right end in FIG. 2) of the top wall 28a is inserted and fixed between the eave side top wall 26e of the main body plate 26 and the top plate holding portion 26f. A ceiling back opening 33 is formed between the eaves end (the left end in FIG. 2) of the wall 28a and the eaves side wall 26b of the main body plate 26 and opens to the back side (upper side) of the eaves ceiling.
[0029]
That is, the ceiling wall of the eaves ceiling ventilation device 24 includes a ceiling wall 26a on the main body plate 26 side and a ceiling wall 28a on the ceiling plate 28 side, and a ceiling back door 33 is formed therebetween. Has become. The passage forming wall according to the device 24 includes an eaves side wall 26b which is a first side wall extending downward from one edge of the ceiling back door 33 in the ceiling wall, and the eaves side wall 26b sandwiching the ceiling back door 33 therebetween. The eaves side wall 26d in which the eaves lower opening 32 is formed so as to open diagonally upward with respect to the passage regulating wall 28b and the ceiling back door 33, and the side walls 26b, The bottom wall 26c connects the lower ends of 26d to each other, and the fitting portion 30 is formed on the outer side of the eaves side wall 26b.
[0030]
The passage restricting wall 28b is a position that blocks a passage connecting the eaves below opening 32 and the ceiling back door 33, that is, a position that blocks air from being blown directly from the eaves below opening 32 toward the ceiling back door 33, The passage regulating wall 28b is provided at a position facing the eaves side wall 26b with a space directly below the ceiling back door 33 interposed therebetween, and a sufficient gap is secured between the lower end of the passage regulating wall 28b and the bottom wall 26c. .
[0031]
That is, in the passage forming member, a meandering passage that is a ventilation passage that connects the eaves below opening 32 and the ceiling back entrance 33 and that bypasses below the passage regulating wall 28b is formed.
[0032]
Further, as a feature of the eaves ceiling ventilation device 24, a thermal expansion material 36 is fixed to the side wall (the surface facing the eaves side wall 26b) of the passage regulating wall 28b on the side of the ceiling back door 33 side.
[0033]
This thermal expansion material 36 usually has a flat shape and is sufficiently separated from the eaves side wall 26b, thereby opening a ventilation passage immediately below the ceiling back door 33 and increasing the temperature when a fire occurs. As a result, the volume expands significantly (expands to the side as shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 2). The position of the thermal expansion material 36 is set so as to be closed immediately below.
[0034]
The material of the thermal expansion material 36 may be a material having both a sufficient volume expansion coefficient, nonflammability, and air blocking properties. Specifically, it is adjusted to start expanding at about 200 ° C, including thermally expandable graphite (natural flake graphite that is expanded into a caterpillar shape when heated at high temperature by chemical treatment). (For example, "Ultra GS" manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited) and those described as incombustible volume expanders in Patent Document 1 (JP-A-6-73829) (fire prevention described in JP-B-63-132968). The composition and the fireproof / fireproof coating mat described in JP-B-3-235 are preferred.
[0035]
In the present invention, regardless of the specific material of the passage forming member (the main body plate 26 and the top plate 28 in the illustrated example), any material having a certain level of strength and heat resistance may be used. It is possible to use. However, it is more preferable that at least the passage regulating wall 28b is made of a material having high thermal conductivity as much as possible, for example, an aluminum plate or an aluminum alloy plate.
[0036]
On the other hand, a plate-like heat insulating material 38 having an appropriate thickness is disposed on the top wall 28a, that is, on the top wall located on the side opposite to the eaves side wall 26b with the ceiling back door 33 interposed therebetween. . Then, with the heat insulating material 38 in contact with the lower surface of the field edge 20 shown in FIG. 1, the eaves side end of the passage forming member is sandwiched between the upper end face of the outer wall material 14 and the field edge 20. , Is fixed.
[0037]
Regarding the heat insulating material 38, any material may be used regardless of the specific material. For example, a material containing a polyester spunbond nonwoven fabric and a glass fiber is suitable.
[0038]
Next, the operation of the eaves ceiling ventilation device 24 and the eaves ceiling structure during normal times (when no fire has occurred) and during fires will be described.
