JP2004202974A - Fluid passage member - Google Patents

Fluid passage member Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004202974A
JP2004202974A JP2002377395A JP2002377395A JP2004202974A JP 2004202974 A JP2004202974 A JP 2004202974A JP 2002377395 A JP2002377395 A JP 2002377395A JP 2002377395 A JP2002377395 A JP 2002377395A JP 2004202974 A JP2004202974 A JP 2004202974A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
flow path
partition
ratio
peak intensity
piezoelectric ceramic
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JP2002377395A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kiyotaka Nakamura
清隆 中村
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Kyocera Corp
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Kyocera Corp
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Priority to JP2002377395A priority Critical patent/JP2004202974A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2202/00Embodiments of or processes related to ink-jet or thermal heads
    • B41J2202/01Embodiments of or processes related to ink-jet heads
    • B41J2202/10Finger type piezoelectric elements

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  • Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem that while piezoelectric ceramic substrates are different in a property of grinding processing due to the materials, a partition wall may be broken by clogging in a grinding blade of a diamond wheel unless a traveling speed of the diamond wheel is changed to be an optimum one corresponding to the material to be processed and a length of a groove to be processed. <P>SOLUTION: This fluid passage member is so constituted that a plurality of parallel grooves are formed by grinding processing by using a dicing saw to form the partition walls between the grooves. The Poisson's ratio σ of the piezoelectric ceramic substrate is made to be not less than 0.30. The side face of the partition wall to be subjected to the grinding processing is formed such that a ratio (B/A) of a peak intensity A of diffraction at a tetragonal 200 face at a time when it is measured by X-ray diffraction with a peak intensity B of diffraction at a tetragonal 002 face is not greater than 0.8. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、圧電セラミックス基板の流路部材に関するもので、特に、液体を搬送するための圧電ポンプや、文字や画像の印刷に用いるインクジェット記録へッドに用いられる液体流路部材に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
例えば、近年、パーソナルコンピューターの普及やマルチメディアの発達に伴って、情報を記録媒体に出力する画像形成装置として、インクジェット記録装置の利用が急速に拡大している。
【0003】
インクジェット記録装置に搭載されるインクジェット記録へッド(以下、へッドと称す)としては、インクが充填される流路内に微細なヒータを設け、このヒータによりインクを加熱、沸騰させ、流路内に生ずる気泡によって流路内のインクを加圧し、インク吐出孔よりインク滴を吐出させるサーマルジェット方式と、インクが充填される流路を形成する隔壁を圧電素子によって屈曲変位させ、機械的に流路内のインクを加圧し、インク吐出孔よりインク滴を吐出させる圧電方式が一般的であるが、これらのうち圧電方式は、耐久性及び応答性に優れるとともに、直接インクを加熱しないため、インクの種類が限定されないといった利点がある。
【0004】
このような圧電方式のへッドとしては、図4に示すように、平行に列設した複数の隔壁1を有し、これら隔壁1間をインクの流路2としてなるチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛等を主成分とする圧電セラミックス製の液体流路部材3と、各隔壁1の頂部に接合され、各流路2にインクを供給するためのインク供給孔6を備えた天板5と、上記液体流路部材3の―方端側に接合され、各流路2と連通するインク吐出孔7を備えたノズル板8とからなり、上記隔壁1の両側面上半分には、その長手方向に沿って駆動用電極4をそれぞれ形成したものがあった(特許文献1)。なお、上記液体流路部材3の他方端側は閉じられた構造になっており、液体流路部材3を構成する圧電セラミックスは図中矢印の方向に分極処理されている。また、9は駆動用電極4と不図示の外部回路とを接続し、外部回路からの信号を駆動用電極4へ通電するための引出線である。
