JP2004191451A - Sound absorbing material - Google Patents

Sound absorbing material Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004191451A
JP2004191451A JP2002356361A JP2002356361A JP2004191451A JP 2004191451 A JP2004191451 A JP 2004191451A JP 2002356361 A JP2002356361 A JP 2002356361A JP 2002356361 A JP2002356361 A JP 2002356361A JP 2004191451 A JP2004191451 A JP 2004191451A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
sound absorbing
absorbing material
sound
thermal conductivity
urethane foam
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JP2002356361A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP4137619B2 (en
Inventor
Kazuhisa Ishikawa
和久 石川
Kazumi Ito
一己 伊藤
Hiroto Atsumi
寛人 渥美
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SWCC Corp
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Showa Electric Wire and Cable Co
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sound absorbing material mounted on the surrounding of the sound source of an engine etc. having effective performance on the reduction of air propagating sounds, solid propagating sounds and vibration produced from the engine etc., and also to provide a sound absorbing material whose deterioration is prevented from being promoted, even when the surrounding temperature is increased, and whose service life can be made long as a result. <P>SOLUTION: This sound absorbing material is constituted of a porous body whose thermal conductivity is 0.1 to 0.5W/mK, and the porous body can be constituted by adding thermal conductivity applying materials such as graphite to urethane foam. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、主としてエンジン類等の音源の周囲に取り付けられ、この音源から発生する空気伝搬音、固体伝搬音、振動等を低減する性能を有するとともにエンジン類の運転により発生する温度上昇を抑制できる吸音材に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
我々の周囲には例えば恒常的に交通車両や船舶等の乗物から発生する音や振動あるいは工場の機械類から発生する音や振動等様々な音や振動が発生しており、時にはこれらの音や振動が日常生活に支障を来す場合も少なくない。
【0003】
従来からウレタンフォームの一種である軟質ウレタンスラブフォームは連続気泡を有する発泡体であるため吸音材として使用されている。このようなウレタンフォームの吸音機構はウレタンフォームの多孔質部分における空気の粘性抵抗を利用し、音波のエネルギーを熱エネルギーに変換して吸収するものであり、高周波数帯域の空気伝搬音を効率よく吸収することができる。
【0004】
その他例えば、周波数帯域が500Hzを超えるような騒音に対してはグラスウールやロックウール等の多孔質吸音材を使用すると効果的な吸音が得られることが知られている。また、500Hz以下の騒音に対しては多孔質吸音材の厚さを厚くしたり、さらに低周波数帯域に対しては吸音材の背後に空気層を設けるなどの試みがなされている。
【0005】
あるいは、通気度が5〜100倍異なる高密度と低密度の繊維集合体を少なくとも2層以上積層した吸音構造体も提案されている。この発明は、空気の粘性抵抗を利用し、音波のエネルギーを熱エネルギーに変換して吸音する多孔質吸音構造体に、さらに密度が異なる繊維集合体を積層することで、高密度部分が付加質量、低密度部分がバネの役割を担う、いわゆる動吸振機を構成させて特に低周波数帯域の吸音率を向上させたものである(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開平8−152890号公報
【0007】
ここで、自家発電装置として使用されるガスタービンあるいはディーゼルエンジン、ガスエンジン等のエンジン類はその運転中に騒音、振動の発生を伴うために、周囲の環境を考慮して騒音、振動を抑えるために防音性を備えた室内や防音ボックス内に収納されることが一般的に行われている。また、自動車や船舶、航空機等のエンジン類も騒音、振動を発生するために客室内とは分離されて収納されることが一般的である。そしてエンジン類を収納した防音ボックスなどは内装材として吸音材が用いられている。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、上記のような従来の技術には、次のような解決すべき課題があった。
即ち、エンジン類の運転の際には発熱を伴うが、エンジン類の周囲が囲われているために収納されている室内やボックス内には温度上昇が発生する。防音ボックスの内装材に使用される吸音材としてロックウールやグラスウールなどの無機繊維系多孔質体を使用する場合には温度上昇による多孔質体の劣化などの問題は生じないが、ロックウールやグラスウールなどでは周波数帯域が500Hz以下になると吸音効果が低下し、十分な防音対策ができないという問題があった。
【0009】
一方、500Hz以下の周波数帯域に対しては吸音効果の高い材料として本発明の出願人は以前特願2002−42736号において特殊配合を施したウレタンフォームを提案している。しかし、ウレタンフォームは環境温度が高いと劣化が促進され、寿命が短くなるという問題があった。
【0010】
本発明はエンジン類等の音源の周囲に取り付けられ、エンジン類から発生する空気伝搬音、固体伝搬音、振動の低減に効果的な性能を有するとともに周囲の温度が上昇しても劣化が促進されず寿命の長い吸音材を提供するものである。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は以上の点を解決するため次の構成を採用する。
〈構成1〉
熱伝導率が0.1〜0.5W/mKである多孔質体からなることを特徴とする吸音材。
【0012】
〈構成2〉
上記多孔質体は基材がウレタンフォームであることを特徴とする構成1記載の吸音材。
【0013】
〈構成3〉