[0039]
First, at normal times, the thermal expansion material 36 maintains a flat shape, and a large space is secured between the thermal expansion material 36 and the eaves side wall 26b facing the thermal expansion material 36. A ventilation passage having a sufficient flow area is formed. Accordingly, for example, the air below the eaves enters the ventilation device 24 through the eaves opening 32 as shown by the broken arrow in FIG. It is possible to flow into the ceiling.
[0040]
As described above, since the passage regulating wall 28b is interposed between the eaves below opening 32 and the ceiling back entrance 33 and the air flows so as to bypass the eaves below, the air containing rainwater flows from the eaves below opening 32 during heavy rainfall, for example. The inconvenience of blowing directly into the eaves ceiling through the ceiling entrance 33 is avoided.
[0041]
On the other hand, when a fire occurs in the building, the hot air generated under the eaves blows into the passage forming member through the eaves opening 32 and directly hits the plate-like passage regulating wall 28b. Therefore, the temperature of the passage regulating wall 28b and the thermal expansion material 36 fixed to the wall 28b rises in a short time after the occurrence of the fire. In particular, when the passage restricting wall 28b is formed of an aluminum plate or an aluminum alloy plate having a small heat capacity, the temperature raising time becomes shorter. When the thermal expansion material 36 reaches a predetermined temperature in this way, the thermal expansion material 36 expands laterally and presses against the inner side surface of the eaves side wall 26b, and the ventilation passage is located immediately below the ceiling back entrance 33. To shut off.
[0042]
That is, according to the ventilator 24, the hot air generated by the fire directly hits the passage regulating wall 28b, so that the thermal expansion material 36 quickly rises in temperature and expands to close the ceiling back opening 33. The inflow into the space above the eaves ceiling through the passage is quickly prevented, and the high temperature inside the eaves ceiling is effectively prevented from being suppressed. Moreover, since the thermal expansion material 36 completely closes the ceiling back door 33 directly below the ceiling back door 33, even if the expansion member 110 expands as shown in FIG. A higher heat insulating effect can be obtained as compared to a structure that is largely open up to the bottom wall 106.
[0043]
Particularly, in the illustrated structure, the eaves ceiling plate 22 is arranged on one side and the heat insulating material 38 is arranged on the other side with the thermal expansion material 36 interposed therebetween. -Since a series of heat insulating walls are formed by the heat insulating material 38, heat under the eaves during a fire is less likely to be transmitted to the space above the eaves ceiling, and the temperature rise above the eaves ceiling is more effectively suppressed. .
[0044]
However, in the present invention, regardless of the specific arrangement mode and position of the heat insulating material 38, as long as the heat insulating material 38 is provided on at least a part of the ceiling wall, the thermal expansion material 36 that blocks directly below the ceiling back door 33 is provided. Together with this, it is possible to improve the heat insulation effect.
[0045]
In addition, the present invention can take the following embodiments, for example.
[0046]
The arrangement of the eaves ceiling ventilation device 24 and the eaves ceiling plate 22 can be set as appropriate. For example, the eaves ceiling ventilation device 24 may be provided closer to the eaves than the eaves ceiling plate 22. However, as shown in FIG. 1, the eaves ceiling ventilation device 24 is provided at a position closer to the eaves base than the eaves ceiling plate 22 and the eaves ceiling opening 32 of the eaves ceiling ventilation device 24 is opened toward the eaves base. With the configuration (opening obliquely downward in the example of the drawing), the flow of air containing rainwater into the passage forming member during rainfall is more effectively suppressed.
[0047]
The passage forming wall may have any shape as long as it covers at least the ceiling back door 33 from below. For example, the passage forming wall may have a semicylindrical shape that is convex downward, or may have a rectangular cross section. However, in any case, the direction of the opening of the eaves below opening 32 (the direction of the normal line to the opening surface) is opened obliquely upward toward the passage regulating wall 28b and the ceiling back door 33, so that the eaves below the eaves below. The advantage that both the smooth intake of air, the passage regulating effect by the passage regulating wall 28b, and the rapid temperature rise effect at the time of fire can be achieved at the same time is obtained.
[0048]
Further, by making the portion where the expanded thermal expansion material 36 comes into pressure contact with the first side wall (eave side wall 26b) extending in the substantially vertical direction as shown in the drawing, the pressure contact state can be further stabilized. Further, a ridge (a ridge extending along the longitudinal direction of the passage forming member) protruding inward is formed on the inner side surface of the first side wall. It may be made to bite into.