【0005】
そして、このへッド40を用いて記録媒体に印刷するには、隔壁1の両側面に形成された駆動用電極4間に通電すると、隔壁1が圧電セラミックスの剪断モード変形を利用して略く字状に屈曲変位するため、各流路2内のインクを加圧し、インク吐出孔7よりインク滴を吐出するようになっていた。
【0006】
また、このへッド40を製造するには、予め厚み方向に分極処理したチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛等を主成分とする圧電セラミックス基板に、例えばダイシングソーと呼ばれるダイヤモンド砥粒を固着した回転する研削刃(以下ダイヤモンドホイールと称す)を有した装置によって複数の溝を等間隔に並設し、各溝をインクの流路2とするとともに、流路2を仕切る壁を隔壁1とした液体流路部材3を製作し、次いで隔壁1の両側面に蒸着法やスパッタリング法などの膜形成手段により駆動用電極4を被着したあと、隔壁1の頂部にインク供給孔6を有する天板5を接着剤にて接合するとともに、液体流路部材3の開放端部に、予め穿孔されたインク吐出孔7を有するノズル板8を接着剤にて接合することによって製造されていた。
【0007】
さらに、このようなヘッド40の特性を効率よく引き出すための方法として、特許文献2に示すような、隔壁1の側面をX線回折にて測定した時の正方晶200面における回折のピーク強度Aと正方晶002面における回折のピーク強度比Bとの比(B/A)を1.5以下と規制したヘッドについての開示がなされている。
【特許文献1】特開平7−101056号公報
【特許文献2】特開平12−343691号公報
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、近年、インクジェット記録ヘッドの高精度化、高密度化に伴って、ヘッド40を構成する液体流路部材3の隔壁1の幅や隔壁1のピッチが極めて小さくなっているのである。これはインクジェット記録ヘッドに限らず他の流路部材を用いた場合もいえる。
【0008】
この場合に、複数列の隔壁1と流路2を形成するために、ダイシングソーにて研削加工を施すが、1ヘッドあたりの加工時間を短くするためにダイヤモンドホイールの送り速度を大きくすると、各流路2の開放端部において、ダイヤモンドホイールに固着したダイヤモンド砥粒の摩耗や、研削屑によるダイヤモンドホイールの目詰まり量が多くなり、研削能力が著しく低下するために、ダイヤモンドホイールが研削面に作用する応力が増加して、隔壁1が破損するという問題があった。したがって、高精度化、高密度化が要求されるヘッド40において、隔壁1が破損しないようにするために、ダイシングソー等による流路2の研削加工時にダイヤモンドホイールの送り速度は小さくしなければならず、1ヘッドあたりの加工時間が極めて長くなり、加工コストが高くなるという問題があった。
【0009】
そして、前記隔壁1を破損しないダイヤモンドホイールの送り速度に関する研削加工性については、特許文献2では着目しておらず、圧電セラミックスを研削加工すると加工による結晶の歪みが大きくなり、加工した面をX線回折にて測定したときの正方晶200面における回折のピーク強度Aと正方晶002面における回折のピーク強度比Bとの比(B/A)の値が0.8を超えた場合、前記の研削加工性が悪くなり、ダイヤモンドホイールの送り速度は小さくしなければならず、1ヘッドあたりの加工時間が極めて長くなり、加工コストが高くなるという問題があった。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで、本発明は圧電セラミックスからなる複数の隔壁を所定の間隔を隔てて並設し該隔壁間を液体の流路として形成した流路部材と、前記各隔壁の両側面に通電により前記隔壁を屈曲変位させ、前記各流路内の液体を搬送する駆動用電極とを有した液体流路部材において、前記隔壁の両側面をX線回折にて測定したときの正方晶200面における回折のピーク強度Aと正方晶002面における回折のピーク強度Bの比(B/A)を0.8以下としたことを特徴とする。
【0011】
そして、圧電セラミックスのポアソン比を0.30以上とすることを特徴とする。
【作用】
本発明によれば、前記隔壁の研削加工面である側面のX線回折にて測定したときの正方晶200面における回折のピーク強度Aと正方晶002面における回折のピーク強度Bの比(B/A)を0.8以下とすることによって、隔壁1を形成する結晶粒子のみが粒界から脱落して凹部開口部を形成しやすいので、ダイヤモンドホイールから隔壁1に受ける応力を小さくすることができ、ダイヤモンドホイールの送り速度を大きくしても、前記開放端部において隔壁1が破損せず、短時間でヘッド10を構成する液体流路部材3製造することができる。
【0012】
また、本発明は前記圧電セラミックス基板のポアソン比σを0.30とすることによって、ダイヤモンドホイールから隔壁1にかかる応力をさらに小さくすることができる。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施形態について、液体流路部材をインクジェット記録ヘッドに適用する場合について説明する。
【0014】
図1は本発明の液体流路部材を用いたインクジェット記録へッドの一例を示す斜視図である。なお、図4と同じ部位を示す符号は同符号で示す。
【0015】
このインクジェット記録へッド10は、圧電セラミックスからなる複数の隔壁1を所定の間隔を隔てて並設し該隔壁1間を液体の流路2として形成した流路部材と、前記各隔壁1の両側面に通電により前記隔壁1を屈曲変位させ、前記各流路2内の液体を搬送する駆動用電極4とを有した液体流路部材3に、前記流路2にインクを導く為のインク供給孔6を備えた天板5と液体流路部材3の一方端側に接合され、各流路2と連通するインク吐出孔7を備えたノズル板8とから形成してある。
【0016】
なお、各隔壁1は、両側面の駆動用電極4間にそれぞれ通電した時、剪断モード変形によって略く字状に屈曲変位させるため、図中矢印の方向に分極処理してある。
【0017】
また、液体流路部材3の他方端側は閉じた構造となっており、隔壁1に形成された駆動用電極4は流路2を越えて液体流路部材3の後方に延設された配線9を介して駆動用回路(不図示)と電気的に接続されるようになっている。
【0018】
このヘッド10を製造するには、まず、液体流路部材3を製作するために圧電セラミックス基板を用意する。圧電セラミックス基板としては、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛(PZT系)を主成分とする圧電セラミックス、マグネシウムニオブ酸鉛(PMN系)を主成分とする圧電セラミックス、ニッケルニオブ酸鉛(PNN系)を主成分とする圧電セラミックス、さらにはこれら主成分を複合した圧電セラミックス等を用いることができる。
【0019】
そして、この圧電セラミックス基板の厚み方向に分極処理を施したあと、前記ダイシングソーの研削刃であるダイヤモンドホイールによって、一端が閉じられた複数の溝を等間隔に並設し、これらがインクの流路2の溝となり、各流路2を仕切る壁を隔壁1とした液体流路部材3が製作できる。