上記ウレタンフォーム基材に熱伝導性付与材が配合されていることを特徴とする構成1または構成2に記載の吸音材。
【0014】
〈構成4〉
上記熱伝導性付与材はセラミックス若しくは金属材料からなることを特徴とする構成3記載の吸音材。
【0015】
〈構成5〉
上記熱伝導性付与材は炭化珪素粉、アルミナ粉、アルミ粉、黒鉛、銅粉、ステンレス粉から選ばれた1種若しくはこれらを2種以上混合したものであることを特徴とする構成4記載の吸音材。
【0016】
〈構成6〉
上記熱伝導性付与材は黒鉛であることを特徴とする構成5記載の吸音材。
【0017】
〈構成7〉
上記黒鉛の添加量はウレタンフォームを形成するポリオール100重量部に対して10〜150重量部であることを特徴とする構成6記載の吸音材。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を具体例を用いて説明する。
【0019】
本発明の実施の形態においては、ディーゼル発電機(ヤンマー(株)製YDG200A−5)を収納したアルミニウム製防音ボックス(縦1m × 横0.7m× 高さ0.8m)の内壁面に図1に示すように厚さ50mmのウレタンフォームを貼り付けた。そして、ディーゼル発電機を1時間運転した後の防音ボックス内の吸音材内側表面における温度を測定した。なお、図1には比較例も併せて示している。
【0020】
図1において、実施例1は熱伝導性付与材として黒鉛をポリオール100重量部に対して20重量部添加したもので、熱伝導率が0.125W/mKである。この実施例1の吸音材内側表面の温度は52℃であった。また、実施例2は熱伝導性付与材として黒鉛をポリオール100重量部に対して150重量部添加したもので、熱伝導率が0.486W/mKである。この実施例1の吸音材内側表面の温度は47℃であった。
【0021】
ここで、本発明において熱伝導率が0.1〜0.5W/mKである理由は、0.1W/mK未満では多孔質体の温度上昇を抑制することが難しく、多孔質体の劣化を防止する効果が見られないためである。一方、0.5W/mKを超えても多孔質体の温度上昇を抑制する効果に差異が見られなくなるからである。
【0022】
また、ウレタンフォームに熱伝導性付与材を添加するのはより熱伝導性を高めるためであり、その材料としては本発明の目的に適うものならば特に限定されるものではないが、例えば炭化珪素粉、アルミナ粉、アルミ粉、黒鉛、銅粉、ステンレス粉等のセラミックスや金属材料が好ましく、特に本発明の目的のためには黒鉛がより好ましい。
【0023】
ところで、熱伝導性付与材としての黒鉛の添加はウレタンフォームを形成するポリオール100重量部に対して10〜150重量部が望ましい。10重量部未満では熱伝導性付与材の添加の効果があまり見られないからであり、150重量部を超えても効果が飽和状態になり、コスト的にも高くなってしまうからである。
【0024】
一方、図1において比較例1は吸音材として熱伝導付与材を添加していない厚さ50mmのウレタンフォームを用いたもので、熱伝導率が0.038W/mKである。この比較例1の吸音材内側表面の温度は62℃であった。また、比較例2は多孔質体として厚さ50mmのグラスウールを用いたもので、熱伝導率は0.041W/mK、吸音材内側表面の温度は60℃であった。
【0025】
上記したように、ウレタンフォームに熱伝導性付与材を添加した本発明の実施例はともに比較例に比べて熱伝導率が高く、防音ボックス内部の吸音材表面温度の上昇が抑制されていることがわかる。
【0026】
次に図2は実施例及び比較例の吸音効果を表したものであり、縦軸は音圧レベルで値が低い方が吸音効果が高い。図2より、ウレタンフォームを使用した吸音材はグラスウールを使用した吸音材よりも低周波数領域において音圧レベルが低下しており、吸音効果が優れていることが明らかである。このことから本発明の吸音材は十分な吸音効果を有しているとともに温度上昇の抑制効果も有していることがわかる。
【0027】
なお、音圧レベルの単位dBAは騒音レベルを表し、JIS C 1502(普通騒音計)またはJIS C 1505(精密騒音計)に規定されるA特性で重みづけられた音圧の実効値Pと基準音圧P(=20μPa)の二乗との比の常用対数の10倍、即ち10logP /P で定義されている。これは、音に対する人間の感覚は周波数によって異なるため、人間の感覚に合うように補正を行って表示したものである。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
上記したように本発明によれば、熱伝導率が0.1〜0.5W/mKである多孔質体を用いたので、エンジン類等の音源に取り付けられ、エンジン類から発生する空気伝搬音、固体伝搬音、振動の低減に効果的な吸音性能を有するとともにエンジン類の運転により室内や防音ボックス内の温度が上昇しても多孔質体の温度上昇が抑制でき、劣化が促進されず寿命の長い吸音材を提供できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明における吸音材の実施例を示した図である。
【図2】本発明における吸音材の吸音効果を示した図である。
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is mainly mounted around a sound source such as an engine, has a performance of reducing air-borne sound, solid-borne sound, vibration, and the like generated from the sound source, and can suppress a rise in temperature generated by operation of the engine. Related to sound absorbing materials.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Various sounds and vibrations are constantly generated around us, such as sounds and vibrations generated from vehicles such as traffic vehicles and ships, or from machinery in factories. Vibrations often interfere with daily life.
[0003]
Conventionally, soft urethane slab foam, which is a kind of urethane foam, has been used as a sound absorbing material because it is a foam having open cells. Such a sound absorbing mechanism of urethane foam uses the viscous resistance of air in the porous portion of urethane foam to convert sound energy into heat energy and absorb it, thereby efficiently transmitting air-borne sound in a high frequency band. Can be absorbed.
[0004]