[0049]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the present invention, at a position between the eaves below opening and the ceiling back door, a passage restricting portion which protrudes inside the passage forming member and regulates the direct blowing of air from the above eaves below opening to the ceiling back door is provided. In addition, the thermal expansion material provided in the passage restricting portion expands by raising the temperature together with the passage restricting portion in the event of a fire and expands and presses against the opposing side wall, thereby closing the ceiling back entrance immediately below. Therefore, at normal times, it is possible to secure a good ventilation passage while preventing the direct blowing of air from under the eaves to the back of the eaves ceiling by the passage restricting portion in the passage forming member, and to quickly raise the temperature in the event of a fire In this way, it is possible to effectively shut off the heat between the underside of the eaves and the ceiling of the eaves in response to the heat.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional front view showing an eave ceiling structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional front view showing a ventilation device for eaves ceiling in the eaves ceiling structure.
FIG. 3 is a cutaway perspective view showing an opening under the eaves in the ventilator for eaves ceiling.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are cross-sectional front views showing a conventional eaves ceiling ventilation device.
[Explanation of symbols]
22 eave ceiling plate 24 eave ceiling ventilation device 26 main body plate (passage forming member)
26a eaves front top wall 26c bottom wall 26e eaves base bottom wall 28 top plate (passage forming member)
28a Top wall 28b Passage regulating wall 30 Fitting part 32 Eave lower opening 33 Ceiling back entrance 36 Thermal expansion material 38 Thermal insulation

Claims (6)

An eaves ceiling ventilation device, comprising: a passage forming member having a ceiling back opening opening behind the eaves ceiling and an eaves opening opening below the eaves and forming a ventilation passage connecting both openings with each other, wherein the passage forming member Has a ceiling wall on which the ceiling back door is formed, and a passage forming wall having a shape covering the ceiling back door from below, and the eaves opening is displaced horizontally from the ceiling back door to the passage forming wall. Is formed, and a heat insulating material is disposed on the top wall, and a plate-shaped passage regulating portion hangs down from the top wall so as to block a passage connecting the ceiling back entrance and the eaves bottom opening. A thermal expansion material that expands laterally when the temperature rises is fixed to a side surface of the regulating portion and a side surface on the ceiling back door side, and the expanded thermal expansion material is an inner surface of the passage forming wall facing the passage regulating portion. Close the ceiling back door by pressing against Eaves roof ventilator being characterized in that it is configured urchin. The eaves ceiling ventilation device according to claim 1, wherein the passage restricting portion is formed of an aluminum plate or an aluminum alloy plate. The eaves ceiling ventilator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the eaves underside opening opens obliquely upward toward the passage restricting portion and the ceiling back door. 4. The eaves ceiling ventilation device according to claim 3, wherein the passage forming wall has a first side wall extending downward from one edge of the ceiling back door in the top wall, and a side opposite to the first side wall across the ceiling back door. A second side wall in which the eaves opening is formed so as to open obliquely upward with respect to the passage restricting portion and the back of the ceiling, and a bottom wall connecting lower ends of the both side walls. The passage restricting portion is formed at a position opposed to the first side wall with a space directly below the ceiling back door therebetween, and the first side wall is expanded by a thermal expansion material fixed to the passage restricting portion expanding. A ventilator for eaves ceilings, which is pressed against the inner surface of the roof. The ventilation device for eaves ceiling according to claim 4, wherein a fitting portion to which an end of an eaves ceiling plate is fitted is formed on an outer portion of the first side wall, and the first side wall is sandwiched between the ceiling back door. A ventilation device for eaves ceilings, characterized in that a heat insulating material is arranged on a ceiling wall located on the opposite side of the ceiling. An eaves ceiling ventilation device according to claim 5, and an eaves ceiling plate, wherein an end of the eaves ceiling plate is fitted laterally to a fitting portion of a passage forming member of the eaves ceiling ventilation device. The eaves ceiling structure wherein the eaves ceiling plate and the eaves ceiling ventilation device are disposed between the eaves base and the eaves front.

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