【0020】
次いで、上記隔壁1の両側面に蒸着法やスパッタリング法などの膜形成手段により駆動用電極4を被着したあと、隔壁1の頂部にインク供給孔6を有する天板5を接着剤にて接合するとともに、液体流路部材3の開放端部に、予め穿孔されたインク吐出孔7を有するノズル板8を接着剤にて接合することによって製造することができる。
【0021】
本発明は、前記圧電セラミックス基板に形成した隔壁1の研削加工面である側面をX線回折にて測定したときの正方晶200面における回折のピーク強度Aと正方晶002面における回折のピーク強度Bの比(B/A)(以下、単にピーク強度比B/Aという)を0.8以下とすることで、隔壁1の破損を防止できるとともに、隔壁1の研削加工時にダイヤモンドホイールの送り速度を大きくすることができ、簡易に液体流路部材3を製造することができる。
【0022】
すなわち、本発明者は、上記圧電セラミックスからなる液体流路部材3の製造にあたり、本来、圧電セラミックスを焼成したときのままの面(非加工面)では、ピーク強度比B/Aは、各々の圧電セラミックス間で大差は見られないが、圧電セラミックスの研削加工後の面では加工による結晶の歪みが生じ、前記隔壁1を破損しないダイヤモンドホイールの送り速度に関する研削加工性については、研削加工性の悪い圧電セラミックスほど、加工による結晶の歪みが大きくなり、加工した面をX線回折にて測定したときのピーク強度比B/Aが大きくなっていることを知見したのである。
【0023】
このことは、研削加工性の悪い圧電セラミックス基板の場合、ダイヤモンドホイールに固着したダイヤモンド砥粒の摩耗や、研削屑によるダイヤモンドホイールの目詰まり量が多くなり、研削能力が著しく低下するために、ダイヤモンドホイールが圧電セラミックス基板の研削面に作用する応力が増加して、加工による結晶の歪みが大きくなることが要因と思われ、逆に、ピーク強度比B/Aを小さくなるようにすれば、ダイヤモンドホイールの送り速度を大きくしても、隔壁1の破損がない研削加工が可能であることを示している。
【0024】
即ち、隔壁1を形成するための研削加工時に、ダイヤモンドホイールの送り速度を、例えば、量産性の点から、5mm/sec以上とするためには、上記隔壁1の研削加工面である側面をX線回折にて測定したときのピーク強度比B/Aを0.8以下とし、さらに量産性を向上させて、大きな送り速度で加工するためには、この値を小さくすれば良いことになる。
【0025】
このピーク強度比B/Aを0.8以下とする方法を調べるため、本発明者らは、上記隔壁1の研削加工面である側面のピーク強度比B/Aが0.8を超える場合の加工面をSEM(電子顕微鏡)により2000倍の写真を撮影し、75×100mmの範囲を観察したところ、隔壁1を形成する結晶粒子のうちの比較的大きな粒子が脱落して形成された脱粒部の凹部開口部の占有面積率が全体の面積に対し40%未満となっており、逆に、隔壁1の研削加工面である側面のピーク強度比B/Aが0.8以下であれば、占有面積率が40%以上となっていることを見いだした。これは、占有面積率が40%未満となる圧電セラミックを使用すると、圧電セラミックスとダイヤモンドホイールとの接触面積が大きくなり、粒子が粒界から脱落しにくいためにダイヤモンドホイールが隔壁1から受ける応力が大きくなり、ダイヤモンドホイールに固着したダイヤモンド砥粒の摩耗量や、研削屑によるダイヤモンドホイールの目詰まり量が多くなり、研削能力が著しく低下し、隔壁1が破損しやすくなっているからであると考えられる。
【0026】
ここで、上述のような占有面積率を40%以上とするためには、圧電セラミックスの粒界部分に含まれるガラス成分の量を調節すればよく、例えば、圧電セラミックスの原料組成中に含まれるガラス成分量を減らすと占有面積率は大きくなり、あるいは原料の粉砕中に含まれるアルミナ等の不純物量を減らすことでも占有面積率を大きくできる。
【0027】
即ち、圧電セラミックスの粒界部分に含まれるガラス成分量を少ない方へ調節すれば、粒界での結晶の結合強度が小さくなり、結晶粒子が脱粒するときに、結晶粒子自体が破壊されて脱粒する粒内破壊による脱粒が減少し、結晶粒子全体が脱粒する粒界破壊による脱粒が増加し、これにより占有面積率を大きくすることができる。
【0028】
また、上述のガラス成分の調節の他、圧電セラミックスの平均結晶粒子の大きさによっても粒界の結合強度は若干の調節ができ、圧電セラミックスの結晶粒子が大きくなると粒界の結合強度は低下して粒界破壊を起こしやすくなるので、概ね1〜7μmの大きさとすればよい。
【0029】
そして、さらに、本発明によれば、液体流路部材3の製作にあたって、本発明者らの鋭意検討の結果、圧電セラミックス基板のポアソン比σを0.30以上とすることによって、圧電セラミックスの多結晶粒子体はダイヤモンドホイールによる応力に追随した方向に変形しやすいので、結果的に圧電セラミックス基板とダイヤモンドホイールの研削面との間に作用する応力が低減されることも知見した。なお、ポアソン比σは、例えば超音波パルス法にて測定される。
【0030】
従って、圧電セラミックス基板のポアソン比σを0.30以上とすることにより、前述のダイシングソーで用いられるダイヤモンドホイールによって、ピッチが極めて小さい複数の溝を等間隔に並設する場合に、その隔壁1の破損が無く、短時間で製作することが可能であり加工性が向上できるものである。
【0031】
即ち、ダイヤモンドホイール等による研削加工時に隔壁1の破損が無く短時間で製作するためには、圧電セラミックス基板とダイヤモンドホイールの研削面との間に作用する応力を小さくすることが必要である。
【0032】
そして、このポアソン比σの値を調整するには、例えばチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛からなる圧電セラミックスであれば、その構成元素であるZrとTiのモル量比、すなわち、Zr/(Zr+Ti)がMPB(モルホトロピック相境界)領域の近傍にあるようにすることで調整できる。
【0033】
このようなMPB領域を見つけるためには、例えばX線回折により得られた格子定数から、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛の主な結晶形である正方晶及び菱面体晶の混合範囲を測定することで判る。
【0034】
したがって、本発明によれば、前記隔壁の研削加工面である側面のピーク強度比B/Aを0.8以下とすることによって、隔壁1を形成する結晶粒子のみが粒界から脱落した凹部開口部が形成しやすいので、ダイヤモンドホイールから隔壁1に受ける応力を小さくすることができ、ダイヤモンドホイールの送り速度を大きくしても、前記開放端部において隔壁1が破損せず、短時間でヘッド10を構成する液体流路部材3製造することができる。
【0035】
また、これに加えて圧電セラミックス基板のポアソン比σを0.30とすることによって、ダイヤモンドホイールから隔壁1にかかる応力をさらに小さくすることができる。
【0036】