In addition, for example, it is known that effective noise absorption can be obtained by using a porous sound absorbing material such as glass wool or rock wool for noise having a frequency band exceeding 500 Hz. Attempts have been made to increase the thickness of the porous sound absorbing material for noise of 500 Hz or less, and to provide an air layer behind the sound absorbing material for low frequency bands.
[0005]
Alternatively, a sound absorbing structure in which at least two or more high-density and low-density fiber aggregates having air permeability different from each other by 5 to 100 times is laminated has been proposed. The present invention utilizes a viscous drag of air to convert sound wave energy into heat energy to absorb sound by laminating fiber aggregates having different densities on a porous sound absorbing structure, so that a high-density portion has an additional mass. A low-density portion plays a role of a spring, that is, a so-called dynamic vibration absorber is configured to improve a sound absorption coefficient particularly in a low frequency band (for example, see Patent Document 1).
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-8-152890
Here, engines such as gas turbines, diesel engines, and gas engines that are used as private power generators generate noise and vibration during operation, so that noise and vibration are suppressed in consideration of the surrounding environment. It is generally practiced to house in a room or a soundproof box having soundproofing properties. In addition, engines such as automobiles, ships, and aircraft are generally housed separately from the passenger compartment to generate noise and vibration. In addition, sound-absorbing materials are used as interior materials for soundproof boxes and the like that house engines.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, the conventional techniques as described above have the following problems to be solved.
That is, when the engines are operated, they generate heat, but the surroundings of the engines are surrounded, so that a temperature rise occurs in the housed room or the box. When using an inorganic fiber-based porous material such as rock wool or glass wool as a sound absorbing material used for the interior material of the soundproof box, there is no problem such as deterioration of the porous material due to temperature rise, but rock wool or glass wool In such cases, there is a problem that when the frequency band is 500 Hz or less, the sound absorbing effect is reduced and sufficient soundproofing measures cannot be taken.
[0009]
On the other hand, as a material having a high sound absorbing effect for a frequency band of 500 Hz or less, the applicant of the present invention has previously proposed a specially formulated urethane foam in Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-42736. However, the urethane foam has a problem that when the environmental temperature is high, the deterioration is accelerated and the life is shortened.
[0010]
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is mounted around a sound source such as an engine, and has an effective performance for reducing airborne sound, solid-borne sound, and vibration generated from the engine, and the deterioration is promoted even when the surrounding temperature increases. The present invention provides a sound absorbing material having a long life.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention employs the following configuration to solve the above points.
<Configuration 1>
A sound absorbing material comprising a porous body having a thermal conductivity of 0.1 to 0.5 W / mK.