ところで、図1に示すへッド10では、液体流路部材3全体を圧電セラミックスで形成した例を示したが、隔壁1のみが圧電セラミックスにより形成されたものであっても良く、また、図2に示すヘッドのように、図1におけるノズル板8を、インク吐出孔7を持たない蓋板18とし、天板15にインク吐出孔17を、液体流路部材13に各流路12と連通するインク供給孔16を設けたものや、図3に示すヘッドのように、互いに分極方向を異ならせた圧電セラミック板を張り合わせた状態でダイシングソーにて複数の溝を等間隔に並設することにより、溝を流路22、溝22を仕切る壁を隔壁21とした液体流路部材23を用いたものでも良く、本発明の範囲を逸脱しない範囲であれば、改良や変更を加えることができることは言うまでもない。
【0037】
さらに本発明は、前記インクジェット記録ヘッドに限らず、本発明の液体流路部材を用いた、例えば、圧電マイクロポンプなど種々の液体を搬送する装置にも適用できる。
【0038】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例について説明する。
(実施例1)
チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛を主成分とし、副成分として粒界部分に含まれガラス成分となるアルミナの量を任意に調節し、研削加工時に隔壁1を形成する結晶粒子が脱落して形成された脱粒部の凹部開口部の占有面積率がそれぞれ異なるようにし、且つポアソン比を表1のようにした試料1〜13の圧電セラミックス基板を準備した。
【0039】
そして、上記圧電セラミックス基板を予め厚み方向に分極処理したあと、隔壁1の幅66μm、隔壁1の高さ350μm、隔壁1のピッチが141μmとなるようにダイシングソーにて、加工する流路2の累計長さを最大50mとなるように複数の溝を研削加工し、溝をインクの流路2、溝を仕切る壁を隔壁1とした液体流路部材3を製作した。
【0040】
なお、溝加工にあたっては、#1200(砥粒の粒径6〜12μm)番手のダイヤモンド砥粒を固着したダイヤモンドホイールを用い、回転数25000rpmで行い、隔壁1が破損しない最大のダイヤモンドホイールの送り速度を求めた。
【0041】
そして、各加工条件における隔壁1の研削加工面である側面のピーク強度比B/Aを算出した。
【0042】
なお、ピーク強度比B/Aの測定にあたっては、理学製のRINT1400V型のX線回折を用い、X線源をCu、X線源の管電圧を50kV、管電流を200mAとして2軸の縦型ゴニオメータにてステップ幅を0.02゜とし、回折角度40゜〜50゜の範囲に現れる正方晶200面における回折のピ−ク強度Aと正方晶002面における回折のピーク強度Bを測定して算出した。
【0043】
また、隔壁1の破損の有無については、隔壁1の破損場所を目視および実体顕微鏡(×40倍)にて観察して行った。
【0044】
さらに、隔壁1を形成する結晶粒子が脱落して形成された脱粒部の凹部開口部の占有面積率は、SEM(電子顕微鏡)により写真を撮影し、凹部開口部の面積を計算して百分率で示した。
【0045】
結果は表1に示す通りである。また表中の*印は本発明の範囲外である。
【0046】
【表1】

Figure 2004202974
【0047】
この表1からは、本発明のように、圧電セラミックス基板のピーク強度比B/Aを0.8以下としたものがダイヤモンドホイール(研削刃)の送り速度を大きくすることができ好適であることがわかり、液体流路部材3を作製するにおいて、効率の点から必要な最低限のダイヤモンドホイール(研削刃)の送り速度である1.5mm/sec以上を得ることが判る。
【0048】
特にポアソン比が0.30以上でピーク強度比B/Aが0.8以下のものについて、ダイヤモンドホイールの送り速度で5mm/sec以上を得ることができた。
【0049】
これにより、本発明のピーク強度比を0.8以下とすることによって、隔壁1が倒れることなく、ダイヤモンドホイールの送り速度を大きくできること、さらには、ポアソン比を0.30以上とするとより有効であることが実証された。
【0050】
なお、ポアソン比σが大きくなるにつれて、また、ピーク強度比B/Aが小さくなるとともに、送り速度は急激に改善されることがわかった。
【0051】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明によれば、隔壁の研削加工面である側面のX線回折にて測定したときの正方晶200面における回折のピーク強度Aと正方晶002面における回折のピーク強度Bの比(B/A)を0.8以下とすることによって、隔壁を形成する結晶粒子のみが粒界から脱落した凹部開口部が形成しやすいので、ダイヤモンドホイールから隔壁に受ける応力を小さくすることができ、ダイヤモンドホイールの送り速度を大きくしても、隔壁が破損せず、短時間で液体流路部材を製造することができる。
【0052】
また、圧電セラミックス基板のポアソン比σを0.30とすることによって、ダイヤモンドホイールから隔壁にかかる応力をさらに小さくすることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の液体流路部材を有したインクジェット記録へッドの一例を示す一部を破断した斜視図である。
【図2】本発明の液体流路部材を有したインクジェット記録へッドの他の例を示す一部を破断した斜視図である。
【図3】本発明の液体流路部材を有したインクジェット記録へッドのさらに他の例を示す―部を破断した斜視図である。
【図4】従来の液体流路部材を有したインクジェット記録ヘッドを示す一部を破断した斜視図である。
【符号の説明】
1,11,21:隔壁
2,12,22:流路
3,13,23:液体流路部材
4,14:駆動用電極
5,15:天板
6,16:インク供給孔
7,17:インク吐出孔
8,18:ノズル板
9 :配線
10,20,30,40:インクジェット記録へッド[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a flow path member for a piezoelectric ceramic substrate, and more particularly to a liquid flow path member used for a piezoelectric pump for transporting liquid and an ink jet recording head used for printing characters and images. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, in recent years, with the spread of personal computers and the development of multimedia, the use of ink jet recording apparatuses as image forming apparatuses for outputting information to recording media has been rapidly expanding.
[0003]
As an ink jet recording head (hereinafter, referred to as a head) mounted on an ink jet recording apparatus, a fine heater is provided in a flow path filled with ink, and the ink is heated and boiled by the heater, so that the ink flows. A thermal jet method in which ink in the flow path is pressurized by air bubbles generated in the path and ink droplets are ejected from the ink ejection holes, and a partition forming a flow path filled with ink is bent and displaced by a piezoelectric element, and mechanically In general, a piezoelectric method in which the ink in the flow path is pressurized and ink droplets are ejected from the ink ejection holes is used. Among these, the piezoelectric method is excellent in durability and responsiveness and does not directly heat the ink. There is an advantage that the type of ink is not limited.
[0004]
As shown in FIG. 4, such a piezoelectric head has a plurality of partition walls 1 arranged in parallel, and a lead zirconate titanate or the like which serves as an ink flow path 2 between the partition walls 1. A liquid flow path member 3 made of piezoelectric ceramics mainly composed of: a top plate 5 joined to the top of each partition 1 and provided with an ink supply hole 6 for supplying ink to each flow path 2; A nozzle plate 8 having an ink discharge hole 7 communicating with each of the flow paths 2 and joined to the negative end of the flow path member 3; In some cases, the driving electrodes 4 are respectively formed (Patent Document 1). The other end of the liquid flow path member 3 has a closed structure, and the piezoelectric ceramic constituting the liquid flow path member 3 is polarized in the direction of the arrow in the figure. Reference numeral 9 denotes a lead line for connecting the driving electrode 4 to an external circuit (not shown) and supplying a signal from the external circuit to the driving electrode 4.
[0005]
In order to print on a recording medium using the head 40, when a current is applied between the driving electrodes 4 formed on both side surfaces of the partition 1, the partition 1 is substantially formed by utilizing the shear mode deformation of the piezoelectric ceramic. In order to bend and displace in a rectangular shape, the ink in each flow path 2 is pressurized, and ink droplets are ejected from the ink ejection holes 7.
[0006]
In order to manufacture the head 40, for example, a rotary grinding in which a diamond abrasive grain called a dicing saw is fixed on a piezoelectric ceramics substrate mainly composed of lead zirconate titanate or the like which has been polarized in the thickness direction in advance. A liquid channel having a plurality of grooves arranged at equal intervals by a device having a blade (hereinafter referred to as a diamond wheel), each groove serving as an ink flow path 2, and a wall partitioning the flow path 2 serving as a partition 1. After the member 3 is manufactured, a driving electrode 4 is attached to both sides of the partition 1 by a film forming means such as a vapor deposition method or a sputtering method, and then a top plate 5 having an ink supply hole 6 on the top of the partition 1 is bonded. It is manufactured by joining a nozzle plate 8 having an ink discharge hole 7 pre-drilled to the open end of the liquid flow path member 3 with an adhesive while joining with an agent.
[0007]
Further, as a method for efficiently extracting such characteristics of the head 40, a peak intensity A of diffraction on a tetragonal 200 plane when the side surface of the partition wall 1 is measured by X-ray diffraction as shown in Patent Document 2 is disclosed. There is disclosed a head in which the ratio (B / A) between the peak intensity ratio B and the diffraction peak intensity ratio B on the tetragonal 002 plane is regulated to 1.5 or less.
[Patent Literature 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H7-11056 [Patent Literature 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 12-343691 [Problems to be Solved by the Invention]
However, in recent years, the width of the partition walls 1 of the liquid flow path member 3 constituting the head 40 and the pitch of the partition walls 1 have become extremely small with the increase in accuracy and density of the ink jet recording head. This can be said not only when the ink jet recording head is used but also when another flow path member is used.
[0008]
In this case, grinding is performed with a dicing saw to form a plurality of rows of partition walls 1 and flow paths 2. However, when the feed speed of the diamond wheel is increased to reduce the processing time per head, At the open end of the flow path 2, wear of diamond abrasive grains adhered to the diamond wheel and clogging of the diamond wheel due to grinding debris increase, and the grinding ability is significantly reduced. There is a problem that the applied stress increases and the partition wall 1 is damaged. Therefore, in the head 40 that requires high precision and high density, the feed speed of the diamond wheel must be reduced when the flow path 2 is ground by a dicing saw or the like in order to prevent the partition wall 1 from being damaged. In addition, there is a problem that the processing time per head becomes extremely long and the processing cost increases.
[0009]
Patent Literature 2 does not pay attention to the grindability with respect to the feed speed of the diamond wheel that does not damage the partition wall 1. When the piezoelectric ceramic is ground, the crystal distortion due to the processing increases, and the processed surface is reduced by X. When the value of the ratio (B / A) between the peak intensity A of the diffraction on the tetragonal 200 plane and the peak intensity ratio B of the diffraction on the tetragonal 002 plane measured by line diffraction exceeds 0.8, In this case, there is a problem that the grinding processability is deteriorated, the feed speed of the diamond wheel must be reduced, the processing time per head becomes extremely long, and the processing cost increases.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, the present invention provides a flow path member in which a plurality of partition walls made of piezoelectric ceramics are juxtaposed at a predetermined interval and a liquid flow path is formed between the partition walls, and the partition walls are energized on both side surfaces of each partition wall. In a liquid flow path member having a drive electrode for bending and displacing and transporting the liquid in each flow path, a diffraction peak on a tetragonal 200 plane when both side surfaces of the partition are measured by X-ray diffraction. The ratio (B / A) of the intensity A and the peak intensity B of the diffraction on the tetragonal 002 plane is set to 0.8 or less.
[0011]
The Poisson's ratio of the piezoelectric ceramic is 0.30 or more.
[Action]
According to the present invention, the ratio (B) of the peak intensity A of the diffraction on the tetragonal 200 plane to the peak intensity B of the diffraction on the tetragonal 002 plane, as measured by X-ray diffraction of the side surface which is the ground surface of the partition wall. By setting the ratio (/ A) to 0.8 or less, only the crystal grains forming the partition 1 drop off from the grain boundaries to easily form the opening of the concave portion, so that the stress applied to the partition 1 from the diamond wheel can be reduced. Even if the feed speed of the diamond wheel is increased, the partition 1 is not damaged at the open end, and the liquid flow path member 3 constituting the head 10 can be manufactured in a short time.