[0012]
<Configuration 2>
2. The sound-absorbing material according to Configuration 1, wherein the base material of the porous body is urethane foam.
[0013]
<Configuration 3>
3. The sound-absorbing material according to Configuration 1 or 2, wherein the urethane foam base material is blended with a thermal conductivity-imparting material.
[0014]
<Configuration 4>
4. The sound absorbing material according to Configuration 3, wherein the thermal conductivity imparting material is made of a ceramic or a metal material.
[0015]
<Configuration 5>
5. The method according to Configuration 4, wherein the thermal conductivity-imparting material is one selected from silicon carbide powder, alumina powder, aluminum powder, graphite, copper powder, and stainless steel powder, or a mixture of two or more thereof. Sound absorbing material.
[0016]
<Configuration 6>
6. The sound absorbing material according to configuration 5, wherein the thermal conductivity imparting material is graphite.
[0017]
<Configuration 7>
7. The sound-absorbing material according to Configuration 6, wherein the amount of the graphite is 10 to 150 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polyol forming the urethane foam.
[0018]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described using specific examples.
[0019]
In the embodiment of the present invention, the inner wall surface of an aluminum soundproof box (1 m long × 0.7 m wide × 0.8 m high) containing a diesel generator (YDG200A-5 manufactured by Yanmar Co., Ltd.) is shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, urethane foam having a thickness of 50 mm was attached. Then, the temperature on the inner surface of the sound absorbing material in the soundproof box after the diesel generator was operated for one hour was measured. FIG. 1 also shows a comparative example.
[0020]
In FIG. 1, Example 1 is obtained by adding 20 parts by weight of graphite as a thermal conductivity-imparting material to 100 parts by weight of a polyol, and has a thermal conductivity of 0.125 W / mK. The temperature of the inner surface of the sound absorbing material of Example 1 was 52 ° C. In Example 2, 150 parts by weight of graphite was added as a thermal conductivity-imparting agent to 100 parts by weight of polyol, and the thermal conductivity was 0.486 W / mK. The temperature of the inner surface of the sound absorbing material of Example 1 was 47 ° C.
[0021]
Here, the reason that the thermal conductivity is 0.1 to 0.5 W / mK in the present invention is that if the thermal conductivity is less than 0.1 W / mK, it is difficult to suppress the temperature rise of the porous body, and the deterioration of the porous body is reduced. This is because the effect of preventing it cannot be seen. On the other hand, even if it exceeds 0.5 W / mK, there is no difference in the effect of suppressing the temperature rise of the porous body.
[0022]
The addition of the thermal conductivity-imparting material to the urethane foam is for further enhancing the thermal conductivity, and the material is not particularly limited as long as it meets the purpose of the present invention. Ceramics and metal materials such as powder, alumina powder, aluminum powder, graphite, copper powder, and stainless steel powder are preferable, and graphite is more preferable for the purpose of the present invention.
[0023]
By the way, the addition of graphite as a thermal conductivity-imparting material is desirably 10 to 150 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of a polyol forming a urethane foam. If the amount is less than 10 parts by weight, the effect of the addition of the thermal conductivity-imparting material is not so much seen. If the amount exceeds 150 parts by weight, the effect is saturated and the cost is increased.
[0024]
On the other hand, in FIG. 1, Comparative Example 1 uses a 50 mm-thick urethane foam to which no heat conduction-imparting material is added as a sound absorbing material, and has a heat conductivity of 0.038 W / mK. The temperature of the inner surface of the sound absorbing material of Comparative Example 1 was 62 ° C. In Comparative Example 2, glass wool having a thickness of 50 mm was used as the porous body. The thermal conductivity was 0.041 W / mK, and the temperature of the inner surface of the sound absorbing material was 60 ° C.
[0025]
As described above, both the examples of the present invention in which the thermal conductivity-imparting material is added to the urethane foam have higher thermal conductivity than the comparative example, and the rise in the surface temperature of the sound absorbing material inside the soundproof box is suppressed. I understand.
[0026]
Next, FIG. 2 shows the sound absorbing effect of the example and the comparative example. The lower the value of the sound pressure level on the vertical axis, the higher the sound absorbing effect. From FIG. 2, it is clear that the sound absorbing material using urethane foam has a lower sound pressure level in a low frequency region than the sound absorbing material using glass wool, and has an excellent sound absorbing effect. From this, it is understood that the sound absorbing material of the present invention has a sufficient sound absorbing effect and also has an effect of suppressing a rise in temperature.