[0012]
Further, in the present invention, by setting the Poisson's ratio σ of the piezoelectric ceramic substrate to 0.30, the stress applied from the diamond wheel to the partition 1 can be further reduced.
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in which the liquid flow path member is applied to an ink jet recording head.
[0014]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of an ink jet recording head using the liquid flow path member of the present invention. In addition, the code | symbol which shows the same part as FIG. 4 is shown with the same code | symbol.
[0015]
The ink jet recording head 10 includes a flow path member in which a plurality of partition walls 1 made of piezoelectric ceramics are juxtaposed at a predetermined interval and a space between the partition walls 1 is formed as a liquid flow path 2. An ink for guiding the ink to the flow path 2 to a liquid flow path member 3 having a drive electrode 4 for transporting the liquid in each flow path 2 by bending the partition 1 by energizing both side surfaces. A top plate 5 having a supply hole 6 and a nozzle plate 8 having an ink ejection hole 7 connected to one end of the liquid flow path member 3 and communicating with each flow path 2 are formed.
[0016]
Each partition 1 is polarized in the direction indicated by an arrow in the figure in order to bend in a substantially rectangular shape by shear mode deformation when current is applied between the driving electrodes 4 on both side surfaces.
[0017]
Further, the other end side of the liquid flow path member 3 has a closed structure, and the driving electrode 4 formed on the partition wall 1 extends beyond the flow path 2 to the rear of the liquid flow path member 3. 9, and is electrically connected to a driving circuit (not shown).
[0018]
In manufacturing the head 10, first, a piezoelectric ceramic substrate is prepared for manufacturing the liquid flow path member 3. As the piezoelectric ceramic substrate, a piezoelectric ceramic mainly composed of lead zirconate titanate (PZT), a piezoelectric ceramic mainly composed of lead magnesium niobate (PMN), and a lead ceramic of nickel nickel niobate (PNN) are mainly used. As well as piezoelectric ceramics in which these main components are combined.
[0019]
Then, after performing a polarization process in the thickness direction of the piezoelectric ceramic substrate, a plurality of grooves, one end of which is closed, are arranged in parallel at equal intervals by a diamond wheel as a grinding blade of the dicing saw, and these grooves are used for ink flow. A liquid flow path member 3 which becomes a groove of the flow path 2 and has a partition 1 as a wall separating each flow path 2 can be manufactured.
[0020]
Next, after the driving electrodes 4 are applied to both side surfaces of the partition 1 by a film forming method such as a vapor deposition method or a sputtering method, a top plate 5 having an ink supply hole 6 at the top of the partition 1 is bonded with an adhesive. At the same time, it can be manufactured by bonding a nozzle plate 8 having an ink ejection hole 7 previously drilled to the open end of the liquid flow path member 3 with an adhesive.
[0021]
The present invention provides a diffraction peak intensity A on a tetragonal 200 plane and a diffraction peak intensity on a tetragonal 002 plane when a side surface which is a ground surface of the partition wall 1 formed on the piezoelectric ceramic substrate is measured by X-ray diffraction. By setting the ratio of B (B / A) (hereinafter simply referred to as peak intensity ratio B / A) to 0.8 or less, breakage of the partition wall 1 can be prevented, and the feed speed of the diamond wheel during the grinding of the partition wall 1 Can be increased, and the liquid flow path member 3 can be easily manufactured.
[0022]
In other words, the present inventor, when manufacturing the liquid flow path member 3 made of the piezoelectric ceramic, originally has the peak intensity ratio B / A on the surface (non-processed surface) as it is when the piezoelectric ceramic is fired. Although there is no significant difference between the piezoelectric ceramics, crystal distortion occurs due to the processing on the surface after the grinding of the piezoelectric ceramics. It was found that the worse the piezoelectric ceramics, the greater the crystal distortion due to processing, and the higher the peak intensity ratio B / A when the processed surface was measured by X-ray diffraction.
[0023]
This is because, in the case of a piezoelectric ceramic substrate with poor grinding workability, the diamond abrasive grains adhered to the diamond wheel are worn and the amount of clogging of the diamond wheel due to grinding debris increases, and the grinding ability is significantly reduced. It is considered that the stress acting on the ground surface of the piezoelectric ceramic substrate by the wheel is increased, and the crystal distortion due to the processing is increased. Conversely, if the peak intensity ratio B / A is reduced, the diamond is reduced. This indicates that grinding can be performed without breaking the partition wall 1 even when the wheel feed speed is increased.
[0024]
That is, in order to set the feed speed of the diamond wheel to 5 mm / sec or more, for example, from the viewpoint of mass productivity at the time of the grinding process for forming the partition wall 1, the side surface, which is the grinding surface of the partition wall 1, is X. In order to set the peak intensity ratio B / A as measured by line diffraction to 0.8 or less, further improve mass productivity, and process at a high feed rate, this value may be reduced.
[0025]
In order to investigate a method for setting the peak intensity ratio B / A to 0.8 or less, the present inventors investigated the case where the peak intensity ratio B / A of the side surface which is the ground surface of the partition wall 1 exceeds 0.8. A 2000 × photograph of the processed surface was taken with an SEM (electron microscope), and a 75 × 100 mm area was observed. As a result, relatively large particles out of the crystal particles forming the partition walls 1 were dropped off and formed. Is less than 40% of the total area, and conversely, if the peak intensity ratio B / A of the side surface which is the ground surface of the partition 1 is 0.8 or less, The occupation area ratio was found to be 40% or more. This is because when a piezoelectric ceramic having an occupied area ratio of less than 40% is used, the contact area between the piezoelectric ceramic and the diamond wheel increases, and the particles are hardly dropped off from the grain boundaries. This is considered to be due to the fact that the size of the diamond wheel becomes large, the amount of abrasion of the diamond abrasive grains adhered to the diamond wheel and the amount of clogging of the diamond wheel due to grinding debris increase, the grinding ability is significantly reduced, and the partition wall 1 is easily damaged. Can be
[0026]
Here, in order to set the occupied area ratio to 40% or more as described above, the amount of the glass component contained in the grain boundary portion of the piezoelectric ceramic may be adjusted, for example, included in the raw material composition of the piezoelectric ceramic. The occupied area ratio increases when the glass component amount is reduced, or the occupied area ratio can be increased by reducing the amount of impurities such as alumina contained in the raw material during pulverization.
[0027]
In other words, if the amount of the glass component contained in the grain boundary portion of the piezoelectric ceramic is adjusted to be smaller, the bonding strength of the crystal at the grain boundary is reduced, and when the crystal grain is shed, the crystal grain itself is destroyed and shed. Shattering due to intragranular fracture decreases, and shedding due to intergranular fracture in which the entire crystal grain breaks increases, whereby the occupation area ratio can be increased.
[0028]
In addition to the above-mentioned adjustment of the glass component, the bonding strength of the grain boundaries can be adjusted slightly depending on the size of the average crystal grains of the piezoelectric ceramic. When the crystal grains of the piezoelectric ceramics become large, the bonding strength of the grain boundaries decreases. Therefore, the grain size may be about 1 to 7 μm.
[0029]
Further, according to the present invention, when the liquid flow path member 3 is manufactured, as a result of intensive studies by the present inventors, the Poisson's ratio σ of the piezoelectric ceramic substrate is set to 0.30 or more, so that the piezoelectric ceramic It has also been found that since the crystal grains are easily deformed in a direction following the stress caused by the diamond wheel, the stress acting between the piezoelectric ceramic substrate and the ground surface of the diamond wheel is reduced. The Poisson's ratio σ is measured by, for example, an ultrasonic pulse method.
[0030]
Therefore, by setting the Poisson's ratio σ of the piezoelectric ceramic substrate to 0.30 or more, when a plurality of grooves having extremely small pitches are arranged at equal intervals by the diamond wheel used in the above-mentioned dicing saw, the partition walls 1 It can be manufactured in a short time without breakage, and the workability can be improved.
[0031]
That is, in order to produce the partition wall 1 in a short time without breakage of the partition wall 1 during grinding with a diamond wheel or the like, it is necessary to reduce the stress acting between the piezoelectric ceramic substrate and the grinding surface of the diamond wheel.
[0032]
In order to adjust the value of the Poisson's ratio σ, for example, in the case of piezoelectric ceramics made of lead zirconate titanate, the molar ratio between the constituent elements Zr and Ti, that is, Zr / (Zr + Ti) is set to MPB (Morphotropic phase boundary) can be adjusted by being near the region.
[0033]
In order to find such an MPB region, for example, the mixing range of tetragonal and rhombohedral, which are the main crystal forms of lead zirconate titanate, can be determined from the lattice constant obtained by X-ray diffraction. .
[0034]
Therefore, according to the present invention, by setting the peak intensity ratio B / A of the side surface, which is the ground processing surface of the partition wall, to 0.8 or less, only the crystal grains forming the partition wall 1 drop off from the grain boundary to form the recess opening. Since the portion is easily formed, the stress applied to the partition 1 from the diamond wheel can be reduced, and even if the feed speed of the diamond wheel is increased, the partition 1 is not damaged at the open end, and the head 10 can be formed in a short time. Can be manufactured.
[0035]
In addition, by setting the Poisson's ratio σ of the piezoelectric ceramic substrate to 0.30, the stress applied from the diamond wheel to the partition 1 can be further reduced.
[0036]
By the way, in the head 10 shown in FIG. 1, an example is shown in which the entire liquid flow path member 3 is formed of piezoelectric ceramics. However, only the partition wall 1 may be formed of piezoelectric ceramics. As in the head shown in FIG. 2, the nozzle plate 8 in FIG. 1 is a lid plate 18 having no ink discharge holes 7, the ink discharge holes 17 are communicated with the top plate 15, and the liquid flow path member 13 communicates with each flow path 12. A plurality of grooves are arranged at equal intervals by a dicing saw in a state in which the ink supply holes 16 are provided and piezoelectric ceramic plates having different polarization directions are bonded to each other as in the head shown in FIG. Accordingly, a liquid flow path member 23 having a groove as the flow path 22 and a wall partitioning the groove 22 as the partition wall 21 may be used, and improvements and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Until I say No.
[0037]
Further, the present invention is not limited to the inkjet recording head, but can be applied to an apparatus for transporting various liquids such as a piezoelectric micro pump using the liquid flow path member of the present invention.
[0038]
【Example】
Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described.
(Example 1)
Mainly contains lead zirconate titanate, arbitrarily adjusts the amount of alumina which is contained in the grain boundary portion and serves as a glass component as a sub-component, and the degranulation formed by the crystal grains forming the partition walls 1 dropping during the grinding process. The piezoelectric ceramic substrates of Samples 1 to 13 were prepared so that the occupied area ratios of the opening portions of the concave portions were different from each other, and the Poisson's ratio was as shown in Table 1.
[0039]
Then, after the piezoelectric ceramic substrate is polarized in the thickness direction in advance, the width of the flow path 2 to be processed by a dicing saw such that the width of the partition 1 is 66 μm, the height of the partition 1 is 350 μm, and the pitch of the partition 1 is 141 μm. A plurality of grooves were ground so that the total length became 50 m at the maximum, and a liquid flow path member 3 was manufactured in which the grooves were ink flow paths 2 and the walls separating the grooves were partition walls 1.