[0027]
The unit dBA sound pressure level represents the noise level, and JIS C 1502 (sound level meter) or JIS C 1505 effective value P A of the weighted resulting sound pressure at A characteristics defined in (precision sound level meter) 10 times the ratio of the logarithm of the square of the reference sound pressure P 0 (= 20μPa), that is, defined by 10logP a 2 / P 0 2. Since the human sense of the sound differs depending on the frequency, the sound is displayed after being corrected so as to match the human sense.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, since the porous body having a thermal conductivity of 0.1 to 0.5 W / mK is used, it is attached to a sound source such as an engine and the like, and air-borne noise generated from the engine is used. It has sound absorption performance that is effective in reducing solid-borne sound and vibration, and can suppress the temperature rise of the porous body even if the temperature inside the room or inside the soundproof box increases due to the operation of the engines, so that the deterioration is not accelerated and the life is shortened Can provide a long sound absorbing material.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a view showing an embodiment of a sound absorbing material according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a sound absorbing effect of a sound absorbing material according to the present invention.

Claims (7)

熱伝導率が0.1〜0.5W/mKである多孔質体からなることを特徴とする吸音材。A sound absorbing material comprising a porous body having a thermal conductivity of 0.1 to 0.5 W / mK. 前記多孔質体は基材がウレタンフォームであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の吸音材。The sound absorbing material according to claim 1, wherein the base material of the porous body is a urethane foam. 前記ウレタンフォーム基材に熱伝導性付与材が配合されていることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の吸音材。The sound-absorbing material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a thermal conductivity-imparting material is blended in the urethane foam base material. 前記熱伝導性付与材はセラミックス若しくは金属材料からなることを特徴とする請求項3記載の吸音材。The sound-absorbing material according to claim 3, wherein the thermal conductivity-imparting material is made of a ceramic or a metal material. 前記熱伝導性付与材は炭化珪素粉、アルミナ粉、アルミ粉、黒鉛、銅粉、ステンレス粉から選ばれた1種若しくはこれらを2種以上混合したものであることを特徴とする請求項4記載の吸音材。5. The thermal conductivity-imparting material is one selected from silicon carbide powder, alumina powder, aluminum powder, graphite, copper powder, and stainless steel powder, or a mixture of two or more thereof. Sound absorbing material. 前記熱伝導性付与材は黒鉛であることを特徴とする請求項5記載の吸音材。The sound absorbing material according to claim 5, wherein the thermal conductivity imparting material is graphite. 前記黒鉛の添加量はウレタンフォームを形成するポリオール100重量部に対して10〜150重量部であることを特徴とする請求項6記載の吸音材。The sound absorbing material according to claim 6, wherein the amount of the graphite is 10 to 150 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polyol forming the urethane foam.
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JP2011519997A (en) * 2008-05-07 2011-07-14 ポリメーリ エウローパ ソシエタ ペル アチオニ Expandable vinyl aromatic polymer composition with improved thermal insulation performance, process for its preparation and foamed articles obtained from the composition
CN104191730A (en) * 2014-08-22 2014-12-10 苏州通力电气有限公司 Sound absorption material for submersible pump and preparation method of sound absorption material
CN108806662A (en) * 2018-04-27 2018-11-13 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 A kind of preparation method of sound insulation and noise reducing graphene porous material
CN110857535A (en) * 2018-08-24 2020-03-03 科德宝两合公司 Thermally conductive material with good sound absorption properties
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JP2011519997A (en) * 2008-05-07 2011-07-14 ポリメーリ エウローパ ソシエタ ペル アチオニ Expandable vinyl aromatic polymer composition with improved thermal insulation performance, process for its preparation and foamed articles obtained from the composition
US11091599B2 (en) 2008-05-07 2021-08-17 Versalis S.P.A. Compositions of expandable vinyl aromatic polymers with an improved thermal insulation capacity, process for their preparation and expanded articles obtained therefrom
CN104191730A (en) * 2014-08-22 2014-12-10 苏州通力电气有限公司 Sound absorption material for submersible pump and preparation method of sound absorption material
CN108806662A (en) * 2018-04-27 2018-11-13 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 A kind of preparation method of sound insulation and noise reducing graphene porous material
CN108806662B (en) * 2018-04-27 2022-12-09 北京石墨烯技术研究院有限公司 Preparation method of graphene porous material for sound insulation and noise reduction
CN110857535A (en) * 2018-08-24 2020-03-03 科德宝两合公司 Thermally conductive material with good sound absorption properties
CN114183365A (en) * 2021-12-08 2022-03-15 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Compressor and air conditioner

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