[0040]
The groove processing was performed at a rotation speed of 25,000 rpm using a diamond wheel to which # 1200 (abrasive particle diameter of 6 to 12 μm) diamond abrasive was fixed, and the maximum diamond wheel feed speed at which the partition wall 1 was not damaged I asked.
[0041]
Then, the peak intensity ratio B / A of the side surface which is the ground surface of the partition wall 1 under each processing condition was calculated.
[0042]
In the measurement of the peak intensity ratio B / A, a two-axis vertical type using Rigaku RINT1400V type X-ray diffraction, with the X-ray source being Cu, the tube voltage of the X-ray source being 50 kV, and the tube current being 200 mA. Using a goniometer with a step width of 0.02 °, the peak intensity A of the diffraction on the tetragonal 200 plane and the peak intensity B of the diffraction on the tetragonal 002 plane appearing in the range of the diffraction angle of 40 ° to 50 ° were measured. Calculated.
[0043]
In addition, the presence or absence of breakage of the partition wall 1 was determined by visually observing the break place of the partition wall 1 and observing with a stereoscopic microscope (× 40).
[0044]
Further, the occupied area ratio of the recess opening portion of the degranulated portion formed by the crystal particles forming the partition walls 1 falling off can be calculated as a percentage by taking a photograph with an SEM (electron microscope) and calculating the area of the recess opening portion. Indicated.
[0045]
The results are as shown in Table 1. The asterisks in the table are outside the scope of the present invention.
[0046]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004202974
[0047]
From Table 1, it can be seen that, as in the present invention, a piezoelectric ceramic substrate having a peak intensity ratio B / A of 0.8 or less is preferable because the feed speed of the diamond wheel (grinding blade) can be increased. It can be seen that in manufacturing the liquid flow path member 3, a required minimum diamond wheel (grinding blade) feed speed of 1.5 mm / sec or more is obtained in terms of efficiency.
[0048]
In particular, when the Poisson's ratio was 0.30 or more and the peak intensity ratio B / A was 0.8 or less, a feed rate of 5 mm / sec or more could be obtained at a diamond wheel feed speed.
[0049]
Thereby, by setting the peak intensity ratio of the present invention to 0.8 or less, the feed speed of the diamond wheel can be increased without the partition wall 1 falling down, and more effective when the Poisson ratio is 0.30 or more. It was proved that there was.
[0050]
It has been found that as the Poisson's ratio σ increases, the peak intensity ratio B / A decreases, and the feed speed sharply improves.
[0051]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the peak intensity A of the diffraction on the tetragonal 200 plane and the peak intensity B of the diffraction on the tetragonal 002 plane measured by X-ray diffraction of the side surface which is the ground surface of the partition wall. By setting the ratio (B / A) to 0.8 or less, it is easy to form a recess opening in which only the crystal grains forming the partition walls fall off from the grain boundaries, so that the stress applied to the partition walls from the diamond wheel is reduced. Thus, even if the feed speed of the diamond wheel is increased, the partition walls are not damaged, and the liquid flow path member can be manufactured in a short time.
[0052]
Further, by setting the Poisson's ratio σ of the piezoelectric ceramic substrate to 0.30, the stress applied from the diamond wheel to the partition can be further reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a partially broken perspective view showing an example of an ink jet recording head having a liquid flow path member of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partially broken perspective view showing another example of the inkjet recording head having the liquid flow path member of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of another example of the ink jet recording head having the liquid flow path member according to the present invention, in which a portion is cut away.
FIG. 4 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing an ink jet recording head having a conventional liquid flow path member.
[Explanation of symbols]
1, 11, 21: partition walls 2, 12, 22: flow paths 3, 13, 23: liquid flow path members 4, 14: drive electrodes 5, 15: top plate 6, 16: ink supply holes 7, 17: ink Discharge holes 8, 18: Nozzle plate 9: Wiring 10, 20, 30, 40: Ink jet recording head

Claims (2)

圧電セラミックスからなる複数の隔壁を所定の間隔を隔てて並設し該隔壁間を液体の流路として形成した流路部材と、前記各隔壁の両側面に通電により前記隔壁を屈曲変位させ、前記各流路内の液体を搬送する駆動用電極とを有した液体流路部材において、前記隔壁の両側面をX線回折にて測定したときの正方晶200面における回折のピーク強度Aと正方晶002面における回折のピーク強度Bの比(B/A)を0.8以下としたことを特徴とする液体流路部材。A plurality of partition walls made of piezoelectric ceramics are juxtaposed at predetermined intervals and a flow path member formed as a liquid flow path between the partition walls, and the partition walls are bent and displaced by energizing both side surfaces of each of the partition walls. In a liquid flow path member having a driving electrode for transporting the liquid in each flow path, the peak intensity A of the diffraction on the tetragonal 200 plane and the tetragonal crystal when the both side surfaces of the partition are measured by X-ray diffraction. A liquid flow path member, wherein the ratio (B / A) of the diffraction peak intensity B on the 002 plane is 0.8 or less. 圧電セラミックスのポアソン比を0.30以上とすることを特徴とする請求項1記載の液体流路部材。2. The liquid flow path member according to claim 1, wherein the Poisson's ratio of the piezoelectric ceramic is 0.30 or more.
JP2002377395A 2002-12-26 2002-12-26 Fluid passage member Pending JP2004202974A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005101274A (en) * 2003-09-25 2005-04-14 Kyocera Corp Piezoelectric ceramics, and lamination piezoelectric element and fuel injection system using the same
JP2011082534A (en) * 2010-11-09 2011-04-21 Kyocera Corp Laminated piezoelectric element and injection device using the same

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005101274A (en) * 2003-09-25 2005-04-14 Kyocera Corp Piezoelectric ceramics, and lamination piezoelectric element and fuel injection system using the same
JP2011082534A (en) * 2010-11-09 2011-04-21 Kyocera Corp Laminated piezoelectric element and injection device using the same

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